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Nutrient Management :: Rice

TRANSPLANTED PUDDLED LOWLAND RICE

Seed treatment

Treat the seeds in Carbendazim or Pyroquilon or Tricyclozole solution at 2 g/l of water for 1 kg of seeds. Soak the seeds in water for 10 hrs and drain excess
water.

This wet seed treatment gives protection to the seedlings up to 40 days from seedling disease such as blast and this method is better than dry seed treatment.

If the seeds are required for sowing immediately, keep the soaked seed in gunny in dark and cover with extra gunnies and leave for 24hrs for sprouting.

Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens: Treat the seeds with talc based formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens 10g/kg of seed and soak in 1lit of
water overnight. Decant the excess water and allow the seeds to sprout for 24hrs and then sow.

Seed treatment with biofertilizers : Five packets (1kg/ha) each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria or five packets (1kg/ha) of Azophos bioinoculants are
mixed with sufficient water wherein the seeds are soaked overnight before sowing in the nursery bed (The bacterial suspension after decanting may be poured
over the nursery area itself).
Biocontrol agents are compatible with biofertilizers.
Biofertilizers and biocontrol agents can be mixed together for seed soaking.
Fungicides and biocontrol agents are incompatible.

Nutrient management

Apply 1 tonne of fully decomposed FYM or compost to 20 cents nursery and spread the manure uniformly on dry soil.

Basal application of DAP is recommended when the seedlings are to be pulled out in 20-25 days after sowing in less fertile nursery soils.

For that situation, before the last puddling, apply 40 kg of DAP and if not readily available, apply straight fertilizers 16 kg of urea and 120 kg of super phosphate.

If seedlings are to be pulled out after 25 days, application of DAP is to be done 10 days prior to pulling out.

For clayey soils where root snapping is a problem, 4 kg of gypsum and 1 kg of DAP/cent can be applied at 10 days after sowing.

Main field

Nutrient management

Application of organic manures

Apply 12.5 t of FYM or compost or green leaf manure @ 6.25 t/ha.

If green manure is raised @ 50 kg seeds/ha in situ, incorporate it to a depth of 15 cm using a green manure trampler or tractor.

In the place of green manure, press-mud / composted coir-pith can also be used.

Stubble incorporation

Stubble incorporation

Apply 10 kg N/ha (22 kg urea) at the time of first puddling while incorporating the stubbles of previous crop to compensate immobilization of N by the stubbles.

This may be done at least 10 days prior to planting of subsequent crop. This recommendation is more suitable for double crop wetlands, wherein, the second

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crop is transplanted in succession with short turn around period.

Biofertilizer application

Broadcast 10 kg of soil based powdered BGA flakes at 10 DAT for the dry season crop. Maintain a thin film of water for multiplication.

Raise Azolla as a dual crop by inoculating 250 kg/ha 3 to 5 DAT and then incorporate during weeding for the wet season crop.

Mix 10 packets ( 2 kg/ha ) each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria or 10 packets (2 kg/ha) of Azophos inoculants with 25 kg FYM and 25 kg of soil and
broadcast the mixture uniformly in the main field before transplanting and

Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf 1) at 2.5 kg/ha mixed with 50 kg FYM and 25 kg of soil andbroadcast the mixture uniformly before transplanting.

Application of inorganic fertilizers

Apply fertilizer nutrients as per STCR-IPNS recommendations for desired yield target (Appendix I) (or)

N dose may be through Leaf Color Chart (LCC)*

P & K may be through Site Specific Nutrition Management by Omission plot technique**

If the above recommendation are not able to be followed, adopt blanket recommendation as follows:

P2O5
Nutrients N K2O
(kg/ha)
Short duration varieties (dry season)
a) Cauvery delta & Coimbatore tract 150 50 50
b) For other tracts 120 40 40
Medium and long duration varieties (wet season) 150 50 50
Hybrid rice 175 60 60
Low N responsive cultivars (like Improved White Ponni) 75* 50 50

* For Ponni, N should be applied in three splits at AT, PI and H stages** in addition to GLM or FYM application.

