SUBJECT:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN POWER SYSTEM

UNIT 1:

1. The dimension of the bus incidence matrix is:

1.e x (n- I)
2.e x n
3.e x (n-+I)
4.e x e
Correct answer: 1. e x (n- I)
2. Certain graph has 4 nodes and 7 elements, the number of links is:
1. 3
2. 4
3. 11
4. 28
Correct answer: 2. 4
3. The number of nodes and the number of branches in a tree are related by:
1. b=n
2. b = n+1
3. b = n-1
4. b = 2n
Correct answer: 3. b = n-1
4. The dimension of bus incidence matrix is:
1. exn
2. ex(n-1)
3. ex(n+1)
4. ex(n+2)
Correct answer: 2. ex(n-1)
5. Which of the following is correct about Z bus matrix:
1. Zbus = Ybus
2. Zbus = 2.Ybus
3. Zbus = Ybus-1
4. Zbus = Ybus3
Correct answer: 3. Zbus = Ybus-1
6. A sparse matrix is the one whose most elements are:
1. Zero
2. Unity
3. Equal to 5
4. Higher than 88
Correct answer: 1.Zero
 7. In element node incidence matrix if the pth element is incident to and directed away from q
the node, then which of following is correct:
1. αpq = 1
2. αpq = -1
3. αpq = 0
Correct answer: 1 αpq = 1

8. If e is number of elements and n is number of nodes in graph, then the element-node incidence
matrix will have the dimensions:
1. e*n
2. e/n
3. e+n
4. e-n
Correct answer: 1. e*n
9. With respect to branch-path incidence matrix If the pth branch is in the path from qth bus to
reference and oriented in the opposite direction then:
1. Kpq = -1
2. Kpq = 1
3. Kpq = 0
Correct answer: 1. Kpq = -1
10. Susceptance is _________ part of ____________:
1. Real, Admittance
2. Imaginary, Admittance
3. Real, Conductance
4. Imaginary, Conductance
Correct answer: 2. Imaginary, Admittance
11. With respect to branch-path incidence matrix if the pth branch is in the path from qth bus to
reference and oriented in the same direction then:
1. Kpq = -1
2. Kpq = 1
3. Kpq = 0
Correct answer: 2. Kpq = 1
12. In element node incidence if pth element is not incident to qth node then which of following
is correct:
1. αpq = 1
2. αpq = -1
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 4. None of these
 13. In element node incidence matrix if the pth element is incident to and directed towards the q
the node, then which of following is correct:
1. αpq = 1
2. αpq = -1
3. αpq = 0
Correct answer: 2 αpq = -1

14 .If E is number of elements and N is number of nodes then dimension of Element node
incidence matrix is:
1. E*N
2. E/N
3. E+N
4. E-N
Correct answer: 1. E*N
15.The number of links of a graph with ‘e’ elements and ‘n’ nodes is

a) (e-n-1)
b) (e+n-1)
c) (e-n+1)
d) (e-2n+1)

16. An oriented graph is

a) A connection of network topology by replacing all elements by lines

b) A graph in which direction is assigned to each branch
c) A graph in which at least one path is between any two nodes
d) A graph in which loop is not formed

17.The element of graph not included in tree is called

a) Link
b) Branch
c) Oriented graph
d) Any of the above

18.The dimensions of bus incidence matrix for ‘e’ elements and ‘n’ nodes is

a) e x (n-1)
b) e x (n+1)
c) 2e x n
d) exn

19.The branch path incidence matrix is represented by

a) A
 b) B
c) K
d) Ab
20. Loop impedance matrix Zloop is
a) C.Z.Ct
b) Ct.C.Z
c) Z.C.Ct
d) Ct.Z.C

21. YBUS=
a) A.Y.At b) A.At.Y
c) At.Y.A d) Y.A.At
22. The number of branches required to form a tree if nodes are ‘n’ are
a) (n-1)
b) (n+1)
c) (2n+1)
d) (2n-1)

UNIT2:

23. Diagonal elements of ZBUS matrix are referred as

a) Transfer impedances
b) Driving point impedances
c) Series impedances
d) Parallel impedances

24. If p-q is a link added the dimensions of matrices in performance equation are
a) Zero
b) Decreased by 1
c) Increased by 1
d) Unchanged
25. In bus reference frame
a) The independent equations are equal to number of buses
b) The equations relate current and impedance
c) The equations relate voltage and admittance
d) The equations have no solution
26. YBUS can be formed by
a) Rule of inspection
b) Singular transformation
c) Only(a)
d) Both (a) and (b)
27. If p is existing bus and q is a new bus in network then p-q is
a) Link
 b) Branch
c) Tree
d) Graph
28. If p and q are buses existing in network then p-q is
a) Branch
b) Cut-set
c) Tie-set
d) Link
29. The reference frames used are
a) Bus
b) Branch
c) Loop
d) All of the above

