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com/

Very Short Answer Type Questions

[1MARK]

Que 1. How many zeros does cubic polynomial has?

Sol. A cubic polynomial has three zeros.
Que 2. Write the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of (x – 2)3
Sol. (𝑥 − 2)3 = 𝑥 3 − 3 × 𝑥 2 × 2 + 3 × 𝑥 × 22 − 23 = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 – 8
Clearly the coefficient of x2 is -6.

Que 3. Find the value of ∮ (𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟑 at 𝒙 = −𝟐.

om
Sol.

.c
∮ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 3

ns
io
∮ (−2) = 2(−2)2 + 7(−2) + 3

t
lu
= 8 − 14 + 3 = 11 − 14 = −3
so
𝟑
k
𝟐 𝟒𝒙𝟐
oo

Que 4. Is 𝒙 + a Polynomial? Justify your answer.

√𝒙
rtb

Sol. Yes,
ce

3
.n

4𝑥 2 3 1
𝑥2 + = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 × 𝑥 −2
w

√𝑥
w
//w

3 1
= 𝑥 + 2
4𝑥 2−2 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
s:

Que 5. Write the coefficient of y in the expansion of (5 – y) 2.

tp
ht

Sol.
(5 − 𝑦)2 = 25 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑦. 𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 − 10.
𝟏
Que 6. Find the value of polynomial 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 𝟒.

Sol. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑥) = 12𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 1

1 1 2 1 1 7
𝑝 ( ) = 12 × ( ) − 7 × + 1 = 12 × − +1
4 4 4 16 4
3 7 3−7+4 7−7
= − +1= = =0
4 4 4 4

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Que 7. 𝑰𝒇 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 = 𝟎, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒘𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 + 𝒄𝟑 ?

Sol. We know 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐𝑎)
𝐴𝑠 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0
∴ 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 0
⇒ 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 = 3𝑎𝑏𝑐

om
Que 8. Find the value of 𝟓𝟏𝟑𝟐 − 𝟓𝟏𝟐𝟐 .

.c
5132 − 5122 = (513 + 512)(513 − 512)

ns
= 1025 × 1 = 1025

t io
lu
Que 9. Find the zero of the polynomial 𝒑(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑.
so
Sol. For zero of the Polynomial 𝑝(𝑥), 𝑤𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝(𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 = 0
k
oo

3
⇒ 2𝑥 = −3 ⇒𝑥=−
rtb

2
ce

Que 10. Give an example of a polynomial which is

.n

(i) Monomial of degree 1.

w
w

(ii) Binomial of degree 20.

//w

(iii) Trinomial of degree 2.

s:

Sol. (i) Required polynomial should have one term with highest power of the variable 1.
tp
ht

∴ 𝑥 𝑜𝑟 9𝑦 𝑜𝑟 − 4𝑎 are some of the possible polynomials.

(ii) Required polynomial should have two terms with highest power of the variable 20.
∴ 𝑦 20 + 9 𝑜𝑟 8𝑥 + 𝑥 20 𝑜𝑟 𝑚3 − 9𝑚20 are some of the possible polynomials.
(iii) Required polynomial should have three terms with highest power of the variable 2.
∴ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 2 + 8𝑦 + 11 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 − 7 are some of the possible polynomials.

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Short Answer Type Questions – I

[2 marks]

Que 1. If x + 1 Is a factor of the polynomial 3x2 –kx, then find the value of k.
Sol. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑘𝑥, 𝑎𝑠 (𝑥 + 1) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝(𝑥)
𝑆𝑜, 𝑝(−1) = 0 𝑖. 𝑒., 3(−1)2 − 𝑘(−1) = 0 ⇒ 𝑘 = −3
Que 2. Find the value of k, if y+3 is a factor of 3y2 + ky + 6.
Sol. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑦) = 3𝑦 2 + 𝑘𝑦 + 6

om
𝐴𝑠 𝑦 + 3 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝(𝑦), 𝑠𝑜 𝑝(−3) = 0

.c
𝑖. 𝑒. , 3(−3)2 + 𝑘(−3) + 6 = 0

ns
io
⇒ 27 − 3𝑘 + 6 = 0 ⇒ 33 − 3𝑘 = 0

t
⇒ −3𝑘 = −33
lu
⇒ 𝑘 = 11
so
Que 3. Find the value of a, if x – a is a factor of x3 – ax2 + 2x + a – 1.
k
oo

Sol. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑎 − 1

rtb

𝐴𝑠 (𝑥 − 𝑎) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝(𝑥), 𝑠𝑜 𝑝(𝑎) = 0, 𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝑎3 − 𝑎. 𝑎2 + 2𝑎 + 𝑎 − 1 = 0

ce

⇒ 3𝑎 − 1 = 0
.n
w

1
w

⇒ 𝑎=
3
//w

Que 4. If ∮ (𝒛) = 𝒛𝟐 − 𝟑√𝟐 𝒛 − 𝟏, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 ∮ (𝟑√𝟐).

s:
tp

Sol. ∮ (𝑧) = 𝑧 2 − 3√2 𝑧 − 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∮ (3√2).

ht

2
⇒ ∮ (3√2) = (3√2) − 3√2(3√2) − 1 = 9 × 2 − 9 × 2 − 1 = −1

Que 5. If 𝒙𝟏𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝒘𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓?

