MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
YAVATMAL
Dhamangaon Road, Yavatmal-445001

DEPARTMENT OF
CIVIL
ENGINEERING
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS OF STRUCTURE (22602)

Branch: CIVIL ENGINEERING Scheme: ‘I’ Scheme

Year: 3nd year Semester:6th

Micro Project

TOPIC – Causes of dampness and it's repair techniques

Guide By

Lect. P. A. PIMPALKAR

GROUP MEMBER

Roll No.: Name of Student Sign

20 Pranav Makode
29 Tarang Gulhane
42 Yash kandalkar
60 Himanshu Chavhan
61 Shreyank Mungilwar
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION

This is certified that the Micro-project report entitled Causes of

dampness and it's repair technique of the subject of Maintenance and repairs of
structure

Certificate
Of Diploma in Civil Engineering
In the partial fulfillment for the award of Micro-project work as
prescribed by Board of Technical Education, Mumbai for the academic
year2021-2022

Submitted by:

Roll No.: Name of Student Enrolment No.

20 Pranav Makode 1901350290
29 Tarang Gulhane 1901350300
42 Yash Kandalkar 1901350313
60 Himanshu Chavhan 1901350332
61 Shreyank Mungilwar 1901350333

Lect.P. A. Pimpalkar Mr. N. P. Tathe

Guide Head of Department
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering

Dr. R. P. Mogare
Principal
Government polytechnic, Yavatmal
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
With the deep sense of gratitude, we would like to thanks all the people who have lit
our path with their kind guidance. We are very grateful to these intellectuals who did
their best to help during our project work.
It is our proud privilege to express deep sense of gratitude to Dr. R. P. Mogare
Principal of Government Polytechnic, Yavatmal for his comments and kind
permission to complete this project. We remain indebted to Mr. N. P. Tathe H.O.D,
Civil Engineering Department for their timely suggestion and valuable guidance.
The special gratitude goes to Lect.P.A.Pimpalkar , staff mentor and technical staff
members, of Civil Engineering Department for their expensive, excellent and
precious guidance in completion of this work.
I would also like to thank to the company and various construction sites for
preparing this Project Report, I learnt many interesting things about the construction
activities.
We thanks to all the colleagues for their appreciable help for our working project.
With various industry owners or lab technicians to help, it has been our end to
throughout our work to cover the entire project work.
We also thankful to our parents who provided their wishful support for our project
completion in a successful manner.
And lastly, we thanks to our all friends and the people who are directly or indirectly
related to our project work.

Names:
Roll No.: Name of Student
20 Pranav Makode
29 Tarang Gulhane
42 Yash Kandalkar
60 Himanshu Chavhan
61 Shreyank Mungilwar

Place: Yavatmal.
 Part- A : MICRO PROJECT PROPOSAL

Annexure 1
Title : Causes of dampness and it's repair technique

1.1 Aims and Benefits of the Micro-project

• Dampness in building may occur due to bad design, faulty construction and use
of poor quality of materials. Dampness not only affects the life of the building
but also creates unhygienic conditions of the important items of work in the
construction of a building.
• The treatment given to prevent leakage of water from roof is generally termed as
water proofing whereas the treatment given to keep the walls, floors and
basement dry is termed as damp proofing.
1.2 Course Outcome Addresses
a) Select the relevant method of maintaining different building structures.
b) Test the structures to predict its stability.
c) Select the relevant materials for repair of structures.
d) Apply the relevant methods of repair for the masonry structures.
e) Restore the damages of building structural elements using suitable method of
repair.
f) Prepare the structural audit and budget for the maintenance of structures.

1.3 Proposed Methodology

To create a micro project, our guidelines for good presentation firstly

micro project after collecting all required materials we started our work. We
visited so many websites and read some information related to causes of
dampness and it's repairs techniques for collection extra information about
the given topic. Firstly visited some sites to get more information related to
software related to designing steel structures.
 1.4 ACTION PLAN:

Sr no Details of activity Plan start date Plan finish date Name of responsible
team members
1 Teachers gave us many topics Pranav Makode
of micro project Tarang Gulhane
Yash Kandalkar
Himanshu Chavhan
Shreyank Mungilwar

2 We choose topic Names of team members

with Roll No’s,
3 We start our micro project Same as above
4 We make presentation Same as above
And showed to sir
5 Sir gave us correction Same as above
6 We added some extra Same as above
information
7 We write our micro project Same as above
report
8 And finally complete our Same as above
micro project

1.5 Resource Required:

Sr. Name Of Resources Specification Quantity

No
1 Computer System i3 - preferable ram 4 GB 1
2 Pages A4 Size Page

Annexure II

PART-B MICROPROJECTREPORT
 Title :-“Causes of dampness and it's repair technique”

1.0. Rationale
For civil engineering technologist to understand the behaviour of various structural
components for developing for insights for the design concepts and will help the students in
quality supervision on site. Design of steel and RCC structures in the core subject o civil
engineering. For the design of steel, different steel sections various grades and steel and
strength characterisics

2.0Aims and benefits of the micro project:

“Are aim is to Study of various software used for design of steel structures and give
details of the software"
Benefits of performing this micro project is we learn more about different software
used for design of steel structures.

