A Systematic Literature On Application of TOD 2020

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)
ISSN: 2249-8958 (Online), Volume-9 Issue-3, February 2020
A Systematic Literature on Application of Transit

Oriented Development
Ar. Deepshikha Jain, Ekta Singh, Rashmi Ashtt
Abstract: Transit oriented development (TOD) has quickly Oriented Development” over the time. Thus, there is a lot
developed as a well-known urban developing approach all need to study this topic in Indian context as this has been
around the world to achieve a spatial economic transport majorly worked by United States only. more sustainable
interaction. TOD does not only relate to mass transit, but it is a
strategy to decongest nodal, major points, arteries of the city by such that reduction in pollution, energy consumption, and
making people walk, use public transport, in order to make city congestion could be achieved for which Transit Oriented
environmentally sustainable. Indian cities are fronting major Development (TOD) acting as the best tool aiming in
predicament under the sphere of mobility in urban development developing the habit of using public transport by integrating
for which smart cities concept TOD in developing and big land use and transport systems finally making cities more
countries like India. Hence, this paper will be majorly focusing livable and sustainable.
on presentation of a methodical literature assessment. Though,
TOD as a policy is envisaged to have a significant positive impact Therefore, this paper strives to conduct a systematic
in mitigating issues at urban scale but there are variety of literature evaluation on the application of Transit Oriented
attributes and indicators that impact the applicability of (SLR) Development (TOD), such that to identify the lack of
that targets the consolidated knowledge on Transit Oriented information of various aspects of TOD in growing cities.
Development, analyze the parameters for the successful TOD’s Gathering information from 102 papers and reports for the
all over the world and provide steps for further exploration in period of 1992 to 2017,a summary of the vital issues as well
Indian context. The corpus analysis of 102 articles and reports
leading to the most significant research offerings on TOD acting as the growth over time is identified and even assessment of
as the essential pillar in the development is researched such that the key indicators are employed.
these results could be utilized for further research. The term Transit Oriented Development has been diversely
discussed by several authors differently and thus universally
Keywords: Transit oriented development, systematic literature accepted definition has not been accredited till yet. As Singh
review, TOD parameters, sustainable development, pedestrian et. al in mentioned that understanding TOD varies with the
connectivity, accessibility, public transport, NMT (Non-
motorized transport), congestion, Indian cities, etc. deliberate intend of TOD vary whereas; evaluation and
assessment of TOD are also varies. Extensively known 3D
I. INTRODUCTION concept (Density, Diversity and Design) and measured as a
vital feature in assessing TOD planning is given by Cervero
Urbanization is a fundamental constituent of economic in 1997. In the same way, Calthrope (1993) highlights the
growth and rate of urbanization is rising universally. substantial characteristics particularly the walk able
Modern urban time has formed an innovative environment atmosphere and a set of six performance criteria e.g.
that depends deeply on inadequate easily available location, efficiency, value recapture, livability, financial
resources. Due to increase in urbanization, a wide range of returns, choice of lifestyle and efficient land use pattern was
space is required for habitation which has challenged given by Belzer in 2002 condemning a good number of
growing cities to become ecological. Since, conurbations are TOD.
determined by its transportation system and almost all cities
are developed on road based transport system. This has II. INTEREST FOR TRANSIT ORIENTED
resulted side- effects like those of urban sprawl, increase in DEVELOPMENT BY VARIOUS AUTHORS
pollution levels, degradation at immune levels, etc. Hence,
ities are required to take steps to make transport system According to the Google Trends, interest by various authors
Similarly, Figure 2 explains the disastrous decrease in the and practitioners is shown through the graphs below, by
interest of Indians authors since 2006 on the topic “Transit how often the topic is been searched by the people.
As Figure 1 explains the decrement in the interest of authors
and practitioners all over the world starting from the year
2004 which declares the rationale of the study in the present
years.
Revised Manuscript Received on February 05, 2020.

