CHAPTER VII

STEAM GENERATOR
1. A steam boiler on a test generates 885,000 lb of steam in a 4 hr period. The average steam pressure is 400
psia, the average steam temperature is 700 0F. If the boiler efficiency for the period is 82.5% and if the coal has a
heating values of 13,850 Btu/lb as fired, find the average amount of coal burned in short tons per hour.

a. 9.84 short tons per hour c. 10.75 short tons per hour
b. 12.05 short tons per hour d. 11.45 short tons per hour
Solution:

At 400 psia∧700℉ :

Btu
h2=1362.7
lb

At 280 ℉ :

Btu
h1=249.1
lb

ms ( h2−h1 )
e bo=
mf Qh

885,000
0.825=
( 4
( 162.7−249.1 ) )

m f ( 13,850 )

lb 1 short ton
mf =21,563 (
hr 2000lbs )
thus;

ton
mf =10.78 shor
hr

2. A boiler operating at 11 kg/cm2 is required to generate a minimum of 50,000 kg/hr of saturated steam.
Feedwater enters the boiler at 800C. The furnace is designed to fire coal at an average rate of 4,800 kg/hr and
boiler efficiency is 85%. Compute the developed boiler horsepower.

a. 3,462.52 Hp c. 5,234.75 Hp
b. 4,356.78 Hp d. 2,590.45 Hp
Solution:

kg
At 11 ∧1.0971 MPa:
c m2

kJ
hs =h g=2781
kg

At 80℃ :

kJ
hf =334.91
kg
 ( ms ( hs−hf ) )
Developed Boiler Hp=
35,322

thus;

Developed Boiler Hp=3,462.56 Hp

3. A water tube boiler evaporated 5.05 kg of water per second from a feed water temperature of 104.44 0C to
steam to steam at 1241.1 KPa and quality of 0.97; weoght of coal fuel per second 0.57 kg; higher heating value of
coal as fired. 11,800 Btu/lb. Determine the rate of heat absorption in kJ/s, the boiler horsepower, and the
efficiency of steam generating units.

a. 11,558 kJ/kg , 1178 Bo. Hp, 73.87% c. 12,345 kJ/kg, 1234 Bo. Hp, 84.35%
b. 14,567 kJ/kg, 1045 Bo. Hp, 67.45% d. 10,275 kJ/kg, 1475 Bo. HP, 83.25%
Solution:

At 104.44 ℃

kJ
h1=437.78 ( interpolated )
kg

At 1241.1 KPa:

kJ
hf =805.29 ( interpolated )
kg

kJ
hfg =1980.6 ( interpolated )
kg

kJ
h2=805.29+ 0.97 ( 1980.6 )=2726.5
kg

Rate of heat absorption=ms ( h2−h1 )

Rate of heat absoprtion=5.05 ( 2726.5−437.28 )

kJ
Rate of heat absorption=11,558
s

( ms (3600) ( h2−h1) )
Boiler Hp=
35,322

5.05 ( 3600 )( 2726.5−437.78 )

Boiler Hp= =1,178 Bo . Hp
35,322

Boiler Efficiency :

ms (h2−h1)
e bo=
mf Q h

11,558
e bo=
0.57 ( 27,450 )
 thus;

e bo=0.7387∨73.87 %

4. A waste heat recovery boiler produces 4.8 MPa (dry saturated) steam from 104 0C feed water. The boiler
receives energy from 5 kg/s of 954 0C dry air. After passing through the waste heat boiler, the temperature of the
air has been reduced to 3430C. How much steam in kg is produced per second?