Sol. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥11 + 101
Using the remainder theorem, we have
𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 𝑝(−1) = (−1)11 + 101
= −1 + 101 = 100

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Que 6. Find the factors of (1 - x3).

Sol. 1 − 𝑥 3 = 13 − 𝑥 3 = (1 − 𝑥)(1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )
Que 7. Find the factors of 𝒚𝟑 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚 + 𝟏.
Sol. 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 + 1 = 𝑦 2 (𝑦 + 1) + 1(𝑦 + 1) = (𝑦 + 1)(𝑦 2 + 1)
Que 8. If 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟗 and 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎, then find the value of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 .
Sol. We know that (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦
⇒ 92 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2 × 20
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 81 − 40 = 41
𝟏 𝟏
Que 9. If 𝒙 + 𝒙 = 𝟒, then find the value of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 .

om
1
Sol. 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 4

.c
ns
1 2 1 1

io
⇒ (𝑥 ) = 42 ⇒ 𝑥 2 + 2 + 2𝑥 × = 16
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

t
1
lu
so
⇒ 𝑥2 + = 16 − 2 = 14
𝑥2
k
oo

1
∴ 𝑥2 + = 14
rtb

𝑥2
ce

Que 10. Using factor theorem, show that (x- y) is a factor of 𝒙(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒛𝟐 ) +
𝒚(𝒛𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝒛(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 ).
.n
w

Sol. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥(𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 ) + 𝑦(𝑧 2 − 𝑥 2 ) + 𝑧(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )

w
//w

Putting x = y in given polynomial p(x), we get

s:

𝑝(𝑦) = 𝑦(𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 ) + 𝑦(𝑧 2 − 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑧(𝑦 2 − 𝑦 2 )

tp

= 𝑦(𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 ) − 𝑦(𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 ) = 0
ht

∴ (𝑥 − 𝑦) is a factor of given polynomial 𝑝(𝑥).

Que 11. If 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 is a factor of 𝒂𝒙𝟑 + 𝒃𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄𝒙 + 𝒅, show that a + c = 0.
Sol. 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥 2 − 1 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
∴ 𝑝(1) = 𝑝(−1) = 0
⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = −𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 0
⇒ 2𝑎 + 2𝑐 = 0 ⇒ 2(𝑎 + 𝑐) = 0
⇒𝑎+𝑐 = 0

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Que 12. If 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒌 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇 ∮ (𝒙) = 𝒙𝟓 − 𝟒𝒌𝟐 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟑, 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒌.

Sol. 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, ∮ (𝑥) = 𝑥 5 − 4𝑘 2 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑘 + 3

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ∮ (𝑥), 𝑠𝑜 𝑏𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚,

∮ (−2𝑘) = 0
(−2𝑘)5 − 4𝑘 2 (−2𝑘)3 + 2(−2𝑘) + 2𝑘 + 3 = 0

−32𝑘 5 + 32𝑘 5 − 4𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 3 = 0
3
⇒ −2𝑘 + 3 = 0 ⇒ −2𝑘 = −3 ⇒ 𝑘 =
2

om
Que 13. Find the remainder when ∮ (𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑 is divided by
𝒈(𝒙) = (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏).

.c
ns
Sol. 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔(𝑥) = 0 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒,

io
2𝑥 − 1 = 0

t
lu
so
1
⇒𝑥=
2
k
oo

1
By remainder theorem when ∮ (𝑥) is divided by 𝑔(𝑥), the remainder is equal to ∮ ( )
rtb

2
ce

Now, ∮ (𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 − 3

.n

1 1 3 1 2 1
w

∮ ( ) = 4 ( ) − 12 ( ) + 14 ( ) − 3
2 2 2 2
w
//w

1 1
= 4× − 12 × + 7 − 3
8 4
s:
tp

1 1 1
= −3+7−3= −6+7=1+
ht

2 2 2
1 3
∮( )=
2 2
3
Hence, required remainder = 2.

Que 14. 𝑰𝒇 (𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒂 − 𝟗, 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂.

Sol. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 ∮ (𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑎 − 9

𝐴𝑠 (𝑥 + 1) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)

∴ ∮ (−1) = 0

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⇒ 𝑎(−1)3 + (−1)2 − 2(−1) + 4𝑎 − 9 = 0

⇒ −𝑎 + 1 + 2 + 4𝑎 − 9 = 0
3𝑎 − 6 = 0 ⇒ 3𝑎 = 6
6
⇒ 𝑎= ⇒𝑎=2
3
Que 15. For what value of 𝒌, (𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑(𝒙) = 𝒌𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟒𝟐
Sol. 𝐴𝑠 𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝(𝑥), 𝑠𝑜 𝑝(−1) = 0,
𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝑘(−1)2 − (−1) − 4 = 0
𝑘+1−4 =4

om
⇒ 𝑘−3 = 0 ⇒𝑘 =3

.c
ns
Que 16. Expand using suitable identity (-2x+5y-3z) 2.