3.0 Course Outcome Address:

4 a) Use steel table and IS Code 800:2007 at work sites.
5 b) Design the connections for the given steel joints.
6 c) Analysis and design of singly reinforced rectangular beam.
7 d) Design of shear reinforcement and development length for beam and slab.
8 e) Design various slabs for the given edge conditions.
9 f) Design of axially loaded short columns and footings.

4.0 Literature Review:

Dampness is the welling of structural elements through moisture rise by capillary action (Seeley, 1994),
Dampno indication of the moisture content of the air present in a space, is an important fa hich determines the
quality of the air in relation to human health and comfort and more importantly, its effects on the structural
integrity of materials in buildings (Hyvarinen et al., 2002; Canadian Wood Council, CWC, 2000; King et al.,
2000). Dampness in buildings can cause a number of problems, including the destruction of timber, blocks,
bricks, ineffective insulation due to cold bridging and the increased risk of mold growth (Hyvarinen et al.,
2002; CWC, 2000; King et al., 2000). Dampness in buildings can arise from a number of different sources and
can cause a

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed:-

To create a micro project on guidelines required for good presentation firstly
micro project after collecting all required materials we started our work
First all of we referred some books and also searched on internet related to our
micro project, we used this information for creation of our micro project. Then
we started creating a project

6.0 Resource Required:

Sr. No Name Of Resources Specification Quantity
1 Computer System i3 preferable ram 4 GB 1
2 Pages A4 Size Page 44

7.0 Output of the micro project:

• By the help of this micro project we are able to understand

important of Design of steel structures in day to day life.
• Understand how to use software of steel designing.
• We are able to use Various Type of steel Designing software.

8.0 Skill developed:

o We are able to understand important of steel design software for civil engineers
o Leadership/Management Skills Developed while creating Micro project.

9.0 Application of Micro project:

• We learned the all the purpose and important of steel Design software for a civil
engineers.
• We developed our skill by Learning various applications of designing software.
 10.0
References:
https://SlideShare.net
https://wikipedia.com
https://www.researchgate.net
https://amsi.org.in
http://web.pdx.com

Literature Review:-
Sr. Title Of Book Author Publication
No
1 Limit state design of Shah, V.L. Structures publications pune
steel structures Gore, Veena ISBN:13 1234567170961

2 Design of steel Dayarathnam,P. S.Chand and company, Delhi

structures ISBN-13:978-8121923200

8
INTRODUCTION

• Dampness is a state between wet and dry condition. Damping in building

is one of the important aspects to consider during building
design/construction. If neglected, it will affect the building structure
adversely and will create unhygienic condition for the persons living in
that building.
• Damping occurs through the penetration of water into the building
components (such as walls, floors, roof or basement etc).
• Dampness in building may occur due to bad design, faulty construction
and use of poor quality of materials. Dampness not only affects the life of
the building but also creates unhygienic conditions of the important items
of work in the construction of a building.
• The treatment given to prevent leakage of water from roof is generally
termed as water proofing whereas the treatment given to keep the walls,
floors and basement dry is termed as damp proofing.

Sources of Dampness in Building

The important sources of dampness may be summarized as below:
• Dampness rising through the foundation walling. Moisture from wet
ground may rise well above the ground level on account of capillary
action.
• Splashing rain water which rebounds after hitting the wall surface may
also cause dampness.
• Penetration of rain water through unprotected tops of walls, parapet,
compound walls, etc may cause dampness.
• In case of sloped roofs, rain water may percolate through defective roof
covering. In addition faulty eaves course and eave or valley gutters may
allow the rain water to descend through the top supporting wall and cause
dampness.
• In case of flat roofs, inadequate roof slopes, improper rainwater pipe
connections, and defective junction between roof slab and parapet wall
may prove to be the source of dampness.

