Lkekdyu ( Integration ) ∫

lekdyu] vodyu&xq.kkad dk Bhd foykse izfdz;k gSA tgkaW vodyu dk vFkZ ?kVkuk rks lekdyu dk vFkZ tksM+uk gS A
vFkkZr~
Integration is the Just opposite Process Of Differentiation
;fn F(x) Qyu dk vody xq.kkad f(x) gks vFkkZr~ F(x)= f(x) gks
vFkok ∫ / F(x) =∫ f(x) ¼ nksukas rjQ lekdyu fpUg yxkus ij ½
rks F(x)=∫ f(x)
;k ∫ f(x) = F(x)+c tgkaW c = ¼ vpj ½
;k f(x) dk lekdyu x ds lkis{k F(x)+c gSa tks fd vfuf”pr lekdyu dks n”kkZrk gSA
tSls % & Differentiation ⇔
Integration
= rks ∫ = + c
( ) = 1 rks ∫ 1 = + c
(sin ) = cos rks ∫ cos = sin + c
(cos ) = −sin rks ∫ − sin = cos + c
(tan ) = rks ∫ − = tan + c
(cosec ) = −cosec cot rks ∫ − cosec cot = cosec + c
(sec ) = sec tan rks ∫ sec tan = sec + c
(cot ) = −cose rks ∫ −cose = cot + c
1
(sec ) = rks ∫ = sin 1 + c
√ 1 2
1
(cos )= rks ∫ = cos + c
√ 1 2
1
(tan )= rks ∫ = tan + c
1
(cot )= rks ∫ = cot + c
1
(sin )= 2
rks ∫ 2
= sec + c
1
(cosec )= 2
rks ∫ 2
= cosec + c

(e ) = e rks ∫ e d = e + c
(a ) = a log a rks ∫ a log a d = a + c
(log e ) = rks ∫ d = log e + c
(log a ) = log a rks ∫ log a d = log a + c
mijksDr leLr lw= vodyu ,oa blds foijhr lekdyu ds ekud #i esa n”kkZ;s x;s gSa ftldk iz;ksx lekdyu laca/kh
ljy iz”uksa ds gy djus esa fd;k tkrk gSaA ftuesa dqN mnkgj.k fuEuor~ gSaA on next page →
iz”u 01- ∫ ( +b +c) d dks gy djsaA
gy% ¼I½ ∫ ( +b +c) d
= ∫ ( d +b ∫ . d + ∫ c. d
= . + + + mRrj.

iz”u 02- ∫ sec (sec + tan ) d dks gy djsaA
gy% ¼I½ ∫ sec (sec + tan ) d
= ∫ sec . +∫ sec . tan . d
= (tan + sec + c) mRrj.


iz”u 03- ∫
d

gy% ¼I½ ∫
d


=∫
d − ∫
d
= ∫ d − 3 ∫

= 2 tan -3sec + c mRrj.

lekdyu ds rjhds Different ways for Integration

1- Integration by substitution izfrLFkkiu }kjk lekdyu

2- Integration by parts [k.M k% lekdyu
3- Integration as sum of limits ;ksx lhek ds #i esa lekdyu
4- Definite Integration with some special properties and based with
previous idefinite integration fo ks’k xq.kksa ds vk/kkj ij fuf pr lekdyuA

01- Integration by substitution izfrLFkkiu }kjk lekdyu

bl fof/k ds vUrZxr f=dks.kferh; loZlfedk,W] ifjes; Qyuksa ds lekdyu ,oa vkaf”kd fHkUuksa ds iz”uksa esa
dqN fuEuor~ ekud lw=ksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSa tks fd Lkej.kh; gksA


∫ tan = log | sec | + cos 2 = 2 cos -1 = 1-2sin =


∫ cot = log | sin | + sin2 = 2 sin cos =

∫ sec = log | sec + tan | + cos 3 = 4 cos - 3 cos
∫ cosec = log | cosec − cot | + sin 3 = 3 sin − 4 sin on next page →
 ( )