30․ Normally Z bus matrix is a

null matrix
sparse matrix
full matrix
unit matrix
31․ For n bus power system size of Y bus matrix is
(n-1)×(n-1)
(n-2)×(n-2)
n×n
(n-1)×(n-2)
32. Z bus matrix is best defined as:
1. Sparse matrix
2. Dense matrix
3. Empty matrix
4. Half matrix
Correct answer: 2. Dense matrix
33․ Sum of the elements of row i equal to shunt admittances connected to bus i. If this
summation is zero, indicates there is no
shunt admittance
mutual coupling
both 1 and 2
none of the above
34. Which of the following is an advantage of sparse systems:
1.Reduced round off errors
 2.Small storage requirement
3.Direct solutions can be obtained faster
4.All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these
35. The Y bus matrix is a spare matrix because
A. bus incident matrix is a spare matrix
B. Y primitive is a sparse matrix
C. lines are connected to less no. of buses
D. no of lines are less
Ans.: C

36. In a power system network, At which bus the shunt is connected that can be known from
A. reactive power demand
B. type of bus
C. Y bus of the system
D. none of the this
Ans.: C

37) Which among the following formulae is used for addition of an admittance element into the
bus?
a. Yii new = Yii old - y
b. Yii new = Yii old + y
c. Yii new = Yii old - Yij old
d. Yii new = Yii old + Yij old

UNIT 3:

38.The phase difference in three phase voltages is----------- degrees

a) 90
b) 0
c) 120
d) 240

38.The balanced sequence impedances are uncoupled for both stationary and rotating elements for
symmetrical components

a) True
b) False

39.Excitations of any three phase element is balanced when source voltages of all phases are ---------- in
magnitude and displaced from each other by------------- degrees

a) Unequal, 120
b) Equal, 120
c) Equal, 90
d) Equal, 0
40.1+a+a2 = -----

a) 1
b) 0.5
c) 0
d) -0.5

41.For Clarke’s components the balanced sequence impedances are uncoupled for

a) Rotational elements
b) Stationary elements
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of the above

42․ Fault calculations using computer are usually done by

Y bus method
Z bus method
either 1 or 2
none of the above
43. The line current in a three phase unbalanced load are Ir = 4+j6, Ib = 2-j2 and Ic = -3+j2, then
zero sequence component of current will be
A. 3+j6
B. 9+j10
C. 1+j2
D. 3-j6
Ans.: C

44. In case of a balanced three phase sinusoidal AC supply, because of the phase difference
A. neutral wire is not required, if load is balanced
B. rotating magnetic field is produced
C. neutral current is high if load is not balanced
D. all are correct
Ans.: D

45. In symmetrical component transformation the three sequence networks for balanced stationary and
rotational element remain decoupled from each other.

1. True
2. False

46.In clarke’s transformation three sequence networks are decoupled only for balanced stationary
elements.

1. True
2. False
 46. If the elements are balanced and excitation are balanced then the system can be
represented on 1-phase basis.

1. True
2. False

47.For the unitary matrix

1. [T]*t=[T]
2. [T]t=[T]-1
3. [T]*t=[T]-1
4. [T]*t=[T]t

48. Which of the following Relation is true

1. [Zpqijk]= [T*]t[Zpqabc][T]t
2. [Zpqijk]= [T*]t[Zpqabc][T]
3. [Zpqijk]= [T*]t[Zpqabc][T]-1
4. [Zpqijk]= [T]t[Zpqabc][T]

UNIT 4:

