EXPERIMENT NO.

1
SINGLE - STAGE BJT AMPLIFIER

I. INTRODUCTION:

The analysis and design of a transistor amplifier requires knowledge of both the DC and
AC response of the system. The improved output AC power level is actually the result of
a transfer of energy from the applied DC supplies.

In the DC analysis of amplifiers, the proper biasing is determined. Biasing is very

important in amplifier design as it establishes the correct operating point of the transistor
amplifier and thus reduces any distortion at the output signal. The operating point is
called the quiescent point, or simply the Q point.

In the AC analysis, the actual gain of the amplifier is computed.

The most common circuit configuration for an NPN transistor is that of the Common
Emitter Amplifier.

The Common Emitter Voltage Divider Bias Amplifier circuit is shown below. This type of
biasing arrangement uses two resistors as a voltage divider network and is commonly
used in the design of BJT amplifier circuits. This method of biasing the transistor has the
best stability because it greatly reduces the effects of varying Beta, ( β ) by holding the
base bias at a steady voltage.

Figure 1-1 Common Emitter VDB Amplifier

Evaluation Copy Single-Stage BJT Amplifier

Student’s Manual Page 1 of 12
To compute for the DC values of current and voltages, use:

where:

and

In the AC analysis of amplifiers, the circuit is first converted to a suitable model for easy
analysis, like the re model.

Figure 1-2 CE VDB Amplifier re Model

To compute for the input impedance Zi and output impedance Zo, use:

and

Where:

The no load voltage gain is computed as:

if ro≥10RC and ro is ignored

And as if ro is considered

The loaded voltage gain, AVL is computed as:

where Vo and Vi are taken when load is connected to the system.

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In the presence of an AC source with corresponding internal resistance, Rs and load
connected at the output, RL the net voltage gain from source open-circuit voltage to the
output load voltage, AVSO may also be computed.

AVSO = Vo/Vs
= input loading factor,ILF X No load voltage gain, A VNL X output loading factor,OLF

Or that would be:

References:

1. Boylestad, R. and Nashelsky L. (2009). Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory. 10th ed.
Singapore: Pearson Education, Inc.

2. Stanley, W. (2001). Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits, 4th Ed. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall

3. Malvino, A. (2007). Electronic Principles. 7th ed. New York:Glencoe McGraw-Hill.

4. http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~gan/teaching/summer04/Lec7.pdf

II. GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

To develop a deeper understanding on operation of a single-stage CE VDB Amplifier

and design such under certain constraints.

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 EXPERIMENT NO. 1
SINGLE - STAGE BJT AMPLIFIER
(PART 1- PRELAB)
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NAME (leader): ____________________ DATE PERFORMED:

(member): ___________________ DATE SUBMITTED:
SECTION: CLASS SCHEDULE:
GROUP NO.: INSTRUCTOR:

II-1. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

1. Perform theoretical DC signal analysis to a single-stage BJT amplifier to find the

value of IE and re.
2. Perform theoretical AC signal analysis to a single-stage BJT amplifier to find the
amplifier’s no load voltage gain, AVNL and loaded Voltage gain AVL.

III. EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS NEEDED:

Calculator
Pen

IV. PROCEDURE:
1. Consider a single - stage BJT amplifier below, assume that β = 150.

NOTE: Transistors of the same type and part number will have large variations in their
Beta value, this is because Beta is a characteristic of their construction and not their
operation.

Figure 1-3 Single- Stage BJT Amplifier with Source and Load Resistance

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Student’s 20
Manual
mVpp Page 4 of 12
1 kHz
2. Calculate the DC values of the base, collector, and emitter currents, I B, IC and IE
respectively. Record the data in table 1-1.

3. Calculate the re value. Record the answer in table 1-1 also.

4. Calculate the input impedance, Zi, output impedance, Zo, input voltage Vi, the output
voltage, Vo, the load voltage, V L, the no-load voltage gain, A VNL and the loaded voltage
gain of the circuit, AVL and the net voltage gain from source open-circuit voltage to the
output load voltage, AVSO. Record the data in table 1-2.

