About TL494 Smps Control IC

ABOUT TL494 SMPS
CONTROL INTEGRATED
Most of us know a super switching power supply control

integrated TL494 circuits you make in your design Turkish
information about this integrated or you can work for your solving
similar systems are also examples will help you solve similar
control integrated SG3525 SG3524 etc.
For TL494 , I tried to explain as much as I could to give as much

information as I could over the information in the detailed
application notes prepared by Texas Instruments and a 20 KHz
Regulator circuit with 32 volt input 5 volt 10 amp output .
The integrated consists of many parts, when viewed as a whole, it

is difficult to solve like every integrated, but look at the internal
opening, everything is in the middle, I have specified the parts one
by one in the diagrams (amplifiers) I prepared in the article so that
there is no confusion.
Summary Information About TL494
My ﬁrst encounter with TL494 was thanks to computer power

supplies. Many manufacturers release it under different names.
ICs with equivalent TL494 : DBL494, MB3759, KA7500, S494,

NCV494, NTE1729, AZ7500
TL494 View
Internal structure connection pin information

The supply voltage is at least 7 volts, the highest 42 volts ideal
voltage 12..15 volts It has 2 outputs It can provide 200ma power
per channel It has an error ampliﬁer and a 5 volt stable reference
regulator It can control bjt and mosfet transistors, the price is
cheap and there are plenty in the market
Oscillator Calculation
Operating Frequency Oscillator is provided by passive elements

connected to CT pins 5 and RT pins 6
The values I see in my pc power supplies are generally between

1nf and 12k…16k
If the RT resistance is determined as 10k and the CT capacitor

values are changed according to the table below, the operating
frequency is:
CT 1nf 50 KHz
CT 1.5nf 40 KHz
CT 2.2nf 25 KHz
CT timing capacitor is generally low values 1nf 1.5nf (in the
application notes, 1nf was determined as constant and RT
resistance calculation was made )
single ended push pull

2
CT timing capacitor 1nf RT timing resistor 50k for 20 KHz
Oscillator : Connecting an external capacitor and resistor to pins 5

and 6 controls the TL494 oscillator frequency. The oscillator is set
to operate at 20 kHz, using the component values calculated by
equations 8 and 9:
Error Amplifier
Now let's examine the integrated piece by piece, not as a whole,

think of it as a circuit made with opam transistors in the simplest
way.
The output voltage of our circuit is 5 volts Error Amplifier circuit,
by comparing the output voltage of 5 volts, I check the pulse
width for the output voltage, I was adjusting the output voltage by
changing the resistance values on pin 1 in the pc power supply
modified circuits I published.
The output section that you see in the picture 5.1km 2 with
resistance 2.5v from the tension reduced to the level pin 1 (non
inverting input) information from the value in the middle of two
resistors 2.5v I'm introduced earlier for this business miscela see
simplifies my job I use the program: Super Electronic Calculator
Program miscela
Voltage Divider is selected from the Simple Circuit section,R1 and

R2 values are added in the Analyze section, the result is output
with all its details ( Unloaded Vout: ) The output voltage can be
adjusted by inserting a regulated resistor instead of the R2 5.1k
resistor connected to the chassis.
If our output voltage was 12v, the resistor values would be
adjusted to get a reference voltage of 12v and 2.5v.
TL494 5 volts at 5 volt reference regulator present in (pin 14) is

divided by the same method as 5.1km resistance and 2.5v
obtained Pin 2 connects a stabilisyo an increase in the error
amplifier output to an inverting input 51k (R4) with resistance
feedback is performed circuitry DC The gain is 100.
Error Amplifier
The error amplifier compares a sample of the 5-V output to the

reference and adjusts the PWM to maintain a constant output
current
Error-Amplifier Section
The TL494 internal 5-V reference is divided to 2.5 V by R3 and R4.
The output-voltage error signal is also divided to 2.5 V by R8 and
R9. If the output must be regulated to exactly 5.0 V, a 10-kΩ
potentiometer can be used in place of R8 to provide an adjustment.
To increase the stability of the error-amplifier circuit, the output of
the error amplifier is fed back to the inverting input through R7,
reducing the gain to 100.
Current Limit Amplifier
Limiting circuit for 10 Amp output current is shown below
10 amps load current 1.5 amps inductor current determined
R1 and R2 resistors fix the voltage they get from pin 14 Vref
(5volt) end at around 1 volt. R3 resistor is connected in series to
the chassis, that is, to the load connected to the circuit – R3 goes
through the resistor when 10 amps current passes over the 1 volt
non-inverting input of the current limitation (pin 16). will come and
the output pulse width will be throttled R3 is the current limiting
resistor, it is usually high power, stone resistance or wire is used
because its value is very low.
Current-Limiting Amplifier
The power supply was designed for a 10-A load current and an IL
swing of 1.5 A; therefore, the short-circuit current should be:
Current-Limiting Circuit
Resistors R1 and R2 set the reference of about 1 V on the inverting