io
Sol. (−2𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 3𝑧)2

t
lu
= (−2𝑥)2 + (5𝑦)2 + (−3𝑧)2 + 2(−2𝑥)(5𝑦) + 2(5𝑦) (−3𝑧) + 2(−3𝑧)(−2𝑥)
k so
= 4𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 + 9𝑧 2 − 20𝑥𝑦 − 30𝑦𝑧 + 12𝑧𝑥
oo
rtb

𝟏 𝟏
Que 17. Find: 𝒙 + 𝒙 , 𝒊𝒇 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟔𝟐.
ce
.n

Sol.
w

1 2 1 1
w

(𝑥 + ) = 𝑥 2 + 2 + 2. 𝑥.
//w

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1 2
s:

1 2
= 𝑥 + 2 + 2 = 62 + 2 = 64 ⇒ (𝑥 + ) = 64
tp

𝑥 𝑥
ht

1
Taking square root on both sides, we get 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 8.

𝟐𝟓 𝒚𝟐
Que 18. Factorise: 𝒙𝟐 − .
𝟒 𝟗

25𝑥 2 𝑦 2 5 2 𝑦 2 5 𝑦 5 𝑦
𝑆𝑜𝑙. − = ( 𝑥) − ( ) = ( 𝑥 + ) ( 𝑥 − )
4 9 2 3 2 3 2 3
Que 19. Find the value of k if (x – 2) is a factor of polynomial 𝒑(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟔𝒙𝟐 +
𝟓𝒙 + 𝒌.
Sol. As (x – 2) is a factor of polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 𝑘, 𝑠𝑜, 𝑝(2) = 0
⇒ 2(2)3 − 6(2)2 + 5 × 2 + 𝑘 = 0

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om
⇒ 16 − 24 + 10 + 𝑘 = 0

.c
ns
26 − 24 + 𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑘 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑘 = −2

io
Que 20. Factorise: 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟐𝒃𝒄 + 𝟐𝒃𝒄 − 𝟐𝒄𝒂

t
Sol.
lu
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 + 2𝑏𝑐 − 2𝑐𝑎 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 + 2𝑐(𝑏 − 𝑎) = (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 − 2𝑐(𝑎 − 𝑏)
so
k
= (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏 − 2𝑐) [𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 (𝑎 − 𝑏)]
oo

Que 21. 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝟏𝟖𝟓 × 𝟏𝟖𝟓 − 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟓

rtb

Sol. 185 × 185 − 15 × 15

ce
.n

⇒ (185)2 − (15)2 [ 𝑈sin𝑔 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 +

w

𝑏)]
w
//w

⇒ (185 + 15) (185 − 15)

s:

⇒ 200 × 170 = 34000

tp
ht

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Short Answer Type Questions – II

[3 MARKS]

Que 1. What must be subtracted from 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 – 𝟔 to get 𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 −
𝒙+𝟑?
Sol. Let 𝑝(𝑥) be the required polynomial.
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 6 − 𝑝(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3
∴ 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 6 − 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3
= 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 − 9

om
Que 2. What must be added to 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔 𝒕𝒐 𝒈𝒆𝒕 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓 ?

.c
Sol. Let 𝑝(𝑥) be added.

ns
𝑇ℎ𝑎𝑛, 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 + 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5

io
∴ 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5 − 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 – 6

t
lu
so
= 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 – 11
k

Que 3. If x 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒌 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟒𝒌𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒌 + 𝟑, 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒌.

oo
rtb

Sol. Here, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 4𝑘 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑘 + 3

ce

Since (x – 2k) is a factor of f(x), so by factor theorem,

.n

𝑓(−2𝑘) = 0
w
w

(−2𝑘)4 − 4𝑘 2 (−2𝑘)2 + 2(−2𝑘) + 3𝑘 + 3 = 0

//w

16𝑘 4 − 16𝑘 4 − 4𝑘 + 3𝑘 + 3 = 0
s:
tp

⇒ −𝑘 + 3 = 0 ⇒ −𝑘 = −3 ⇒ 𝑘=3
ht

Que 4. Find the remainder when 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟗𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒𝒙 −

𝟑 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒈(𝒙) = (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏).
Sol. Taking g(x) = 0 we have,
1
3𝑥 − 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥=
3
1
By remainder theorem when 𝑓(𝑥) is divided by 𝑔(𝑥), the remainder is equal to 𝑓 (3)

Now,
𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 − 3

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1 1 3 1 2 1
𝑓 (3) = 9 (3) − 3 (3) + 14 (3) − 3
1 1 14 1 1 14 1 5
= 9 × 27 − 3 × 9 + −3 = −3+ − 3 ⇒ 𝑓 (3) = 3
3 3 3
5
Hence, required remainder = =3

Que 5. Check whether polynomial 𝒑(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 is a multiple of 2x –

3 or not.
Sol. The polynomial p(x) will be a multiple of 2𝑥 − 3 𝑖𝑓 (2𝑥 − 3) divides p(x)
completely.
3
Now, 2x – 3 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥=2

om
.c
Also,

ns
3 3 3 3 2 3
𝑝 (2) = 2 (2) − 9 (2) + + 12

io
2

t
lu
27 9 3
= 2× − 9 × 4 + 2 + 12
8
so
54 81 3 54−162+12+96 162−162 0
k
= − + 2 + 12 = = =8
oo

8 4 8 8
rtb

3
𝑝 (2) = 0
ce

As (2x – 3) divides p(x) completely, therefore p(x) is a multiple of (2x – 3).

