10

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Processes and Landforms
Along Plate Boundaries

CO_Q1_Science10_Module3
 What I Know

Before you start in this module, kindly assess your understanding of the
lesson by answering the Pre-test.
Pre-test
Directions: Choose the letter corresponding to the correct answer. Write your
answers on a separate sheet.

1. When magma in the earth’s mantle develops a great pressure, the ground above it
is pushed upward. If this happens in the middle of an ocean, what landform is
produced?
A. mountain B. volcanic island C. volcano D. continent

2. The tall landform created when two continental plates converge is called_______.
A. mountain range B. volcanic arc C. rift valley D. Oceanic ridge

3. It is a plate that dives down under a less dense plate during subduction.
A. subducting plate B. continental plate C. mantle D. overriding plate

4. Materials in the mantle flow up and down. Which of the following best describes
the mantle?
A. a solid layer B. partially liquid C. a metallic layer D. very hot layer

5. Which of the following happens when plates diverge or move away from each other?
A. The crust is destroyed.
B. New crust is produced because magma rises, then cools off and turns into
solid.
C. Earth’s size changes because mountains are added on the earth’s surface.
D. The mantle rises.

6. A rift valley is formed simultaneously with which of the following type of plate
boundary?
A. Convergent C. Transform fault
B. Divergent D. Both convergent and divergent

7. How do the plates move when we feel that the ground is shaking?
A. toward each other
B. away from each other
C. slide past each other
D. all of the above

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8. It is a landform produced when two continental plates converge.
A. volcano B. fault C. mountain D. volcanic island

9. Most transform fault boundaries are found in the oceans; a few are on the
continents. An example of this type is the San Andreas Fault located in
A. Marikina, Philippines B. California, USA C. Japan D. Saudi Arabia

10. It is otherwise known as an underwater mountain.

A. oceanic ridge B. trench C. hill D. volcanic island

11. It is a chain of volcanoes developed parallel to a trench or a crack under the

ocean.
A. mountain range C. volcanic island arc
B. volcanoes D. mountainous

12. It is formed when ocean water flips upward, sometimes up to certain meters high,
due to the great push caused by convergence of plates.
A. wave C. tides
B. tsunami D. storm

13. It is the point where two plates meet or collide while converging.
A. collision zone C. subduction zone
B. sinking point D. meeting point

14. The place where a subducting plate reaches the mantle during convergence.
A. collision zone C. mantle plume
B. subduction zone D. magma

15. The word used to refer to the shaking of the ground due to any activity in the
lithosphere.
A. intensity B. earthquake C. Volcanism D. wave

Your answers to the fifteen items must be checked immediately to determine

whether you still need to go through the module or not. A score of 15 out of 15 would
mean that you can skip the module; 8 to 14 out of 15 items implies that you must
proceed.

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 Lesson Processes and Landforms

1 Along with Convergence of

Plates

What’s In

You have previously learned that the convection current in the Earth’s mantle
caused the crust to break into smaller segments. Spaces in between or at plate
boundaries are created. These plate boundaries are named according to the relative
movement of the plates with each other.

Do you still remember these three types of plate boundaries?

Which type of plate boundary is illustrated in each of the following figures

below?

A. B) C)

In A, the arrows point toward each other, so it shows a convergent boundary.

With this type of boundary, plates meet or converge. In B, the arrows point away
from each other, showing a divergent boundary. Here, the plates separate or move
away or diverge. While in C, arrows slide past each other, illustrating a transform
fault boundary.

Notes to the Teacher

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 What is It

In the activity setups, take note that the crusts are moving toward each
other. The foams represent different types of crust. The dry foam represents
a continental crust; the wet foam, an oceanic crust. They are converging.

A continental crust curves upward on top of the oceanic crust due to

its lesser density. The oceanic crust, due to its greater density, stays below.