* Correspondence Author
Ar. Deepshikha Jain*, Associate Professor at Hindu School of
Architecture, Sonepat.
Ekta Singh, Director, Amity School of Design, Amity University Uttar
Pradesh.
Rashmi Ashtt, Director of Hindu College of Design, Architecture and
Planning, Delhi NCR
© The Authors. Published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and

Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC
BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Retrieval Number: C5415029320/2020©BEIESP Published By:

DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.C5415.029320 2542 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Journal Website: www.ijeat.org & Sciences Publication
A Systematic Literature on Application of Transit Oriented Development
Figure 1. Worldwide interest on the topic “Transit Oriented Development” over time.
Source:
https://trends.google.co.in/trends/explore?date=all&q=Transit%20oriented%20development, 4 April, 2017 at 1:57 AM.
Figure 2. Interest on the topic “Transit Oriented Development” over time in India.
Source: https://trends.google.co.in/trends/explore?date=all&q=Transit%20oriented%20development, 4 April, 2017 at 1:57 AM.
III. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH railway network by Enrica Papa and Luca Bertolini
(2015).While visiting some papers it came to notice that
It is the literature regarding application of transit oriented
some papers have most suitable approaches and
development, assessing the different focuses and different
methodologies offering the complete coverage to the topic.
subjects of investigation. Some papers explicitly focused
Therefore, the second research question is:
typically on the matter, whereas others are less focused and
has discussed several topics at once. For illustration, Ghim Q2.To identifies the methodology and parameters used
Ping ONG et. Al (2010)examined various options which can for the application of TOD in urban areas all over the
be used by transportation and urban development agencies world.
for promoting sustainability. Monyrath KOV et. al (2011) While giving the multiplicity of topics and a range of
developed analytical model for determining optimal research methodologies, the objective to understand the
frequency for urban bus transit and Nguyen Quang Minh et. parameters for the assessment of the application of TOD in
al (2011) helped in enhancing the quality of life by an area even also to discover the best path. Thus, the third
protecting the living environment for the residents by research question arrives as:
developing a planning concept of new traffic- and- service.
Since, no systematic analysis could be found for application Q3.To understands the literature pertaining to TOD in
TOD for growing cities, thus, the first research addressed in Indian cities.
this paper is: Further, identifying the planned TOD’s in Indian cities and
even to identify the places where the concept of transit
Q1.To identify essential subjects related to Transit oriented development tis proposed and executed in India, so,
Oriented Development and how those topics evolved? that the most practical guidelines for future research could
The literature exposes exceptionally different methods of be categorized. Finally, the fourth research question comes
formulation and evolving solution for determining optimal out as:
frequency for urban bus transit by Hooke- Jeeves algorithm
by Monyrath KOV et. all (2011) to classification of various
levels of residential QOL indicators and socioeconomic
groups in station and no station areas by Kazuki Akamura
et. all (2016) to demonstrate the comparison of rail- based
accessibility in urban areas to jobs concentrated around

DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.C5415.029320 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
2543 & Sciences Publication
Journal Website: www.ijeat.org
Q4. To examine the papers that are instrumental in focused on the documents published in journals and reports
assessing the literature till now? like transportation, urban planning, management and
To counter the above question, a SLR was elected with a engineering science for the period 1992 to 2017. The
specific focus on application of transit oriented development starting year was selected because, however Peter Calthorpe
and methods by which these can be implemented. First, the in his publication “The New American Metropolis” in 1993,
SLR, procedure, the classification of the papers and the codified the concept of Transit-Oriented Development
analysis that led to the answering of the questions are (TOD) and thus, the major push began around the year
discussed. Subsequent, the chief conclusions from the 1992.Conference proceedings and grey literature like
collected body of papers are reported, bifurcating the technical report and works in progress is also included in
essential areas mentioned and thus, development with time. corpus.
Following, sprouting the methodologies and parameters and The exploration was started based on the criteria as per
planned cities in India. Table 1.Most of the publishers chosen for the research are
Elsevier, Science Direct, Journal of Transport and Landuse,
IV. THE RESEARCH METHOD etc. were chosen for analysis. Whereas paper based on TOD
and housing, property valuation, employment, economics,
The SLR method has been selected for this study because of etc, are excluded. Each paper which leads to the disparity
the nature of the research questions aiming at the latest regarding insertion/ omission criteria was read completely
developments, changes and the existing gaps in the scientific until conformity was achieved. This lead to the final
literature. A review earns the adjective “systematic” when selection as accounted in Table 1 which resulted in the
the questions are clearly formulated, studies are relevantly extraction of 65papers and reports. (Figure 3).
identified, quality is appraised and finally, methodology is
summarized. It also provides a protocol with detailed Step 2: Selection based on title and omission criteria
documentation by L. Alexendra et. all (2016). After reviewing the titles and omission of papers, 473 were
This SLR has adopted a four- step protocol to find out a selected to go for next step.
valid procedure such that it can be replicated by other
researchers also. Step 3: Selection based on reading abstracts/ contents
Finally, after reading abstracts of papers and contents of
Step 1: Insertion/ Omission Criteria reports 234 researches were selected, by removing the work
In the start, a preliminary list of the keywords and insertion out of the research scope from the corpus. Specifically, 239
criteria were acknowledged, and the application of transit researches that did not focus exactingly on transit oriented
oriented development was devised by the various synonyms development rather focusing on health, financial planning,
(for e.g. sustainable transport, green TOD) in the keywords, economical planning, social aspects, traffic engineering and
creating the research all-inclusive. Moreover, the study many more were excluded.
Table 1. Insertion criteria for paper selection.

Insertion Criteria Description
Transit Oriented Development (TOD), Green TOD, Sustainable Transport, NMT,
Keywords
indicators of TOD, Design parameters for a successful TOD
English
Language
Articles and Reports
Document Types
Journals and Reports
Source Types
1992-2017
Time Interval
Figure 3. Systematic literature review results according to the selection procedure.

Step 4: Selection based on full text and snow balling
Figure 4. Papers bifurcated according to the period (year) of publication.

The final step of the procedure included the distillation of contributions regarding Transit oriented Development in the
the list of selected research works. After reading the full last ten years could be seen, finally authenticating the
versions of papers and reports, 141 were not in the exact current significance of the subject.
scope of the research work i.e. parameters for the The peak number of researches in this field can be seen in
application of transit oriented development and hence, were the last year i.e., 2016 partially due to the relevance and
excluded. After listing down the focused research works, the need of the subject in the present scenario and thus leading
references of selected were checked i.e. backwards to the awareness regarding the concept of Transit Oriented
snowballing, and spotted the most cited papers at least more Development among Planners, Demographists, Economists,
than five times. Finally, missing works are added in the etc. Since the scope of the topic ding a range of articles and
corpus, leading to a final corpus of 102 researches. report listed at the second stage, still a development can be
The outcomes in terms of number of works are programmed analyzed where after 2is very wide, thus, an extensive range
according to the selection criteria in Figure3. Further for the of publications has been listed while going through the
answer of four research questions the main conclusion from references. After exclu009 where 14 publications are found
the collected corpus of papers are accounted, distinguished and with a growth of 12 publications in 2014and of 2016 has
according to the broad divisions of main topics addressed hit the highest point in special case of Transit Oriented
and their evolution over time were also accomplished to Development confirming the rising trend of the publications
emphasize the strength of the progress of the SLR. on the topic through the years.
Altogether, the corpus includes a categorization of
V. ELOQUENTSCRUTINY OF THE CORPUS 55different journals and reports (Figure 5) where there is no
overriding publisher. Further, this bifurcation is categorized
Figure 4 explains the bifurcation according to the year of
under broad divisions as seen in Figure 6.
publishing and it can be seen that despite of some variations
in the considered time interval, a positive growth in the
Figure 5. Quantity of papers from each journal in the corpus.

