12.

The process of transmitting two or more information Ans: shortwaves

Chapter 1: Introduction to Elec Comm signals simultaneously over the same channel is
called 24.Television broadcasting occurs in which ranges?
1. Communication is the process of Ans: Multiplexing Ans: VHF
Ans: exchanging information
13.Continuous voice or video signals are referred to as 25.Electromagnetic waves produced primarily by heat are
2. Two key barriers to human communication are being called
Ans: distance and language Ans: Baseband Ans: infrared rays

3. Electronic communications was discovered in which 14.Recovering information from a carrier is known as 26.A micron is
century? Ans: Detection Ans: One-millionth of a meter
Ans: 19th
15.Transmission of graphical information over the 27.The frequency range of infrared rays is approximately
4. Which of the following is not a major communications telephone network is accomplished by Ans: 0.7 to 100μm
medium? Ans: facsimile
Ans: Water 28.The approximately wavelength of red light is
16.Measuring physical conditions at some remote location Ans: 7000 Ǻ
5. Random interference to transmitted signals is called and transmitting this data for analysis is the process of
Ans: noise Ans: Telemetry 29.Which of the following is not used for communications
Ans: X-rays
6. The communications medium causes the signal to be 17.Receiving electromagnetic emissions from stars is
Ans: attenuated called 30.A signal occupies the spectrum space from 1.115 to
Ans: Radio-astronomy 1.122 GHz. The bandwidth is
7. Which of the following is not a source of noise? Ans: 7 MHz
Ans: Another communications signal 18.A personal communications hobby for individuals is
Ans: ham radio 31.In the united states, the electromagnetic spectrum is
8. One-way communications is called regulated and managed by
Ans: simplex 19.Radar is based upon Ans: FCC
Ans: reflected radio signals
9. Simultaneous two-way communications is called 32.For a given bandwidth signal, more channel space is
Ans: Full duplex 20.A frequency of 27MHz has a wavelength of available for signals in the range of
approximately Ans: EHF
10.The original electrical information signal to be Ans: 11m
transmitted is called the Chapter 2: AM and SSB Modulation
Ans: Baseband signal 21.Radio signals are made up of
Ans: Electric and magnetic fields 1. Having an information signal change some
11. The process of modifying a high frequency carrier with characteristic of a carrier signal is called
the information to be transmitted is called 22.The voice frequency range is Ans: modulation
Ans: modulation Ans: 300 to 3000 Hz
2. Which of the following is not true about AM?
23.Another name for signals in the HF range is Ans: The carrier frequency changes
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 1
3. The opposite of modulation is Ans: frequency domain 24. The main advantage of SSB over standard AM or DSB
Ans: Demodulation is
15. Most of the power in an AM signal is the Ans: Less spectrum space is used
4. The circuit used to produced modulation is called a Ans: Carrier
Ans: demodulator 25. In SSB, which sideband is the best to use?