Note: AT 4.8 MPa dry and saturated, h=2796.0, kJ/kg

a.1.3 c. 2.1
b. 0.92 d. 3.4

Solution:

Heat loss=Heat gain

mg C g ( t 1−t 2 )=ms ( hs−hf )

where :

hf =enthalpy of feed water

kJ
hf =4.187 (104 )=435.45
kg

5 ( 1 )( 954−343 )=ms ( 2796−435.45 )

kg
ms=1.29
s

5. A steam generating plant consisting of a boiler, an economizer and super heater generates superheated steam
at the rate of 50 tons per hr. Feedwater enters the boiler at 5 MPa and 120 0C. Steam leaves the superheater at
4.5 MPa and 3200C. If the coal used has a heating value of 30,000 kJ/kg, calculate the no. of tons of coal fired per
hr for a gross efficiency of 85%.

a. 4.889 tons/hr c. 3.267 tons/day

b. 5.897 tons/hr d. 2.675 tons/day
Solution:

At 4.5 MPa∧320 ℃ :

kJ
hs =3000.6
kg

At 5 MPa∧120℃ :

kJ
hf =507.09
kg

ms (h s−h f )
e bo=
m f Qh
 50 ( 3000.6−507.09 )
0.85=
mf ( 30,000 )

thus;

tons
mf =4.889
hr

6. A water tube boiler has a capacity of 1000 kg/hr of steam. The factor of evaporation is 1.3, boiler rating is
200%, boiler efficiency is 65%, heating surface area is 0.91 m 2 per bo. Hp, and the heating value of fuel is 18,400
kCal/kg. The total coal available in the bunker is 50,000 kg. Determine the no. of hrs to consume the available
fuel.

a. 856.36 hrs c. 979.46 hrs.

b.706.57 hrs d.100.75 hrs
Solution:

Let , t=no . of hrs ¿ consumethe available fuel

50,000
t=
mf

Solving for mass of fuel , mf :

( h s−h f )
FE=
2257

hs −hf =2257 FE= (2257 )( 1.3 )

ms (h2−h1)
e bo=
mf Q h

1000 [ ( 2257 )( 1.3 ) ]

0.65=
mf [ 18,400 ( 4.187 ) ]

kg
mf =58.592
hr

then;

50,000
t=
58.592

t=853.36 hrs

7 Two boilers are operating steadily on 81,000 kg of coal contained in a bunker. One boiler is producing 1591 kg
of steam per hour at 1.2 factor of evaporation and an efficiency of 65% and another boiler produced 1364 kg of
steam per hour at 1.15 factor of evaporation and an efficiency of 60%. How many hrs will the coal in the bunker
run the boilers if the heating value of coal is 7,590 kCal/kg?

a. 230.80 hrs c. 350.35 hrs

b. 280.54 hrs d. 300.54 hrs
Solution:
Let :t=total number of hou rs the coal∈the bunker run the boilers

91,000
t=
mt

for boiler 1 :

m s1 (hs−hf )
e bo1 =
mf 1 Q h

m s1 [ F E1 ( 2257 ) ]
e bo1 =
mf 1 Qh

[ 7590 ( 4.187 ) ]
mf 1 ¿
1591 [ 1.2 ( 2257 ) ]
0.65= ¿
kg
mf 1=208.605
hr

for boiler 2

ms2 [ F E2 ( 2257 ) ]
e bo 2=
mf 2 Qh

[ 7590 ( 4.187 ) ]
mf 2 ¿
1364 [ 1.15 ( 2257 ) ]
0.60= ¿
kg
mf 1=185.673
hr

then;

mt=m1 +m2

mt=208.605+ 185.673

kg
mt=394.278
hr

thus;
 91,000 kg
t=
394.278 kg
hr

t=230.80 hrs .

8. The following coal has the following ultimate analysis by weight

C=70.5% H2=4.5% O2=6.0% Moisture=4%

S=3.0% Ash=11% N2=1.0%
A stocker fired boiler of 175,000 steaming capacity uses this coal as fuel. Calculate the volume of air in m 3/hr with
air at 600F and 14.7 psia pressure if boiler efficiency is 70%, excess air=30% and FE=1.10.

a. 212,830 m3/hr c. 122,345 m3/hr

b. 342,987 m3/hr d. 132,456 m3/hr
Solution:

PV =mRT

101.325 ( V a )=ma ( 0.287 )( 15.6+273 )

Solving for mass of ai , ma :

