Fault-Tolerant Soft-Switching Current-Fed DC-DC Converter: Abstract-This Paper Addresses The Methods To Retain The
Fault-Tolerant Soft-Switching Current-Fed DC-DC Converter: Abstract-This Paper Addresses The Methods To Retain The
Fault-Tolerant Soft-Switching Current-Fed DC-DC Converter: Abstract-This Paper Addresses The Methods To Retain The
Abstract—This paper addresses the methods to retain the The topology of the case study full bridge converter with
functionality of the soft-switching current-fed converter in the a reconfigurable active rectifier is shown in Fig. 1. An
case of transistor fault. Various primary-side transistor faults auxiliary switch S9 is intended for the rectifier structure
and corresponding scenarios to minimize the influence on the
converter characteristics are presented. The proposed method
allows preserving the power delivery and converter soft-
switching operation in the case of fault of one of the primary side
transistors. Post-fault operation was experimentally verified
using a 500W converter prototype, and resulting implications
for converter efficiency were analyzed.
I. In t r o d u c t io n
978-1-7281-3882-4/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 2019 IEEE 2nd Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering
Lviv, Ukraine, July 2-6, 2019
438
without the need for physical reconfiguration. One of the modes are shown in Fig. 2. With the converter reconfiguration
possible additional operation modes includes Flyback-SMC to the FBK-SMC, the voltage gain of the primary stage is
(FBK-SMC) mode [8]. In FBK-SMC mode, not all transistors increased by a factor of two [7]. To compensate this, S9 should
of the studied converter are utilized, and this is used to be turned-off thus transforming the output rectifier from the
preserve converter operation in the case of fault in those voltage doubler to the full-bridge.
transistors. Modulation sequences for different operation
-'Tsw'Dr
Fig. 2. Modulation sequence in FB-SMC mode (a) and FBK-SMC mode (b).
Reconfiguration approach proposed in this paper assumes switch is damaged, then the other one is set to the same state:
off-line detection of the faulty device during each start-up of tumed-on for the SC fault or turned-off for the OC fault.
the converter and selection of the appropriate control strategy Another 4Q switch that is to the side of the failed one is set to
to bypass it. Off-line fault detection and reconfiguration is an opposite state.
done in the following way:
TABLE I. To l e r a n t Tr a n s is t o r Fa u l t s
1) during the normal operation one or more silicon
power devices fails; F a u lty tr a n sisto r s E x a m p le R e s u ltin g to p o lo g y
2) this fault leads to an abrupt change in the voltage no fault Fig. 1 FB-SMC [6]
transfer factor of the converter;
51 .1 - SC; S 1 .2 -SC;
Fig. 3a
3) one of the converter’s parameters, typically input 53.1- OC; S3.2-OC
51.1- OC; S1.2-OC;
current or output voltage, exceeds the pre-defined 53.1- SC; S3.2-SC
Fig. 3b
limits; FBK-SMC [9]
52.1- SC; S2.2-SC;
Fig. 3c
54.1- OC; S4.2-OC
4) protection system engages rapid shut-down routine, 52.1- OC; S2.2-OC;
disabling all PWM signals and cutting off the power Fig. 3d
54.1- SC; S4.2-SC
flow;
Modulation sequence for the FBK-SMC operation mode
5) after certain off-time, the fault detection routine is depicted in Fig. 2b is used in the case of faults shown in
initiated; Fig. 3a. For the reconfiguration presented in Fig. 3b, the
6) after the fault is detected and localized, the modulation sequence is appropriately adjusted by swapping
appropriate modulation sequence is selected; input transistors’ control channels (S2.1 with S4.1 and S2.2 with
S4.2). The same principle is applied to faults in Fig. 3c and
7) converter starts operating with selected modulation Fig. 3d.
sequence;
III. E x p e r im e n t a l Re s u l t s
8) fault detection routine is initiated during every
converter start-up. This section presents static tests of the case study converter
to verify the post-fault operation capability. For the
Various fault detection methods have been reported, experimental validation, the 500 W prototype was assembled
including individual transistor drivers with integrated fault- and tested in FB and FBK operation modes (Fig. 4). The
detection, per-driver external circuits of discrete elements parameters and components used are listed in Table II. The
[8], [9], extensive model-based algorithms with a minimal converter was design for step-up operation and is suitable for
number of additional components [10]-[12], and others [13]. interfacing 24 V Li-ion batteries with a DC link of
Any of them can be applied to the proposed power converter. considerably higher voltage.
Possible scenarios of the primary side transistor faults are Experimental waveforms in different operation modes at
listed in Table I and presented in Fig. 3. For example, the 250 W input power and 25.6 V input voltage are shown in
configuration shown in Fig.3a can be used when the Figs. 5 and 6 . The converter is capable to maintain its voltage
bidirectional switch S1.1/S1.2 has a SC fault, or the switch gain and soft-switching operation in the both operating modes.
S3.1/S3.2 has OC fault. When one transistor in a bidirectional
l cf LCF
o__mnr\ o__rYYYU^
S 51.1 S3.1
S5 S7
Cl 51.2 S3.2 S5 S7
.C l
Ti
52.1 S4.1
.C 2
S 6 S
52 .2 S4.2*
a) b)
LCF LCF
o—m rw . o—mmL.
S1 .1 S3 .1 S1.1 S3.1
S
2 S3 .2* 5 S
.C l S1.22 S3.2 S5 S7
.C i
Tl Tl
TABLE II. PARAMETERS ANDCOMPONENTS OF THEEXPERIMENTAL efficiency drop results from the increased conduction losses
Pr o t o t y pe as fewer switched have to process all the power after the fault.
P arameter/comp onent Symbol Value
Input voltage Vcf 20-30 V DC
Output voltage Vvf 400 V DC
Switching frequency fsw 50 kHz
Primary side inductors inductance Li 100 ^H
Transformer turns ratio N2/N 1 5.5 : 1
Equivalent TX leakage inductance Lea 0.8 ^H
Rated power Prated 500 W
Primary-side transistors S1-S4 FDMS86181
Secondary-side transistors S5-S8 STP18N60DM2
Microcontroller - STM32F334R8T6
Primary-side transistor drivers - ADUM3221
Secondary-side transistor drivers - ACPL-P346
Rectifier configuration relay S9 PCN-105D3MHZ
Re f e r en ces
Ac k n o w l edg ment