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    NMR Geophysics For Groundwater Inves Ga Ons: Dave Walsh October 13, 2016

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    Deepak Kumar
    This document provides an overview of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) geophysics for groundwater investigations. It discusses how NMR geophysics can directly quantify water content, pore size, and estimate permeability, unlike traditional geophysical methods. The document outlines how NMR logging and surface NMR work, and provides examples of NMR logging data from various sites to characterize aquifers and identify low-permeability zones.

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    NMR Geophysics For Groundwater Inves Ga Ons: Dave Walsh October 13, 2016

    Uploaded by

    Deepak Kumar
    24 views22 pages
    This document provides an overview of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) geophysics for groundwater investigations. It discusses how NMR geophysics can directly quantify water content, pore size, and estimate permeability, unlike traditional geophysical methods. The document outlines how NMR logging and surface NMR work, and provides examples of NMR logging data from various sites to characterize aquifers and identify low-permeability zones.

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    NMR LOG

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    This document provides an overview of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) geophysics for groundwater investigations. It discusses how NMR geophysics can directly quantify water content, pore size, and estimate permeability, unlike traditional geophysical methods. The document outlines how NMR logging and surface NMR work, and provides examples of NMR logging data from various sites to characterize aquifers and identify low-permeability zones.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views22 pages

    NMR Geophysics For Groundwater Inves Ga Ons: Dave Walsh October 13, 2016

    Uploaded by

    Deepak Kumar
    This document provides an overview of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) geophysics for groundwater investigations. It discusses how NMR geophysics can directly quantify water content, pore size, and estimate permeability, unlike traditional geophysical methods. The document outlines how NMR logging and surface NMR work, and provides examples of NMR logging data from various sites to characterize aquifers and identify low-permeability zones.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 22

    NMR

    Geophysics
    for Groundwater Inves=ga=ons


    Dave Walsh
    October 13, 2016

    10/21/16 1
    NMR Geophysics for Groundwater

    •  Tradi=onal Geophysics Provides:


    –  Acous=c Impedance (Seismic)
    –  Electrical Resis=vity (ERT/EM/MT)
    –  Dielectric Constant (GPR)
    –  Hydrogeologic Proper.es are Inferred

    •  NMR Geophysics Provides
    –  Direct Quan=fica=on of Water Content
    –  Sensi=vity to Pore Size
    –  Es=ma=on of Permeability
    –  Hydrogeologic Proper.es are Directly Characterized
    Nuclear Magne=c Resonance (NMR)

    H2O

    Medical MRI NMR Geophysics


    Hydrologic Proper=es from NMR

    Geologic Material NMR Signal


    Hydrologic Proper=es from NMR

    Geologic Material NMR Signal

    S0 ∝ 𝜙

    NMR Provides
    •  Water Content
    •  Porosity (Lithology Independent)
    Hydrologic Proper=es from NMR

    Geologic Material NMR Signal

    T2 ∝ pore size
    Pore

    Grain

    NMR Provides
    •  Water Content
    •  Porosity (Lithology Independent)

    •  Pore Size V/S


    Hydrologic Proper=es from NMR

    Geologic Material

    bound mobile
    S(t)

    Mul=-exp Decay T2 Distribu=on

    NMR Provides
    •  Water Content •  Pore Size V/S Distribu=on
    •  Porosity (Lithology Independent) •  Bound versus Mobile WC
    •  Pore Size V/S
    Hydrologic Proper=es from NMR

    ​𝑆↓0 ∝𝜙 ​ ↓2 ∝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒


    𝑇
    bound mobile

    K
    ​𝐾↓𝐾𝐶 =​𝜙/𝜏​(𝑆/
    𝑉)↑2   
    S(t) T2 Distribu=on
    ​𝐾↓𝑆𝐷𝑅 =​𝑏↓𝑆𝐷𝑅↑ 
    𝑇↓2↑2 ​𝑆↓0↑𝑁 

    NMR Provides
    •  Water Content •  Pore Size V/S Distribu=on
    •  Porosity (Lithology Independent) •  Bound versus Mobile WC
    •  Pore Size V/S •  Permeability
    Logging NMR vs. Surface NMR
    Logging NMR Surface NMR

    Logging NMR: Surface NMR:


    •  Requires borehole (drilling cost) •  Non-invasive (no drilling cost)
    •  Depth range 1000s of meters •  Max depth range 100 meters
    •  Ver=cal resolu=on ~ 0.5m •  Ver=cal resolu=on ~ 2 – 20m
    •  Data depends on borehole condi=ons •  Can’t use in noisy urban areas
    •  Measures water in all pore sizes •  Measures water in med-large
    pores only (not clay)

    NMR Logging Data Interpreta=on
    •  Ver=cal resolu=on 0.5m (determined by length of coil in probe)
    •  Processing automated in packaged soaware

    •  Interpreta=on yields detailed characteriza=on of aquifer structure and
    proper=es (bound/mobile water content, permeability)

    Straighborward Interpreta=on
    •  Ver=cal resolu=on 0.5m (determined by length of coil in probe)
    •  Processing automated in packaged soaware

    •  Interpreta=on yields detailed characteriza=on of aquifer structure and
    proper=es (bound/mobile water content, permeability)

    China Lake, CA 2016

    E2

    D2

    B2
    Navy Well D2, NMR Log

    Silt/Clay

    Water
    table
    Navy Well D2, Surface NMR Inversion

    Silt/Clay

    Water
    table
    Navy Well E2, NMR Logging

    Silt/Clay

    ~ Water table

    Foul smelling
    water at
    bodom of well
    Navy Well B02, NMR Logging

    ~ Water table
    (?)

    Bedrock
    Leque Island WA, DP NMR and Surface NMR

    1st aquifer

    2nd aquifer

    White dashed lines indicate maximum resolu9on depth for surface NMR data.
    Denver Water ASR Pilot Study 2015
    NMR Logging
    40th & Colorado 40th & Lima
    Chandler AZ, NMR Logging, 2016
    Wireline NMR Tool Max Depth 1000m
    Iden=fying Low-K Bound Water Zones
    NMR Logging
    Silt bound water
    in the vadose zone

    Water table at 20m

    Sand with
    interbedded
    silt layers


    Silt at 66m

    Silt at 71 - 74m

    Silt at 83m

    Bedrock at 98m
    3.5” PVC well
    Acknowledgements

    •  This work was supported by in part by US Department of Energy Grant #


    DE-FG02-07ER84931 and DE-SC0006376. Any opinions, findings, and
    conclusions or recommenda=ons expressed in this material are those of
    the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US
    Department of Energy.

    •  Special thanks to:
    •  Denver Water
    •  Leonard Rice Engineering
    •  Mike Gehrig
    •  US Geological Survey
    •  Kansas Geological Survey
    •  Stanford University
    •  Southwest Explora=on Services



    Javelin NMR Logging Tool

    •  Permanent magnets in probe polarize hydrogen



    •  Coils in probe transmit RF pulses to excite
    and measure NMR signal

    •  Sensi=ve zone is outside zone disturbed by drilling

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