Figure 6. Number of papers for each area as per the journal in the corpus.
addressed. During this process each paper was reviewed and
VI. CATALOGUING OF THE PAPERS
inductively defines down list of topics. According to the
To answer to Q1, Q2 and Q3, an organization of the topics defined, each paper was bifurcated which is reported
publications was conducted based on the main topics in the Table 2.
Table 2. Bifurcation of the topics according to the own list in the paper corpus.
TOPICS DESRIPTION PAPERS
Evolution TOD Papers related to this topic discusses about the development of 1, 5, 7, 13, 27
project in their particular 2egion according to the phases of growth.
Detail Analysis In this authors have given the detailed analysis of the development 2, 18, 40, 55, 58, 85, 86, 89, 94,
of TOD between and after the execution of the project using 97, 99, 101
various tools and measuring criteria.
Sustainable This collection of papers includes the comparison of sustainability 3, 8, 21, 22, 41, 51, 52, 62, 72,
TOD and Transit Oriented Development as both the topics go hand in 77, 99
hand.
Challenges Various challenges faced during the execution and development of 6, 22, 23, 32, 44, 50, 91
the TOD projects are discussed such that it could kept in mind
while designing and TOD project.
Defining TOD Every author has its own definition of TOD as there is no standard 6, 34, 35, 51, 56, 89, 60, 78, 81,
universal definition of TOD, therefore, it is very essential to 82, 92
understand various definitions and explanation discussed by the
experts of TOD.
Implementation This topic includes various implementation strategies adopted by 8, 19, 25, 28, 29, 30, 34, 43, 47,
strategies various authors and practitioners all over the world to make Transit 49, 51, 53, 61, 63, 71, 78, 87,
Oriented Development a successful project. 88, 94, 98
Assessment of To identify whether the TOD in any region is successful or not or 9, 12, 14, 17, 21, 37, 38, 39, 50,
indicators make a TOD successful, some parameters are required for the 52, 54, 58, 64, 66, 72, 73, 74,
justification which has been discussed in this section by various 77, 79, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90,
authors. 91, 95, 96, 97, 101
Measuring TOD In this collection authors have measured various TOD’s using their 9, 14, 37, 73, 74, 76, 79, 80, 82,
own methodology and index to find out the reasons behind the 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90
success and failures.
Case study A variety of case studies have been analyzed and studied to make 10, 17, 18, 19, 20, 31, 32, 33,
the foundation more strong 34, 35, 37, 42, 44, 46, 49, 55,
56, 61, 65, 66, 68, 69, 81, 102
Policy lessons In this authors have developed policy lessons for the successful 11, 47, 63, 71, 75, 81, 92, 93,
execution of TOD 100
Designing Similarly, designing guidelines have been identified and developed 15, 30, 31, 36, 43, 45, 65, 71,
Guidelines by the authors required for their particular regions 75, 83, 100
Explanation Theory behind the need of TOD in present scenario has been 16, 24
explained by various authors in this section.
Modeling Here authors have developed different models for the quantitative 39, 56, 59, 64, 66, 96, 101
analysis for the execution and to check whether the TOD is
successful or a failure.
Figure 7 exhibits the occurrence of the various topics as they
appeared in the papers. The four most often concentrated
topics are:

1. Assessment of indicators: To identify whether the TOD 3. Implementation strategies: This topic includes various
in any region is successful or not or make a TOD implementation strategies adopted by various authors
successful, some parameters are required for the and practitioners all over the world to make Transit
justification which has been discussed in this section by Oriented Development a successful project.
various authors. 4. Measuring TOD: In this collection authors have
2. Case study: A variety of case studies have been measured various TOD’s using their own methodology
analyzed and studied to make the foundation more and index to find out the reasons behind the success and
strong failures.
Figure 7. Number of papers concentrating on each area.