.n

Que 6. Show that 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 is a factor of polynomial 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏.

w
w

Sol.
//w

𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1

s:
tp

−1
By factor theorem (2x – 1) will be a factor of p(x) if 𝑝 ( 2 ) = 0
ht

Now,
𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1

−1 −1 3 −1 2 −1
⇒ 𝑝 ( ) = 2 ( ) − 11 ( ) − 4 ( ) + 1
2 2 2 2
−1 1 1 1 11
= 2 ( ) − 11 × + 4 × + 1 = − − +2+1
8 4 2 4 4
−1 − 11 + 8 + 4 −12 + 12 −1
= = ⇒ 𝑝( ) = 0
4 4 2

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−1
As 𝑝 ( 2 ) = 0, therefore (2x – 1) is a factor of 2𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1.

Que 7. By actual division, find the quotient and remainder when 𝟑𝒙𝟒 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑 −
𝟑𝒙 – 𝟏 is divided by x + 1.
Sol. By long division, we have

om
.c
ns
io
t
lu
kso
oo
rtb

Quotient = = 3𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 10, 𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 9

ce

Que 8. If √𝒎 + √𝒏 − √𝒑 = 𝟎, then find the value of (𝒎 + 𝒏 − 𝒑)𝟐 .

.n

Sol. We have √𝑚 + √𝑛 − √𝑝 = 0
w
w

⇒ √𝑚 + √𝑛 = √𝑝
//w
s:

Squaring both the sides, we get

tp

2 2
ht

(√𝑚 + √𝑛) = (√𝑝)

⇒ 𝑚 + 𝑛 + 2√𝑚√𝑛 = 𝑝

⇒ 𝑚 + 𝑛 − 𝑝 = −2√𝑚𝑛
Again squaring both the sides, we get (𝑚 + 𝑛 − 𝑝)2 = 4𝑚𝑛
𝟏 𝒚 𝟑
Que 9. Expand: (𝒙 + 𝟑)

Sol.
1 𝑦 3 1 3 1 2𝑦 1 𝑦 2 𝑦 3
[ + ] = ( ) + 3( ) + 3 ( ) + ( )
𝑥 3 𝑥 𝑥 3 𝑥 3 3

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1 3 12 𝑦 1 𝑦2 𝑦2
= ( ) + 3. ( 2 ) + 3. 2 + 3
𝑥 𝑥 3 𝑥3 3

1 𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦3
= + + +
𝑥 3 𝑥 2 3𝑥 27
Que 10. Evaluate: (104)3 using a suitable identity.
Sol. (104)3 = (100 + 4)3
Using identity (𝑥 + 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑦 3
We get,
(100 + 4)3 = (100)3 + 3 × 100 × 4(100 + 4) + 43

om
= 10,00,000 + 1,200 × 104 + 64

.c
= 10,00,000 + 1,24,800 + 64

ns
io
= 11,24,864

t
lu
Que 11. Evaluate 𝟏𝟎𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 without multiplying directly.
so
Sol. 105 × 108 = (100 + 5) (100 + 8)
k
oo

Using identity (𝑥 + 𝑎) (𝑥 + 𝑏) = 𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏
rtb

𝑊𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡, 105 × 108 = 1002 + (5 + 8) 100 + 5 × 8

ce

= 10000 + 1300 + 40 = 11340

.n
w

𝟏 𝟏
Que 12. Find the value of 𝒙𝟐 + , 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒙 = √𝟑.
w

𝒙𝟐
//w

1
Sol. 𝑥 − 𝑥 = √3
s:
tp

1 2 2
Squaring both the sides, we get (𝑥 − 𝑥) = (√3)
ht

1 1
⇒ 𝑥2 + − 2 × 𝑥 × = 3
𝑥2 𝑥
1 1
⇒ 𝑥2 + 2
= 3 + 2 ⇒ 𝑥2 + 2 = 5
𝑥 𝑥
Que 13. Factorise: 𝟓√𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎𝒙 + 𝟖√𝟓 by splitting the middle term.

Sol. 5√5𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 + 8√5 = 5√5𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 8√5

= 5𝑥(√5𝑥 + 4) + 2√5 (√5𝑥 + 4)

= (√5𝑥 + 4) (√5𝑥 + 2√5) = √5(√5𝑥 + 2)(√5𝑥 + 4)

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Que 14. Factorise: 𝟐𝒙𝟓 + 𝟒𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 .

