The role of Data Science

Applications hasn't evolved

Computing and cheaper storage, overnight. Thanks to fas
10 applications that build upon the
domains such as the following
concepts of Data Science, exploring various
Fraud and Risk Detection
Healthcare
Internet Search
Targeted Advertising
Website Recommendations
Advanced Image Recognition
Speech Recognition
Airline Route Planning
Gaming
AugmentedReality
Fraud and Risk Detection
The earliest
applications of data science were in Finance.
bad debts and losses Companies were fed up of
every year. However, they had a lot of data which
collected during the initial use to get
paperwork while sanctioning loans.
They decided
in
data scientists in order to rescue them from losses. to brir

Over the years, banking companies learned to

profiling, past expenditures, and other essentialdivide and conquer data via customer
variables to
Moreover, it also helped them to push analyze
of risk and default. the probabilities
based on customer's their banking products
purchasing power.

Healthcare
The healthcare sector,
especially, receives great benefits from data
science
applications
1. Medical
Image Analysis
Procedures such as
detecting tumors, artery stenosis,
various different organ delineation
optimal parameters for
methods and frameworks like MapReduce toemploy find
tasks like lung texture
learning methods, support classification. It applies machine
vector machines (SVM),
indexing, and wavelet
conternt-based medical image
analysis for solid texture
classification.

2. Genetics & Genomics

Data Science applications also enable an advanced level of treatment

personalization through research in genetics and genomics. The goal is to
understand the impact of the DNA on our health and find individual biological
connections between genetics, diseases, and drug response. Data science
techniques allow integration of different kinds of data with genomic data in the
disease research, which provides a deeper understanding of genetic issues in
reactions to particular drugs and diseases. As soon as we acquire reliable personal
genome data, we will achieve a deeper understanding of the human DNA. The
advanced genetic risk prediction will be a major step towards more individual care.

3. Drug Development

The drug discovery process is highly complicated and involves many disciplines. The
greatest ideas are often bounded by billions of testing, huge financial and time
expenditure. On average, it takes twelve years to make an official submission.

Data science applications and machine learning algorithms simplify and shorten this
process, adding a perspective to each step from the initial screening of drug
 Compounds to the prediction of the success rate based on the biological factors.
Such algorithms can forecast how the compound will act in the body using advanced
mathematical modeling and simulations instead of the "lab oxperiments", The idea
behind the computational drug discovery is to create computer model simulations as
a
biologically relevant network simplitying the prediction of future outcomes with h
accuracy
4. Virtual assistance for
patients and customer support
Optimization of the clinical process builds upon the concept that for many cases it is
not actually necessary for patients to visit doctors in
person. A mobile application can
give a more effective solution by bringing the doctor to tho pationt instoad.

The Al-powered mobile apps can provide basic healthcare support, usualy chatbots.
You simply describe your symptoms, or ask questions, and then receive
information about your medical condition derived from a wide key
network linking
symptoms to causes. Apps can remind you to take your medicine on time, and if
necessary, assign an appointment with a doctor
This approach promotes a healthy lifestyle by encouraging patients to make healthy
decisions, saves their time waiting in line for an appointment, and allows doctors to
focus on more critical
cases
Internet Search
Now, this is probably the first thing that strikes
your mind when you think Data
Science Applications.

When we speak of search, we think "Google'., Right? But there are many other
search engines like Yahoo, Bing, Ask, AOL, and so on. All these search
engines
(including Google) make use of data science algorithms to deliver the best result for
our searched query in a fraction of seconds. Considering the fact that,
processes more than 20
Goog
petabytes of data every day.
Had there been no data science, Google wouldn't have been the 'Google' we know
today.

Advanced Image Recognition

You upload your image with friends Facebook and you start
to
on
getting suggestions
tag your friends. This automatic tag suggestion feature uses face recognition
algorithm.
In their latest update, Facebook has outlined the additional progress they've made in
this area, making specific note of their advances in image recognition accuracy and
capacity.

We've witnessed massive advances in image classification (what is in the image?)

as well as object detection (where are the objects?), but this is just the beginning of
understanding the most relevant visual content of any image or video. Recently
we've been designingtechniques that identify and segment each and every object in
an image, a key capability that will enable entirely new applications."
In addition, Google provides you with the option to search for images by uploading
them. It uses image recognition and provides related search results.

Speech Recognition
Some of the best examples of speech recognition products are Google Voice, Siri,
Cortana etc. Using the speech-recognition feature, even if you aren't in a position to
type a message, your life wouldn't stop. Simply speak out the message and it will be
converted to text. However, at times, you would realize, speech recognition doesn't
perform accurately.

Airline Route Planning

Airline Industry across the world is known to bear heavy losses. Except for a few
airline service providers, companies are struggling to maintain their occupancy ratio
and operating profits. With high rise in air-fuel prices and need to offer heavy
discounts to customers has further made the situation worse. It wasn't for long when
ailines companies started using data science to identify the strategic areas of
improvements. Now using data science, the airline companies can:

1. Predict flight delay

2. Decide which class of airplanes to buy
3. Whether to directly land at the destination or take a halt in between (For
example, A flight can have a direct route frorm New Delhi to New York
Alternatively, it can also choose to halt in any country.)
4. Effectively drive customer loyalty programs
Southwest Airlines, Alaska Airlines are armong the top
data science to companies who've embraced
bring changes in their way of
working
Gaming
Games are now designed using machine
themselves as the player moves up to a learninglevel.
algorithms that improvelupgrade
higher
opponent (computer) analyzes your previous moves and
In motion gaming also,
your
game. EA accordingly shapes up its
Sports, Zynga, Sony, Nintendo, Activision-Blizzard have led the gaming
esperience to the next level using data science

Augmented Reality
This is the final of the data science
applications which seem most exciting in the
future
Augmented reality.