Note: Each paper may be listed to more than one topic
Table 3 give a detail analyses of methodologies and Whereas for the answer of Q3, no study has been found
parameters for the application of transit oriented where TOD has been executed but TOD has been planned
development studied in literature by various authors i.e., for many cities like Ahmadabad, Chennai and presently
finally the answer of the Q2. Success or failure can be Delhi where criteria has been set by Delhi Development
measured only when final step is known to us. Since Authority and various other ones including the criteria of
stakeholders in this project might have different perspective, mixed use and compact development as per the typical
objectives as well as criteria for assessment, hence, this will which needs to be revised because as said by Kamruzzaman
also differ. Md. Et. all (2014) that the reasons behind the failure of TOD
are “development oriented transit” and “one – size fits all” .
Table 3. TOD assessment by various authors
References Methodologies/ Parameters

Assessing the achievement of TOD relies upon the vision of the
Renne (2009)
stakeholders. Thus, the Regional Performance Approach (RPA) and
Community Performance Approach (CPA) were his suggestions.
Renne and Wells (2005) Developed a strategy to measure TOD including 10 best indicators are
identified that can monitor also. These are: Transit ridership; Density of
development; Quantity of streetscape; Quantity of mixed use development;
Pedestrian activity and safety; Increase in property value; Increase in tax
revenue; Public perception; Number of mode connections at the station/ stop;
and Parking.
Nelson and Niles (2009) Acknowledged and counted 16 features that could conclude the attainment of
TOD at both levels of local and regional. They developed a concept called
‘Back casting Delphi’ which can be utilized to know the perfect measure for
preferred TOD result.
Belzer and Autler (2002) Functional outcomes were desired in TOD in comparison to substantial
characteristics. Six key criteria listed: Location efficiency; Choice; Value
capture; Financial return; Livability; and Efficient land use patterns at
regional level.
Similar to the above mentioned “Belzer and Autler” criteria keeping in mind
Dittmar and Poticha (2004)
that these criteria require a lot of data for the scrutiny.
Illustrated the TOD- ness of the projects through important indicators like:
Evans and Pratt (2007)
Centrally positioned transit; walker priority; High quality transportation; Mix
of uses; Supportive density; and Parking management.
Evaluated from Singh (2015)

be used for quantifying the success of TOD in Indian

VII. CALCULATED ASSESSMENT PROCESS FOR studies.
EVALUATING SUCCESS OF TOD WITH i. Institutional Support
CRITERIA AND INDICATORS ii. Quality of Cityscape
A lot many studies have been acknowledged by numerous iii. Health, Safety and Environment
authors, categorizing the pointers to estimate the success of iv. Economic Development
TOD in any area. Thus, rendering from the literature above, v. Travel Behavior
six main criteria and succeeding indicators have been vi. Socio- Cultural Impact
computed which gives a supplementary meaning, to Thus, the table below explains the validation behind the
measure TOD such that they cover the different features of credentials of criteria as well as the indicators premeditated
TOD. Thus, the lists of criteria are listed below which would from the corpus of 102 papers.
Table 4. Listing of criteria based on paper corpus
ASSESSMENT PAPERS
6 9 14 37 38 54 58 64 72 73 74 80 86 101
INDICATORS
Institutional support X √ X X X X X √ √ X X X X X
Quality of cityscape √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ X √ √ √ √ √
Health safety and √ √ √ √ X √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

environment
Economic √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ X
development
Travel behavior √ X √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Socio- cultural impact X X X X √ X X √ √ √ X X X X
The resulting classification is reported in Figure8 and Table

VIII. RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES EMPLOYED
5, where each paper could adopt more than one
AND ITS CORRELATION
methodology. In this papers are characterized according to
To categorize the study methodologies, the scrutiny the methodologies used by the authors in their respective
followed an inductive approach similar to the one previously researches. It can be concluded that a systematic literature
discussed. Each paper is classified on own experiences. review is majorly utilized by the researchers to work for
Then, a table was created by revising and grouping the transit oriented development.
various methodologies identified.
Table 5. Division of the topics according to the methodology adopted
Methods Papers
9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 22, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47,
Case Study/ Intreview 52, 55, 72
Quantitative Modelling 8, 18, 19, 21, 27, 29, 40, 48, 72, 73, 84, 85, 86
5, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 52, 56, 57, 58, 63, 65, 66, 67, 72,
Questionaire/ Survey 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 90
Experimental/ Piloting 1, 18, 30, 36
3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, 23, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 51,
54,.55, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 86,
Literature/Systematic review 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 100, 102
Simulation 2, 18, 37, 41, 45 53, 69, 86, 87, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101

Figure 8. Number of papers according to the method in the corpus.