∫
= tan + c ∫
d = ∫

( )
∫
= log + c ∫
d = ∫

√ √

∫
= log + c = + , a is not equal to b
( )( ) ( ) ( )

∫ = log| + √ 2 − |+ c = +
2 ( ) ( ) ( )

∫ = log| + √ 2 + |+ c = + +
2 ( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )


= +

( )( ) ( ) ( )

Lej.kh; ckrsa %&

√ , sin(log ), e , e ,

, sin(cos ), sin (a + )…………… bR;kfn esa √ ,
(log ), − 1 , 2 + 3 , , cos , (a + ) vfn #i okys iz”uksa esa izfrLFkkiu ds rkSj ij
vFkok j[krs gSa rc lekdyu djus ls iz”uksa dk gy vklkuh ls gks tkrk gSA

lkf/kr mnkgj.k %&
iz 01-
dk lekdyu djsaA

gYk%& ekuk fd I = ∫
d

iqUk% ekuk fd 1 + = t
nksuks rjQ vodyu djus ij
0 + 2 d = dt
;k 2 d = dt
vr% I = ∫
= log t + C

= log(1 + ) + C mRrj-
( )
iz 02-
dk lekdyu djsaA
( )
gYk%& ekuk fd I = ∫
d

iqUk% ekuk fd tan =
nksuks rjQ vodyu djus ij

= dt
vr% I = ∫ sin t dt
= − cos +
= cos (tan ) + c mRrj- on next page →
iz 03- cot sin dk lekdyu djsaA
gYk%& ekuk fd I = ∫ cot sin d
iqUk% ekuk fd sin =
nksuks rjQ vodyu djus ij

= dt
;k cot d = dt
vr% I = ∫ t dt

= + c
( )
= + c mRrj-
iz 04-
dk lekdyu djsaA

gYk%& ekuk fd I = ∫

( )
tgkWa
=
-------------------------------------------- I
( )
=

( )

=

nksuksa rjQ ls leku xq.kkadks dh rqyuk djus ij
6A = 5 vr% A = vkSj 2A+B = -2

;k B = -2-2A=-2-2× = −
( )
vr% lehdj.k I ls
=

( )
∫
= ∫

( )
=
− ∫

)
= log(1 + 2 + 3 − --------------------II
tgkW II = ∫
= ∫

= ∫
on next page →
( ) ( )
 = ∫

( ) ( / )

=1/√2 tan + c
√2
)
vr% lehdj.k II ls ∫ = log(1 + 2 + 3 − tan + c mRrj-
√2 √2

iz 05- ( ) (
dk lekdyu djsaA
)

gYk%& ekuk fd ( ) (
= ( )
+

) ( )

( ) ( )( )
= ( ) (

)

= ( ) (

)
(
A + B) + ( − ) + (A − )
=
( − 1) ( + 1) ( − 1) ( + 1)
nksuksa rjQ ls leku xq.kkadks dh rqyuk djus ij
A+B=0, C-B=1 , A-C=0 bUgas gy djus ij C= , B= , A=

vr% ∫ 2
= ∫ - ∫ 2
+ ∫ 2

( 1) ( 1) ( ) ( 1) ( 1)

= log( − 1) − ∫ 2
+ ∫ 2

( 1) ( 1)
2
= log( − 1) − log ( + 1)+ tan−1 + C mRrj-

vH;kl gsrq iz”u%&

01- ∫
1+sin

2
02- ∫ 2 +3 +2
( +2)
03-∫
2 2 +6 +5

04- ∫ 2 13

05- ∫ ( −1)2 ( +2)

06- ∫ sin 4 sin 8

on next page →
 2- Integration by parts [k.M k% lekdyu
;fn u vkSj v , x ds nks pj Qyu gksa rks [k.M k% lekdyu dk lw= fuEuor~ gksxk%&
¼izFke Qyu × f}rh; Qyu½ dk lekdyu = izFke Qyu × f}rh; Qyu dk lekdyu &[f}rh; Qyu dk lekdyu
× izFke Qyu dk vodyu] dk lekdyu
vFkkZr~