( AF ) =11.5 C+34.5( H− 08 )+4.3 S

t

( AF ) =11.5(0.705)+34.5( 0.045− 0.068 )+ 4.3(0.03)

t

( AF ) =9.53 kgfuel
t
kgair

( AF ) =9.53 ( 1.30 )=12.389 kgfuel

a
kgair

O
Qh=33,820 C+ 144,212 H− ( 8 )
+9,304 S

0.06
Qh=33,820( 0.705)+144,212 0.045− ( 8 )
+ 9,304(0.03)

kJ
Qh=29,930
kg

ms (h2−h1)
e bo=
mf Q h

ms (FE(2257))
e bo=
mf Q h

175,000 ( 1.10 ( 2257 ) )

0.70=
mf ( 29,930 )
 kg
mf =21,018.456
hr

A m
( ) = a
F a mf

ma
12.389=
21,018.456

kg
ma=260,397.651
hr

then;

101.325 ( V a )=(260,397.651) ( 0.287 )( 15.6+273 )

m3
V a=212, 830
hr

9. Find the rate boiler horsepower of a H.R.T boiler 60 in. in diameter 16 ft long, and having sevety and 3 in. O.D
tubes with 0.109 in. wall?

a. 95.09 Bo. Hp c. 89.09 Bo. Hp

b. 78.09 Bo. Hp d. 93.05 Bo. Hp
Solution:

Heating Surface∈f t 2
Rated Bo . Hp=
10

Solving for the heating surface area, H . S :

1 2 πD
2
π D20 n
H . S= πDL+ π Di ln+
2 3 4 ( )(
−
4 )
where :

D=60∈.=5 ft

L=16 ft

n=70 pcs

D o=3∈.=0.25 ft .

t=0.109∈.=0.00908 ft .

D i=0.25−( 2 ) ( 0.0098 )=0.2318 ft

2
1 2 π 52 π 0.25 (70)
H . S=H . S= π (5)(16)+ π (0.2318)(16)(70)+
2 3 4
− ( )(
4 )
2
H . S=950.93 f t
 then;

950.93
Rated Bo . Hp= =95.09 Bo . Hp
10

10. What is the heating surface area of water tube boiler if the equivalent rated boiler horsepower is 200?

a. 182 c. 450
b. 206 d. 198
Solution:

HS∈m2
Rated Bo . Hp .=
0.91

HS
200=
0.91

then;

H . S=182m2

11. The heating surface area of a fire tube boiler is 400 m 2. What is the equivalent rated boiler horsepower?

a. 363.64 Hp c. 256.78 Hp
b. 435.72 Hp d. 135.72 Hp
Solution:

HS∈m2 400
Rated Bo . Hp= =
1.1 1.1

Rated Bo . Hp=363.64 Hp

12. What would be the percentage of the over-all efficiency of a steam generator obtaining an evaporation
equivalent to 10.95 kg of water from and at 1000C per kg of coal containing 34,064 kJ/kg heating value?

a. 73% c. 82%
b. 74% d. 70%
Solution:

ms (h s−h f )
e bo=
m f Qh

where ;

ms k g steam
=10.95
mf k gcoal

then;

e bo=10.95 ( 2676.1−419.04 )

thus;

e bo=0.73∨73 %
13. For a generation of dry and saturated steam at 1.0 MPa absolute, what is the percentage gain in heat when
the boiler feedwater is heated from 300C to 900C?

a. 8.47% c. 9.47%
b. 9.97% d. 5.47%
Solution:

At 1.0 MPa ( dry ∧saturated steam )

kJ
hs =h g=2778.14
kg
0
At 30 C ( water )

kJ
hf 1=125.79
kg

At 900 C ( water )

kJ
hf 2=376.92
kg

Q 1−Q2
% Savings= x 100
Q1

Solving for Q1∧Q2 :

kJ
Q1=h s−h f 1=2778.1−125.79=2652.3
kg

kJ
Q2=h s−h f 2=2778.1−376.92=2401.18
kg

thus;

2652.3−2401.18
% Savings= x 100
2652.3

% Savings=9.47 %

14. What is the percent rating of water tube boiler if the heating surface area is 400 m 2 and the developed boiler
horsepower is 750?

