TENSE 4

Subject Verb Object

(कता) does ( या) on
(कम)

Eg:- I teach
English
I wrote
the book
You will help
her
Students make
notes
See the sentences given above. The forms of verbs change and we can
understand the time as well as the action/ state from the forms of verbs.
(ऊपर दए गये वा य को दे ख। Verb के forms प रवितत हो रहे ह और verbs के forms हम action
(काय)/ state (अव था) एवं समय का बोध करा रहा है ।

Forms of Verbs

Verb Base form V1 V1+s/es V2 V1 +ing V3

Purest form Present Present Past Continuous Perfect

form form (with Form form Form
(with I, he, she, it,
we, they, name,
you, singular
plural)

KD LIVE 64 Class Notes : TENSE

Now check the forms./ (Forms check कर)
We have present form of verb and past form of verb but no future form.
(Verb के Present एवं past form मौजूद है ले कन कोई future form नह ं)
Hence some Grammarians are of the view that Tense is of two types – Present
and Past.
(अतः कुछ grammarians का कहना है क Tense दो कार के होते ह- Present एवं Past)
Future Tense requires Modals will/ shall and Vb.f.
(Future Tense के लए Modals will/shall एवं Vb.f. क ज रत पड़ती है ।)
This means we do not have readymade future tense. We rather make it.
(इसका अथ है क हमारे पास बना-बनाया Future Tense नह ं है । हम Future Tense बनाना पड़ता है ।)

TENSE

Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense

Simple Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous

To be good at Tense, you need to know all the forms of verbs that are common
in day-to-day life so learn all the forms of those verbs which are used in day-to-
day life. (Tense म अ छा होने के लए आप को forms of verbs आना चा हए। कम से कम उन
verbs को अ छे से याद कर ले जो रोजमरा क ज दगी म यु त होते है )
Now let us see Tense one-by-one in detail.
(अब एक-एक कर के Tense को detail म दे खते ह।)
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
This includes Present state made from verb 'is/ am/ are'. It describes one's
present identity, class or quality.
(इसम Verb 'is/ am/ are' से क गई वतमान अव था शा मल ह। यह वतमान पहचान, वग या गुणव ता
का वणन करता है ।) I am a teacher.
Eg:- She is not my aunt.
Are you in Delhi?
Structure
Positive Sentence (सकारा मक वा य) Subject + is/am/are + object

Negative Sentence (नकारा मक वा य) Subject + is/am/are + not + object.

Interrogative Sentence ( न सूचक वा य) Is/ am/ are + subject + object?

KD LIVE 65 Class Notes : TENSE

 PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
The name itself suggests that it denotes Present action/ state that is regular/
irregular/ habit/ universal truth/ happens/ does not happen etc but must be a
part of our present life.
(नाम से ह ये पता चलता है क ये वतमान के काय/अव था दशाता है जो िनय मत है / अिनय मत है / आदत है /
सावभौ मक स य है / होता है / नह ं होता है , ले कन िन चत ह वतमान का ह सा है ।)

PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE

Regular Irregular Universal Habit Present

Eg:- Routine Routine Truth Action/state

Tsunami He I know
Children The Sun
comes in smokes. you.
go to school rises in
coastal
regions. the east.

Structure
Positive Sentence Subject + V1 + Object.
(सकारा मक वा य) (अगर Subject I, We, They, You अथवा Plural हो)

Negative Sentence
Subject + do not (don’t) + V1 + Object.
(नकारा मक वा य)

Do + Subject + V1 + Object?
Interrogative Sentence
Do + Subject + not + V1 + Object?
( न सचू क वा य)
Don’t + Subject + V1 + Object?
Note:- We add 'es' after V1 if the verb ends in s, ss, ch, sh, z, x & o.
(V1 के साथ 'es' तब लगता है जब verb s, ss, ch, sh, z, x और o म ख म हो)
Maximum number of questions are asked from the use given below.
(अ धकतर सवाल ऊपर दए गए use से पछ
ू े जाते ह)

1. The fifth and final act of Macbeth contain the sleepwalking scene.
CHSL 2018
2. The Cannes film festival attract some of the world's most famous people
CHSL 2018
3. The price of woolen clothes come down in summer.
4. The two states frequently has differences over the use of the river water
especially during the summer. CHSL 2018

KD LIVE 66 Class Notes : TENSE

5. My teacher told me that honesty was the best policy.
6. I do not know what does she want.
7. Our neighbour switch on his TV early in the morning at full volume.
(Stenographer 2018)
8. Last evening my friend tells me the funny joke that I had never heard.
CGL Mains 2018
9. I will buy a television set when the prices comes down.
10. What you know about her?
11. What kind of bird is the dodo!
12. Who comes daily?
13. He like his parents are introvert.

Answers
1. Change contain into contains as the 'tells' into 'told'.
fifth and final act of Macbeth is the 9. Prices is plural noun and comes in
same one. singular verb. Change 'prices' (P.N)
2. Change 'attract' into 'attracts' as the into 'price' (S.N)
subject is singular. 10. The sentence is interrogative.
3. Change 'come' into 'comes' as the Change 'you know' into 'do you
subject (price) is singular. know'.
4. Two states (P.S.) will take have (P.V.) 11. Change 'is the dodo' into 'the dodo
change 'has' into 'have'. is' as the sentence is exclamatory
5. Change 'was' into 'is'. Universal not interrogative.
truth, idioms and phrases are in 12. The interrogative structure is — 'WH
Simple Present Tense. + H.V. + Sub + Verb?' but here the
6. Change 'what does she want' into subject is missing so H.V. is also not
'what she wants'. The sentence is needed.
not interrogative. 13. Here 'like' means ‘के जैसा’। Verb will
7. Change 'switch' (P.V) into switches follow 'he'. Change 'are' into 'is'. The
(S.V) as the subject (neighbour) is sentence with proper punctuation
singular. will look better—
8. Tells (V1+ s/es) cannot come with He, like his parents, is introvert.
last evening (Past time). Change
• Simple Present Tense comes when we talk about any book, the contents of
which are still relevant, though the book may have been written in the past.
(Simple Present Tense का योग तब भी होता है जब कोई कताब क ासं गकता अभी भी हो चाहे
वो बहुत पहले ह य ना लखी गई हो।)
1. Our Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights.
Eg:- 2. This book reveals the stark reality of the children's homes.
• For formal / officially planned action of future, Simple Present Tense is the
1st choice. (भ व य के औपचा रक planned काय के लए Simple Present Tense पहल
पसंद है )
1. The PM leaves for Japan next week.
Eg:- 2. The meeting starts at 5 pm tomorrow.
3. India takes on Pakistan at Mohali tomorrow.
KD LIVE 67 Class Notes : TENSE
• In Informal English, we use Simple Future Tense for future actions or
Present Continuous Tense for planned action of near future . (अनौपचा रक
English म, भ व य के काय के लए Simple Future Tense और िनकट भ व य के planned
काय के लए Present Continuous Tense का योग होता है ।)
1. I am going to Mumbai tonight.
Eg:- 2. She will come tomorrow.
• We use Simple Present Tense in Newspaper Headlines even though the
action is already over. (भूतकाल म घ टत घटना के लए भी Newspaper के Headlines म
Simple Present Tense का योग होता है ।)
1. Bus hits 3 cars on NH 48.
Eg:- 2. CBI raids land mafia's premises.
There are certain rules to be followed while designing newspaper
Note:- headlines to make them short and attractive. (समाचार प के headlines
बनाते समय कुछ िनयम का यान रखा जाता है ता क headlines छोटा एवं आकषक हो)
• Leave out auxiliary verbs with Perfect, Progressive and Passive structures.
(Perfect, Progressive एवं Passive structures म auxiliary verb ना लगाये)
1. Temperature soaring as June comes.
Eg:- (is soaring (changed into) soaring)
2. Triple Talaq Bill passed in Parliament.
(has been passed (changed into) passed)
3. Bus hits car, 3 killed.
(Three people have been killed (changed into) 3 killed)
• Use Infinitives (to + Vb.f.) for future events. (भ व य के action के लए to + Vb.f. का
योग कर)
1. President to invite the BJP to form government.
Eg:- 2. BJP to elect its President soon.
• Articles are omitted in newspaper headlines and figures are used for
numbers. (Articles का योग newspaper headlines म नह ं होता और सं या figures म होते
ह श द म नह ं)
1. Bus hits car, I killed. (Correct)
Eg:- 2. A bus hit a car, one person was killed. (Grammatically correct
but cannot come in headlines.)
• Simple Present Tense is used in Sports Commentary to make the action
seem live. (Simple Present Tense का योग Sports Commentary म action को
जवंत प म दशाने के लए कया जाता है |)
Eg: (1) Virat hits the ball and off it goes across the boundary line.
• In exclamatory sentences that begin with 'here' and 'there', Simple Present
Tense is used to express the position or appearance of the objects. (जब
व मयबोधक वा य 'here' एवं 'there' से शु हो, तो Simple Present Tense का योग कसी
व तु के वहाँ होने या अचानक आने का बोध कराने के लए होता है ।)
1. Here comes the chief guest!
Eg:- 2. There he goes!
KD LIVE 68 Class Notes : TENSE
 SIMPLE PAST TENSE
This includes Past state made from verb 'was/ were'. It describes one's past
identity, class or quality.
(इसम Verb 'was/ were' से क गई भूतकाल अव था शा मल ह। यह भूतकाल पहचान, वग या गुणव ता
का वणन करता है ।) I was a teacher.
Eg:- She was not my aunt.
Were you in Delhi?
Structure
Positive Sentence (सकारा मक वा य) Subject + was/ were + object