49․ Specified quantities of load bus are

P and Q
V and δ
P and δ
Q and V
50․ Specified quantities of slack bus are
P and Q
V and δ
P and δ
P and V
51․ Which of the following quantities are to be calculated for generator bus?
P and V
P and Q
Q and δ
 δ and V
52․ In a 4*4 Y bus matrix the number of non zero elements are 12. Find the sparsity of the
system?
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
53. In a 4 bus,4×4 Y bus matrix the number of non zero elements are 12. Find the number of
transmission lines?
8
4
2
5
54․ Range of accelerating factor is
50 to 100
1 to 10
1.6 to 1.8
10.8 to 11.2
55․ A network containing 100 buses in which 10 are the voltage control buses, 5 are fixed shunt
capacitor buses, 20 are the reactive power support buses, 6 are the generator buses. Find the size
of the Jacobian matrix?
163 × 163
164 × 164
165 × 165
162 × 162
56․ Which of the following buses is/are not PV buses?
voltage control buses
fixed shunt capacitor buses
reactive power support buses
both 1 and 2
57․ Which of the following is/are advantages of N-R method?
Number of iterations are less
Applicable for large power system network
Time taken for each iteration is less
 both 1 and 2
58․ Advantages of gauss siedel method is/are
calculation time for each iteration is less
number of iterations are less
applicable for large power system network
all of the above
59․ For load flow studies, What are the quantities specified at load bus are
P and V
P and Q
V and δ
δ and Q
60․ Which of the following matrix is used for load flow studies?
Y bus matrix
Z bus matrix
Unit matrix
null matrix
61․ A network containing 50 buses in which 10 are the voltage control buses, 6 are the generator
buses. Find the size of the Jacobian matrix?
84*84
83*83
34*34
33*33
62․ If sparsity of a 5 bus transmission line is 0.4. Find the number of transmission lines?
6
5
4
3
63․ A 4 bus power system consists of 4 transmission lines, then find the sparsity of Y bus
matrix?
0.25
0.5
0.75
0.4
64․ The value of off diagonal elements is
which is connected between bus i and bus j with negative sign
which is connected between bus i and bus j with positive sign
sum of admittances connected at bus i
sum of admittances connected at bus j
65․ In load flow studies PV bus is treated as PQ bus when
phase angle become high
voltage at the bus become high
reactive power goes beyond limit
any of the above
66․ For accurate load flow calculations on large power systems, the best method is
N-R method
G-S method
Decoupled method
all of the above
67․ The main advantage of the Decoupled Load Flow (DLF) as compared to the NR method is
number of iterations are less
accuracy is more
reduced memory requirements in storing the Jacobian elements
all of the above
68․ The draw back of NR method as compare to Gauss-Seidel method is/are?
large requirement of computer memory
large number of iterations
both 1 and 2
none of the above
69․ Which of the following method is/are more reliable?
Gauss-Siedel (GS) method
Newton Raphson (NR) method
Fast Decoupled Load Flow (FDLF) method
70.The speed of fast decoupled load flow method, when compared to the Newton-Raphson
method, is approximate:
1.Five times slower as compared to N-R method speed per iteration
2.Same
 3.Two times faster N-R method speed per iteration
4.Five times faster the N-R method speed per iteration
Correct answer: 4. Five times faster the N-R method speed per iteration
71. Which type of convergence takes place in Newton Raphson method:
1. Linear convergence
2. Quadratic convergence
3. Cubic convergence
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. Quadratic convergence

72․ Per unit of any quantity is defined as

actual value of quantity /base value of quantity in same units
actual value of quantity /base value of quantity in different units
base value of quantity /actual value of quantity in same units
base value of quantity /actual value of quantity in different units
73. The approximate number of iteration required for n-bus system in Newton-Raphson method
is:
1. 1
2. n
3. 3
4. n^2
Correct answer: 3. 3
74. Select the wrong statement from the following in relation to power flow analysis
A. Y bus is required for power flow analysis
B. Approximation is used in FDLF method
C. jacobian is always required
D. No of iteration in N-R method cannot be more than 30 for any system
Ans.: C

UNIT 5:
75․ A transmission line has self and mutual impedances of 0.8 pu and 0.2 pu. Find the positive,
negative and zero sequence impedances respectively?
0.6, 0.8 and 1.2 pu
0.6, 0.6 and 1.2 pu
0.8, 0.8 and 1.2 pu
0.8, 0.6 and 1.2 pu
76. Which of the following is an objective of short circuit calculations:
1.Evaluations of short-circuit withstand ratings of bus bars
 2.Calculation of fault voltage dips
3.Protective relaying short-circuit requirement evaluation
4.All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these
77. Which one of the following is a correct statement?
1. 1 + a + a2 = 0
2. 1 – a + a2 = 0
3. 1 – a + a2 = 0
4. 1 – a – a2 = 0
Correct answer: 1. 1 + a + a2 = 0
78. The fault condition in which system remains balanced is
1. Symmetrical fault
2. Unsymmetrical fault
3. Major fault
4. None of these
79. The fault occurring without any fault impedance is called
1. Symmetrical fault
2. Unsymmetrical fault
3. Bolted fault
4.Ground fault
80.The fault current in 3-phase element is given as
1. Ifabc=[ Zfabc+Zppabc]-1Ep(0)abc
2. Ifabc=[ Zfabc-Zppabc]-1Ep(0)abc
3. Ifabc=[ ZfabcxZppabc]-1 Ep(0)abc
4. Ifabc=[ Zfabc/Zppabc]-1Ep(0)abc