Sol. We have, 2𝑥 5 + 432𝑥 2 𝑦 3 = 2𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 + 216𝑦 3 )
= 2𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 + 63 𝑦 3 ) = 2𝑥 2 [𝑥 3 + (6𝑦)3 ]
= 2𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 6𝑦)[𝑥 2 − 𝑥. 6𝑦 + (6𝑦)3 ]
= 2𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 6𝑦)(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 + 36𝑦 2 )
Que 15. Factorise: 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝟕𝒚𝟑 + 𝟖𝒛𝟑 − 𝟗𝟎𝒙𝒚𝒛.
Sol. 125𝑥 3 + 27𝑦 3 + 8𝑧 3 − 90𝑥𝑦𝑧
= 53 𝑥 3 + 33 𝑦 3 + 23 𝑧 3 − 90𝑥𝑦𝑧

om
= (5𝑥)3 + (3𝑦)3 + (2𝑧)3 − 3 × 5𝑥 × 3𝑦 × 2𝑧

.c
ns
= (5𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧)[(5𝑥)2 + (3𝑦)2 + (2𝑧)2 − (5𝑥)(3𝑦) − (3𝑦)(2𝑧) − (2𝑧)(5𝑥)]

io
= (5𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧)(25𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 + 4𝑧 2 − 15𝑥𝑦 − 6𝑦𝑧 − 10𝑧𝑥)

t
lu
so
𝐫𝟑 𝐬𝟑 𝐭𝟑 𝟏
Que 16. Factorise: − 𝟑𝟒𝟑 − 𝟐𝟏𝟔 − 𝒓𝒔𝒕.
𝟖 𝟐𝟖
k
oo

Sol.
rtb

𝑟3 𝑠3 𝑡3 1
− − − 𝑟𝑠𝑡.
ce

8 343 216 28
.n

𝑟 3 −𝑠 3 −𝑡 3 𝑟 −𝑠 −𝑡
w

( ) + ( ) + ( ) − 3( )( )( )
8 7 6 2 7 6
w
//w

𝑟 −𝑠 −𝑡 𝑟 2 −𝑠 −𝑡 2 𝑟 −𝑠 −𝑠 −𝑡 −𝑡 𝑟
= [ + ( ) + ( )] [( ) + ( ) + ( ) − ( ) − ( ) ( ) − ( ) ( )]
2 7 6 2 7 6 2 7 7 6 6 2
s:
tp

𝑟 𝑠 𝑡 𝑟 2 𝑠 2 𝑡 2 𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑟
ht

= ( − − )( + + + − + )
2 7 6 4 49 36 14 42 12

Que 17. Factorise: 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓 by splitting the middle term.

Sol. 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 15
= 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 15
= 2𝑥(𝑥 − 5) + 3(𝑥 − 5)
= (𝑥 − 5)(2𝑥 + 3)
Que 18. Factorise: 125x3 – 343y3.
Sol. 125x3 – 343y3.

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= 53 𝑥 3 − 73 𝑥 3 = (5𝑥)3 − (7𝑦)3
= (5𝑥 − 7𝑦)[(5𝑥)2 + 5𝑥. 7𝑦 + (7𝑦)2 ]
= (5𝑥 − 7𝑦)(25𝑥 2 + 35𝑥𝑦 + 49𝑦 2 )

Que 19. Factorise: 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒛𝟐 − 𝟒√𝟑𝒙𝒚 − 𝟐𝟎𝒚𝒛 + 𝟏𝟎√𝟑𝒛𝒙.

Sol. 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 25𝑧 2 − 4√3𝑥𝑦 − 20𝑦𝑧 + 10√3𝑧𝑥.

2
= (√3𝑥) + (−2𝑦)2 + (5𝑧)2 + 2(√3𝑥)(−2𝑦) + 2(−2𝑦)(5𝑧) + 2(5𝑧)(√5𝑥)

= (√3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5𝑧)2 = (√3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5𝑧)(√3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5𝑧)

om
2 2 1 2

.c
Que 20. Factorise: (5𝑟 + 3) − (2𝑟 − 3) .

ns
io
Sol.

t
lu
2 2 so1 2
(5𝑟 + ) − (2𝑟 − )
3 3
k
oo

2 1 2 1
= (5𝑟 + + 2𝑟 − ) [5𝑟 + − (2𝑟 − )]
3 3 3 3
rtb

2 1 2 1
ce

= (7𝑟 + − ) (5𝑟 − 2𝑟 + + )
3 3 3 3
.n

1
w

= (7𝑟 + ) (3𝑟 + 1).

w

3
//w
s:

Que 21. Without actually calculating the cubes, find the value of:
tp

−3 3 −5 3 11 3
ht

( ) +( ) +( ) .
4 8 8
Sol. Let
−3 −5 11
𝑎= ,𝑏 = ,𝑐 =
4 8 8
−3 5 11
∴ 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 = − +
4 8 8
−6 − 5 + 11
= =0
8
𝐼𝑓 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 = 3𝑎𝑏𝑐

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−3 3 −5 3 11 3 −3 −5 11 495
∴ ( ) +( ) + ( ) = 3( )( )( ) =
4 8 8 4 8 8 256
Que 22. Without finding the cubes, factorise: (𝟐𝒓 − 𝟑𝒔)𝟑 + (𝟑𝒔 − 𝟓𝒕)𝟑 + (𝟓𝒕 − 𝟐𝒓)𝟑 .
Sol. Let 𝑎 = 2𝑟 − 3𝑠, 𝑏 = 3𝑠 − 5𝑡 + 5𝑡 − 2𝑟 = 0
∴ 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 2𝑟 − 3𝑠 + 3𝑠 − 5𝑡 + 5𝑡 − 2𝑟 = 0
𝐼𝑓 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 = 3𝑎𝑏𝑐
⇒ (2𝑟 − 3𝑠)3 + (3𝑠 − 5𝑡)3 + (5𝑡 − 2𝑟)3 = 3(2𝑟 − 3𝑠)(3𝑠 − 5𝑡)(5𝑡 − 2𝑟)

Que 23. Find the value of 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟖𝒚𝟑 − 𝟑𝟔𝒙𝒚 − 𝟐𝟏𝟔 𝑾𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟔.

om
Sol.