∫ . = ∫ − ∫ [∫ . ]
vkSj esa ls izFke ;k f}rh; fu/kkZj.k djus ds fy, ILATE dh enn ysrs gSaA
tgkW I= Inverse , L= Log , A=Algebra, T=Trigonometry, E= Exponential
bu “kCnksa esa tks “kCn igys vk;sxk mls izFke vkSj ckn esa vkus okys “kCn f}rh; le>k tk;sxkA

lkf/kr mnkgj.k %&

iz0 1- ∫ sec2 d
gy% ILATE }kjk = I vkSj sec = II ekuus ij

I = × ∫ sec d − ∫[(∫ sec )× ]

= − ∫ tan × 1d
= − log sec + mRrj-

iz0 2 dk lekdyu Kkr djsaA
√

gy%& I = ∫ d
√

ekuk fd sin = vr% = sin t

nksuksa rjQ vodyu djus ij

2
= dt
1

vr% I = ∫ t sint dt

= t× ∫ sint dt &∫ [ (∫ sint dt) × ]
= t (&cost) & ∫(− cos t) dt
= &t cost + sint + c
= & sin cos(sin )+ sin(sin ) + c mRrj-

vH;kl gsrq iz”u%&

2
01- ∫ ( )

02- ∫ tan

03- ∫
√
on next page →
 3- Integration as sum of limits ;ksx lhek ds #i esa lekdyu

;ksxQy dh lhek ds #i esa fuf pr lekdyu dk gy Kkr djus ds fy, ge fuEu lw=
dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA
∫ ( ) = lim h [ f(a)+f(a+h)+f (a+2h)+………………………………..+f {a+(n-1)h}]
ℎ→0

tgkaW a = fuEu lhek] b = mPp lhek vkSj n = ;k nh = b – a
h
ftlds vUrxZr vkSj Hkh fuEu lw=kas dh vko ;drk gy djus esa iM+ ldrh gSA
( )
01- ∑ = + + … … … … . + = izkd`r la[;kvksa dk ;ksxA
( )( )
02- ∑ = 1 + 2 + 3 … … … … . + = izkd`r la[;kvksa ds oxkZsa dk ;ksxA
( )
03- ∑ = 1 + 2 + 3 … … … … . + = izkd`r la[;kvksa ds ?kuksa dk ;ksxA
( )
04- a + ar + ar +…………………………..+ ar = xq0 Js0 ds inksa dk ;ksxA

lkf/kr iz”u%& 01- ;ksxQy lhek ds #i esa fuf”pr lekdyu djsa%& ∫

gy%& pwWfd ∫ ( ) = lim h [ f(a)+f(a+h)+f (a+2h)+………………………………..+f {a+(n-1)h}]………….(I)

ℎ→0
;gkWa a = 2, b = 3 vr% nh = b – a = 3 – 2 = 1 vFkkZr~ nh = 1
vkSj f(a) = f(2) = 2 , f(a+h) = (a+h ) = (2+ h) , f (a+2h) = (a+2h) = (2+2h) …………………...f{a+(n-1)h } =
{a+(n-1)h} = {2+(n-1)h}
vr% lehdj.k (I) ls
∫
= lim h [2 + (2 + h) + (2+2h) +………………………+f{2+(n-1)h} ] = lim h [2 + (2 + 2.2h+h ) +
→ →
{2 +2(2.2h)+(2h) ………………………+2 +2.2(n-1) h+(n-1) h
= lim h[(2 + 2 + 2 + ⋯ … … . to n terms)+4h(1+2+3+………….+(n-1)+ h {1 + 2 + 3 … + (n − 1) }]
→
2
= lim ℎ [2 . n + 4h. n. + h (n − 1)n ]
→ 2 6
2
= lim [2 . nh + 4nh. 2
+ (nh − h)nh
6
]
→
2.
= lim [2 . 1 + 4.1 2
+ (1 − 0)1
6
]
→
1
= 4+ 2+
3