Negative Sentence (नकारा मक वा य) Subject + was/were + not + object.

Interrogative Sentence ( न सूचक वा य) Was/were + subject + object?

PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

• For past action, Simple Past Tense is used.
(Past action के लए Simple Past Tense का योग होता है ।)

Positive Sentence Subject + V2 + object

(सकारा मक वा य)

Negative Sentence Subject + did not (didn't) + V1 + object

(नकारा मक वा य)

Did + Subject + V1 + object ?

Interrogative Sentence Did + Subject + not + V1 + object ?
( नसू च क वा य)
Didn't + Subject + V1 + object ?

1. Rohit did not came to the office

because he got held up due to the Answers
heavy rains. CGL Mains 2018 1. Change 'came' into 'come'. 'Did
not' takes 'V1'.
2. Why she was angry with her son? 2. Change 'she was' into 'was she' as
the sentence is in Interrogative
CGL (CPO) Pre, 2018
form.
3. Madhuri did not reply when I 3. Change 'was she' into 'she was'.
asked her why was she weeping. The sentence is not in
(SSC (CPO) Pre, 2017) interrogative form.
4. Why they didn't turn up for the 4. Change 'they didn't into 'didn't
workshop? they'. In interrogative sentences
(CHSL-2012) H.V. comes before the Subject.

KD LIVE 69 Class Notes : TENSE

• With past time, Simple Past Tense is used. (भत
ू काल के समय के साथ Simple Past
Tense का योग होता है )
1. I have come to Delhi yesterday. (×)
Eg:- 2. The camp beside ours has been built in 1966 by John's brother.
(SSC GD constable 2015)
Answers
1. Ans.  Change 'have come' into 'came'. With Past time, we use Simple Past
Tense.
2. Ans.  Change 'has been built' into 'was built'. 'Has' (V1) cannot come with
Past Time.

• If a sentence starts with Past Tense, it should continue in Past Tense unless
it falls in the list of exceptional cases (discussed later). (अगर वा य क शु आत
Past से हो, तो वा य आगे भी Past म होगा जबतक क वह कसी अपवाद के अंतगत ना आए।)
Eg:- 1. He said that he will never repeat the mistake.
(SSC-SO (Audit), 2006)
2. The salesman tried to sell me a solar heater but I already have one.
(SSC (CHSL)-2016)
3. I called at his house yesterday and have given him money.
(SSC (CGL), 2016)

4. I shake his hand when he arrived and when he left.

5. No one inform me that you would be absent. (CGL Mains 2018)
6. She stopped singing as soon as the telephone rings across the hall.
(CGL Tier I, Re-exam 2015)
7. Aanya's Class teacher and her friends congratulates her warmly
when she won the inter-school debate and brought the trophy to
the school. (CGL Mains 2018)
8. Very soon I realised that he is at fault.
9. I declined the invitation not because I did not want to go but
because I have no time.
Answers
1. Change 'will' into 'would' as the sentence is in Simple Past (He said).
2. Change 'have' into 'had'. The sentence has V2 in the starting of the sentence
which indicates that the action is in Past.
3. Change 'have given' into 'gave'. 'Called at' means 'to visit some place'.
4. Change 'shake' into 'shook'.
5. 'Would' (V2) indicates that sentence is a past action. Change 'inform' into
'informed'.
6. Change 'rings' into 'rang' as the sentence is an action of past.
7. Change 'congratulates' into 'congratulated' as the action is of past.
8. Change 'is' into 'was'.
9. Change 'have' into 'ha
KD LIVE 70 Class Notes : TENSE
• If the sentence starts with Past Tense but then the latter part contains an
Idiom, Phrase, Universal Truth, Habitual Action or a Sweeping
eneralization, the latter part will be in Simple Present Tense. (अगर वा य
भतू काल से शु हो ले कन आगे मह ु ावरे , लोको तय , सावभौ मक स य, आदतन या या यापक
सामा यीकरण वाले वा य हो, तो हम Simple Present Tense का योग करगे।)
A sweeping generalization is a statement that might be true in
Note:-
specific cases but the speaker has tried to apply it to all cases.
Answers
1. Galileo proved that the earth 1. (A) Ans. is 'Revolves' as the sentence is a
______ around the Sun. universal truth though the sentence started
with 'S+V2'
(A) Revolves (B) Revolved
2. Change 'was' into 'is'.
2. Our teacher said that honesty 3. No error. Sentence is of sweeping
was the best policy. generalization.
3. They said that women are 4. Change 'fought' into 'fights'.
more sincere workers than This is an idiom which means that if one is
men. unsuccessful is doing anything, he lays the
4. I knew that a bad carpenter blame on external factors. (नाच न जाने आंगन
fought with his tools. टे ढ़ा)

• To express Past Routine, we have three options. (भूतकाल के routine काय के लए

हमारे पास तीन वक प है ) (with some
PAST ROUTINE limitation (कुछ शत
के साथ) (See Modals)

Sub + Used to + Vb.f. Simple Past Tense Subject + Would + Vb.f.