.c
𝑥 3 − 8𝑦 3 − 216 − 36𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + (−2𝑦)3 + (−6)3 − 3. 𝑥(−2𝑦)(−6)

ns
= (𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 6)(𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 36 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑦 + 6𝑥)

tio
lu
∴ = 0 × (𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 36 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑦 + 6𝑥)[∵ 𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 6 ⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 6 = 0]
so
=0
k
oo

𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐
Que 24. If a, b, c are all non-zero and a + b + c = 0, prove that + 𝒄𝒂 + 𝒂𝒃 = 𝟑.
rtb

𝒃𝒄

Sol. We have,
ce

𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2
.n

+ + =3
w

𝑏𝑐 𝑐𝑎 𝑎𝑏
w

𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3
//w

𝐿𝐻𝑆 + + =
𝑏𝑐 𝑐𝑎 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏𝑐
s:

3𝑎𝑏𝑐
tp

= = 3(𝑖𝑓 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 = 3𝑎𝑏𝑐) = 𝑅𝐻𝑆

ht

𝑎𝑏𝑐

Que 25. Simplify: (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓𝒚)𝟑 − (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚)𝟑 .

Sol. (2𝑥 − 5𝑦)3 − (2𝑥 + 5𝑦)3
= [8𝑥 3 − 125𝑦 3 − 3 × 2𝑥 × 5𝑦(2𝑥 − 5𝑦)] − [8𝑥 3 + 125𝑦 3 + 3 × 2𝑥 × 5𝑦(2𝑥 + 5𝑦)]
[𝑢sin𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑎 − 𝑏)3
= 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 − 𝑏)]
= (8𝑥 3 − 125𝑦 3 − 60𝑥 2 𝑦 + 150𝑥𝑦 2 ) − (8𝑥 3 + 125𝑦 3 + 60𝑥 2 𝑦 + 150𝑥𝑦 2 )
= −250𝑦 3 − 120𝑥 2 𝑦

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om
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
Que 26. Factorise (𝟗𝒙 − 𝟓) − (𝒙 + 𝟑) .

.c
ns
1 2 1 2
Sol. We have, (9𝑥 − 5) − (𝑥 + 3) .

io
t
lu
1 1 1 1
= [(9𝑥 − ) − (𝑥 + )] [(9𝑥 − ) + (𝑥 )] [∵ 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)]
so
5 3 5 3
k
1 1 1 1
oo

= (9𝑥 − − 𝑥 − ) (9𝑥 − + 𝑥 + )
5 3 5 3
rtb

1 1 1 1
ce

= (8𝑥 − − ) (10𝑥 − + )
5 3 5 3
.n

120𝑥 − 3 − 5 150𝑥 − 3 + 5
w

=( )( )
15 15
w
//w

120𝑥 − 8 150𝑥 + 2
=( )( )
s:

15 15
tp
ht

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Long Answer Type Questions

[4 MARKS]

Que 1. Using factor theorem, factorise the polynomial 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒.

Sol. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4.
The constant term in 𝑝(𝑥) is equal to -4 and factors of -4 are ±1, ±2,
Putting 𝑥 𝑥 = −1 𝑖𝑛 𝑝(𝑥), 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒
𝑝(−1) = (−1)3 + (−1)2 − 4 × (−1) − 4
= −1 + 1 + 4 − 4 = 0

om
∴ (𝑥 + 1) is a factor of 𝑝(𝑥)

.c
Putting 𝑥 𝑥 = 2 𝑖𝑛 𝑝(𝑥), we have

ns
𝑝(2) = 23 + 22 − 4 × 2 − 4

tio
lu
= −8 + 4 + 8 − 4
so
𝑝(−2) = 0
k
oo

∴ (𝑥 + 2) is a factor of 𝑝(𝑥).
rtb

As 𝑝(𝑥) is a polynomial of degree 3, so it cannot have more than three linear factors.
ce

∴ 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑘(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)

.n
w

𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4 = 1(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)

w
//w

= (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
s:

Que 2. Factorise: 𝒙𝟖 − 𝒚𝟖 .
tp

Sol. 𝑥 8 − 𝑦 8 = (𝑥 4 )2 − (𝑦 4 )2
ht

= (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )(𝑥 4 − 𝑦 4 ) [𝑈sin𝑔 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)]

= (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )[(𝑥 2 )2 − (𝑦 2 )2 ]
= (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )
= (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
Que 3. Factorise: 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎.
Sol. Let 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 + 20
The constant term in is equal to 20 and the factors of 20 are ±1, ±2, ±4, ±5, ±10.