16. An AM signal has a carrier power of 5 W. The Ans: neither upper or lower
5. A modulator circuit performs what mathematical percentage of modulation is 80 percent. The total
operation on its two inputs? sideband power is 26. The typical audio modulating frequency range used in
Ans: Multiplication Ans: 1.6 W radio and telephone communications is
Ans: 300 Hz to 3 kHz
6. The ratio of the peak modulating signal voltage to the 17. For 100 percent modulation, what percentage of
peak carrier voltage is referred to as power is in each sideband? 27. An AM signal with a maximum modulating signal
Ans: the modulation index Ans: 25 percent frequency of 4.5 kHz has a total bandwidth of
Ans: 9 kHz
7. If m is greater than 1, what happens? 18. An AM transmitter has a percentage of modulation of
Ans: information signal is distorted 88. The carrier power is 440 W. The power in one 28. Distortion of the modulating signal produces
sideband is harmonics which cause an increase in the signal
8. For ideal AM, which of the following is true? Ans: 85 W Ans: bandwidth
Ans: m = 1
19. An AM transmiiter antenna current is measured with 29. The process of translating a signal, with or without
9. The outline of the peaks of a carrier has the shape of no modulation and found to be 2.6 A. With modulation, modulation, to a higher or lower frequency for
the modulating signal and is called the the current rises to 2.9 A. The percentage of processing is called
Ans: envelop modulation is Ans: frequency conversion
Ans: 70 percent
10. Overmodulation occurs when 30. Frequency translation is carried out by a circuit called
Ans: Vm > Vc 20. What is the carrier power in the problem above if the a
antenna resistance is 75 ohms? Ans: converter
11. The values of Vmax and Vmin as read from an AM Ans: 507 W
wave on an oscilloscope are 2.8 and 0.3. The 31. An input signal of 1.8 MHz is mixed with a local
percentage of modulation is 21. In an AM signal, the transmitted information is oscillation of 5 MHz. A filter selects the difference
Ans: 80.6 % contained within the signal. The output is
Ans: sidebands Ans: 3.2 MHz
12. The new signals produced by modulation are called
Ans: sidebands 22. An AM signal without the carrier is called a(n) 32. The output of an SSB transmitter with a 3.85 MHz
Ans: DSB carrier and a 1.5 kHz sine wave modulating tone is
13. A carrier of 880 kHz is modulated by a 3.5 kHz sine Ans: 3.85, 3.8485, and 3.8515 MHz
wave. The LSB and USB are, respectively, 23. What is the minimum AM signal needed to transmit
Ans: 876.5 and 883.5 kHz information? 33. An SSB transmitter produces a 400 V peak-to-peak
Ans: One sideband signal across a 52 ohms antenna load. The PEP
14. A display of signal amplitude versus frequency is output is
called the Ans: 384.5 W
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 2
Solution:
400V 6. The component used to produce AM at very high 14. A widely used balanced modulator is called the
frequencies is a Ans: lattice modulator
PEP  2 2  384.5W Ans: Varactor
52 Ω 15. In a diode ring modulator, the diodes act like
7. Amplitude modulation generated at a very low voltage Ans: switches
34. The output power of an SSB transmitter is usually or power amplitude is known as
expressed in terms of Ans: Low-level modulation 16. The output of a balanced modulator is
Ans: Peak envelope power Ans: DSB
8. A collector modulator has a supply voltage of 48 V.
35. An SSB transmitter has a PEP rating of 1 kW. The The peak-to-peak amplitude of the modulating signal 17. The principal circuit in the popular 1496/1596 IC
average output power is in the range of for 100 percent modulation is balanced modulator is a
Ans: 250 to 333 W Ans: 96 V Ans: Differential amplifier

Solution: Solution: 18. The most commonly used filter in SSB generator uses
PEP Vmp-p = 2Vc . m = 96 V Ans: RC networks and op-amps
Vavg 1   333W
3 , 9. A collector modulated transmitter has a supply voltage 19. The equivalent circuit of a quartz crystal is a
PEP of 24 V and a collector current of 0.5 A. The modulator Ans: Series resonant circuit and parallel resonant
Vavg 2   250W
power for 100 percent modulation is circuit
4
Ans: 12 W
20. A crystal lattice filter has crystal frequencies of 27.5
Chapter 3: AM Circuits
Solution: and 27.502 MHz. The bandwidth is approximately
P = VI = 24 x 0.5 = 12 W Ans: 2 kHz
1. Amplitude modulation is the same as
Ans: Analog multiplication
10. The circuit that recovers the original modulating Solution:
information from an AM signal is known as a BW = f2 – f1 = 27.502MHz–27.5MHz = 2 kHz
2. In a diode modulator, the negative half of the AM wave
Ans: demodulator
is supplied by a(n)
21. An SSB generator has a sideband filter centered at
Ans: Tuned circuit
11. The most commonly used amplitude demodulator is 3.0 MHz. The modulating signal is 3 kHz. To produce
the both upper and lower sidebands, the following carrier
3. Amplitude modulation can be produced by
Ans: Envelope detector frequencies must be produced:
Ans: Having the carrier vary a resistance
Ans: 2997 and 3003 kHz
12. A circuit that generates the upper and lower sidebands
4. Amplitude modulators that vary the carrier amplitude
but no carrier is called a(a) Solution:
with the modulating signal by passing it through an
Ans: Balanced modulator LSB = 3.0 MHz – 3 kHz = 2997 kHz
attenuator work on the principle of
USB = 3.0 MHz + 3 kHz = 3003 kHz
Ans: Variable resistance
13. The inputs to a balanced modulator are 1 MHz and a 22. In the phasing method of SSB generation, one
carrier of 1.5 MHz. The outputs are sideband is canceled out due to
5. In Fig. 3-4, D1 is a
Ans: 500 kHz and 2.5 MHz Ans: phase shift
Ans: Variable resistor

©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 3