(1st Choice) (2nd Choice) (3rd Choice)

1. I ____ (go) to school daily.
(A) went (B) used to go Answers
2. She _____ a plate daily when she 1. 1st choice  used to go. 2nd choice
worked here.  (went)
(A) break (B) broke 2. (B) Ans. is 'broke' as there is no
3. I ____ very thick hair. option 'used to break' here'.
3. Used to have. 'Used to' denote past
(A) use to have (B) used to have
and is followed by Vb.f.
(C) Use to had
4. For present routine use Simple
(SSC CISF ASI Exam. 29.08.2010) Present Tense. Change 'uses to
4. She uses to study till 10 pm and study' into 'studies'.
then goes to bed.
• 'V2' is used generally for Past action/ State but there is a strange use of V2.
All V2 (except 'was') is used to express unreal or hypothetical situations. ('V2'
का योग सामा यतः Past Action/ State के लए होता है ले कन 'was' को छोड़ दया जाये तो
का पिनक हालात भी य त कर सकता है )
1. It is time you decide on your next course of action. (SSC (CGL)- Tier I, 2010)
2. It is high time that we leave this place. (CHSL-2012)

KD LIVE 71 Class Notes : TENSE

 Answers
3. It is high time we renovate our
1. 1, 2, 3  'It is time' 'it is high time' or 'it's
old house. about time' means that the action should
(SSC Mains-2014)
have been done a long time ago. Hence we
use V2. Change 'decide' into 'decided' in 1.
4. I wish I ________ a lot of money.
Change 'leave' into 'left' in 2. Change
(A) have (B) has (C) had 'renovate' into 'renovated' in 3.
5. Would that I was a billionaire. 4. Ans. is (C) 'had' is used for imaginary
possession.
6. Would that life was a bed of 5. Change 'was' into 'were'. In imaginary
roses! sentence, we use 'were' with all the
subjects.
6. 'Would that' is used for saying that
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE something were true especially when you
This includes future state made know that it is impossible. Change 'was'
from verb 'will be/ shall be'. It into 'were' as the sentence is of
imagination.
describes one's future identity,
class or quality.
I shall be a teacher.
(इसम Verb 'will be/ shall be' से क गई Eg:- She will be not my aunt.
भ व य क अव था शा मल ह। यह भ व य क
Will you be in Delhi?
पहचान, वग या गुणव ता का वणन करता है ।)

Structure
Positive Sentence (सकारा मक वा य) Sub + shall/ will + be + object

Negative Sentence (नकारा मक वा य) Sub + shall/ will + not + be + object.

Interrogative Sentence ( न सच
ू क वा य) Shall/ will + sub + be + object?

FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE

• Simple Future Tense represents action/ state of future. (Simple Future
Tense भ व य के काय/अव था दशाता है ।)
जैसेः 1. I shall come tomorrow and he will accompany me.
2. People will remember this pandemic for years.

STRUCTURE

Positive Sentence Sub + shall/ will + Vb.f + object. I/we

(सकारा मक वा य)
shall
Negative Sentence Sub + shall/ will + not + Vb.f + object.
(नकारा मक वा य) Sub + shan't/ won't + Vb.f + object. Other
Subject
Shall/will + sub + Vb.f + object ?
Interrogative Sentence will
Shall/ will + sub + not + Vb.f + object ?
( न सूचक वा य)
Shan't/ won't + sub + Vb.f + object ?

KD LIVE 72 Class Notes : TENSE

• In modern English Language we have started using 'will' with all persons i.e
even with 'I' and 'we'. (Modern English Language म हम 'will' का योग सभी
persons के साथ करने लगे ह।)
Eg:- 1. I will meet you next week.

• We should refrain from using 'will' with 'I'/ 'we' in Interrogative

sentences even in Modern English. (Modern English म ना मक वा य म
'I'/'we' के साथ 'will' का योग नह ं होता।)

Eg:- 1. Will we ever know the truth? (×)

Shall we ever know the truth? ()

Note: In normal sentences of future we use 'shall' with 'I' and 'we'. (सामा य
वा य म 'I' और 'we' के साथ 'shall' का योग होता है ।)
Now let us see how questions come from the structures.
(Structure से सवाल कै से पू छे जाते ह, दे ख):-
Examples Answers
1. I am really bored of this movie! 1. Change 'was' into 'will'. The speaker
when was it end? (CGL Mains 2018) wants the movie to end as he is
getting bored.
2. Agent Chitrangada will telegraphed 2. Will cannot take 'V '. Change 'will
2
a secret code word to her boss as telegraphed' into 'has telegraphed'/
part of a dubious mission. 'telegraphed' or 'will telegraph'.
(SSC Steno 2017) 3. Change 'will be enable' into 'will
3. Fuji's invention of Super computer enable' (will + Vb.f.)
will be enable to make Japan 4. Change 'Is she go' into 'will she go'
supersede America in Computer or 'Is she going'. For future action
technology. we use Simple Future Tense. For
4. Is she go to visit her parents in the planned action of near future, we
evening? can use Present Continuous Tense
(SSC (CGL) Tier I 2013)
too.

However in sentence of— • Determination ( ढ़ िन चय)

• Promise (वादा)
I/we will
• Threat (धमक )
Other shal
• Advice (सलाह)
Subjects l
• Command (आदे श)

KD LIVE 73 Class Notes : TENSE

• 'Shall' comes with 2nd & 3rd person— (You, he, she, it, name, singular and
'will' with 'I' and 'we'). ( ढ़ िन चये, वादे , धमक व सलाह वाले वा य म 2nd और 3rd
Person– (You, he, she, it, name एवं singular) के साथ 'shall' का योग होगा और 'I' एवं
'we' के साथ 'will' का।)

Examples
1. Trespassers ______ be prosecuted.
2. I will help you come what may.
3. You shall take rest for a week.
4. You shall be rewarded.
5. Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it.
6. We shall overcome some day.
Answers
1. Ans. - shall.
The sentence is of threat. Meaning– बना अनुमित के वेश करने वालो को दं ड दया
जाएगा।
Trespasser – One who enters, someone’s land without permission (घुसपै ठया)
2. 'Come what may' means ‘चाहे कुछ हो जाए’।
The sentence is of 'determination'.
3. The sentence is of advice, so 'shall' has come with 'you'.

4. Here 'shall' has come with 'you' because the sentence is of advice.

5. This is a famous statement given by 'Bal Gangadhar Tilak' and we cannot

apply Grammatical rules to famous sayings and quotations.

6. This is a famous song hence no rule can be applied on this song.

Continuous Tense

Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous

• Action going on at • Action going on • Action going on in

Present (जो काय in the Past (जो काय the Future (जो काय
वतमान म जार है ।) भूतकाल म हो रहा था।) भ व य म हो रहा होगा।)

जैसेः जैसेः
जैसेः
1. She will be going
1. She was waiting home at this time
1. She is sleeping
for me. tomorrow.
now.
2. We were having 2. I shall be taking
2. They are studying
lunch. the exam at this
now.
time next week.

KD LIVE 74 Class Notes : TENSE

 Present Continuous Tense

Is/am/are का योग
Is  he/she/it/name/singular के साथ
STRUCTURE Am  I के साथ
Are  you/we/they/all/plural के साथ
Positive Sentence
(सकारा मक वा य) Subject + is/ am/ are + v1 + ing+ object

Negative Sentence Subject + is/ are/ am/ + not + v1 + ing+ object

(नकारा मक वा य) Subject + isn't/ aren't/ am not + v1 + ing+ object

Interrogative Sentence Is/ am/ are + Subject + v1 + ing+ object?

( नसू च क वा य) Is/ am/ are + Subject + not + v1 + ing+ object?
Isn't/ aren't + Subject + v1 + ing+ object?

Past Continuous Tense

Was/were का योग
STRUCTURE Was  He/she/it/name/singular/I के साथ
Were  You/we/they/plural/all के साथ

Positive Sentence
Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + object
(सकारा मक वा य)
Negative Sentence Subject + was/were + not + V1 + ing + object
(नकारा मक वा य) Subject + wasn't/weren't + V1 + ing + object

Interrogative Sentence Was/were + Subject + V1 + ing + object?

( नसू च क वा य) Was/were + Subject + not+ V1 + ing + object?
Wasn't/weren't + Subject + V1 + ing + object?