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Putting 𝑥 = −2 𝑖𝑛 𝑝(𝑥), we have

𝑝(−2) = (−2)3 + 13(−2)2 + 32(−2) + 20
= −8 + 52 − 64 + 20 = −72 + 72 = 0
𝑝(−2) = 0
As 𝑝(−2) = 0, 𝑠𝑜(𝑥 + 2) is a factor of 𝑝(𝑥). Now, divide 𝑝(𝑥) by (𝑥 + 2)

om
.c
ns
t io
lu
k so
oo
rtb
ce
.n

∴ 𝑝(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 10)

w

= (𝑥 + 2) [𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 𝑥 + 10]
w

= (𝑥 + 2)[𝑥(𝑥 + 10) + 1(𝑥 + 10)] = (𝑥 + 2)[(𝑥 + 10)(𝑥 + 1)]

//w

= (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 10)

s:
tp

Que 4. Factorise 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝒙 + 𝟑𝟎.

ht

Sol. Let, 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 + 30.

∴ 𝑝(2) = 2 × 23 − 3 × 22 − 17 × 2 + 30 = 16 − 12 − 34 + 30
𝑝(2) = 46 − 46 = 0
As 𝑝(2) = 0, Therefore (x – 2) is a factor of p(x)
Let us divide 𝑝(𝑥) 𝑏𝑦 (𝑥 − 2) by long division method as given below:

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∴ 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 + 30 = (𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 15)

om
= (𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 15) = (𝑥 − 2)[2𝑥(𝑥 + 3) − 5(𝑥 + 3)]

.c
= (𝑥 − 2)[(𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 − 5)] = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 − 5)

ns
𝟏

io
Que 5. If both (𝒙 − 𝟐) and (𝒙 − 𝟐) are factors of 𝒑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒓, Show that p = r.

t
Sol. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑝𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 𝑟,
lu
so
k
As (𝑥 − 2 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑆𝑜 𝑓(2) = 0
oo

𝑝 × 22 + 5 × 2 + 𝑟 = 0
rtb

⇒ 4𝑝 + 10 + 𝑟 = 0 . . . . . . . . . . (𝑖)
ce
.n

1 1
Also (𝑥 − 2) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑠𝑜 𝑓(2) = 0
w
w

1 2 1
//w

𝑝 ( ) + 5. + 𝑟 = 0
2 2
s:

𝑝 5
tp

⇒ + +𝑟 =0 ⇒ 𝑝 + 10 + 4𝑟 = 0
4 2
ht

From equations (i) and (ii), we have

4𝑝 + 10 + 𝑟 = 𝑝 + 10 + 4𝑟
4𝑝 − 𝑝 = 10 + 4𝑟 − 10 − 𝑟
⇒ 3𝑝 = 3𝑟 ⇒ 𝑝=𝑟
Que 6. Without actual division, prove that 𝟐𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟗𝒙 − 𝟔 is exactly
divisible by 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐.
Sol. Let 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 14𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 − 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2

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Then, 𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 + 2
= 𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 1(𝑥 + 2) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)
Now, 𝑝(−1) = 2(−1)4 + (−1)3 − 14(−1)2 − 19(−1) − 6
= 2 − 1 − 14 + 19 − 6 = 21 − 21

om
𝑝(−1) = 0
And, 𝑝(−2) = 2(−2)4 + (−2)3 − 14(−2)2 − 19(−2) − 6

.c
ns
= 32 − 8 − 56 + 38 − 6 = 70 − 70

t io
𝑝(−2) = 0
lu
so
⇒ (𝑥 + 1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑥 + 2) are the factors of 𝑝(𝑥), 𝑠𝑜 𝑝(𝑥) is divisible by (𝑥 + 1) and (𝑥 + 2).
k

Hence, 𝑝(𝑥) is divisible by (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2.

oo
rtb

𝟏 𝒓
Que 7. Find the value of 𝟐𝟕 𝒓𝟑 − 𝒔𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒕𝟑 + 𝟓𝒓𝒔𝒕, 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒔 = 𝟑 + 𝟓𝒕.
ce

1
.n

Sol. 𝑟 3 − 𝑠 3 + 125𝑡 3 + 5𝑟𝑠𝑡

27
w
w

1 𝑟 3 𝑟
= 33 𝑟 3 + (−𝑠)3 + 53 𝑡 3 + 5𝑟𝑠𝑡 = (3) + (−𝑠)3 + (5𝑡)3 − 3 (3) (−𝑠)(5𝑡)
//w

𝑟 2
s:

𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
= ( 3 + (−𝑠) + 5𝑡) [(3) + (−𝑠)2 + (5𝑡)2 − 3 . (−𝑠) − (−𝑠)(5𝑡) − 3 (5𝑡)]
tp
ht

𝑟 𝑟2 𝑟𝑠 5𝑟𝑡
= ( 3 − 𝑠 + 5𝑡) ( + 𝑠 2 + 25𝑡 2 + + 5𝑠𝑡 − )
9 3 3
𝑟 𝑟
Now, 𝑠 = 3 + 5𝑡 (Given) ⇒ 3 − 𝑠 + 5𝑡 = 0