= mRrj-
3

vH;kl gsrq iz”u%&

01- ∫ e dk ;ksxQy lhek #i esa lekdyu djsaA
]02- ∫ ( + 1) dk ;ksxQy lhek #i esa lekdyu djsaA

03- ∫ dk ;ksxQy lhek #i esa lekdyu djsaA on next page →


4- Definite Integration with some special properties and based with
previous idefinite integration fo ks’k xq.kksa ds vk/kkj ij fuf pr lekdyu

fuf”pr lekdyu ds vUrxZr dqN fo”ks’k xq.kksa dk mi;ksx djus ij fuf”pr lekdyu ds iz”u vklkuh ls
gy gks tkrs gSa tks bl izdkj gSa&

01- ∫ ( ) = ∫ () 02- ∫ ( ) = − ∫ ( )
03. ∫ ( ) = ∫ ( ) +∫ ( )
04. ∫ ( ) = ∫ ( + − )
05. ∫ ( ) = ∫ ( − )
2
06. ∫0 ( ) = 2 ∫0 ( ) ;fn (2 − ) = ( )
= 0 ;fn (2 − ) = − ( )
07. ∫ ( ) = 2 ∫0 ( ) ;fn (− ) = ( ) le Qyu
= 0 ;fn (− ) = − ( ) fo’ke Qyu
tgkWa ∫− esa &a = fuEu lhek rFkk a = mPp lhek

lkf/kr rFkk ifj’knh; ekWMy iz”u%&

01- ∫ e 2 dk lekdyu djsaA

2
gy%& ekuk fd = t vr% 2 =
tc = 0 rks =0
tc = 1 rks =1
1
vr% = ∫0
2

= [ ] ¼lhek 0 ls 1½
2

= [ − ]
2

= ( − 1 ) mRrj-
2

02- ∫ sec +tan
dk lekdyu Kkr djsaA

gy%& ekuk fd I = ∫ sec +tan
………………………….(I)
( )
I = ∫ sec +tan ………………………….(II)

I vkSj II dks tksM+us ij %&

2I = ∫ sec
+ −
+tan

on next page →

;k I = 2 ∫ sec +tan


= ∫ 2 2
× sec − tan
2 0
2
I = ∫0 × sec dx - ∫0 se . + ∫0 1
2 2 2

= [sec ] − [tan ]+ [ ] (lhek 0 ls rd)

= [sec − sec 0]- [ tan − tan 0 ] + [ − 0]
2

= (−1 − 1)- (0-0)+ .
2
= ( – ) mRrj-
2

03- ∫ | 5 − 3| dk lekdyu Kkr djsaA
3
gy%& pwafd |5 − 3| = (5 − 3) tc 5 − 3 ≥ 0 → ≥
5
3
= − (5 − 3) tc 5 − 3 < 0 → <
5
3
1
vr% ∫ | 5 − 3| = ∫0 | 5 − 3
5 + ∫3 | 5 − 3
5
3
1
= − ∫0 ( 5 − 3) 5 + ∫3 ( 5 − 3)
5
2 2
3 3
= [ 3 − ] + [ - 3 ] (0 ls 5 rFkk ls 1 fuEu lhek vkSj mPp lhek ½
2 2 5
9
= ( − ) + ( − + )
5 10 10

= mRrj-

vH;kl gsrq ifj’knh; ekWMy iz”u %&

√
01- ∫ 2 dk lekdyu Kkr djsaA
√ √

02- ∫ dk lekdyu Kkr djsaA
cos2

03. ∫ dk lekdyu Kkr djsa
2 cos2 2 2

04- ∫ 4 log(1+tan ) dk lekdyu Kkr djsaA
8
05. ∫ | − 5| dk lekdyu Kkr djsaA

PREPARED BY : R.P PRASAD. LECT.IN MATHEMATICS

AND INCHARGED PRINCIPAL; G.I.C PIPALKOTE. PITHORAGARH