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Science: Quarter 1 - Module 3: Processes and Landforms Along Plate Boundaries

This document provides an overview of the key geological processes that occur along different types of plate boundaries: 1) Convergent boundaries can involve two oceanic plates, an oceanic and continental plate, or two continental plates. Subduction, volcanoes, earthquakes and landforms like mountain ranges can result. 2) Divergent boundaries under oceans create rift valleys as the plates pull apart and new seafloor is created through seafloor spreading. 3) Transform boundaries involve plates sliding past each other. The document describes these processes in more detail and provides diagrams to illustrate examples of different boundary types. It also lists learning objectives related to explaining the geological processes and landforms associated with

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69 views

Science: Quarter 1 - Module 3: Processes and Landforms Along Plate Boundaries

This document provides an overview of the key geological processes that occur along different types of plate boundaries: 1) Convergent boundaries can involve two oceanic plates, an oceanic and continental plate, or two continental plates. Subduction, volcanoes, earthquakes and landforms like mountain ranges can result. 2) Divergent boundaries under oceans create rift valleys as the plates pull apart and new seafloor is created through seafloor spreading. 3) Transform boundaries involve plates sliding past each other. The document describes these processes in more detail and provides diagrams to illustrate examples of different boundary types. It also lists learning objectives related to explaining the geological processes and landforms associated with

Uploaded by

ayella venizze tan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science

Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Processes and Landforms
Along Plate Boundaries

In Lesson 1, we will identify the geological processes, how and why


they take place in the different types of convergent plate boundaries which
happen between:

 two oceanic plates


 oceanic-continental plates
 two continental plates
In Lesson 2, the different processes taking place at a divergent plate
boundary, where and why they take place, and their effects will be discussed.

In Lesson 3, we shall discuss the transform fault boundary, also known


as strike-slip boundary.

There are activities included in this module. Please perform them with
patience, and you will be fascinated with what you will observe and learn.

After going through the activities and discussions in this module, you
are expected to be able to:

1. explain the different processes that occur along the plate


boundaries; and (S10ES-Ia-j-36.3), and
2. name the landforms produced in each type of plate boundary.
Lesson Processes and Landforms

1 Along with Convergence of


Plates
Do you still remember these three types of plate boundaries?

Which type of plate boundary is illustrated in each of the following figures


below?

A. B) C)

In A, the arrows point toward each other, so it shows a convergent boundary.


With this type of boundary, plates meet or converge. In B, the arrows point away
from each other, showing a divergent boundary. Here, the plates separate or move
away or diverge. While in C, arrows slide past each other, illustrating a transform
fault boundary.

Figure 1. Convergence of oceanic and continental crust


When an oceanic crust converges with a continental crust, a crack
between the crusts underwater, called trench, is formed. Since the oceanic
crust has greater mass due to the presence of water on it, so, its density also
is greater. This causes it to dive down or subduct under the overriding plate,
the continental plate. Subduction is the process by which a plate dives
under a less dense plate. At the mantle, the leading edge of the
subducting plate melts or becomes fluid. It turns into a hot molten
material which we call magma. Due to the heat in the mantle, the magma
builds up a pressure that
enables it to push the ground above it. The column of rising magma is
called a mantle plume. When there is volcanic activity such as an
eruption, the ground moves, and so an earthquake is felt. Because
subduction continues, a group of volcanoes, called volcanic arc, is
formed at the surface of the continental crust along the boundary where
the two crusts converged. The movement of the ground may cause a
disturbance in the ocean. The water may flip or kick upwards to a few
meters high. This is what we call tsunamis, a Japanese term for harbor
wave. This event is very dangerous when it moves inland, destroying
lives and properties.

In the convergence between two oceanic crusts, one dives or


subducts under the other.
The figure below shows two crusts underwater, so they are both
oceanic crusts. You must have noticed that there is a boundary line
between the crusts, a trench. It is a crack on the crust which is
underwater

Figure 2. Oceanic Crusts Convergence

The convergence of two oceanic crusts results in some similar


events compared to the first type of convergence. Tsunamis may be
formed. Earthquakes may happen. There is also subduction because
one plate is denser than the other. The front part of the subducting plate
becomes magma upon reaching the mantle. Then it builds up
pressure due to heat, pushes the crust above it, forming a volcano. This
is a continuous process. Since the plates are moving, the volcano will
move with the plate. It becomes extinct when it is no longer above the
magma deposit in the mantle. A new volcano will then be formed. This
series of volcanoes is called volcanic island arc since it is surrounded
by water.

This explains why the Philippines is mostly loaded with volcanoes. The different
islands were believed to have originated from the convergence of two oceanic
crusts.
Mountain range

Continental Continental
crust crust

Converging continental crusts or plates result in a collision zone, which could


cause shallow earthquakes. At that place, a crack called fault is formed. This type of
convergence will cause no subduction since the two plates have the same densities.
There would be no volcanoes formed, no tsunamis. The convergence will result in a
group of high landforms that we call mountain ranges.

Divergent plate boundaries mostly happen under the oceans. As plates


pull away from each other, a vertical space that may extend deep down into
the lowest layer of the crust is created. It is a rift valley. The force of
separation creates a tension zone. A shallow earthquake may happen with
this plate movement.
Plate divergence is believed to be a slow continuous process. As the plates move
away, the gap between them increases. While this happens, materials from the mantle
may rise, filling up the space. These materials pile up near the tension zone forming
mountain-like structures called oceanic ridges. But new materials from the mantle may
push the old ones. The filled-up space between the plates becomes a new seafloor. This
process is known as seafloor spreading.

References
Printed Materials

Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS)


(2015) Science-Grade 10 Learner’s Material. Rex Book Store, Inc.

Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS)


(2015) Science-Grade 10 Teacher’s Guide. Rex Book Store, Inc.

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