a. 170.625% c. 130.625%
b. 140.675% d. 120.765%
Solution:

Developed Bo . Hp
Percent Rating= x 100
Rated Bo . Hp

750
Percent Rating= x 100
400 ( 0.91 )

Percent Rating=170.625%
 15. Coal with a higher heating value of 6700 kCal/kg is consumed at the rate of 600 kg/hr in a steam
generator with a rated boiler horsepower of 200. The feedwater temperature is 82 0C and steam generated is at
10.2 kg/cm2 abs. saturated condition. The horsepower developed is equivalent to 305. What is the heating surface
are?

a. 182 m2 c. 123 m2
b. 230 m2 d. 324 m2
Solution:

H . S=Rated Bo . Hp x 0.91=200 ( 0.91 )

thus;
2
H . S=182m

16. Based on problem no. 15, calculate the rate of steam evaporated.

a. 4,424.68 kg/hr c. 5,579.78 kg/hr

b. 4,567.75 kg/hr d.5,678.45 kg/hr
Solution:

( ms ( hs−hf ) )
Developed Boiler Hp=
35,322

where :

kg
At 10.2 ( 1 MPa ) :
c m2

kJ
hs =h g=2778.1
kg
0
At 82 C :

kJ
hf =343.30
kg

then;

ms ( 2778.1−343.30 )
305=
35,322

thus;

kg
ms=4,424.68
hr

17. Based on Prob. 15, What is the percent rating developd?

a. 152.50% c. 234.75%
b.125.45% d.134.57%
Solution:

Developed Bo . Hp
% Rating= x 100
Rated Bo. Hp
 305
% Rating= x 100
200

% Rating=152.50 %

18. Based on Prob. No. 15, determine the ASME evaporation unit in kBtu/hr.

a. 10,511.76 kBtu/hr c. 10,211.57 kBtu/hr

b. 9,234.75 kBtu/hr d. 12,377.75 kBtu/hr
Solution:

ASME Evaporation Unit =ms ( hs −hf )

kJ
ASME Evaporation Unit=( 4,424.68 ( 2778.1−343.30 ) )
kg

kJ 1 BTU kBTU
ASME Evaporation Unit=10,773,210.86 (
hr 1.055 kJ )( 1000 kJ )

kBTU
ASME Evaporation Unit=10,211.57
hr

19. Based on Problem No. 15, what is the factor of evaporation?

a. 1.08 c. 1.14
b. 1.52 d. 1.45
Solution:

( h s−h f )
FE=
2257

( 2778.1−343.30 )
FE=
2257

FE=1.08

20. Based on problem No. 15, calculate the over-all thermal efficiency?

a. 64.02% c. 67.24%
b. 60.24% d. 72.13%
Solution:

ms (h s−h f )
e bo=
m s Qh

4,425.68 ( 2278.1−343.30 )
e bo=
600 ( 27,046.2 )

e bo=0.6402∨64.02 %

21. Based on problem 15, determine the actual specific evaporation in kg per kg coal.

a. 7.37 kg steam/ kg coal c. 7.23 kg steam/ kg coal

b. 7.57 kg steam/ kg coal d. 6,24 kg steam/ kg coal
Solution:
 ms 4,424.68
A . S . E∨Bo . Economy= =
mf 600

k g steam
A . S . E∨Bo . Economy=7.37
k g fuel

22. Based on prob. No. 60, determine the equivalent specific evaporation in kg per kg coal.

a. 7.95 kg steam/ kg coal c. 7.45 kg steam/ kg coal

b. 8.37 kg steam/ kg coal d. 7.85 kg steam/ kg coal
Solution:

ESE= ASE X FE

ESE=7.37 ( 1.0788 )

k g steam
ESE=7.95
k g fuel

23. An auxillary boiler produces steam at 8 bar (0.80 MPa), 0.98 dry from feedwater at 43°C, and fuel of calorific
value of 42 MJ/kg is burned at the rate of 1.2 tons per day. Assuming an efficiency of 70%, calculate the steam
production per hour.
Steam at 8 bar (0.80 MPa)
hf= 721 kJ/kg hs=hr +xhfg
hfg=2048 kJ/kg = 721 + 0.98 (2048)
= 2728 kJ/kg
Water at 43°C: h=43(4.187)= 180.04 kJ/kg

a. 576.93 kg/hr c. 376.45 kg/hr

b. 476.86 kg/hr d. 275.35 kg/hr
Solution:

ms (h s−h f )
e bo=
m f Qh

where :

1.2 ( 1000 ) kg
mf = =50
24 hr

ms ( 2728−180.04 )
0.70=
50 ( 40,000 )

kg
ms=576.93
hr

24. During a test on an oil-fired water-tube boiler the following data were recorded:
Pressure of steam 2.5 MPa
Temperature of steam 300°C
Mass of feedwater entering the boiler 11350 kg/hr
Temperature of Feedwater 100°C
Mass of fuel burned 875 kg/hr
Calorific value 42.3 MJ/kg
Steam at (25 bar) 2.5 MPa, 300°C h= 3010 kJ/kg
Water at 100°C h= 419.10 kJ/kg
Calculate the efficiency of the boiler.

a. 79.49% c. 53.49%
b. 87.49% d. 34.57%

Solution:

ms (h s−h f )
e bo=
m f Qh

11350 ( 3010−419.10 )
e bo=
875 ( 42,300 )

e bo=0.7949∨79.49%

25. Fuel of calorific value 43.5 MJ/kg is burned in an auxillary boiler at the rate of 81 kg/hr. The feed water rate is
0.258 kg/s and its temperature is 48°C. If the efficiency of the boiler is 68% and the steam produced is dry and
saturated, estimate its pressure.

a. 1.1 MPa c. 2.0MPa

b. 1.5 MPa d. 2.1 MPa
Solution:

0
Water at 48 C

kJ
h=200.9
kg

Mass of steam produced=mass of feedwater

kg
Mass of steam produced=0.258 ( 3600 )=928.80
hr

ms (h s−h f )
e bo=
m f Qh

928.80 ( h s−200.9 )
0.68=
81 ( 43,500 )

kJ
hs =2780.9
kg

kJ
Since steam isdry ∧saturated weloo at the tables for press ure whereh g is near ¿ 2780.9 ∧it
kg

was found out that the pressure of 1.1 MPa has the nearest value for h g .

thus;

P=1.1 MPa

26. The equivalent evaporation of a boiler, from and at 100°C is 15kg steam per kg fuel and the calorific value of
the fuel burned is 41.9 MJ/kg. Find the efficiency of the boiler.

a. 80.81% c. 82.30%
 b. 78.96% d. 77.87%
Solution:

0 kJ
hfg at 100 C=2256.7
kg

ms (h s−h f )
e bo=
m f Qh

15(2256.7)
e bo=
1 (41,900)

e bo=0.808∨80.81 %

27. What is the developed boiler horsepower if the steam rate is 0.85 kg/s and the factor of evaporation is 1.25.
a. 244.41 Hp c. 200.57 Hp
b. 214.54 Hp d. 157.25 Hp

Solution:

( ms ( hs−hf ) )
Developed Boiler Hp=
35,322

ms [ ( 1.25 ) ( 2257 ) ]
Developed Boiler Hp=
35,322

thus;

Developed Boiler Hp=244.41 Hp

28. The heating value of fuel supplied in a boiler is 40,000 kJ/kg. If the factor of evaporation is 1.10 and the actual
specific evaporation is 10, what is the efficiency of the boiler?