Causes of Dampness in Buildings

9
 ➢ Absorption of moisture by the building materials is one of the chief
causes of dampness. On account of granular nature of materials, moisture
finds an easy access through the voids and this aided by capillary action
assists the moisture to travel in different directions.
➢ Thus, either on account of faulty design of structure or bad workmanship
or by use of defective structures or by use of defective materials, moisture
may find its way on the interior of the building either through the wall,
floor or roof.
➢ Following are the causes of dampness explain below:-
A)Poor quality of construction material
• Most of the construction materials such as concrete, brick or plaster
possess interconnected void within them.
• When these materials come in contact with water, water finds a path
to penetrate into these voids. Again
this water when aided by capillary
action; moves in different direction
causing dampness.
B) Faulty construction or bad
workmanship
• Suppose a designer has specified that
the thickness of damp-proof-course
must be 15 mm. but due to lack of
adequate supervision, the thickness of
completed damp proof course become
10 mm. then this will not serve the purpose for which it is constructed
and consequently it will lead to
dampness in building.
C) Defective damp proof course
(DPC):
• This is the worst source of ingress
of moisture in buildings to cause
dampness.
D) Leaking pipes through

10
 This can occur through:
a) Old bathroom pipes with
damaged seals around baths and
showers.
b) Corroded water pipes that are
inside the walls
c) Rusted downpipes
d) Holes in the downpipes
e) Leaking of water from the pipe
joints
E . Capillary action from
Groundwater

• Dampness rising through the foundation walling. Moisture from wet

ground may rise well above the ground level on account of capillary
action.

6. Splashing rain water which rebounds after hitting the wall surface may
also cause dampness.

7. Penetration of rain water through

unprotected tops of walls, parapet,
compound walls, etc.
a) In case of flat roofs, inadequate roof
slopes, improper rain water pipe
connections, and defective junction
between roof slab and parapet wall
may prove to be the source of
dampness.
b) Rain water falling on external walls,
parapets also causes dampness. In case of sloped roofs, rain water may
percolate through defective roof covering. In addition faulty eaves course
and eave or valley gutters may allow the rain water to descend through
the top supporting wall and cause dampness.

8. Presence of gutter near the building will store the rain water and
subsequently this water will create dampness in the external walls.

11
9. Wet areas of buildings (such as
kitchens, bath rooms) having sub
standard plumbing fittings can also be
a source of dampness.

B. COMMON DEFECTS CAUSED

BY DAMPING
1.Damage of paints: Paints on the wall get bleached, flaked and blistered
2. Growth of vegetation (on the walls) and termites.
3. Deterioration of floor coverings
4. Peeling and crumbling of plaster/paint
5. Damage to electrical installations and short circuiting
6. Reduce the life span of the building
7. It causes corrosion of metals.
8. Unhygienic and health risk to the occupants.

C. TREATMENT OF DAMPING IN BUILDINGS

Installation of Damp Proof Material
A physical damp proof course made from plastic can be installed into an
existing building by cutting into short sections of the mortar course, and
installing short sections of the damp
proof course material. This method can
provide an extremely effective barrier to
rising damp, but is not widely used as it
requires experienced contractors to carry
out if structural movement is to be
avoided and takes considerably longer to
install than other types of rising damp
treatment.
The cost is also several times higher than
for other types of rising damp treatment.

12
Also the damped area can be removed in stages, the lower course cleaned and
dressed, then new mortar, DPC and bricks replaced in situ.
2. Application of Cement Wash

In this method, a solution of cement in water of thin consistency is prepared

with adhesive gum. This solution is applied after cleaning the surface
3. Injection of Liquid Damp Proof Products

The effectiveness of liquid injection

damp proofing products is dependent
on the type of formulation and the
skill of the installer. In practice
injection times tend to be lower than
those required to provide a damp
proof course of optimum
effectiveness.
Step 1:
Approximately 75mm -150mm above the external ground level drill 12mm
holes in the mortar joint at 120mm spacings. The holes should be drilled to
within 10mm - 20mm of the oposite face. Clear dust and debris from the holes.

Step 2:
Using a low pressure injection
unit or cartridge applicator gun put
the injection lance or nozzle into
the back of the bore hole and start
to fill with the Damp Proofing
Cream. As the hole starts to fill up
pull back the lance/ nozzle ensuring the hole is full. Once the hole has been
filled move on to the next bore hole and repeat the injection process.

13
Over the next 7-10 days the Damp Proofing Cream should revert back to its
liquid phase and penetrate deep into the masonry substrate creating the new
damp proof course. Once the cream has fully dissipated from the hole the bore
hole can either be filled with waterproof sand and cement or a plastic DPC Plug.

Step 3:
Following the insertion of the new
Damp Proof Course it is important
that the re- plastering
specification is strictly adhered to and
that the plasterer carrying out
the work is made aware of the
importance of the re-plastering being carried out to specification in conjunction
with the insertion of the Chemical DPC.

14