input of the current-limiting amplifier. Resistor R11, in series with
the load, applies 1 V to the noninverting terminal of the current-
limiting amplifier when the load current reaches 10 A. The output-
pulse width is reduced accordingly. The value of R11 is:
R11= 1V/10A=0.1 ohm
Softstart
Soft Start ramp oscillator circuit is used to pass the outputs of

TL494 IC slowly to conduction. In some smps supply circuits, the
output voltage comes after a short time in the first operation, and
soft start is used to provide this, usually between C2 2.2uf …4.7uf
RT 4.7k ….10k R6 1k between …4.7k
Looking at the curves in the phase diagram below, it can be seen

that the pulse width is gradually increasing. Generally, the soft
start time is determined as 1k constant R6 resistance between 25
and 100 clock pulses and the operating frequency and C2
capacitor can be calculated based on 50us
capacitor can be calculated based on 50us.
The soft-start circuit allows the pulse width at the output to

increase slowly applying a negative slope waveform to the dead-
time control input (pin 4). Initially, capacitor C2 forces the dead-time
control input to follow the 5-V regulator, which disables the outputs
(100% dead time). As the capacitor charges through R6, the output
pulse width slowly increases until the control loop takes command.
With a resistor ratio of 1:10 for R6 and R7, the voltage at pin 4 after
start-up is 0.1 × 5 V, or 0.5 V. The soft-start time generally is in the
range of 25 to 100 clock cycles. If 50 clock cycles at a 20-kHz
switching rate is selected, the soft-start time is:
t= 1/f = 1/20 KHz = 50us per us clock clyce
The value of the capacitor then is determined by:
C2 soft−start time /R6 (50 us X 50 cycles) 1 k = 2.5 us
different electronic materials in many languages. all combinations

have been applied in these circuits
Example pc power supply circuit diagrams
ATX DTK Computer PTP-2007-MACRON Power-ATX9912
ATX Wintech Electronics Corp. WIN-235PE
ATX PC power supply EC-200X
PowerMaster 230W ATX
What has been reported by our readers about TL494;

About TL494 Smps Control IC

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ABOUT TL494 SMPS

Most of us know a super switching power supply control

For TL494 , I tried to explain as much as I could to give as much

The integrated consists of many parts, when viewed as a whole, it

Summary Information About TL494

My ﬁrst encounter with TL494 was thanks to computer power

ICs with equivalent TL494 : DBL494, MB3759, KA7500, S494,

Internal structure connection pin information

Operating Frequency Oscillator is provided by passive elements

The values I see in my pc power supplies are generally between

If the RT resistance is determined as 10k and the CT capacitor

single ended push pull

CT timing capacitor 1nf RT timing resistor 50k for 20 KHz

Oscillator : Connecting an external capacitor and resistor to pins 5

Now let's examine the integrated piece by piece, not as a whole,

Voltage Divider is selected from the Simple Circuit section,R1 and

TL494 5 volts at 5 volt reference regulator present in (pin 14) is

The error amplifier compares a sample of the 5-V output to the

Current Limit Amplifier

Limiting circuit for 10 Amp output current is shown below

10 amps load current 1.5 amps inductor current determined

Resistors R1 and R2 set the reference of about 1 V on the inverting

R11= 1V/10A=0.1 ohm

Soft Start ramp oscillator circuit is used to pass the outputs of

Looking at the curves in the phase diagram below, it can be seen

The soft-start circuit allows the pulse width at the output to

t= 1/f = 1/20 KHz = 50us per us clock clyce

The value of the capacitor then is determined by:

C2 soft−start time /R6 (50 us X 50 cycles) 1 k = 2.5 us

different electronic materials in many languages. all combinations

Example pc power supply circuit diagrams

ATX DTK Computer PTP-2007-MACRON Power-ATX9912

ATX Wintech Electronics Corp. WIN-235PE

ATX PC power supply EC-200X

PowerMaster 230W ATX

What has been reported by our readers about TL494;

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