**Phenological stages of rice (days after sowing)

Stages Short (105) Medium (135) Long (150)

Active Tillering (AT) 35-40 50-55 55-60
Panicle Initiation (PI) 45-50 70-75 85-90
Heading (H) 70-75 100-105 115-120

* N management through LCC

Time of application is decided by LCC score

Take observations from 14 DAT in transplanted rice or 21 DAS in direct seeded rice. Repeat the observations at weekly intervals up to heading

Observe the leaf colour in the fully opened third leaf from the top as index leaf. Match the leaf color with the colours in the chart during morning hours (8-10 am).
Take observation in 10 places.

LCC critical value is 3.0 in low N response cultures like White Ponni and 4.0 in other cultivars and hybrids

When 6/10 observations show less than the critical colour value, N can be applied as per the following recommendation : Application of 25 kg N ha-1 (1 bag urea)
at 7 DAT followed by N @ 40 kg ha-1 each time for kuruvai/ short duration rice / 30 kg ha-1 each time for medium & long duration rice as and when the leaf colour
value falls below the critical value of 4 for varieties and hybrids and critical value of 3 for white ponni, monitored from 14 DAT.

For aged seedlings : Basal application of 35 kg N per ha is recommended to avoid yield loss when seedlings aged 35 - 45 days are used for transplanting and the
LCC based N management can be followed from 14 DAT.

**Recommendation of P&K fertilizer rates based on SSNM approach for rice growing tracts of Tamil Nadu (other than Cauvery Delta)

Calibrated SSNM fertilizer dose (kg/ha)*

Sl.No. Location
P2O5 K2O
Cauvery delta
1 (i) Old delta 35 50
(ii) New delta 35 80
Coimbatore District
2 (i) General 30 40
(ii) Annamalai block 30 80
3 Killikulam 30 50
4 Trichy 35 50
5 Ambasamudram 40 50
6 Bhavanisagar 20 25
7 Paiyur 25 45
8 Yethapur 30 45
9 Aruppukottai 20 30
10 Cuddalore 30 50

** The above SSNM based fertilizer P and K arrived based on yield response are recommended for specific soil series prevailing in different rice growing areas for
adoption by farmers

Split application of N and K

Apply N and K in four equal splits viz., basal, tillering, panicle initiation and heading stages. Tillering and Panicle initiation periods are crucial and should not be

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reduced with the recommended quantity.

N management through LCC may be adopted wherever chart is available

Application of P fertilizer

P may be applied as basal and incorporated.

When the green manure is applied, rock phosphate can be used as a cheap source of P fertilizer. If rock phosphate is applied, the succeeding rice crop need not
be supplied with P. Application of rock phosphate + single super phosphate or DAP mixed in different proportions (75:25 or 50:50) is equally effective as SSP or
DAP alone.

Application of zinc sulphate

Apply 25 kg of zinc sulphate/ha mixed with 50 kg dry sand or apply 25 kg of TNAU Wetland rice MN mixture/ha enriched in FYM at 1:10 ratio incubated for 30
days at friable moisture, just before transplanting.

It is enough to apply 12.5 kg zinc sulphate /ha, if green manure (6.25 t/ha) or enriched FYM, is applied.

If deficiency symptom appears in the standing crop, foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulphate + 1.0% urea can be given at 15 days interval until the Zn deficiency
symptoms disappear.

Application of gypsum

Apply 500 kg of gypsum/ha (as source of Ca and S nutrients) at last ploughing.

Foliar nutrition

Foliar spray of 1% urea + 2% DAP + 1% KCl at Panicle Initiation (PI) and 10 days later for all varieties.

Neem treated urea and coal-tar treated urea

Blend the urea with crushed neem seed or neem cake 20% by weight. Powder neem cake to pass through 2mm sieve before mixing with urea. Keep it overnight before
use (or) urea can be mixed with gypsum in 1:3 ratios, or urea can be mixed with gypsum and neem cake at 5:4:1 ratio to increase the nitrogen use efficiency. For
treating 100 kg urea, take one kg coal-tar and 1.5 litres of kerosene. Melt coal-tar over a low flame and dissolve it in kerosene. Mix urea with the solution thoroughly in a
plastic container, using a stick. Allow it to dry in shade on a polythene sheet. This can be stored for a month and applied basally.