23. A balanced modulator used to demodulate a SSB 2. Both FM and PM are types of kind of modulation?
m  50 000  12.5
signal is called a(n) Ans: Angle 4000
Ans: converter
3. If the amplitude of the modulating signal decreases, 12. The maximum deviation of an FM carrier is 2 kHz by a
24. Frequency translation is done with a circuit called a the carrier deviation maximum modulating signal of 400 Hz. The deviation
Ans: mixer Ans: decreases ratio is
Ans: 5
25. The inputs to a mixer are f o and fm. In down 4. On an FM signal, maximum deviation occurs at what
conversion, which of the following mixer output signals point on the modulating signal? Solution:
is selected Ans: Both positive and negative peak amplitude
m  2 000 5
Ans: fo - fm 400
5. In PM, a frequency shift occurs while what
26. Mixing for frequency conversion is the same as characteristic of the modulating signal is changing? 13. A 70 kHz carrier has a frequency deviation of 4 kHz
Ans: Liner summing Ans: Amplitude with a 1000 Hz signal. How many significant sideband
pairs are produced?
27. Which of the following can be used as a mixer 6. Maximum frequency deviation of a PM signal occurs Ans: 7
Ans: Balanced modulator, FET and Diode modulator at
Ans: Zero crossing points Solution:
28. The desired output from a mixer is usually selected
with a 7. In PM, carrier frequency deviation is not proportional m  4 000 4
1000
Ans: Crystal filter to: By using Bessel’s Table, a modulation index of 4,
Ans: Carrier amplitude and frequency has 7 significant sidebands.
29. The two main inputs to a mixer are the signal to be
translated and a signal from a(n) 8. To compensate for increases in carrier frequency 14. What is the bandwidth of the FM signal described in
Ans: Local oscillator deviation with an increase in modulating signal question 13 above?
frequency, what circuit is used between the Ans: 14 kHz
30. An NE602 mixer IC has a difference output of 10.7 modulating signal and the phase modulator?
MHz. The input is 146.8 MHz. The local oscillator Ans: Low-pass filter Solution:
frequency is BW = 2Nfmax
Ans: 157.5 MHz 9. The FM produced by PM is called BW = 2 (7) (1000) = 14 kHz
Ans: Indirect FM
Solution: 15. What is the relative amplitude of the third pair of
fo = 146.8 MHz + 10.7 MHz 10. If the amplitude of the modulating signal applied to a sidebands of an FM signal with m = 6
phase modulator is constant, the output signal will be Ans: 0.11
Ans: The carrier frequency
Chapter 4: FM
11. A 100 MHz carrier is deviated 50 kHz by a 4 kHz
1. The amount of frequency deviation from the carrier signal. The modulation index is
center frequency in an FM transmitter is proportional Ans: 12.5
to what characteristic of the modulating signal?