Future Continuous Tense

STRUCTURE Other
I/we shall will
Subject
Positive Sentence
Subject + shall/ will + be + V1 + ing + object
(सकारा मक वा य)
Negative Sentence Subject + shall/ will + not + be + V1 + ing + object
(नकारा मक वा य) Subject + shan't/ won't + be + V1 + ing + object

Interrogative Sentence Will/shall + Subject + be+V1 + ing + object?

( नसू च क वा य) Will/shall + Subject + not+ be+ V1 + ing + object?
Won't/shan't + Subject +be+ V1 + ing + object?

KD LIVE 75 Class Notes : TENSE

 Examples Answers
1. Why you copying your homework 1. Change 'you copying' into 'are you
from someone else? copying'. The sentence is Interrogative
(SSC (CGL) 2016) hence the helping verb will come
before the subject.
2. Some of us are plan to go for a
2. Change 'are plan' into 'are planning'.
movie tonight. (CGL Mains 2018) 3. Change 'aren't' into 'am not'.
3. I aren't fine. 4. 'am not' takes shortened form 'aren't'
4. I am fine, aren't I? only in Inversion i.e. when the helping
5. I am going to Mumbai tonight. verb comes before the subject.
6. Five years ago today, I am 5. The sentence is correct as we can use
sitting in a small Japanese car, present continuous tense for future
driving across Poland towards planned action of near future.
Berlin. (SSC (CGL) Tier I - 2013) 6. Change 'am sitting' into 'was sitting'.
The sentence is of past.
• The Present Continuous with words such as 'always' or 'constantly' expresses
the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Note that the
meaning is like Simple Present Tense but with Negative emotions.
(अगर Present Continuous वाले वा य म 'always' या 'constantly' श द का योग हो, तो
उसका अथ Simple Present Tense म ह िनकलता है हालां क नकारा मक भावना के साथ।)
1. You are always sleeping in class.
2. You are constantly pestering me.
• Many times we get confused between Continuous Tense and Indefinite
Tense. (कई बार हम Continuous एवं Indefinite Tense के बीच म Confuse कर जाते ह|)
Eg:- 1. I am studying in a good school. (×)
2. I study in a good school. ()
Routine Action of Present takes Simple Present Tense. (वतमान का Routine
Action Simple Present Tense म होता है ।)
• Certain sentences are based on literal translation and common usage. (कुछ
वा य सीधे-सीधे translation एवं आम भाषा पर आधा रत होते ह।)
1. This telephone number is not existing.
(SSC (CGL) Tier I, 2013 Re-exam)
2. We are leaving for Kerala today.
(CHSL-2012)
3. The light went out while I read.
(CHSL-2011)
4. One of my friends are going to Mumbai tomorrow.
(CHSL-2014)
5. When I went there Charles is playing a game of Chess.
(SSC (CGL) Tier I – 2011)
6. We did a test when the lights went out.
(CHSL –2011)

KD LIVE 76 Class Notes : TENSE

 Answers
1. Change 'is not existing' into 'does not exist'. You know this line. You have
heard it many times on phone.
2. This sentence is of Present Continuous Tense as we can use Present
Continuous for Future planned action.
3. Change 'I read' into 'I was reading'.
4. Change 'are' into 'is'. 'One' takes S.V. (is).
5. Change 'is' into 'was'. The sentence is of past.
6. Change 'did' into 'were doing'.
3, 5, 8  In these sentences one action took place while the other was going
on. Hence we have used Past Continuous and Past Indefinite combinations.
• Many times 'V1 + ing' form of verb can be replaced by an Adjective. (कई बार
verb के 'V1 + ing' form को Adjective से हम replace कर सकते ह।)

Examples
1. (i) I was sleeping.
3. (i) The house was burning.
(V1 + ing)
(ii) I was asleep. (V1 + ing)
(ii) The house was ablaze.
(Adj.)
2. (i) The body was floating. (Adj.)

(V1 + ing)
(ii) The body was afloat.
(Adj.)
• There are certain non-continuous verbs. They do not come in 'V1 + ing' form
because normally you cannot see someone doing that. (कुछ Non-continuous
Verbs होते ह। ये 'V1 + ing' म नह ं आते य क सामा यतः आप कसी को ये करते नह ं दे खते।)
The verbs given below are non-continuous verb. (नीचे दए गए Verbs Non-
continuous verbs है ।)
• Verbs of Perception – (अनुभूित से संबं धत verbs)
See, taste, hear, smell, seem, appear, sound, feel, look.
• Verbs of possession – (आ धप य संबं धत verbs)
Own, have, possess, comprise, consist, contain, belong
• Verbs of feelings – (भावनाओं से संबं धत verbs)
Love, like, hate, adore (पसंद करना), dislike, want, wish, please, trust, hope,
desire (इ छा करना), believe
• Verbs of thoughts – (म तक क याओं से संबं धत verbs)
Think, know, mean, mind, remember, suppose, notice, recognize (पहचानना),
imagine, understand, comprehend (समझना), prefer.
• Some other verbs – (कुछ अ य verbs)
Agree, afford, resemble, cost, require, refuse, consider, become.

Examples Trust me. I am believing you word for word. (×)

Here believe cannot take 'ing' form. Change 'I am believing you'
into 'I believe you'.
KD LIVE 77 Class Notes : TENSE
1. I am having a car. (×)
If 'have' means 'own' or 'possess', it becomes non-continuous verb.
I have a car. ()
2. It is smelling good. (×)
It smells good. ()
Here I am not smelling a particular thing. Let's say when I entered my
room, I felt a good smell. Here I am not doing any action. The smell is
automatically affecting my sense organ 'nose'. So here we should say.
If we want to smell some food to know its ingredient, we are performing
some action. Here we can use 'smelling' as it is an action.
यहाँ हम कुछ सूंघ नह ं रहे ह | जैसे ह म अंदर आया, वैसे ह मुझे गंध आया | मने सूंघने का कोई action
नह ं कया| गंध मेरे sense organ 'नाक' पर खुद व खुद असर कर रहा है | इसी लए यहाँ 'smell'
non - continuous verb है |
अगर हम खुद सूंघ कर साम ी का पता लगाना चाह रहे हो तो हम action कर रहे ह|
Eg: He is smelling the soup to check its ingredients.

Examples
1. I now (1)/ am knowing (2)/ all the facts about him.(3)/ No error (4).
(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 26.11.2006 (Second Sitting)
2. Ramesh smiled when he was remembering (1)/ his hard early years (2)/ and
his long road to success. (3)/ No error (4).
(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 29.03.2009)
3. Madhuri Dixit is having (1)/ a large (2)/ fan following. (3)/ No error (4).
(SSC Higher Secondary Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 28.11.2010 (IInd Sitting)
4. He is having (1)/ many (2)/ friends here. (3)/ No error. (4)
(SSC CPO (SI, ASI & Intelligence Officer Exam. Paper-II 28.08.2011)
5. I (1)/ am having (2)/ three children. (3)/ No error (4)
(SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 28.10.2012 (1st Sitting)
6. You are a very lovable person (1)/ but I (2)/ am not loving you. (3)/ No error.
(4) (SSC Constable (GD) Exam. 12.05.2013)
7. My mother (1)/ is having (2)/ grey hairs (3)/ No Error (4)
SSC (steno.) 2017, 14 Sept., Evening
8. I was not able to solve the questions as I was not knowing the answers.
(1) the answers (2) I was not SSC (CPO) Pre- 2018 14 March, 2019 Evening
(3) able to solve (4) was not knowing
9. Most children are liking ice-cream.
(1) likes (2) like
(3) were liking (4) No improvement
(SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 21.10.2012 (Ist Sitting)

