Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Space technology is technology for use in travel or activities beyond Earth's

atmosphere, for purposes such as spaceflight or space exploration. Space technology
includes space vehicles such as spacecraft, satellites, space stations and orbital launch
vehicles; deep-space communication; in-space propulsion; and a wide variety of other
technologies including support infrastructure equipment, and procedures. The space
environment is a sufficiently novel environment that attempting to work in it often
requires new tools and techniques. Many common everyday services for terrestrial use
such as weather forecasting, remote sensing, satellite navigation systems, satellite
television, and some long-distance communications systems critically rely on space
infrastructure. Of the sciences, astronomy and Earth science benefit from space
technology. New technologies originating with or accelerated by space-related
endeavors are often subsequently exploited in other economic activities.

If space has always has been enigma for mankind then the moon has always
served has the first post any attempt at understanding deeper space. We know have
the access to even faster computers we have need in order to study there larger
planets. Requirements and information technology in space has increased drastically
over the last decade. The technology the in the space sector have remained more or
less unchanged for long time.

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Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

CHAPTER 2

SATELLITE

A satellite is an object that has been intentionally placed into orbit. These
objects are called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as
Earth's Moon. On 4 October 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first
artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. Since then, about 8,900 satellites from more than 40
countries have been launched. Of those, about 1,900 were operational, while the rest
had exceeded their useful lives and become space debris. In terms of countries with
the most satellites, the United States has the most with 1,897 satellites. China is
second with 412, and Russia third with 176.

Satellites are used for many purposes. Among several other applications, they
can be used to make star maps and maps of planetary surfaces, and also take pictures
of planets they are launched into. Common types include military and civilian Earth
observation satellites, communications satellites, navigation satellites, weather
satellites, and space telescopes. Space station and human spacecraft in orbit are also
satellites. Satellites are usually semi-independent computer-controlled systems.
Satellite subsystems attend many tasks, such as power generation, thermal control,
telemetry, attitude control, scientific instrumentation, communication, etc

Fig.2.1 Satellite

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Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

CHAPTER 3

APPLICATIONS

 Weather and Climate

 Geology and Geomorphology

 Governance

 Forest and Environment

 Agriculture and soils

 Land Resources

 Ocean Science

 Rural Development

 Water Resources

 Urban Development.

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Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

CHAPTER 4

SATELLITE TRACKING

Today there are more than 5000 satellite in our space . These are keep track by
telementary and control system thousands of observatories computers communication
system and human being work around the clock around the earth to keep their satellite
in proper condition and on the right path.

 Telemetry tracking and control are three major functions that make happen.

 Satellite telemetry controlling and monitoring condition of rouets and

measuring condition of atmosphere and ocean from outer space using artificial
satellite.

 Spacecraft, satellite send information about their own flight path and data to
earth.

 A basic telemetry system consist measuring instrument transmitter and

receiving station.

 Web based telemetry solution enable such activities using web browser and
can be used from any machine on ground system network you can get some
www.netacquire.

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Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

CHAPTER 5

SPACE STATION

Space station, also known as an orbital station or an orbital space station, is a

spacecraft capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of
time, and is therefore a type of space habitat. It lacks major propulsion or landing
systems. Stations must have docking ports to allow other spacecraft to dock to transfer
crew and supplies.

Space stations have most often been launched for scientific purposes, but
military launches have also occurred. As of 2021, there is one fully operational and
permanently inhabited space station in low Earth orbit: the International Space Station
which is used to study the effects of spaceflight on the human body as well as to
provide a location to conduct a greater number and longer length of scientific studies
than is possible on other space vehicles.

Fig.5.1 Space Station

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Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

CHAPTER 6

SPACE CRAFT

A spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space. A type of

artificial satellite, spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including
communications, Earth observation, meteorology, navigation, space colonization,
planetary exploration, and transportation of humans and cargo.

All space craft except single stage to orbit vehicles cannot get into space on
their own, and require a launch vehicle On a sub orbital spaceflight, a space vehicle
enters space and then returns to the surface, without having gained sufficient energy
or velocity to make a full orbit of the Earth.

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Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

CHAPTER 7

SPACE CRAFT PROPULSION

Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial

satellites. In-space propulsion exclusively deals with propulsion systems used in the
vacuum of space and should not be confused with space launch or atmospheric entry.
Several methods of pragmatic spacecraft propulsion have been developed each having
its own drawbacks and advantages.

Most satellites have simple reliable chemical thrusters or resist jet rockets for
orbital station-keeping and some use momentum wheels for attitude control. Soviet
bloc satellites have used electric propulsion for decades, and newer Western geo-
orbiting spacecraft are starting to use them for north–south station-keeping and orbit
raising. Interplanetary vehicles mostly use chemical rockets as well, although a few
have used ion thrusters and Hall-effect thrusters (two different types of electric
propulsion) to great success.

Fig.7.1 Spacecraft propulsion

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Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

CHAPTER 8

SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND ITS USES

1. Space technology is technology that related to entering and retrieving object or life
forms from space.

2. Everyday technology such as weather fore casting remote sensing , GPS system,
satellite television and some long distance communication system critically relay on
space infrastructure

3. Where whether forecasting is that nowadays people are recognizing weather from
up from after two days our further together also we can recognize the space of
weather forecasting. It only uses by the satellite it is useful by information
technology.