a. 62.07% c. 78.05%
b. 53.08% d. 54.97%
Solution:

ms (h s−h f )
e bo=
m f Qh

ASE [ FE ( 2257 ) ]
e bo=
40,000

thus;

e bo=0.6207∨62.07 %

29. Steam at 30 bar (3 MPa), 375°C is generated in a boiler at the rate of 30,000 kg/hr from feed water at 130°C.
The fuel has a calorific value of 42 MJ/kg and the daily consumption is 53 tons. Calculate the boiler efficiency.
Steam properties:
Steam at 30 bar (3 MPa), 375°C: h=314 kJ/kg
Water at 130°C: h=546 kJ/kg

a. 85% c. 88%
b. 75% d. 95%
Solution:

ms (h s−h f )
e bo=
m f Qh

30,000(3174−546)
e bo=
53 ( 1000 )
[ 24 ]
( 42,000 )

thus;

e bo=0.85∨85 %

30. A boiler contains 3.5 tons of water initially having 40 ppm dissolved solids and after 24 hours the dissolved
solids in the water is 2500 ppm. If the feed rate is 875 kg/hr, find the ppm of dissolved solids contained in the feed
water.

a. 410 ppm c. 390 ppm

b. 320 ppm d. 420 ppm
Solution:

Solids ∈initially +Solids put∈¿ Solids∈finally

Water ∈boiler X initial ppm +amt . of feed X feed pp=water ∈boiler X final ppm

3.5 ( 40 ) +0.875 ( 24 ) feed ppm=3.5 ( 2500 )

thus;

feed ppm=410

31. A fuel of Qh= 6,888 kCal/kg was burned in the furnace of 223m2 water tube boiler which was generating 5,443
kg steam per hour at 14.06 kg per cm2 abs. dry and saturated, from 109°C feed, at a time when fuel consumption
was 612 kg per hour. Find the percent rating.

a. 146% c. 230%
b. 150% d. 157%
Solution:

Developed Bo . Hp
% Rating= x 100
Rated Bo. Hp

Solving for the Rated Bo. Hp

HS 223
RBH = = =245
0.91 0.91

Solving for the Developed Bo . Hp :

( ms ( hs−hf ) )
DBH=
35,322

where :
 kg
Steam at 14.06 2
, dry saturated :
cm

kJ
h=2787
kg

Water at 1090 C :

kJ
h=456.44
kg

then;

5443 ( 2787−456.44 )
DBH=
35,322

DBH=359

thus;

359
% Rating= X 100
245

% Rating=146 %

32. Estimate the required furnace volume for a pulverized coal-fired steam generator where 1375 x 10 4 kCal per
hour of heat transfer at 80% thermal efficiency is the expected thermal performance. Boiler has water walls. Ash
fusion temperature is 1204°C and the design value of furnace heat release rate is 195,000 kCal per m 3 per hour.

a. 87.79 m3 c. 82.35%
b. 89.56m3 d. 81.45%
Solution:

Heat Liberated by fuel per hr at 80 % thermal efficiency :

1375 x 10 4 kCal
Q s=
0.80 hr

kCal
QS =1719 X 10 4
hr

kCal
4
1719 x 10 hr
V=
195,800 kCal
m3−hr
3
V =87.79 m

33. Two boilers has capacities of 200 kg/hr and 250 kg/hr. If 150,000 kg of coal are supplied to two boilers, how
many days to consume the available fuel?

a. 13.89 days c. 15.78 days

b. 17.87 days d. 24 days
Solution:

Let ; t =no . of days ¿ consume

150,000 kg
t=
( 200+250 ) kg
hr

t=333.33 hrs=13.89 days

34. What is the net boiler if the heat generated by fuel is 40,000,000 kJ/hr and the boiler auxiliaries consumes 2
MW. The ASME evaporation units of a boiler is 25,900,000 kJ/hr.

Solution:

ms ( hs−hf ) −Energy consumed by accessories

e bo .net =
mf Qh

25,900,000

e bo=
[(3600
−2000 kW) ]
40,000,000
kW
3600

e b 0=0.4675∨46.75 %

35. Testing of a stroker- fired boiler reveal that, during a period when 4550 lb of 12,400 BTU coal were burned,
refuse accumulated in the ashpit to the extent of 495 lb, although the coal as fired contained only 10% ash by
analysis. Determine the grate efficiency of this stroker considering no fly-ash.

a. 98.97% c. 95.87 %
b. 92.35% d. 90.21%
Solution:

Weight of Refuse :495 lb

Weight of Ash :0.10 ( 4550 )=455 lb

Weight of Combustible∈ Refuse: 495−455=40 lb

4550 ( 12,400 )−40 ( 14,0600 )

Grate Efficiency=
( 4550 ) ( 12,400 )

thus;

Grate efficiency =0.9887∨98.97 %

36. A travelling-grate stroker can burn bituminous coal with 10% moisture and 10% ash at a rate of 500,000
BTU/hr-ft2. A boiler with a steam rating of 200,000 lb/hr will be fired with the above fuel having a high heat value of
12,200 BTU/lb. If the boiler efficiency is 80%, and if it takes 1000 BTU to evaporate and superheat one pound of
feedwater to the desired temperature, find the hourly coal supply and grate area needed.

a. 20,500 lb, 500ft2 c. 28,200 lb, 400 ft2

b. 26,400 lb, 700 ft2 d. 22,600 lb, 200 ft2
Solution:

x 106 BTU
Heat Transferred=200,000 x 1000=200
jt
6
200 X 10
Heat supplied fuel= =250 x 106
0.8

250 x 10 6
Hourly coal supply , as fired= =20,500lb
12,200

250 x 10 6
Grate Areaneeded =
500,000
2
Grate Area needed =500 f t

37. What is the rate of evaporation of a water tube boiler if the factor of evaporation is 1.10 percent rating of 200%
and the heating surface area is 250 m2?

a. 7817.16 kg/hr c. 6,789.45 kg/hr

b. 7,898.67 kg/hr d. 5,768.54 kg/hr
Solution:

( ms ( hs−hf ) )
Developed Boiler Hp=
35,322

ms [FE(2257)]
Developed Boiler Hp=
35,322

Sovliong for the Develoiped Bo . Hp:

250
Rated Bo . Hp= =274.725 Hp
0.91

Developed Bo . Hp
% Rating= x 100
Rated Bo. Hp

Dev . Bo . Hp
200= x 100
274.725

Dev . Boiler H . p=549.45 Hp

then;

ms [ 1.10 ( 2257 ) ]
549.45= x 100
35,322

kg
ms=7,817.16
hr

38. An oil-fired steam boiler generates 13,000 lb of steam per hour at 300 psia, 650°F when the fuel is burned at
120 gallons per hours. Feedwater, 300°F. Fuel oil, 20°API at 60°F. Calculate the thermal efficiency and equivalent
evaporation per lb of fuel oil.
 a. 77.09% & 15.4 lbsteam/lbfuel c. 79.07% & 12.5 lbsteam/lbfuel
b. 87.09 % & 19.7 lbsteam/lbfuel d. 89.07% & 18.8 lbsteam/lbfuel
Solution:

Steam at 300 psia∧650 0 F :

BTU
h=1341.7
lb
0
Water at 300 F :

BTU
h=269.6
lb

ms (h s−h f )
e bo=
m f Qh

Solving for Qh :
0
Qh=17680+60 API

BTU
Qh=17680+60 ( 20 )=18,880
lb

Solving for fuel consumption , mf :

0
131.5+ ¿ API
141.5
S .G @ 60 F =
0
¿
141.5
S .G@ 60 F =
0 =0.9340
131.5+20

lb
mf =120 ( 8.33 )( 0.9340 )=933.6
hr

then;

13,000 (1341.7−269.6 )
e b 0=
933.6 ( 18,880 )

e bo=0.7907∨79.07 %

13,000 ( 1341.7−269.6 )
Equivalent Evaporation=
933.6 ( 970.3 )

l b steam
Equivalent Evaporation=15.4
l b fuel

thus;
 l b steam
Equivalent Evaporation=15.4 ∧ethermal =77.09 %
l b fuel

39. One hundred thousand pounds of water per hour at 750 psia and 250°F (h f=230.9 BTU/lb) are received by a
steam generating unit. Steam leaves the superheater at 650 psia and 600°F (h s=1286.5 BTU/lb). The fuel used is
coal whose heating value is 12,500 BTU/lb. Calculate the weight of fuel fired per hour if economizer efficiency is
85%.