KD LIVE 78 Class Notes : TENSE

10. I am having two sisters.
(1) have had (2) have
(3) had (4) No improvement
(SSC Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 28.11.2010)
11. She is loving chocolate ice cream
(1) has loving (2) has been loved
(3) loves (4) No improvement
(SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 28.10.2012 (Ist Sitting)
12. He is wanting in a little common sense.
(1) No improvement (2) lacks
(3) is lacking in (4) needs some
(SSC CGL Tier-I Exam, 09.08.2015 (Ist Sitting) TF No. 1443088)

• Now let us see where we can use 'v1 + ing' forms of verbs that are usually
non-continuous. (अब दे खते ह हम non-continuous verbs का योग 'v1 + ing' form म
कहाँ-कहाँ कर सकते ह।) Have
1. I am having lunch. ()
means
2. We are having fun. ()
3. I am having a car. (×)
Own, possess Eat have fun = Enjoy
I have a car. () (Non-action verb) (action verb) (Action verb)

V1+ing (×) V1+ing () V1+ing ()

1. I am feeling, you are right. (×) 2. It is feeling soft.
I feel you are right. () It feels soft.
3. She is feeling the quilt to check the 4. I am feeling unwell. ()
quality of the fabric used. ()
Feel

Opine (राय होना) To experience something Verb of Sensation

Non-action verb physical or emotional (Non-action verb)

V1+ing (×) V1+ing (×) V1+ing ()

KD LIVE 79 Class Notes : TENSE

 Smell
1. It is smelling foul. (×)
It smells foul. ()
2. She is smelling the soup
to identify the spices
गंध आना Sniff (सूंघना)
used in it. ()
Non-action verb Action verb

Taste V1+ing (×) V1+ing ()

1. It is tasting delicious.
वाद महसूस करना चखना (×)
Non-action verb Action verb It tastes delicious. ()
2. She is tasting the cake
to check its flavour. ()
V1+ing (×) V1+ing ()
Think
1. I am thinking you
means

are right. (×)

2. I think, you are
right. () Feel, opine one's state of mind for to plan
3. I am thinking of non-action verb some particular time. action verb
you. () action verb
4. I am thinking of a
new plan. ()
V1+ing (×) V1+ing () V1+ing ()
• Lo! She is smelling the artificial roses. ()
We use Lo/ See/ behold/ to attract the attention of the listener towards the
action going on.
(Lo/ See/ behold का योग ोता के यान को आक षत करता है । यािन यान उस action के
तरफ आक षत कया जाता है जो जार अव था म हो।)

Lo! definition used to tell people to pay attention and look at

something interesting.
1. Seeing is believing.
sub. obj.
2. Mosquitoes are capable of seeing in the night.
Prep.
'V1+ing' is used as Gerund. Gerund is Noun. Noun comes in place of Subject and
object and after a Preposition.
'V1+ing' Gerund एवं है और Subject object के थान पर और Preposition के बाद होता है |
In the examples given above 'See' and 'believe' have come in 'V1+ing' form. Here
they are Gerund.
KD LIVE 80 Class Notes : TENSE
 Has/have के योग
Present Perfect Tense
He/ She/ It/
has
Name/Singular
Present Perfect is used for various types of actions.
(Present Perfect का योग व भ न कार के actions के लए होता है |) have I/ We/ They/
You/ Plural/ All
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence
(सकारा मक वा य) Subject + has/ have + V3 + object.

Negative Sentence Subject + has/ have + not + V3 + object

(नकारा मक वा य) Subject + hasn't/ haven't + V3 + object

Interrogative Sentence Has/ have + Subject + V3 + object ?

( नसू च क वा य) Has/ have + Subject + not + V3 + object ?
Hasn't/ haven't + Subject + V3 + object ?

Examples
1. The teacher (1)/ has took (2)/ the responsibility. (3)/ No error. (4)
(SSC CISF ASI Exam. 29.08.2010 (Paper-I)

2. I have sign over (1)/ the cheque, you can (2)/ collect it tomorrow. (3)/ No
error (4) SSC CHSL-2016 (2nd February, Morning)

3. Everything has became very expensive these days.

(1) No error (2) Everything has became
(3) very expensive (4) these days
CGL MAINS 2018, 12 September, 2019

4. Now that I am back at work, (1) / I have beginning (2) / to feel much better.
(3) / No error (4) SSC CGL-2016 (2nd September, Morning)
5. It has becoming clear (1)/ that attempts to impress the (2)/ people have
failed. (3)/ No Error (4) SSC (steno.) 2017, 11 Sept., Morning

6. I have went through the write–ups guideline (1)/ too but still want to clear
on mail (2)/ communication for topic confirmation. (3)/ No Error (4)
SSC (steno.) 2017, 11 Sept., Evening
7. The ambulance have arrived on time, the accident victim was taken to the
hospital. CHSL-2018, 4 July, 2019, Evening
(1) the accident victim (2) have arrived on time
(3) The ambulance (4) was taken to the hospital
8. The Public works Department has propose to construct an elevated corridor
which will run parallel to the National highway.
CHSL-2018, 2 July, 2019, Morning
(1) to the National highway (2) The Public works Department has propose
(3) which will run parallel (4) to construct an elevated corridor

KD LIVE 81 Class Notes : TENSE

9. The advancements in medical science has proved to be a boon for all of us.
(1) has proven (2) had proven
(3) have proved (4) No improvement
(SSC Stenographer (Grade 'C' & 'D' Exam. 09.01.2011)

Answers
1. (2) Replace 'has took' with 'has taken'. After ‘has/ have’ ‘V3’ is used.
2. (1) After 'has/have' V3 comes hence replace ‘sign’ with ‘signed’. Also
remove ‘over’.
3. (2) Replace 'became' with 'become'. Has takes V3.
4. (2) After 'have' ‘V3’ form of verb is used. Thus replace 'beginning' with
'begun'.
5. (1) Change 'becoming' into 'become' because the sentence is in present
perfect tense where the structure is-
Sub + have/has + V3
6. (1) Replace 'went' with 'gone' become 'go through' means to examine
carefully.
7. (2) Ambulance takes singular verb. However the sentence in the next part
is in past so ‘has’ to is not appropriate. Change ‘has’ into ‘had’.
8. (2) ‘Has’ is always followed by ‘third form of verb’. Use ‘proposed’ in place
of ‘propose’.
9. (3) Replace ‘has proved’ with ‘have proved’ because here the main subject
is plural, it will agree with plural verb (have).
• The action that has taken place just now or recently takes Present Perfect
Tense but if an action is of past, we should use Simple Past Tense. (जो काय
अभी-अभी या हाल- फलहाल हुआ हो, उसे Present Perfect Tense म रखा जाता है । ले कन अगर
Action भूतकाल का हो तो Simple Past Tense का योग होता है ।)
1. I have come to Delhi recently.
Eg:- 2. She has arrived just now.
3. I have had lunch just now.
Examples
1. I have passed (1)/ the examination (2)/ two years ago. (3)/ No error. (4)
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 10.12.2006)
2. I (1)/ have seen him (2)/ yesterday. (3)/ No error (4)
(SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 28.10.2012 (1st Sitting)

3. They have (1)/ played a game (2)/ last week. (3)/ No error (4).
(SSC Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 21.04.2013, IInd Sitting)

4. I have got your letter yesterday (1)/ and felt happy to learn (2)/ of your
recovery. (3)/ No error. (4) (SSC Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 19.05.2013)