81. The fault current in LLLG or 3-phase to ground fault is given by

1. IfLLLGabc=[ 1 α α2 ]T 1/ zf+zpp(1)
2. IfLLLGabc=[ 1 α2 α ]T 1/ zf+zpp(1)
3. IfLLLGabc=[ 1 α2 α ]T 1/ zf-zpp(1)
4. IfLLLGabc=[ 1 α2 α2 ]T 1/ zf+zpp(1)
82. In line to ground (LG) bolted fault on phase ‘a’
1. Ip(+)a=Ip(+)c=0 and Ep(+)a=0
2. Ip(+)a=Ip(+)b=0 and Ep(+)a=0
3. Ip(+)b=Ip(+)c=0 and Ep(+)b=0
4. Ip(+)b=Ip(+)c=0 and Ep(+)a=0

UNIT 6:
83․ The inertia constant of 100 MVA, 50 Hz, 4 pole generator is 10 MJ/MVA. If the mechanical
input to the machine is suddenly raised from 50 MW to 75 MW, the rotor acceleration will be
equal to
12.5 electrical degrees/s²
125 electrical degrees/s²
 225 electrical degrees/s²
22.5 electrical degrees/s²
84․ If a generator of 250 MVA rating has an inertia constant of 6 MJ/MVA, its inertia constant
on 100 MVA base is
6 MJ/MVA
15 MJ/MVA
2.5 MJ/MVA
10.5 MJ/MVA
85․ If the inertia constant H = 10 MJ/MVA for a 50 MVA generator, the stored energy is
5 MJ
50 MJ
500 MJ
10 MJ

86. If the rotor angle δ in swing curve increases indefinitely it means:

1.System is unstable
2.System is stable
3.System is highly stable
Correct answer: 1. System is unstable
87. The quantity H in swing equation is:
1. Kelvin constant
2. Motion of synchronous motor/3.55
3. Inertia constant
4. None of these
88. With respect to Graph theory in Power System Analysis for n number of nodes the rank of
graph is:
1. n+2
2. n
3. n-1
Correct answer: 3. n-1

89. For absolute stability of the system we use which criteria?

a) equal area
b) half set
c) transient area
d) none of these
Answer: a

90.. How many steps does the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method use?
a) Two steps
b) Five steps
c) Four steps
d) Three steps
Answer: c
91. The first two steps of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method finds the value at which point?
a) At the (n+0.5)th point
b) At the (n+1)th point
c) At the (n-1)th point
d) At the nth point
Answer: a
92. The first two steps of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method use __________
a) Euler methods
b) Forward Euler method
c) Backward Euler method
d) Explicit Euler method
Answer: a
93. Consider an nth order accurate Runge-Kutta method. How many times is the derivative
evaluated at the fourth time-step?
a) one time
b) two times
c) four times
d) n times
Answer: d
94. Which of these is a disadvantage of the Runge-Kutta method over the multipoint method?
a) Computational stability
b) Computational cost
c) Accuracy
d) Convergence
Answer: b
95.If a generator of 250MVA rating has an inertia constant of 6MJ/MVA, its inertia constant on a
100MVA base is:
a) 15 MJ/MVA
b) 10.5 MJ/MVA
c) 6 MJ/MVA
d) 2,4 MJ/MVA
96.The use of high speed breakers can:

a) Increase the transient stability

b) Decrease the transient stability

c) Increase the steady state stability

d) Decrease the steady state stability

97.The transient stability limit of the power system can be increased by introducing:

a) Series Inductance

b) Shunt Inductance

c) Series Capacitance

d) Shunt Capacitance

98.The steady state stability of the power system can be improved by:

a) Increasing the number of parallel lines between the transmission points

b) Connecting capacitors in series with the line

c) Reducing the excitation of the machines

d) Both a and b

99.The stability of the power system is not affected by:

a) Generator reactance

b) Line reactance

c) Excitation of the generator

d) Line losses

100. Which one of the following is true

a) Steady State Stability limit is greater than Transient Stability limit

b) Steady State Stability limit is equal to Transient Stability limit

c) Steady State Stability limit is lee than Transient Stability limit

d) None of the above