What Is Intelligence

What is intelligence?
What characterizes an intelligent person?
Where does intelligence originate from?

Does nature or nurture determine intelligence?
Can intelligence be purposely improved?
Intelligence is the ability to perceive information, to learn and retain it as a knowledge to be

applied in his/ her environment; An individual’s ability to comprehend ideas to adapt
effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to recognize and understand the
problem and seeking for the solution and overcome its obstacle. It is not characterized by
either the experimental or the sentient aspect, but by its experiential nature. It means that the
dimensions of human experience are not exhausted in the realm of sensorial. Human
intelligence manifests a genetic behavior which leads it to act by raising notion to the
absolute in such fashion that there can be no other superior to it in which provides an
explanation of reality and searching for the foundation and unification of knowledge.
Thus, an intelligent person is one who is flexible in their thinking and resourcefulness to
cope with its changes and challenges and apt to do/ apply knowledge in dealing with new
or trying situations.
Intelligence originated from the moment of our conception. Scientific research has revealed
that a baby’s brain starts developing in the mother’s womb. We are created with intelligence
that can be improved (in the family, school, in our environment) and even develop it through
learning. We are all born with different levels of capabilities which can be developed. And
nature and nurture play an important relative role in intelligence. These two cannot be
separated; it has genetic and environmental causes which indicates individual’s intelligence
are changeable and flexible to learn that can improve over time.
1. Alfred Binet – “Binet-Simon Scale” He invented the first intelligence test, along with
his collaborator Theodore Simon. It comprised a variety of tasks they thought were
representative of typical children's abilities at various ages.
2. Charles Spearman- “General Intelligence” He concluded that human intelligence
reflects a single general intelligence factor and coining the term g factor.
3. Edward Thorndike- He emphasized learning where he developed his theory,

connectionism, based on his research with animals and define intelligence as the
ability to give good responses to questions.
4. Robert Sternberg – “The Triarchic Approach to Intelligence” He categorizes
intelligence into three parts: Analytical Intelligence, Creative Intelligence and Practical
Intelligence. It directed towards the adaptation, selection and shaping of real-world
environment relevant to one’s life.
5. David Perkins – “Theory of Learnable Intelligence” He describes intelligence as
three dimensional: Neural Intelligence, Experiential Intelligence and Reflective
Intelligence.
6. Howard Gardner – “Theory of Multiple Intelligence” He proposed 8 intelligences
based on skills and abilities which allows the idea that there is more than one way to
define a person’s intellect aside from traditional IQ testing.
7. Daniel Goleman – “Emotional Intelligence Theory” He broadened Mayer’s &
Salovey’s 4-branch system to incorporate 5 essential elements of Emotional
Intelligence or known as EQ : Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Motivation, Empathy,
and Social Skills.
I couldn’t disagree, exclude or denied one of the theories about intelligence because I,
personally, think that each theorist’s point of view/ idea correlates with one another. But
I do agree with Howard Gardner’s theory where it totally allows the idea that there’s
another way to define a person’s intellect aside from academic field. Every person is
unique; they learn and acquire information in different ways. And with this, it helps you
to understand the best possible methods to assess and support your students.
It reminded me the movie I watched about a real-life educator in North Carolina. (Allow me to
share a brief story of him.) Ron Clark left his hometown to teach a disruptive 6 th grade class that
has just been abandoned by their teacher and nobody else wants to teach them. He struggles to
understand them, individually and collectively and he applies different teaching strategies (such
as art decorations in classroom, experiments, music, travel by exploring New York City, playing
with the kids like cards in teaching mathematics) and he always think of how the kids can best
acquire learning based on their interest and capacity as well. In the end, Ron Clark’s class turned
out to be the best performing class in the State Exam and one of his students got a perfect score,
which no one in the district ever does. He incorporates different approach based on the capacity
of his students to learn, their skills, talents and different levels of intelligence.
All people possess some level of each intelligence, most will experience more dominant
intelligences that impact the way they learn and interact with the world around them.

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What is intelligence?

What characterizes an intelligent person?

Where does intelligence originate from?

Intelligence is the ability to perceive information, to learn and retain it as a knowledge to be

3. Edward Thorndike- He emphasized learning where he developed his theory,

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