KD LIVE 82 Class Notes : TENSE

5. I have seen (1)/ that film last year (2)/ but I do not remember its story.(3)/
No error. (4) (SSC Multi-Tasking (Non-Tech.) Staff Exam. 16.02.2014)
6. I have visited Mumbai two years ago (1)/ and I am planning to visit again
(2)/ in the near future. (3)/ No error (4).
(SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & Delhi Police SI Exam. 28.09.2014 (TF No. 482 RN 5)
7. We have finished our work three hours ago and have been waiting for you
since then. (SSC CGL Tier-I Exam, 16.08.2015 (Iind Sitting) TF No. 2176783)
(1) three hours ago and have been waiting (3) for you since then
(2) We have finished our work (4) No error
8. I called (1)/ at his house yesterday (2)/ and have given him money (3)/ No
Error (4) SSC CGL-2016 (8th September, Evening)
9. She has slept for eight hours last night.
(1) slept (2) had slept
(3) has been sleeping (4) No improvement
(SSC Tax Assistant (IncomeTax & Central Excise) Exam. 12.11.2006)
10. Rani has completed her graduation from a reputed university last year.
(1) completed (2) was completed
(3) No improvement (4) had been completed
(SSC CHSL (10+2) LDC, DEO & PA/SA Exam, 06.12.2015 (IInd Sitting) TF No. 3441135)
11. I have returned library books yesterday.
(1) had returned (2) have had returned
(3) returned (4) No improvement
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 06.01.2008)
Answers
1. (1) Replace ‘ have passed’ with ‘passed’ because the given sentence is in
Past Tense.
2. (2) Replace ‘have seen’ with ‘saw’ because the given sentence is in Past
Tense.
3. (1) Change ‘have played’ into ‘played’ because the sentence is in Past
Tense.
4. (1) Replace ‘have got’ with ‘got’ because the given sentence is in Past
Tense.
5. (1) Replace ‘have seen’ with ‘saw’ since the given sentence talks about past
events.
6. (1) Replace ‘have visited’ with ‘visited’ because the event is of past time.
7. (2) Replace ‘have finished’ with ‘finished’ because the event took place in
past.
8. (3) Given sentence is an past tense, thus replace 'have given' with 'gave'.
9. (1) Replace ‘has slept’ with ‘slept’ because the action denotes a past act.
10. (1) Replace 'has completed' with 'completed' because the given sentence is
in Past Tense.
11. (3) Replace 'have returned' with 'returned'. 'Yesterday' denotes that action
took place in past.
KD LIVE 83 Class Notes : TENSE
• Sentences with yet/ so far (अभी तक)/ till now come in Present Perfect Tense.
( जन वा य म yet/ so far (अभी तक) का योग हो उनम Present Perfect Tense का योग
होता है ।) Answers
1. Didn’t Mr. Sharma come to the office yet ? 1. (2) Replace ‘didn’t’ with
(1) Hadn’t (2) Hasn’t ‘hasn’t’ because ‘yet’
(3) Isn’t (4) No improvement used in the end of the
(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. sentence shows that it is
30.09.2007 a present action.
2. He didn't eat anything till now. 2. Change 'didn't eat' into
'hasn't eaten'.
• When the action is important, not the time of action and the action is over,
we use Present Perfect Tense. (जब काय मह वपूण हो ना क काय होने का समय और काय
ख म होने के समय का कोई उ लेख भी नह ं हो।)
1. The housing problem in Mumbai becomes more serious.
(1) is becoming (2) has become
Answers
(3) become (4) No improvement
(SSC CHSL (10+2) DEO & LDC Exam. 16.11.2014 , 1. (2) Replace ‘becomes’
Ist Sitting TF No. 333 LO 2) with ‘has become’
because effect of past
2. Science has made our life better.
in the Present is still
3. Man has reached the moon.
evident.
4. I have already had a slice of bread.
• See the structure given below. (नीचे दए गये structure को दे ख))
This is the nth time + Present Perfect Tense
1. This is the first time, I have met him.
2. This is the fourth time, you have interrupted.
But this is a structure which we can use only when the action is over.
(ले कन इस structure का योग सफ तभी कर जब काय हो चुका हो)
1. This is the sixth time, he is calling me up.
Eg:- 2. This is the 4th time, you are watching this movie.
• See the structure given below. (नीचे दए गये structure को दे ख))
Preceded by Followed by
के पहले के बाद
since

Present Perfect Simple Past

Eg:-
1. My sister has been (1)/ interested in medicine (2)/ ever since she was a child
(3)/ No Error (4) SSC CGL-2016 (11th September, Evening)
2. I have never been hearing from him since he left for America.
(1) have never heard (2) have never been hearing (SSC CGL Tier-I Re-Exam.
(3) was never heard (4) No improvement (2013) 20.07.2014, IInd Sitting)

KD LIVE 84 Class Notes : TENSE

 Answers
1. (4) No error
2. (1) Replace ‘have never been hearing’ with ‘have never heard’. When ‘hear’
means ‘listen something’ it is not used in Continuous Tense.

Past Perfect Tense

• If two actions took place one after the other, the 1st action hasis in Past Perfect
Tense and the 2nd action is in Simple Past Tense. (जब दो काय भत ू काल म हो, तो जो
पहले हुआ हो वह Past Perfect म होगा और जो उसके बाद हुआ हो वह Simple Past म होगा।)
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence
(सकारा मक वा य) Sub + had + V3 + obj

Negative Sentence
(नकारा मक वा य) Sub + had + not (hadn't) + V3 + obj

Interrogative Sentence Had + sub + V3 + obj ?

( नसू च क वा य) Had + sub +not + V3 + obj ?
Hadn't + sub + V3 + obj ?
1. I had called you up before he arrived.
Eg:- 2. Before he understood anything, the robbers had fled.
3. He boarded the bus after he had texted him.
4. By the time we reached the station, the train had left.
1. Although we reached his house in time (1)/ he was left (2)/ for the airport.
(3)/ No error. (4) (SSC Multi-Tasking (Non-Tech.) Staff Exam. 16.02.2014)
2. I meant to repair the radio but hadn’t time to do it today.
(1) No error (2) to do it today.
(3) I meant to repair the radio (4) but hadn’t time
(SSC CGL Tier-II Exam, 25.10.2015, TF No. 2148789)
3. The train had left (1)/ when he had reached (2)/ the station. (3)/ No error (4).
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 10.12.2006)
4. By the time (1)/ we got our tickets and entered the cinema theatre, (2)/ the
show was already begun. (3)/ No error. (4)
(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 14.12.2008)
5. When Anand reached the village (1)/ he found that (2)/ reports about him
preceded him. (3)/ No error (4)
6. When at last (1)/ we got to the theatre, (2)/the much publicized programme
by the Bollywood stars was begun. (3)/No error (4)
(SSC Graduate Level Tier-II Exam. 16.09.2012)
7. We had to return because (1)/ when we reached the railway (2)/ station the
train left. (3)/ No error (4) SSC CHSL-2016, 21th Jan, Evening

KD LIVE 85 Class Notes : TENSE

8. I finished my assignment before we (1)/ reached his wedding with great (2)/
difficulty because of heavy traffic. (3)/ No Error (4)
SSC (CPO) Pre- 2017, 4 July, 2018 Morning
9. He said that he saw him last year, to discuss the documents.
(1) met (2) had seen
(3) seen (4) No improvement
(SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 11.12.2011 (IInd Sitting) Delhi Zone)
10. Hoping not to be disturbed, I sat down in my easy chair to read the book,
I won as a prize.
(1) I had won as a prize (2) I have won as prize
(3) I had to win as a prize (4) No improvement
(SSC Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 21.04.2013, IInd Sitting)
11. She had realized that she had seen him before.