Figure 1. Convergence of oceanic and continental crust

When an oceanic crust converges with a continental crust, a crack
between the crusts underwater, called trench, is formed. Since the oceanic
crust has greater mass due to the presence of water on it, so, its density also
is greater. This causes it to dive down or subduct under the overriding plate,
the continental plate. Subduction is the process by which a plate dives under
a less dense plate. At the mantle, the leading edge of the subducting plate
melts or becomes fluid. It turns into a hot molten material which we call
magma. Due to the heat in the mantle, the magma builds up a pressure that
enables it to push the ground above it. The column of rising magma is called
a mantle plume. When there is volcanic activity such as an eruption, the
ground moves, and so an earthquake is felt. Because subduction continues,
a group of volcanoes, called volcanic arc, is formed at the surface of the
continental crust along the boundary where the two crusts converged. The
movement of the ground may cause a disturbance in the ocean. The water
may flip or kick upwards to a few meters high. This is what we call tsunamis,
a Japanese term for harbor wave. This event is very dangerous when it moves
inland, destroying lives and properties.
In the convergence between two oceanic crusts, one dives or subducts
under the other.
The figure below shows two crusts underwater, so they are both
oceanic crusts. You must have noticed that there is a boundary line
between the crusts, a trench. It is a crack on the crust which is underwater

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 Figure 2. Oceanic Crusts Convergence
The convergence of two oceanic crusts results in some similar events
compared to the first type of convergence. Tsunamis may be formed.
Earthquakes may happen. There is also subduction because one plate is
denser than the other. The front part of the subducting plate becomes magma
upon reaching the mantle. Then it builds up pressure due to heat, pushes
the crust above it, forming a volcano. This is a continuous process. Since the
plates are moving, the volcano will move with the plate. It becomes extinct
when it is no longer above the magma deposit in the mantle. A new volcano
will then be formed. This series of volcanoes is called volcanic island arc
since it is surrounded by water.
This explains why the
Philippines is mostly loaded with
volcanoes. The different islands were
believed to have originated from the Mountain range
convergence of two oceanic crusts.
Converging continental crusts or
plates result in a collision zone, which Continental Continental
could cause shallow earthquakes. At that crust crust
place, a crack called fault is formed. This
type of convergence will cause no
subduction since the two plates have the
same densities. There would be no
volcanoes formed, no tsunamis. The convergence will result in a group of high
landforms that we call mountain ranges.

What I Have Learned

Fill in each blank with the correct word found in the parenthesis.

A) As continental plate converges with an oceanic plate, the (1) __________

(continental, oceanic) plate dives under the (2)__________(continental, oceanic) plate.
The process of diving down towards the mantle is called (3)____________(subduction,
floatation).
When the leading edge of the subducting plate reaches the mantle, it melts
turning into (4)________(magma, crust) which builds up a pressure making it push
the ground above it forming at the surface a (5) _________(volcano, mountain).

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 At the oceanic plate, a depression called (6)_______(trench, fault) is formed
along the boundary. Parallel to it, a series of volcanoes called (7)___________(volcanic
island, volcanic island arc) may be formed.
Simultaneous with the convergence, the ground may shake, and so, we
experience an earthquake. This shaking may disturb the water surface and may
make the water flip upwards to a certain height. This event is called
(8)____________(tsunami, wave).
B) When two oceanic plates converge, the denser plate subducts. Once its
leading edge reaches the mantle, it melts into a magma, builds up a pressure that
makes it push the ground above it, forming a (9)___________(volcanic island,
mountain). At the collision zone, a crack called (10)___________(trench, fault) is
formed. This depression could be the cause of the shaking of the ground, called an
(11)_____________(earthquake, storm). At the water surface, the overriding plate may
push a big amount of water causing it to flip upwards forming a (12)____________
(tsunami, wave).
C) The convergence between two continental plates results to a landform
called(13)____________(volcanic arc, mountain ranges). Since both plates have the
same densities, no plate subducts under the other. There is (14)_________________(no
volcanic, volcanic) formation. However, since the ground moves, a phenomenon
called (15)_______________(earthquake, storm) may be felt in nearby places.

Lesson Processes and Landforms

2 Along Divergent Boundary

What’s New

With the figure below, analyze the effect of the separation of the lithospheric
plates. Identify the landforms created and the processes that take place with this
type of boundary.

Figure 5: Divergence of Plates

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 What is It

Divergent plate boundaries mostly happen under the oceans. As plates pull
away from each other, a vertical space that may extend deep down into the lowest
layer of the crust is created. It is a rift valley. The force of separation creates a
tension zone. A shallow earthquake may happen with this plate movement.

Plate divergence is believed to be a slow continuous process. As the plates

move away, the gap between them increases. While this happens, materials from the
mantle may rise, filling up the space. These materials pile up near the tension zone
forming mountain-like structures called oceanic ridges. But new materials from the
mantle may push the old ones. The filled-up space between the plates becomes a
new seafloor. This process is known as seafloor spreading.

