NCERT Solutions Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Exercise 2.

5
Q1. Amina thinks of a number and subtracts from it. She multiplies the result
2
by 8. The result now obtained is 3 times the same number she thought of. What is
the number?

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is the known/given?

5
i) is subtracted from a number
2
ii) Then multiplied by 8
iii) Result is 3 times the actual number

What is the unknown?

Number thought of by Amina

Reasoning: Assume the number to be a variable. Apply the conditions sequentially to

form a linear equation.

Solution:
Let the number be x.

According to the given question,

 5
8  x −  = 3x
 2
8 x − 20 = 3 x
Transposing 3x to LHS and −20 to RHS, we obtain

8 x − 3x = 20
5 x = 20

Dividing both sides by 5, we obtain

x=4

Hence, the number is 4.

Q2. A positive number is 5 times another number. If 21 is added to both the
numbers, then one of the new numbers becomes twice the other new number. What
are the numbers?

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is the known/given?

i) A positive number is 5 times another number
ii) 21 is added to both the numbers
iii) Then one of the new numbers becomes twice the other new number

What is the unknown?

Numbers

Reasoning: Assume one positive number to be variable then use the conditions to form a
linear equation.

Solution:
Let the numbers be x and 5x. According to the question,
21 + 5 x = 2 ( x + 21)
21 + 5 x = 2 x + 42

Transposing 2x to LHS and 21 to RHS, we obtain

5 x − 2 x = 42 − 21
3x = 21

Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain

x=7
First number is x = 7
Second number is 5 x = 5  7 = 35
Hence, the numbers are 7 and 35 respectively.

Q3. Sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. When we interchange the digits it
is found that the resulting new number is greater than the original number by 27.
What is the two-digit number?

Difficulty Level: Hard

What is the known/given?

i) Sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9
ii) Interchanging the digits result in a new number greater than the original number by
27
What is the unknown?
Number
Reasoning: Assume one of the digits of two-digit as variable then use
other conditions and form a linear equation.

Solution:
Let the digits at tens place and ones place be x and 9 − x respectively.

Therefore, original number = 10 x + (9 − x ) = 9x + 9

On interchanging the digits, the digits at ones place and tens place will be x and 9 − x
respectively.

Therefore, new number after interchanging the digits:

= 10 ( 9 − x ) + x
= 90 − 10 x + x
= 90 − 9 x

According to the given question,

New number = Original number + 27

90 − 9 x = 9 x + 9 + 27
90 − 9 x = 9 x + 36

Transposing 9x to RHS and 36 to LHS, we obtain

90 − 36 = 18 x
54 = 18 x

Dividing both sides by 18, we obtain

3 = x and 9 − x = 6

Hence, the digits at tens place and ones place of the number are 3 and 6
respectively.

Therefore, the two-digit number is 9 x + 9 = 9  3 + 9

= 36

Q4. One of the two digits of a two-digit number is three times the other digit. If
you interchange the digit of this two-digit number and add the resulting number to
the original number, you get 88. What is the original number?

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is the known/given?

i) One of the two digits of a two-digit number is three times the other digit
ii) Interchanging the digit of this two-digit number and adding the resulting number to
the original number results in 88.
What is the unknown?
Original number

Reasoning: Assume one of the digits of two-digit as variable then use other conditions
and form a linear equation.

Solution:
Let the digits at tens place and ones place be x and 3x respectively.

Therefore, original number = 10 x + 3 x = 13 x

On interchanging the digits, the digits at ones place and tens place will be x and 3x
respectively.

Number after interchanging = 10  3 x + x = 30 x + x = 31x

According to the given question,

Original number + New number = 88

13x + 31x = 88
44 x = 88

Dividing both sides by 44, we obtain

x=2

Therefore, original number = 13 x = 13  2 = 26

By considering the tens place and ones place as 3 x and x respectively, the two-digit
number obtained is 62.

Therefore, the two-digit number may be 26 or 62.

Q5. Shobo’s mother’s present age is six times Shobo’s present age. Shobo’s age
five years from now will be one third of his mother’s present age. What are their
present ages?

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is the known/given?

i) Shobo’s mother’s present age is six times Shobo’s present age
ii) Shobo’s age five years from now will be one third of his mother’s present age
What is the unknown?
Present age of Shobo’s and his mother’s.

Reasoning:
Assume Shobo’s age as variable then his mother’s age will be six time of his age. Use
second condition and form a linear equation.
Solution:
Let Shobo’s age be x years. Therefore, his mother’s age will be 6x years.

According to the given question,

Shobos mothers present age
After 5years, Shobos age =
3
6x
x+5=
3
x + 5 = 2x

Transposing x to RHS, we obtain

5 = 2x − x
5= x

Shobo’s age is x = 5

Shobo’s mother’s age is 6 x = 6  5 = 30

Therefore, the present ages of Shobo’s and Shobo’s mother will be 5 years and 30
years respectively.

Q6. There is a narrow rectangular plot, reserved for a school, in Mahuli village.
The length and breadth of the plot are in the ratio 11:4. At the rate Rs 100 per metre
it will cost the village panchayat Rs 75,000 to fence the plot. What are the
dimensions of the plot?