2nd action 1st action

(1) had been realized (2) realized
(3) has realized (4) No improvement
(SSC CHSL (10+2) LDC, DEO & PA/SA Exam, 15.11.2015 (IInd Sitting) TF No. 7203752)
12. He lost the bicycle that his father gifted him.
13. Every one had slept by that time.
Answers
1. (2) Of the two past actions the action that happens earlier is expressed in
Past Perfect Tense.
Hence replace ‘was left’ with ‘had left’.
2. (4) Replace ‘hadn’t’ with ‘didn’t have’.
3. (2) Replace ‘had reached’ with ‘reached’ because If two actions take place
in Past, one after the other, the 1st action will be in Past Perfect Tense
and 2nd in Simple Past Tense.
4. (3) Replace ‘was’ with ‘had’. The structure we follow in this type of
question is
By the time + Simple Past + Past Perfect.
Here two actions took place one after the other in the past.
5. (3) Replace ‘Preceded’ with ‘had Preceded’.
If two actions take place in the past, one after the other, the first
action will be in Past Perfect Tense and 2nd is Simple Past Tense.
6. (3) Replace ‘was begun’ with ‘had begun’
If two actions take place in past one after the other, the first action is
expressed in Past Perfect Tense.
7. (3) If two actions take place in past, one after the others the first action
will be in Past Perfect Tense and the second action in 'Simple Past
Tense'. Hence replace 'left' with 'had left'
8. (1) Correct formation –
Past Perfect ----- before ---- simple past. Use 'had' before 'finished'.
9. (2) Replace ‘saw’ with ‘had seen’. Since the given sentence is in Indirect
Speech.
KD LIVE 86 Class Notes : TENSE
10. (1) Replace ‘I wan as a prize’ with ‘I had won as a prize’. Of two actions
of past, the earliest one comes in Past Perfect Tense.
11. (2) Replace 'had realized' with 'realized'. If two actions take place in Past
one after the other the 1st action comes in Past Perfect Tense and
the 2nd one is Simple Past Tense.
12. 'gifted' changes into 'had gifted‘.
13. Preceded by
के पहले
Past Perfect that time
past
Future Perfect Tense
• Action, which the speaker assumes will have been completedhas or occured in
the future, is expressed in Future Perfect Tense. (जो काय, व ता मान के चलता है क
भ व य म हो चक
ु ा होगा, वह Future Perfect Tense म आता है ।)
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence
(सकारा मक वा य) Subject + will/shall + have + V3 + object

Negative Sentence Subject + will/shall + not + have + V3 + object

(नकारा मक वा य) Subject + won't/shan't + have + V3 + object

Interrogative Sentence Will/shall + Subject + have+ V3 + object ?

( नसू च क वा य) Will/shall + Subject + not + have + V3 + object ?
Won't/shan't + Subject +have + V3 + object ?
1. By the time we will reach the theatre, the show will have begun. (×)
Note:- Here we cannot use double will/ shall. (यहाँ double will/shall का योग
नह ं हो सकता।)
Future Perfect part will have 'will/shall'. The other part will be in Simple
Present Tense. ('will/shall' का योग Future Perfect वाले भाग म होता है | दस ू रे भाग म
Simple Present Tense का योग होगा|)
Correct Sentence By the time we reach the theatre, the show will have
begun.
2. By this time tomorrow, I will reach my home. Answers
(1) will be reaching (2) shall have reached
2. (2) कल इस समय तक म घर
(3) can reach (4) No improvement
पहुँच चुका हुँगा।
(SSC Section Officer (Commercial 3. Change 'I will reach' into
Audit) Exam. 25.09.2005)
'I reach' and 'would have
3. I am late for sure. By the time I will reach the left' into 'will have left'.
station, the train would have left. 4. 'Will have read' is the
4. I ___ (read) four novels by the end of the correct answer as 'by'
vacation. suggests that the end of
the vacation is yet to
come.
KD LIVE 87 Class Notes : TENSE
 Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect

Continuous Continuous Continuous

Action started in the Action started in the Action to continue

past and still going past, continued and up to a certain future
on. (जो काय भूतकाल म finished in the past. point of time. (जो काय
शु हुआ और अभी भी चल (जो काय भूतकाल म शु भ व य के कसी समय तक
रहा हो) हुआ, चला और भूतकाल म जार रहे गा)
ख म हो गया)
जैसेः जैसेः
जैसेः
I have been living in By the end of this
He had been waiting
Delhi since childhood. year, I shall have been
for three hours before
living here for ten
you came.
years.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

has
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence Sub + has/ have + been + V1 + ing + obj+ for/ since +
(सकारा मक वा य) time.
Sub + has/ have + not + been+V1 + ing + obj+ for/ since
Negative Sentence + time.
(नकारा मक वा य) Sub + hasn't/ haven't + been + V1+ ing + obj+ for/ since
+ time.
Has/ have + Sub + + been + V1+ing + obj + for/ since +
time?
Interrogative Sentence
( नसू च क वा य)
Has/have + Sub +not+ been + V1+ing + obj + for/since
+time?
Hasn't/ haven't + Sub + been + V1+ing + obj +
for/since+time?

Verb Based Questions

The verbs which are not used in 'V1 + ing' form cannot come in 'Perfect
Continuous Tense'. They come in 'Perfect Tense'. ( जन verbs का योग 'v1 + ing'
form म नह ं होता उनका योग Perfect Continuous Tense म नह ं कर सकते। उनका योग
Perfect Tense म कर।)
1. I have been liking chocolates since childhood.
Eg. 2. She has been preferring tea to coffee for years.
3. We have been knowing (1)/ each other (2)/ since we were children.
(3)/ No error.(4) (SSC Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 19.05.2013)

KD LIVE 88 Class Notes : TENSE

4. She was ill for five days (1)/ when the doctor (2)/ was sent for. (3)/ No error
(4) (SSC CHSL (10+2) DEO & LDC Exam. 16.11.2014, Patna Region : Ist Sitting)
5. Since July 2008, our customers will be able to use the ATM network of BBY
Bank, the bank that was acquired by us during that year.
(1) have been able to use (2) were using
(3) will have been able to use (4) No improvement
(SSC Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 21.04.2013)
6. I have never been hearing from him since he left for America.
(1) have never heard (2) have never been hearing
(3) was never heard (4) No improvement
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-Exam. (2013) 20.07.2014, Iind Sitting)

Answers
1. Change 'have been liking' into 'have liked'.
2. Change 'has been preferring' into 'has preferred'.
3. (1) Replace ‘have been knowing’ with ‘have known. ‘Know’ is not used in
continuous form.
4. (1) Replace ‘was ill’ with ‘had been ill’ because the work continued in past
for a period of time.
5. (1) The action started in July 2008 and is still going on. Present Perfect
Continuous is the most appropriate tense needed here.
6. (1) Replace ‘have never been hearing’ with ‘have never heard’. ‘Hear’ is a
'non-continuous verb’ and it is not used in Continuous Tense.