a. 4.44 long tons per hours c. 3.43 long tons per hours
b. 5.44 long tons per hours d. 1.45 long tons per hours
Solution:

ms (h s−h f )
e bo=
m f Qh

100,000 ( 1286.5−230.9 )
0.85=
mf ( 12,500 )

lb 1 longton
mf =9935.06 (
hr 2240 lb )
thus;

mf =4.44 long tons per hour

40. A fire-tube boiler operates at 200 psia (1.378 MPa) with 200°F (93.3°C) feedwater, both at saturated condition.
The diameter of the boiler is 213.4 cm, length of 5.5m, and having 84 tubes, 10.2 cm inside diameter, 10.5 cm
outside diameter. Determine the boiler heating surface in m2 and the weight of steam generated in kg/s if the
boiler evaporates 34.5 lb/hr of water per 12ft2 of heating surface or 3.9 g/m2.s.

a. 2,360.67 kg/hr c. 3,247.76 kg/hr

b. 1,234.57 kg/hr d. 4,576.68 kg/hr
Solution:

2
The heating surface area∈m :
2
2 π ( 2.134 ) π ( 0.105 )2 ( 84 )
1
H . S= π ( 2.134 )( 5.5 ) + π ( 0.102 ) (5.5 )( 84 ) +
2 3 [ 4 ]−
4
2
H . S=168.14 m

kg
The weight of steam∈ :
s

gm 1 kg
ms=3.9 2
m −s (
1000 gm )( 3600 s
1hr )
( 168.14 m ) 2

thus;

kg
ms=2,360.66
hr
41. Wet steam is being generated by a boiler at the rate of 1500 kg per hour from 26.7°C feed water. Quality of
the steam is 98% and gauge shows a pressure of 9kg/cm 2. Calculate the equivalent evaporation and the heat
absorbed by the boiler per hour in kCal when producing steam.

a. 1743.72 kg/hr c. 1,897.74 kg/hr

b. 2376.42 kg/hr d. 1235.76 kg/hr
Solution:

kg
Steam at 9 gauge∨0.98 MPa|¿|98 % quality :
c m2

kJ
hf =758.94
kg

kJ
hfg =2018.4
kg

h=hf + x hfg

kJ
h=2736.972
kg

The Equivalent Evaporation, EE :

( h s−h f )
EE=ms ( FE )=m s
2257

1500 ( 2736.972−113.25 )
EE=
2257

kg
EE=1743.72
hr

kCal
The Heat Absorbed by theboiler ∈ :
hr

Q A =ms ( hs−hf )=1500 ( 2736.972−113.25 )

kJ 1 kCal
Q A =3,935,583 (
kg 4.187 kJ )
thus;

kCal
Q A =939,952.95
hr

42. What is the total pressure loss in steam pipe 164 m long if the equivalent pressure loss is 50 kPa per 30
meters?

a.273 kPa c. 372 kPa

b. 172 kPa d. 473 kPa
Solution:
 Total Pressure Loss=164 ( 5030 )
thus;

Total Pressure Loss=273 kPa

43. A high temperature source at 950 K provides 580 kJ heat to a heat engine. The heat engine converts 200 kJ
net work and rejects the balance to a temperature sink at 295 K. Compare the thermal efficiency E t of this engine
to the thermal efficiency Erev of the Carnot cycle reversible heat engine.

a. Et= Erev c. Et<Erev

b. Et> Erev d. Et≤ Erev
Solution:

W net 200
Et = = =0.345
Q 580

T 1−T 2 ( 950−295 )
Erev = = =0.689
T1 950

thus;

Et < E rev

44. A 150 grams of water at 75°C is heated at constant pressure. The water is completely vaporized. Find the heat
added.

a. 543.52 kJ c. 354.25 kJ
b. 816.66 kJ d. 1135.66 kJ
Solution

Q=m C p ∆ t +m hfg

Q=0.154 ( 4.187 ) ( 100−75 )+ 0.150 ( 2257 )

thus;

Q=345.25 kJ