V. DATA AND RESULTS:

Table 1-1 Computed DC Currents and re value of the Single-Stage BJT Amplifier
Ib
Ic
Ie
re

Table 1-2 Computed AC parameters of the Single-Stage BJT Amplifier

Zi
Zo
Vs 20 mVpp SOLUTION:
Vi with no load, RL
Vo with no load, RL
Vi with load, RL
Vo with load, RL
VL
AVNL
AVL
AVSO

EXPERIMENT NO. 1
SINGLE - STAGE BJT AMPLIFIER
(PART 2 - LAB PROPER)

NAME(leader): _____________________ DATE PERFORMED:

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 (member): ____________________ DATE SUBMITTED:
SECTION: CLASS SCHEDULE:
GROUP NO.: INSTRUCTOR:

II-2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

1. Construct a single – stage BJT amplifier in a breadboard.

2. Measure the AC and DC parameters of a single – stage BJT amplifier using
laboratory equipments.
3. Observe the phase shift of a single – stage BJT amplifier.

III. EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS NEEDED:

(1) breadboard (1) transistor: 2N3904

(1) VOM (6) resistors: two 1 kΩ, 1.5 kΩ, 2.2kΩ,
(1) function generator 3.6 kΩ, 10 kΩ
(1) oscilloscope (3) capacitors: two 1uF, 470 uF
(1) power supply: 10 V

IV. PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the single – stage BJT amplifier below.

Figure 1-3 Single- Stage BJT Amplifier with Source and Load Resistance
2. Measure the DC values of the base, collector, and emitter currents, I B, IC and IE
respectively. Record the data in table 1-3.

3. Compute the experimental value of re. Record your answer in table 1-3 also.

4. Measure the input voltage Vi, the output voltage, Vo and the load voltage, V L. Record
all data in table 1-4.

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5. Compute the experimental values of the no load voltage gain, A VNL, loaded voltage
gain of the circuit, AVL and the net voltage gain from source open-circuit voltage to the
output load voltage, AVSO. Record the data in table 1-4.

NOTE:
1. the ohmmeter cannot be used to measure the small signal ac input and output
impedance since the ohmmeter operates in the dc mode.
2. the experimental value of re may also be computed using the equation:

6. Observe the phase difference in the input and output signals of the single – stage
BJT amplifier. Draw the waveform as figure 1-4.

V. DATA AND RESULTS:

Table 1-3 Measured DC Current values and experimental re value of a Single - Stage BJT
Amplifier
Ib
Ic
Ie
re

Table 1-4 Measured AC parameters and Experimental Values of A VNL and AVL of the
Single-Stage BJT Amplifier
Zi ---------------------
Zo ---------------------
Vs 20 mVpp
Vi with no load, RL
Vo with no load, RL
Vi with load, RL
Vo with load, RL
VL
AVNL
AVL
AVSO

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Figure 1-4 The Scope Screen Showing the Input and Output Voltages of Single – Stage
BJT amplifier
 EXPERIMENT NO. 1
SINGLE - STAGE BJT AMPLIFIER
(PART 3 – DESIGN/SIMULATION)

NAME(leader): _____________________ DATE PERFORMED:

(member): ____________________ DATE SUBMITTED:
SECTION: CLASS SCHEDULE:
GROUP NO.: INSTRUCTOR:

II-3. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

1. Construct a single - stage BJT amplifier using multisim 11 student edition

software.
2. Design a CE single - stage BJT amplifier under certain constraints using
multisim 11 student edition software.

III. EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS NEEDED:

1 PC with multisim 11 - student edition installed

Printer

IV. PROCEDURE:
1. Change the value of the no load voltage gain of the figure below to 100 by selecting
the right value of RC replacement. Record the new RC value in table 1-5.
 Figure 1-3 Single- Stage BJT Amplifier with Source and Load Resistance
2. Connect the design using multisim 11.

3. Measure the input voltage, Vi, and the output voltage when there is no load.
Calculate the experimental value of the no load voltage gain. Record data in table 1-5

4. Draw the design as figure 1-5.

V. DATA AND RESULTS:

Table 1-5 New Design for the Single- Stage BJT Amplifier
RC
Vi
Vo
AVNL

Figure 1-5 New Design for the Single- Stage BJT Amplifier
 EXPERIMENT NO. 1
SINGLE - STAGE BJT AMPLIFIER

NAME: DATE PERFORMED:

SECTION: DATE SUBMITTED:
GROUP NO.: INSTRUCTOR:

VI. CONCLUSION:

NOTE: Base your conclusion on the specific objectives stated in parts 1, 2 and 3 of the
experiment.

Part 1
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Part 2.
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Percentage of errors of the data taken in parts 1 and 2:

Part 3
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VII. BIBLE VERSE:

Instruction: Write a bible verse below which you think guided you in finishing the task
given to you by your group or your instructor.
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