Tense Based Questions

1. He is (1)/ residing here (2)/ since 1983. (3)/ No error (4)
(SSC Stenographer (Grade 'C' & 'D' Exam. 09.01.2011)
2. Nalini says that (1)/ she is living in Chennai (2)/ since 1991. (3)/ No error
(4) (SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 21.10.2012 (2nd Sitting))
3. They are residing (1)/ in this city (2)/ for the last two decades. (3)/ No
error (4) (SSC FCI Assistant Grade-III Main Exam. 07.04.2013)
4. Sam is working (1)/ in a bank in Chennai (2)/ for the past five years. (3)/
No error. (4) (SSC Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 19.05.2013)
5. By May next year I have been working in this college for twenty years.
(1) No error (2) By May next year
(3) I have been working in this college (4) For twenty years.
(SSC CGL Tier-I Exam, 09.08.2015 (Ist Sitting) TF No. 1443088)
6. My grandmother has been lives in Shimla since her childhood days.
(1) has been lives (2) her childhood days
(3) My grandmother (4) in Shimla since
CHSL-2018, 10 July, 2019, Evening

KD LIVE 89 Class Notes : TENSE

7. How long are you working here ?
(1) have you been working here ? (2) you are working here ?
(3) were you working ? (4) No improvement
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 06.01.2008)
8. Mayank was working overtime for the last two weeks.
(1) is working (2) is being working
(3) has been working (4) No improvement
(SSC Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 28.11.2010)
9. The fishermen are fishing in the sea from sunrise and will continue to do so
until sunset.
(1) have fished (2) have been fishing
(3) were fishing (4) No improvement
(SSC Stenographer Grade 'C‘ & 'D' Exam. 16.10.2011)
10. The clients are waiting outside since morning and will continue to wait
until you meet them.
(1) have waited (2) have been waiting
(3) were waiting (4) No improvement
(SSC Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 21.04.2013)

Answers
1. (1) Replace ‘is’ with ‘has been’.
2. (2) Replace ‘is living’ with ‘has been living’.
An action that has started in Past and still going on comes under
Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
3. (1) Replace ‘are residing’ with ‘have been residing’.
4. (1) Replace ‘is working’ with ‘has been working’ because the event that
started in the Past and still continuing comes under Present Perfect
Continuous Tense.
5. (3) Since the sentence talks about future time so it should be ‘shall have
been’ in the place of ‘have been’.
6. (1) use ‘living’ in place of ‘lives’. Has been is followed by V1 + ing.
7. (1) Replace ‘are you working here’ with ‘have you been working here’.
Since the given sentence is in Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
8. (3) Replace ‘was working’ with ‘has been working’ because the given
sentence is in Continuous Tense
9. (2) Replace ‘are fishing’ with ‘have been fishing’.
10. (2) Replace ‘are waiting’ with ‘have been waiting’ because ‘the action of
‘waiting’ is still continuing hence Present Perfect Continuous Tense
will come’.

KD LIVE 90 Class Notes : TENSE

 MISCELLANEOUS

1. This custom (1)/ has come down (2)/since times immemorial.(3)/No error.(4)
(SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 11.12.2011 (Ist Sitting (Delhi Zone)
2. I have been writing ten letters since morning.
3. She has been reading four novels since the vacation started.
4. He has been visiting historical monuments since he came to India.
Answers
1. (3) ‘time immemorial’ will replace ‘times immemorial’ because ‘time
immemorial means ‘for longer than any one can remember’.
‘Times’ is countable (बार)
2. Change 'have been writing' into 'have written'. We cannot write ten letters
at one time. We can write one letter after the other.
3. Change 'has been reading' into 'has read'. We cannot read all the four novels
together.
4. No error Preceded by Followed by
के पहले के बाद
since

Present Perfect Simple Past

OR

Present Perfect
Continuous (If action
is still going on)

Use of 'For' & 'Since'

When period/ duration is given, use for.

For जब समय क अव ध का उ लेख हो तब 'for' का योग कर।

All Indefinite Tense

For used in All Perfect Tenses

All Perfect Continuous Tenses

KD LIVE 91 Class Notes : TENSE

 1. I lived in Delhi for ten years.
Eg. 2. I teach you for two hours every day.
3. She will study for three hours every day.
4. I haven't eaten anything for ten hours.
5. He had been ill for ten months before he passed away.
6. I have been living in Delhi for ten years.

Use of 'For' & 'Since'

Since When starting point of time is given, use since.

जब शु आती समय का उ लेख हो तब Since का योग कर।

Perfect Tense
Since used in
Perfect Continuous Tense (Except Future
Perfect Continuous where we use 'from'.)

1 Calendar

2 Clock
used
Since 3 Stages of life
Eg. with
1. Since 2009 year, Since May (Month), 4 Parts of a day
Since Holi (Occasion), Since 7th July
5 Synonyms of Starting
(date), since Monday (Days).
2. Since 7 O'clock, Since 8:30 pm. 3. Since Childhood, Since adolescence.
4. Since morning, Since last night. 5. Since beginning, Since inception.

Long since Comes after the Helping Verb and

(Adv) before the Main Verb

Long ago (past) for a long time

(बहुत पहले) (काफ समय से)
Promises were long We have long since been bosom
Eg. Eg. friends.
since forgotten.

KD LIVE 92 Class Notes : TENSE

1. Our new neighbours (1)/ had been living in Arizona (2)/ since ten years
before moving to their present house. (3)/ No error. (4)
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 09.09.2001)
2. I (1)/ have been studying (2)/since four hours. (3)/ No error (4)
(SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 04.11.2012 (2nd Sitting)
3. I have (1)/ known him (2)/ since two years. (3)/ No error (4)
(SSC Delhi Police Sub-Inspector (SI) Exam. 19.08.2012)
4. I have been (1)/ working in this organization (2)/ since three years. (3)/ No
error (4) (SSC FCI Assistant Grade-III Main Exam. 07.04.2013)
5. I have been waiting for you since two hours.
(1) for you (2) No error
(3) I have been waiting (4) since two hours
(SSC Constable (GD) Exam, 04.10.2015, IInd Sitting)
6. Vipul has been (1)/suffering from fever (2)/since seven days. (3)/No error(4)
SSC CHSL-2016, 17th Jan, Evening
7. She has been (1)/ complaining about headache (2)/ from morning. (3) No
error (4) (SSC (10+2) Stenographer Grade ‘C’ & ‘D’ Exam. 31.01.2016 TF No. 3513283)
8. Neeta served as President (1)/ of the oshinara club (2)/ since ten years (3)/
No error (4) SSC (steno.) 2017, 12 Sept., Morning
9. I have been living in Delhi since many years.
(1) since (2) have been living
(3) in Delhi (4) many years
Stenographer – 2018, (5 Feb., 2019 Evening)
10. My nephew has been in hospital since four weeks because of Mumps.
(1) because of (2) in
(3) since (4) has been
Stenographer – 2018 (6 Feb., 2019 Morning)
11. Mr. Sharma has been living in this city since five years.
(1) for (2) only
(3) from (4) No improvement
(SSC CHSL (10+2) DEO & LDC Exam. 16.11.2014, Patna Region : Ist Sitting)

Answers
1. (3) Replace ‘since’ with ‘for’. ‘For’ is used for duration of time.
2. (3) Replace ‘since’ with ‘for’
For is used for duration of time
Since is used for point of time.
3. (3) Replace ‘since’ with ‘for’.
‘for’ is used for ‘duration of time’
‘since’ is used for ‘point of time’.

KD LIVE 93 Class Notes : TENSE

4. (3) Replace ‘since’ with ‘for’.
‘for’ is used for duration of time.
‘Since’ is used for ‘Point of time’.
5. (4) Replace ‘since’ with ‘for’.
For is used for duration of time.
Since is used for point of time.
6. (3) 'For' is used for duration of time.
'Since' is used for point of time.
Hence replace 'since' with 'for'.
7. (3) Replace ‘from’ with ‘since’.
8. (3) Change 'since' into 'for' because the time period is given.
9. (1) Use 'for' in place of 'since'.
for + period of time
since + point of time
10. (3) Replace 'since' with 'for'.
11. (1) Replace ‘since’ with ‘for’.
‘Since’ is used for ‘point of time’.
‘For’ is used for ‘duration of time’.

From

I will reach home tomorrow in the evening but my mother

Eg.
will have been waiting for me from morning.

Note:- 'Since' comes for only past not for future. For future point
of time use 'from'.

KD LIVE 94 Class Notes : TENSE