N management through LCC

For sodic soil

In the case of sodic soils, LCC critical value is 4.0 for varieties and 5.0 for the hybrids.

Other special cultural practices (Contingent Plan)

Application of Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotroph (Methylobacterium sp.) as seed treatment (@ 200 g / 10 kg seeds), soil application (@ 2 kg / ha) and foliar spray
(@ 500 ml / ha) at panicle initiation and flag leaf stages for alleviation of water stress effects in both SRI and transplanted system of rice cultivation.

TRANSPLANTED HYBRID RICE

Fertilizer 175:60:60 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha

Other nutrient management practices: same as in transplanted rice variety

SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION

Mat nursery preparation

Preparation of soil mixture: Four (4) m3of soil mix is needed for each 100 m2of nursery. Mix70% soil + 20% well-decomposed pressmud / bio-gas slurry / FYM + 10%
rice hull. Incorporate 1.5 kg of powdered DAP or 2 kg 17-17-17 NPK fertilizer in the soil mixture.

Seed Treatment with biofertilizers:Five packets (1 kg/ha) of Azospirillum and five packets (1kg/ha) of Phosphobacteria or five packets (1 kg/ha) of Azophos. Biofertilizers
are mixed with water used for soaking and kept for 4 hrs. The bacterial suspension after draining may be sprinkled in the nursery before sowing the treated seeds

Pre-germinating the seeds 2 days before sowing: Soak the seeds for 24 hr, drain and incubate the soaked seeds for 24 hr, sow when the seeds sprout and radical
(seed root) grows to 2-3 mm long.

Soil application of biofertilizers :Application of Azospirillum @ 2 kg and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi @ 5 kg for 100 m2 nursery area

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Spraying fertilizer solution(optional): If seedling growth is slow, sprinkle 0.5% urea + 0.5%zinc sulphate solution at 8-10 DAS.

Spraying fertilizer solution

(Sprinkle 0.5% urea + 0.5% zinc sulphate solution at 8-10 DAS)

Main field

Nutrient management

As per transplanted rice.

Use of LCC has more advantage in N management.

Green manure and farm yard manure application will enhance the growth and yield of rice in this system approach.

Under sodic soils, during rotary weeding, apply Azophosmet @ 2.2 kg/ha and PPFM as foliar spray @ 500 ml/ha

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LCC N Management

WET SEEDED PUDDLED LOWLAND RICE

Manures and fertilizer application

For direct wet seeded lowland rice, the recommendation is same at that of transplanted rice. Apply N and K as 25% each at 21 DAS, at active tillering, PI and
heading stages.

If N applied through LCC, use the critical value 4 for line sown drill seeded rice.

Entire P as basal applied in the last plough or at the time of incorporation of green manure/ compost.

Biofertilizers as recommended to transplanted rice may be followed wherever feasible and moisture available.

Micro nutrient, foliar application and biofertlizers as recommended to transplanted rice.

Incorporation of green manure

DRY SEEDED RAINFED UN-PUDDLED LOWLAND RICE

Manures and fertilizer application

Blanket recommendation : 50:25:25 kg N:P2O5:K2O /ha

Apply a basal dose of 750 kg of FYM enriched with fertilizer phosphorus (P at 25 kg/ha) Apply N and K in two equal splits at 20 - 25 and 40 - 45 days after
germination.

If the moisture availability from the tillering phase is substantial, three splits (25 kg N and 12.5 kg K at 20-25, 40-45 and 60-65 DAG) can be adopted.

N at PI may be enhanced to 40 kg, if the tiller production is high (may be when the estimated LAI is greater than 5.0) and moisture availability ensured by
standing water for 10 days.

Basal application of FeSO4 at 50 kg/ha is desirable for iron deficient soil (or) apply TNAU

Rainfed rice MN mixture @12.5 kg/ha as EFYM at 1:10 ratio incubated for 30 days at friable moisture.

Need based foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4 may be taken up at tillering and PI stages.