4. In the weather we can recognising that whether before further for the future 5 years
is the best development information technology and the remote sensing.

5. Remote sensing means in every mechanism or the television gadget other

electronic devices are run with remote with without any production without any wear
or anything by without with the signal or the information technology in the based on
the remotes are sharing that using the remote to do process simply and the gps system.

6. Mobile phone are working with the help of the satellite television the signal of the
far distance coming towards satellite .

7. Television are working with out with the satellite television under some long
distance communication the communication process is long process which and we can
easily talk with the Americans without the disturbance or education with the help of
satellite technology. These are the uses of space technology.

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Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

CHAPTER 9

KEY TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT

The high risk, high payoff technologies which have the greatest potential for
improving the capabilities and reducing the costs of the space organisation, other
government and commercial space programs in the2000 to 2050 time period are to be
determined. It also involves the determination of which of these technologies could
benefit most from long lead time development. Determining the exact amount of
funding is beyond the scope of this report, but NASA has assumed that funding each
technology of about 3 million to 5 million a year for three to five years would be
sufficient to create a high probability of significant advances. The list of key
technologies is not static, nor does It represent all of the high risk; high payoff
technologies NASA should pursue. The technologies below represent a small but
broad investment portfolio that appears to build high promise for large future benefits
at the cost of a small investment.

9.1 WIDEBAND COMMUNICATIONS OVER PLANETARY DISTANCES

Wideband, high data- rate communications over planetary distances could

enable live transmissions of high resolution images from robotic rovers, orbiters, and
astronauts on mission to other planets. The need to develop technologies including
high-precision spatial acquisition and tracking systems and high-efficiency lasers to
support such communications over planetary distances.

9.2 PRECISELY CONTROLLED SPACE STRUCTURES

Structures in weightless environment especially structures that are unique to

space pose difficult control challenges. These challenges must be met to enable the
next generation of instruments for space based astronomy and to support the
development very large antennas for communications and remote sensing. As far as
research in this area is concerned NASA in uniquely suited for this type of research in
area such as controlling deformable reflectors and formation flying of spacecraft to
created distributed sensors.

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Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

9.3 MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS FOR SPACE

Microelectromechanical systems could enable the development of small,

relatively low cost spacecraft devices and subsystems with very low mass, volume
and power consumption. These systems could be used to enhances conventional;
spacecraft or to create miniature spacecraft that could be enable a broad range of new
space activities. Although a vitreous government and industry supported
Microelectromechanical systems research effort is underway, little to this work is
aimed at space applications.

9.4 SPACE NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS

Advanced space nuclear power systems will probably be required to support

deep space missions, lunar and planetary bases, extended human exploration
missions, and high thrust, high efficiency propulsion systems. A major investment
will eventually be needed to develop advanced space nuclear power sources, but low-
cost research and technology development investments can make the systems that are
eventually developed more efficient, less expensive and safer.

9.5 LOW-COST, RADIATION-RESISTANT MEMORIES & ELECTRONICS

Radiation in the space environment can damage sensitive electronic, disrupt

signals, cause single-event phenomena, and degrade microelectronic device. Low
cost, high capacity, low mass, radiation-resistant memories and electronics are not
currently available. But NASA’s support lays the groundwork for major
improvements in radiation-resistant memories and electronics.

9.6 EXTRACTION OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL RESOURCES

The capacity to extract and utilize space resources can significantly improve
the performance and lower the cost of planetary exploration, reduce the cost of
constructing and shielding human habitants, and enable and accelerate the
development of new generations of in space capabilities.

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Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

9.7 INTERPLANETARY PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIES

Solar Electric Propulsion Propellants. These technologies reduce the cost of

planetary exploration, and would enable the development of new generation space
technology.

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Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

CHAPTER 10

CONCLUSION

1. Space technologies that will lower the cost and improve the performance of
existing space activities and enable new ones.

2. Advanced space technologies needed to enable many potential space activities and
reduce the cost and improve the performance of others.

3. Further space technology will rely heavily on robotics and AI to assist human terms
of astronauts. Researchers hope that robot will be able to perform maintains and
repairs on existing space station while adding scientist data collection and analysis.

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Seminar Report 2021-22 IT in Space

REFRENCE

 Guo, J. (2014) Application Value of White Space in Graphic Design. Journal

of Jilin Radio and TV University, 4, 62-63.

 Xie, Q. (2007) “White Space” Art Language in Printing Art Design. Art and
Design: Theory, No. 2, 28-30.

 Zhu, Q.Y. (2011) On White Space Art in Layout Design. Art 100, A02, 137-
138.

 Li, H.M. (2017) The Exploration of White Space Image in Layout Design.
Journal of Northwest Fine Arts-Xi’an Academy of Fine Arts, 7, 74-77.

 Hudakdavid, G. (2003) White Graphics: The Power of White in Graphic

Design. Technical Communication

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