Data Science and Virtual

Reality do haverelationship, considering a VR headse
a
contains computing knowledge, algorithms and data to provide you vvith the
viewing experience. A very small step towards this is the bes
of Pokemon GO. The high-trending
abílity to walk around things and look at Pokemon on game
streets, things that aren't really there. The creators of this walls,
game used the data from
Ingress, the last app from the same company, to choose the locations of the
Pokemon and gyms

See Batch Details

However, Data Science makes more sense once VR economy becomes accessible
in terms of pricing, and consumers use it often like other apps.

Though, not much has been revealed about them

do we know when they would be available for a except
the prototypes, and neither
common man's disposal. Let's see,
what amazing data science applications the future holds
for us!

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Turning Data into Actionable Insights

A Algorithms

Archived/Live Descriptive/Predictive/Diagnostid Actionable inigits

Streaming Data Prescriptive Analytics

Credit: Alaa Khamis

Data and Insights

Insights are the new gold not the data as data is worth very little
unless this data is turned into critical actionable insights. These

insights can be used to support decision making and can help in

refining the design and manufacturing processes. Machine learning
algorithms can be used to accomplish different applied data mining
tasks. These tasks can be descriptive analytics, predictive analytics,
diagnostic analytics, and prescriptive analytics. Descriptive data
analytics provides insight into the past and the present while
predictive analytics forecasts the future. Diagnostic analytics
provides root-cause analysis and prescriptive analytics advises on
possible outcomes and their anticipated impacts.
 Data Analytics

Descriptive data analytics provides a better understanding of the

data and its nature and identifies
patterns or relationships in the
data. These descriptive models answer the
following questions:
What has happened?

What happens now?

What is the trend of a certain variable?

What is the relationship between variables?

How an item is performing w.r.t other item or a benchmark
item?

Predictive models make prediction about future values of data and

forecasts new proprieties instead
of just exploring data properties
like in case of descriptive
analytics. These models answer the
following questions:

What would happen?

When would it happen?

Where would it happen?

Diagnostic analytics provides root-cause analysis to answer

questions like:

Why did it happen?

Why would it happen?

Last but not least, prescriptive models focus on decision support.
This decision support or recommendation engine answers the
following questions.

How would the predictions obtained from predictive models

impact everything else?

What are the proactive decision/actions to be made?

How we benefit from predictions/recommendations?

What are the best actions to make?

What is the best time to take this action?

What would be the impact of this action?

Predictive maintenance as an example

Predictive maintenance is a preventive maintenance approach that

relies on regular monitoring and analysis of actual machine
condition, operating efficiency, other indicators of the operating
condition in order to detect incipient problems, minimize the
number and cost of unscheduled outages and prevent catastrophic
failure of critical equipment. According to McKinsey, predictive
maintenance will help companies save $630 Billion by 2025.
Fortunately, electro-mechanical equipment does not break without
warning. Months before the faults occur, minimum vibration can be
found. Weeks before the fault, apparent noise begins to develop.

Days before the machine heats up and minutes before the break
down, it starts to smoke.
 Months Wecks
Days Minutes

Minimum vibration Apparent noise Heating up Smoke

Data Colle ction &

Preprocessing

Descriptive Analytics Predictive Analytics

Diagnostic Analytics
Condition Monitoring Health Assessment
Root-cause A s

Prescriptive Analytics

A priori Decision Making

knowledge

Data Analytics | Credit Alaa Khamis

In this
context, descriptive analytics can generate
insight about the
current conditions of the machine. While a
predictive model can
perform health assessment and anticipates any
incipient problem or
possible failure or anomalies. Diagnostic analytics
cause analysis and
provides root-
finally, prescriptive analytics model can process
information about the current status of the machine
generated by
descriptive analytics module and the health assessment from
predictive analytics modules and any other a priori
knowledge that
may be available. It then produces
timely recommendations/
decisions about proactive actions or
maintenance plan to mitigate
any possible risk. Using these recommended
decisions and
anticipated impact information generated by the prescriptive
analytics model, the user can proactively plan maintenance
considering the highest priority maintenance needs or can create
work orders and messages the assigned technicians about the
needed maintenance in order to keep the productivity and reduce
down time and maintenance expenditures.

Data summarization, visualization, clustering, data association and

While
sequence discovery are common tasks in descriptive analytics.
time-series
predictive analytics uses classification, regression and
failure risk
analysis to provide information like anomaly prediction,
score, time to failure or remaining useful life estimate and/or

degrading trends. Diagnostic analytics used techniques events

like
fault
and causal factor analysis, change analysis, barrier analysis,
to provide explanation
tree analysis and natural language processing
for the causes of possible breakdown. Prescriptive analytics employs
different AI techniques from machine learning, algorithmic
inference, optimization and natural language processing provide
to
machine.
recommendations to mitigate any possible risk in the

classification and regression

In the current weak/narrow AI wave,
ML techniques.
are the most commonly matured and used
sophisticated ML
Strong/general AI wave will mature
more

more on cognitive data

techniques to process the data relying
data association and time-
collection and preparation, clustering,
series analysis including sequence discovery,
and anomaly
trend/cyclicity/seasonality, similarity analysis

detection in archived, steaming and live data.