To understand more, the type of data collected and used in manipulation whereas qualitative data is achieved from the
the study is also bifurcated. Therefore, the analysis case studies and interviews, which cannot be measured
distinguished between qualitative, quantitative data and the directly. The results of the classification of data are reported
papers using both techniques. Quantitative data can be in Figure9.
quantified and verified and are amendable to statistical
Figure 9. Variety of data utilized in the corpus.

IX. RESULT ANALYSIS: ISSUES, GAPS AND
FUTURE LINES OF RESEARCH
In addition to answering the four research questions, the achieved by creating a area with higher densities with mixed
scrutiny of the literature on application of transit oriented land use or by pedestranizing them alone. Regions including
development permitted us to classify some guidelines for all these characteristics with appropriate access to a good
research that deserve further exploration by both academics transit system still require integration of land use and transit
and practitioners. system.
Likewise, from above discussion it is clear that TOD has Whereas Singh (2015) declared that public reserves in
been defined diversely by various authors which explain that facilities such as for TOD are made often without knowing
there is no standard definition of TOD. It is expected that present circumstances and probable results of the proposals.
the main idea of TOD is the integration land use and transit A deficiency of inclusive tools to eveluate TOD or TOD-
to encouraged to use public transport more and avoid using ness of any area is identified in Wells and Renne in 2005.
personal vehicles, they are even encouraged to be Whereas there are many indicators to measure TOD, but in
pedestrianism or use non- motorized transport to make no case indicators are used to quantify TOD jointly but the
environment more sustainable. Stakeholders and involved case studies were mainly qualitative discussions by authors.
parties have different criteria for developing TOD and hence Assessment of TOD- ness will add in evaluating TOD
have different aims and definitions. projects also (Evans and Pratt, 2007).
Since, all authors define TOD diversely but there is not
much difference in their definitions. Therefore, majorly the X. CONCLUSION
benefits expected to be out of each TOD are:
The intention was to provide a systematic analysis of the
1. Increased use of public transport, thus bringing
scientific literature that addresses the importance of the
more prospects.
concept of Transit Oriented Development which is
2. Increasing property values and healthy market
degrading day by day. There is significant confirmation that
competition leading to financial and economic
enthusiasm for transit oriented development is on the ascent
development.
in the United States. Transit Oriented-Development moves
3. Making people pedestrianism or use non-
the concentration from diffuse, car sited development to
motorized transport, to create healthy environment.
denser, blended utilizes neighborhoods revolved around
4. Avoid congestion on roads and create a healthy
travel station. TOD can have a heap of social, natural and
lifestyle, safer vicinity and active societies.
financial advantages for individuals and groups, from
5. Utilization of land in a more organized and
lessened expenses of living, better access to employments,
systematic order.
and financial development, to more beneficial ways of life
6. Increase transit ridership and diminish traffic
and, through diminished car utilize that defines the rationale
pollution, utilization of non renewable resources.
of TOD in India.
Detail analysis of the aforementioned, it is quite clear that
Transit Oriented Development concept cannot only be