1 3 𝑟2 𝑟𝑠 5𝑟𝑡
∴ 𝑟 − 𝑠 3 + 125𝑡 3 + 5𝑟𝑠𝑡 = 0 × ( + 𝑠 2 + 25𝑡 2 + + 5𝑠𝑡 − )=0
27 9 3 3

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HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

𝟏 𝟏
Que 1. If z2 + = 14, find the value of z3 + 𝟑.
𝒛𝟐 𝒛

Sol. We have,
1 2 1 1
(𝑧 + 𝑧) = z2 + + 2z
𝑧2 𝑧

1 2 1 1 2
⇒ (𝑧 + 𝑧) = z2 + +2 ⇒ (𝑧 + 𝑧) = 14 + 2 = 16
𝑧2

1 2 1
⇒ (𝑧 + 𝑧) = 42 ⇒ z3 +

om
=4
𝑍

.c
1 3 1 1 1
⇒ (𝑧 + 𝑧) = 43 ⇒ z3 + + 3 x z x (𝑧 + ) = 64

ns
𝑧3 𝑧 𝑧

io
1 1
⇒ z3 + + 3 x 4 = 64 ⇒ z3 + = 64 – 12

t
𝑧3 𝑧3

lu
so
1
⇒ z3 + = 52
𝑧3
k
oo

𝟏 𝟏
Que 2. If 𝒙 + = 3, find the value of 𝒙4 + .
rtb

𝒙 𝒙𝟒
ce

1
Sol. We have 𝑥 + =3
𝑥
.n
w

Squaring both the sides, we get

w

1 2 1 2
//w

(𝑥 + 𝑥) = 32 ⇒ (𝑥 + 𝑥) = 9
s:

1 1 1
⇒ 𝑥2 + +2x𝑥x𝑥=9 ⇒ 𝑥2 +
tp

+2=9
𝑥2 𝑥2
ht

1 1
⇒ 𝑥2 + =9–2 ⇒ 𝑥2 + =7
𝑥2 𝑥2
1 1 2
Now, 𝑥2 + =7 ⇒ (𝑥 2 + ) = 72 ⇒ (𝑥2)2 +
𝑥2 𝑥2

1 1 1
⇒ 𝑥4 + + 2 = 49 ⇒ 𝑥4 + = 49 – 2 ⇒ 𝑥4 + = 47
𝑥4 𝑥4 𝑥4

Que 3. If the polynomials az3 + 4z2 + 3z – 4 and z3 – 4z + a leave the same

remainder when divided by z – 3, find the value of a.
Sol. Let p(z) = az3 + 4z2 + 3z – 4 and q(z) = z3 – 4z + a
When p(z) is divided by z – 3 the remainder is given by,

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P (3) = a x 33 + 4 x 32 + 3 x 3 – 4 = 27a + 36 + 9 – 4
P (3) = 27a + 41 …(i)
When q(z) is divided by z – 3 the remainder is given by,
q (3) = 33 – 4 x 3 + a = 27 – 12 + a

om
q (3) = 15 + a …(ii)

.c
According to question, p (3) = q (3)

ns
⇒ 27a + 41 = 15 + a ⇒ 27a – a = - 41 + 15

io
26a = - 26

t
lu
so
−26
⇒ a= ⇒ a=-1
26
k
oo

𝟏 𝟏
Que 4. If 𝒙2 + = 34, find 𝒙3 + – 9.
rtb

𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑

1 2
ce

1
Sol. (𝑥 + 𝑥) = 𝑥2 + + 2 = 34 + 2 = 36
𝑥2
.n
w

1
(𝑥 + 𝑥) = 6
w
//w

On cubing, we get
s:

1 3 1 1
(𝑥 + 𝑥) = 63 ⇒ 𝑥3 + + 3(𝑥 + 𝑥) = 216
tp

𝑥3
ht

1 1
⇒ 𝑥3 + + 3 x 6 = 216 ⇒ 𝑥3 + = 198
𝑥3 𝑥3
1
⇒ 𝑥3 + – 9 = 198 – 9 = 189
𝑥3

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Value Based Questions

Que 1. On her birthday, Amisha donated 2 toffees to each children of an

om
orphanage and 15 chocolates to adults working there. Taking the total items

.c
distributed as x and the number of children y, write a linear equation in two

ns
variables for the above situation.
(a) Write the equation in standard for.
io
ut
(b) How many children are there if total 61 items were distributed?
ol
(c) What values does Amisha possess?
ks

Sol. X = 2y + 15
oo

(a) x – 2y – 15 = 0
rtb

46
(b) 61 = 2y + 15 ⇒ y= = 23 children
2
ce

(c) Caring, kind, socially active.

.n
w

Que 2. The number of sincere students (x) in a class is two more than twice the
w

number of careless students (y). Write a linear equation in two variables for
//w

this situation. How does sincerity help and carelessness harm a student?
s:

Sol. X = 2 + 2y
tp

sincere students always progress in life as they value time and channelize their
ht

talent in productive activities while a careless student always wastes him talent and
time.

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