IOT BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

SACHIN PATEL IU1941230115

SRUHIL MODI IU1941230082
DHRUTIK PATEL IU1941230100

Guided By : Prof. Ankur Changela

Table of Contents

1. Abstract ……………………………………………………………
2. Introduction ……………………………………………………….
3. Introduction to Hardware ……………………………………….
4. Introduction to Software ………………………………………..
5. Working ……………………………………………………………
6. Circuit Diagram …………………………………………………..
7. Code ……………………………………………………………….
8. Screenshot ……………………………………………………….
9. Conclusion ……………………………………………………….

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Abstract

The Internet of Things(IoT) is transforming the agriculture industry and enabling

farmers to contend with enormous challenges they face. Today’s large and local
farms can leverage IoT to remotely monitor sensors that can detect soil moisture,
crop growth and detect pest and control their smart connected harvesters and
irrigation equipment. This project aims at monitoring the soil parameters like soil
moisture, temperature and electrical conductivity and automates the irrigation
process.

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Introduction

India is the country of villages and agriculture plays an important role for the
development of the country. In our country, agriculture depends on monsoons
which have insufficient source of water. So the irrigation is used in agriculture. the
irrigation is used in the agriculture field. In Irrigation system, depending upon
the soil type, water is provided to plant. In agriculture, two things are very
important, first to get information about the fertility of soil and second to measure
moisture content in soil. In this technique, water level indicator placed in water
reservoir and soil moisture sensors are placed root zone of plant and near the
module and gateway unit handles the sensor information and transmit data to the
controller which in turns the control the flow of water through the valves.

The Internet of Things is very quickly becoming a reality. We can see the proof of
it around us. Our devices are getting smarter each day from smartphones to smart
TV to smart car to Smart kitchen.Everything is now getting connected to the
Internet. Internet of Things (IoT) describes a network of physical objects that
connect to each other through the internet.

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Introduction to Hardware

● Arduino

Arduino is an open source physical computing platform based on simple

input/output board and a development environment that implements the
Processing language (www.processing.org). Arduino can be used to develop
Standalone interactive objects or can be connected to software on your
computer.

Arduino is an architecture that combines Atmel microcontroller family with

standard hardware into a board with inbuilt bootloader for plug and play
embedded programming. Arduino Software comes with an IDE that helps
writing, debugging and burning programs into Arduino. The IDE also comes
with a Serial Communication window through which can get easily get the
serial data from the board.

● Moisture Sensor

This moisture sensor can read the amount of moisture present in the soil
surrounding it. It's a low tech sensor, but ideal for monitoring an urban
garden, or your pet plant's water level. This is a must have tool for a
connected garden. This sensor uses the two probes to pass current through

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 the soil, and then it reads that resistance to get the moisture level. More
water makes the soil conduct electricity more easily (less resistance), while
dry soil conducts electricity poorly (more resistance). It will be helpful to
remind you to water your indoor plants or to monitor the soil moisture in
your garden.

● Submersible Water Pump

A submersible pump (or sub pump, electric submersible pump) is a

device which has a hermetically sealed motor close-coupled to the
pump body. The whole assembly is submerged in the fluid to be
pumped. The main advantage of this type of pump is that it prevents
pump cavitation’s, a problem associated with a high elevation
difference between pump and the fluid surface. Small DC Submersible
water pumps push fluid to the surface as opposed to jet pumps having
to pull fluids. Submersibles are more efficient than jet pumps. It is
usually operated between 3v to 12v.

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● Humidity Sensor

A humidity sensor (or hygrometer) senses, measures and reports both

moisture and air temperature. The ratio of moisture in the air to the
highest amount of moisture at a particular air temperature is called
relative humidity. Relative humidity becomes an important factor when
looking for comfort. Humidity sensors work by detecting changes that
alter electrical currents or temperature in the air. People with illnesses
affected by humidity, monitoring and preventive measure in homes
employ humidity sensors. A humidity sensor is also found as part of
home heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems (HVAC
systems).

● Jumper Wires

Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end,
allowing them to be used to connect two points to each other without
soldering. Jumper wires are typically used with breadboards and other
prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a circuit as needed.
Fairly simple. In fact, it doesn’t get much more basic than jumper wires.

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● Relay Module

The relay module is an electrically operated switch that can be turned on or

off deciding to let current flow through or not. They are designed to be
controlled with low voltages like 3.3V like the ESP32, ESP8266, etc, or 5V
like your Arduino.

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Introduction to Software

● Arduino

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software

(IDE) - contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text
console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of menus.
It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and communicate
with them.

● Tinkercad

Tinkercad is a free, easy-to-use app for 3D design, electronics, and coding.

It's used by teachers, kids, hobbyists, and designers to imagine, design, and
make anything.

● Fritzing

Fritzing is a great open source tool for anyone to teach, share, and prototype
their electronic projects. It allows you to design a schematic, and thus a part,
which can then be added to very professional-looking wiring diagrams.

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Working

First we've collects the components and they all are connected to each
other And after all the moisture sensor is fit in the ground to measure the
moisture of the soil and If the moisture reading in arduino is less than 300
then the motor will be off and if the moisture reading in arduino is more than
300 then the motor will be on or the humidity in the air is greater than 50
then the motor will automatically turn on.

In short there are two conditions 1s is the moister in the soil it should
be greater then 300 and the humidity in the air should be greater then 50 %
to turn on the motor and ,if both the conditions will match then the motor
will provide the water to plants and if both conditions are false then it will
turn off the motor, And is any of this conditions is false then the motor will
not provide water to plants.

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Circuit Diagram

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Code

#include <dht.h>
#define dht_apin A1
dht DHT;

int sensorPin = A0;

int led_pin=11;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
pinMode(11, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
int ans= analogRead(sensorPin);
Serial.println(ans);
DHT.read11(dht_apin);
Serial.print("Current humidity = ");
float hs=DHT.humidity;
//Serial.print(hs);

if(ans >=300 && hs>=50 ){

digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
}else{
digitalWrite(13,LOW);
digitalWrite(11,LOW);

}
}

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Conclusion

This project presents the design of an IoT based automatic irrigation

system. The proposed system can reduce the efforts of farmers and
provide high yield. It also conserves water for irrigation by
locating the sensor at the right position above the soil level.

Hence we made a project to solve a problem about irrigation system.

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