What I Have Learned

Divergence of plates results to the creation of down faulted valleys called

(Q8)_____________(rift valleys, oceanic ridges) and underwater mountain ranges called
(Q9)________________(rift valleys, oceanic ridges). At the tension zone, materials from
the mantle may rise to the surface of the ocean floor, cools down and become new
(Q10)_______________(crust, mantle).

Lesson Processes and Landforms

3 Along Transform Fault

Boundary

What’s New

The next type of plate boundary is what everyone fears about these days. It
is the transform fault boundary. With this type of boundary, another geologic feature
is formed, and events happen. Study the figure below.

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 Figure 6: Transform Fault Boundary

What is It

Transform fault boundary is mostly found in oceans, but there are few that
traverse through continental crust .

Figure 7. A Faultline

This is characterized by plates moving horizontally against each other,

producing a crack called fault on the ground. The force, the plates exert can break
the rocks and other materials under the ground. The shaking usually ends abruptly.
This is why it brings about strong earthquakes. The fault could swallow humans,
cars, and buildings. Murky odorous water from under the ground may spring up
from the fault. Most faults do not totally close when the shaking ceases since the
adjoining edges have already moved farther from each other.

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 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer:

1. There is no formation of volcanoes in the convergence between __________.

A. two oceanic plates C. oceanic and continental plates
B. two continental plates D. none of these
2. When a plate is denser, it subducts toward the mantle and forms magma. This
process ends up in the formation of ______.
A. mountain range C. volcanoes
B. trenches D. faults
3. Shallow earthquakes are associated with __________.
A. volcanic eruption C. a tsunami in the ocean
B. subduction process D. mountain formation
4. In the convergence between a continental and an oceanic plate, there is
subduction. Which of the following statements does not support this fact?
A. One plate carries water along with it.
B. One plate is denser.
C. The temperature in the mantle is higher than in the crust.
D. One plate overrides the other.
5. Which of the following is formed in the convergence of two oceanic or oceanic and
continental plates?
A. Volcanic island arcs C. rift valley
B. mountain range D. Oceanic ridge
6. Of the following, which event or process takes place when two continental plates
converge?
A. earthquake C. tsunami
B. subduction D. magma formation
7. A crack on the ground underwater is produced when oceanic crust interacts with
another crust. What do we call this geologic feature?
A. fault C. ridge
B. trench D. crack
8. It is a phenomenon that takes place due to the movement of plates during
convergence.
A. earthquake C. subduction
B. magma formation D. tsunami
9. It is the crack on the dry ground or plate caused by horizontal plate movement.
A. fault C. valley
B. trench D. ridge

14 CO_Q1_Science10_Module3
10. It is an event that may take place on the water surface when a great force pushes
a significant amount of water upwards.
A. ocean wave C. tsunami
B. typhoon D. ocean tide
11. Subduction is illustrated in which of the following?
A. convergent plate boundary C. divergent plate boundary
B. transform fault boundary D. subducting plates
12. Which of the following correctly illustrates seafloor spreading?

A. C.

B. D.

13. Earthquake, as an effect of plate movement, results in boundaries where plates

are
a. converging b. sliding past c. diverging d. subducting
A. a only B. b only C. a and b D. a, b, and c
14. Most of the Philippine Islands were once part of island arcs. This means that
along with this boundary, there once existed two ___________.
A. converging continental plates C. converging oceanic plates
B. diverging plates D. plates sliding past each other
15. Why are volcanoes mostly found at places where continents meet the seas?
A. It is where water meets land.
B. It is where the oceanic plates subduct under the continental plate.
C. Underneath it is a subduction zone.
D. More magma is produced under the ground because of the muddy seafloor.

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CO_Q1_Science10_Module3 17
Lesson 1 Lesson 2
What I Have Learned What I Have Learned
1.oceanic Q8. rift valleys
2.continental Q9. Oceanic ridges
3.subduction Q10. Crust
4.magma
5.volcano
6.trench
7.volcanic island arc
8.tsunami
9.volcanic island
10.trench
11.earthquake
12.tsunami
13.mountain ranges
14.no volcanic
15.earthquake
What I Know
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. C
9. B 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B
Answer Key