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is the known/given?

i) The length and breadth of the plot are in the ratio 11:4
ii) At the rate Rs 100 per metre it will cost Rs 75, 000 to fence the plot

What is the unknown?

Dimensions of the plot

Reasoning:
Use the ratio condition and express length and breadth in terms of a variable and form
linear equation.

Solution:
Let the common ratio between the length and breadth of the rectangular plot be x.

Hence, the length and breadth of the rectangular plot will be 11x m and 4x m
respectively.
Perimeter of the plot = 2 ( Length + Breadth )
= [2( 11x + 4 x )]m
= 30 x m
It is given that the cost of fencing the plot at the rate of Rs 100 per metre is Rs 75,000.
100  Perimeter = 75000
100  30 x = 75000
3000 x = 75000
Dividing both sides by 3000, we obtain
x = 25
Length = 11x m
= (11  25 ) m
= 275m
Breadth = 4 x m
= ( 4  25 ) m
= 100m

Hence, the dimensions of the plot are 275 m and 100 m respectively.

Q7. Hasan buys two kinds of cloth materials for school uniforms, shirt material
that costs him Rs 50 per meter and trouser material that costs him Rs 90 per meter.
For every 2 meters of the trouser material he buys 3 meters of the shirt material. He
sells the materials at 12% and 10% profit respectively. His total sale is Rs 36660.
How much trouser material did he buy?

Difficulty Level: Hard

What is the known/given?

i) Shirt material that costs him Rs 50 per meter and trouser material that costs him Rs
90 per meter
ii) For every 2 meters of the trouser material, 3 meters of the shirt material is
purchased.
iii) Selling of the materials takes place at 12% and 10% profit respectively
iv) Total sale is Rs 36660

What is the unknown?

How much trouser material is being purchased.

Reasoning: Trouser material and shirt material are purchased in the ratio of 2:3. Use the
ratio condition and express clothes material purchased in the form of variable and form
the linear equation.

Solution:
Let 2x m of trouser material and 3x m of shirt material be bought by him.
 90  12 
Per metre selling price of trouser material = Rs  90 + 
 100 
= Rs 100.80
  50  10 
Per metre selling price of shirt material = Rs  50 + 
 100 
= Rs 55

Given that, total amount of selling = Rs 36660

100.80  ( 2 x ) + 55  ( 3x ) = 36660
201.60 x + 165 x = 36660
366.60 x = 36660

Dividing both sides by 366.60, we obtain

x = 100

Trouser material = 2 x m
= ( 2  100 ) m
= 200m

Q8. Half of a herd of deer are grazing in the field and three fourths of the
remaining are playing nearby. The rest 9 are drinking water from the pond. Find
the number of deer in the herd.

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is the known/given?

i) Half of the herd of deer are grazing in the field
ii) Three-fourths of the remaining are playing nearby
iii) The rest 9 are drinking water from the pond

What is the unknown?

The number of deer in the herd

Reasoning: Assume total number of deer as a variable now use other conditions to form
linear equation.

Solution:
Let the number of deer be x.
x
Number of deer grazing in the field =
2
3
Number of deer playing nearby =  Number of remaining deer
4
3  x
=  x − 
4  2
3 x
= 
4 2
3x
=
8
Number of deer drinking water from the pond = 9
 x 3x 
x− +  =9
2 8 
 4 x + 3x 
x− =9
 8 
7x
x− =9
8
x
=9
8
Multiplying both sides by 8, we obtain
x = 72
Hence, the total number of deer in the herd is 72.

Q9. A grandfather is ten times older than his granddaughter. He is also 54 years
older than her. Find their present ages

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is the known/given?

i) Grandfather is ten times older than his granddaughter
ii) also 54 years older than her

What is the unknown?

Present age of grandfather and granddaughter.

Reasoning: Assume granddaughter age as a variable then grandfather’s age will be 10

time his granddaughter. Use second condition to form linear equation.

Solution:
Let the granddaughter’s age be x years. Therefore, grandfather’s age will be 10x years.
According to the question,

Grandfather’s age = Granddaughter’s age + 54 years

10 x = x + 54

Transposing x to LHS, we obtain

10 x − x = 54
9 x = 54
x=6

Granddaughter’s age = x years

= 6 years

Grandfather’s age = 10x years

= (10  6 ) years
= 60 years
Q10. Aman’s age is three times his son’s age. Ten years ago, he was five times his
son’s age. Find their present ages.

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is the known/given?

i) Aman’s age is three times his son’s age
ii) Ten years ago he was five times his son’s age

What is the unknown?

Present age of Aman and his son.

Reasoning: Assume Aman’s son’s age as a variable now use other conditions and form a
linear equation.

Solution:
Let Aman’s son’s age be x years. Therefore, Aman’s age will be 3x years.

Ten years ago, their age was (x − 10) years and (3x − 10) years respectively.

According to the question,

10 years ago, Aman’s age = 5 × Aman’s son’s age 10 years ago

3x − 10 = 5 ( x − 10 )
3x − 10 = 5 x − 50

Transposing 3x to RHS and 50 to LHS, we obtain

50 − 10 = 5 x − 3x
40 = 2 x

Dividing both sides by 2, we obtain

20 = x

Aman’s son’s age = x years

= 20 years

Aman’s age = 3x years

= ( 3  20 ) years
= 60 years