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FURTHER READING Delhi NCR. She has won many awards including 'Proud to be an
1. Nguyen Quang Minh (2016) “Application of “Car-Free City” and “City Indian Woman Award' by Saanwari Women Power Club, which was
of Short Walks” to Living Quarters in Hanoi Towards Sustainable Presented to her by MLA and Parliament Secretary, Delhi.
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VaramethVichiensan and YoshitsugnHayanshi (2016) “Failure of
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Asian Transport Studies, Vol.1, Pg. No. 194- 209.
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(2010),,“Strategies through achieving Sustainability through Integral
Transportation & Urban development in USA & Asia”, Asian
Transport Studies, Vol.1 Pg. No. 89-104.
4. Monyrath KOV, Daisuke Fukuda, Tetsuo Yai(2011),, “Optimizing
Frequency of Bus Services in Mixed Traffic Urban Streets”, Asian
Transport Studies, Vol.1 Pg. No. 352-367.
AUTHORS PROFILE
Ar. Deepshikha Jain is an Architect- Planner
with acute interest in sustainable growth of cities.
She has completed her graduation in B. Arch in
2010 as well as her post-graduation in Urban and
Rural Planning from DCRUST, Murthal, India in
2013. In these years, she has worked with
organizations of Architects and Planners on
Urban Planning projects and even done residential projects on her
own. She has a vast experience of teaching with many institutions at
Assistant as well as working as an Associate Professor at Hindu
School of Architecture, Sonepat. In 2016, she started her PhD from
Amity University, Noida and presently working on various National
and International papers, conference papers and has participated in
various courses and conferences, etc. She has been working as in-
charge on the various posts of Anti- ragging cell committee, NATA,
NASA, etc. she loves to travel and explore new things, in- total loves
to keep herself busy. She is a member of IIA and IIV also.
Prof. (Dr.) Ekta Singh- Currently Director –

Amity School of Design, Amity University Uttar
Pradesh. She is an architect and has more than
19 years of experience in the consulting,
education and research in the field of
architecture and interior design. She has worked
on numerous residential and office projects and has made remarkable
intense contribution in the growth of the organizations of which she
has been a part. She has numerous research papers to her credit in the
international journals of repute. She was awarded the Mashav
Scholarship by the State of Israel. She has been on various advisory
posts on design projects, for many consulting firms and juror for
many students’ design competitions. Also, she is on Boards of Studies
of State University and Moderation Boards of National Examinations.
She has chaired many conferences, seminars and workshops on the
topics of sustainability, research and design. She is very competent,
result-oriented and energetic by nature. Her active involvement in the
various human-value initiatives for the betterment of the youth power
and community building allows her an opportunity to be connected
with the various corners of the society. She is a live liver donor and
intensely supports the campaign for the organ donation and leaves no
scope for any opportunity of community and social welfare.


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International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)

ISSN: 2249-8958 (Online), Volume-9 Issue-3, February 2020

A Systematic Literature on Application of Transit

Revised Manuscript Received on February 05, 2020.

© The Authors. Published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and

Retrieval Number: C5415029320/2020©BEIESP Published By:

Retrieval Number: C5415029320/2020©BEIESP Published By:

Table 1. Insertion criteria for paper selection.

Figure 3. Systematic literature review results according to the selection procedure.

Retrieval Number: C5415029320/2020©BEIESP Published By:

Step 4: Selection based on full text and snow balling

Figure 4. Papers bifurcated according to the period (year) of publication.

Figure 5. Quantity of papers from each journal in the corpus.

Retrieval Number: C5415029320/2020©BEIESP Published By:

Retrieval Number: C5415029320/2020©BEIESP Published By:

Figure 7. Number of papers concentrating on each area.

References Methodologies/ Parameters

Retrieval Number: C5415029320/2020©BEIESP Published By:

be used for quantifying the success of TOD in Indian

Health safety and √ √ √ √ X √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Socio- cultural impact X X X X √ X X √ √ √ X X X X

The resulting classification is reported in Figure8 and Table

Retrieval Number: C5415029320/2020©BEIESP Published By:

Figure 8. Number of papers according to the method in the corpus.

Figure 9. Variety of data utilized in the corpus.

Retrieval Number: C5415029320/2020©BEIESP Published By:

Retrieval Number: C5415029320/2020©BEIESP Published By:

Retrieval Number: C5415029320/2020©BEIESP Published By:

Prof. (Dr.) Ekta Singh- Currently Director –

Retrieval Number: C5415029320/2020©BEIESP Published By:

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