Spouses MARIANO Z

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Spouses MARIANO Z. VELARDE and AVELINA D.

VELARDE,
petitioners,
vs.
COURT OF APPEALS, DAVID A. RAYMUNDO and GEORGE
RAYMUNDO, respondents.
G.R. No. 108346. July 11, 2001

FACTS:

1. Petitioner's/Plaintiff's claim/s:
Petitioners filed on February 9, 1987, a Complaint against private
respondents for specific performance, nullity of cancellation, writ of
possession, and damages (Civil Case No. 15952 at the Regional Trial
Court of Makati, Branch 149). They averred that the Court of appeals erred
in (1) holding that the non-payment of the mortgage obligation resulted in a
breach of the contract, (2) in holding that the rescission (resolution) of the
contract by private respondents was justified, (3) in holding that petitioners'
January 7, 1987, letter gave three 'new conditions' constituting mere offers
or an attempt to novate necessitating a new agreement between the
parties.

2. Respondent's/Defendant's claim/s:
Respondent sent plaintiffs a notarial notice of cancellation/rescission of
the intended sale of the subject property allegedly due to the latter's failure
to comply with the terms and conditions of the Deed of Sale with
Assumption of Mortgage and the Undertaking (Exh. '5', pp. 225-226,
Record). 
3. Decisions of the lower courts:
The case was tried and heard and dismissed the Complaint of the
petitioners in a Decision dated November 14, 1990. 7 Thereafter, petitioners
filed a Motion for Reconsideration. In an order dated May 15, 1991, Judge
Abad Santos granted the petitioner's Motion for Reconsideration and
instructed petitioners to pay the balance of P1.8 million to private
respondents who, in turn, were ordered to execute a deed of absolute sale
and to surrender possession of the disputed property to petitioners.

ISSUE/S:

Whether or not, the contract is breached, and the defendant has the
right to rescind the contract.

HELD:

1. Disposition of the case:


The assailed Decision is hereby AFFIRMED with the MODIFICATION
that private respondents are ordered to return to petitioners the amount of
P874,150, which the latter paid as a consequence of the rescinded
contract, with legal interest thereon from January 8, 1987, the date of
rescission. No pronouncement as to costs.

2. Dictum:
As stipulated in the contract, non-payment of the mortgage obligation
would result in a violation of the contract. Upon petitioners’ failure to pay
the agreed price, respondent Raymundo may choose either of two (2)
actions - (1) demand fulfillment of the contract, or (2) demand its
rescission (Article 1191, Civil Code). Misplaced is petitioners' reliance on
the cases they cited because the factual circumstances in those cases are
not analogous to those in the present one - in Song Fo there was, on the
part of the buyer, only a delay of twenty (20) days to pay for the goods
delivered. Moreover, the buyer's offer to pay was unconditional and was
accepted by the seller. While in Zepeda, the breach involved a mere one-
week delay in paying the balance of 1,000 which was actually paid.
Furthermore, in Tan, the alleged breach was private respondent's delay of
only a few days, which was for the purpose of clearing the title to the
property; there was no reference whatsoever to the nonpayment of the
contract price.

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