Foliar spray of 1% urea + 2% DAP + 1% KCl at PI and 10 days later may be taken up for enhancing the rice yield if sufficient soil moisture is ensured.

DRY SEEDED RAINFED UN-PUDDLED LOWLAND RICE WITH SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION

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Manures and fertilizer application

Blanket recommendation : 75:25:37.5 kg N:P2O5:K2O /ha

Apply a basal dose of 750 kg of FYM enriched with fertilizer phosphorus (P at 25 kg/ha) Apply N & K in three splits at 20-25, 40-45 and 60-65 days after
germination.

Each split may follow 25kg N and 12.5 kg K2O.

If the moisture availability is substantial, split application at panicle initiation may be done with 40 kg N and 12.5 kg K2O.

If the moisture availability is substantial, the split at 40-45 DAS (panicle initiation) may be applied up to 40kg N and 12.5kg K2O to enhance the growth and the
grain yield.

Basal application of ZnSO4 at 25kg/ha and FeSO4 at 50/ha is desirable wherever zinc and

iron deficiency were noted (or) apply TNAU Rainfed rice MN mixture @12.5 kg/ha as EFYM at 1:10 ratio incubated for 30 days at friable moisture.

Need based foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4 may be taken up at tillering andPI stages.

Foliar spray of 1% urea + 2% DAP + 1% KCl at PI and 10 days later may be taken up for enhancing the rice yield if sufficient soil moisture is ensured.

DRY SEEDED IRRIGATED UN-PUDDLED LOWLAND RICE

Manures and fertilizer application

Apply FYM/compost at 12.5 t/ha or 750 kg of FYM enriched with 50 kg P2O5 as basal dose in clay soils of Nagapattinam / Tiruvarur district.
Blanket recommendation : 75:50:37.5 kg N:P2O5:K2O /ha

N and K in three splits at around 20-25, 40-45 and 60-65 days for short duration varieties or four splits for medium duration varieties at around 20-25, 40-45,
60-65 and 80-85 days after germination is suitable.
Each split may follow 25kg N and 12.5 kg K2O.

If the moisture availability is substantial and canal water received from tillering phases itself, the split at panicle initiation (40-45 DAS in short duration and 60-65
DAS in medium duration) may be applied up to 40kg N and 12.5kg K2O to enhance the growth and the grain yield.

To induce tolerance under short and prolonged drought situation in Kuruvai season, apart from seed treatment, foliar spray with 1% KCl + CCC at 500ppm during
vegetative stage is effective in mitigating the drought and in increasing the yield.

Basal application of ZnSO4 at 25 kg/ha and FeSO4 at 50 kg/ha is desirable wherever zinc and iron deficiency were noted (or) apply TNAU Rainfed rice MN
mixture @12.5 kg/ha as EFYM at 1:10 ratio incubated for 30 days at friable moisture.

Need based foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4 may be taken up at tillering and PI stages
Foliar spray of 1% urea + 2% DAP + 1% KCl at PI and 10 days later may be taken up for enhancing the rice yield if sufficient soil moisture is ensured.

RICE SEED PRODUCTION

Blanket fertilizer recommendation

Short duration : NPK @ 120:40:40 kg ha-1

Medium duration : NPK @ 150:50:60 kg ha-1

Long duration : NPK @ 150:50:80 kg ha-1

Zinc deficient soils

Apply ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1

Foliar application

DAP 2% or 0.5% NutriGold (organic growth promotor) at boot leaf stage and at 5-10% flowering.

Spray with 3% cowpea sprout extract at vegetative and flowering stage.

Hybrid seed production Techniques (ADTRH 1 and CORH 2)

Fertilizer application

150 : 60 : 60 kg NPK / ha. N and K applied in 3 split doses viz., basal, active tillering and panicle initiation.

Foliar spray

Spray DAP 2% at boot leaf stage and at 5-10% flowering (or)

Spray 0.5% NutriGold (organic growth promoter) at boot leaf stage and at 5-10% flowering (or)

Spray 3 % cowpea sprout extract at boot leaf stage and at 5-10% flowering.

Updated on : 2013

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