Ans: Amplitude Solution:
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 4
16. A 200 kHz carrier is modulated by a 2.5 kHz signal. 23. The phenomenon of a strong FM signal dominating a 3. Increasing the reverse bias on a varactor diode will
The fourth pair of sidebands are spaced from the weaker signa on a common frequency is referred to as cause its capacitance
carrier by the Ans: decrease
Ans: 10 kHz Ans: capture effect
4. The capacitance of a varactor diode is in what general
Solution: 24. The AM signals generated at a low level may only be range
4th sideband = 4 (2.5 kHz) = 10 kHz amplified by what type of amplifier? Ans: pF
Ans: Linear
17. An FM transmitter has a maximum deviation of 12 kHz 5. In Fig. 5-3, the varactor diode is biased by which
and a maximum modulating frequency of 12 kHz. The 25. Frequency modulation transmitters are more efficient components?
bandwidth by Carson’s rule is because their power is increased by what type of Ans: R1, R2
Ans: 48 kHz amplifier
Ans: class C 6. In Fig. 5-3, if the reverse bias on D 1 is reduced, the
Solution: resonant frequency of C1
BW = 2 (δmax + fmax) 26. Noise interferes mainly with modulating signals that Ans: decreases
BW = 2 (12 kHz + 12 kHz) = 48 kHz are
Ans: high frequencies 7. The frequency change of a crystal oscillator produced
18. The maximum allowed deviation of the FM sound by a varactor diode is
signal in TV is 25 kHz. If the actual deviation is 18 27. Pre-emphasis circuits boost what modulating Ans: small
kHz, the percent modulation is frequencies before modulation?
Ans: 72% Ans: high frequencies 8. A phase modulator varies the phase shift of the
Ans: carrier
Solution: 28. A pre-emphasis circuit is a
Ans: high pass filter 9. The widest phase variation is obtained with a(n)
Ans: LC resonant circuit
m  18 000  0.72
25000 29. Pre-emphasis is compensated for at the receiver by
Ans: low-pass filter 10. In Fig. 5-7, R4 is the
19. Which of the following is not a major benefit of FM Ans: deviation control
over AM? 30. The cut-off frequency of pre-emphasis and de-
Ans: Lower complexity and cost emphasis circuits is 11. The small frequency change produced by a phase
Ans: 2.122 kHz modulator can be increased by using a(n)
20. The primary disadvantage of FM is its Ans: frequency multiplier
Ans: Excessive use of spectrum space
Chapter 5: FM Circuits 12. A crystal oscillator whose frequency can be changed
21. Noise is primarily by an input voltage is called a(n)
Ans: High frequency spikes 1. Another name for a VVC is Ans: VXO
Ans: varactor diode
22. The receiver circuit that rids FM of noise is the 13. Which oscillators are preferred for carrier generators
Ans: Limiter 2. The depletion region in a junction diode forms what because of their good frequency stability?
part of a capacitor Ans: crystal
Ans: dielectric
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 5
14. Which of the following frequency demodulators 22. Which of the following is true about the NE566 IC? Ans: mixer
requires an input limiter? Ans: it is a VCO
Ans: Foster-Seeley discriminator 2. Class C amplifiers are not used in which type of
23. An FM demodulator that uses a differential amplifier transmitter?
15. Which discriminator averages pulses in a low-pass and tuned circuits to convert frequency variations into Ans: SSB
filter? voltage variations is the
Ans: Quadrature detector Ans: Differential peak detector 3. A circuit that isolates the carrier oscillator from load
changes is called a
16. Which frequency demodulator is considered the best 24. The output amplitude of the phase detector in a Ans: buffer amplifier
overall? quadrature detector is proportional to
Ans: PLL Ans: pulse width 4. A class B amplifier conducts for how many degrees of
an input sine wave?
17. In Fig. 5-8, the voltage at point A when the input 25. The input to a PLL is 2 MHz. In order for the PLL to be Ans: 180o
frequency is below the FM center frequency is locked, the VCO output must be
Ans: positive Ans: 2 MHz 5. Bias for a class C amplifier produced by an input RC
network is known as
18. In Fig. 5-8, R3 and C6 form which kind of circuit? 26. Decreasing the input frequency to a locked PLL will Ans: signal bias
Ans: De-emphasis cause the VCO output to
Ans: jump to the free-running frequency 6. An FM transmitter has a 9 MHz crystal carrier
19. In Fig. 5-10, the voltage across C6 is oscillator and frequency multipliers of 2, 3, 4. The
Ans: directly proportional to frequency deviation 27. The range of frequencies over which a PLL will track output frequency is
input signal variations is known as the Ans: 216 MHz
20. In a pulse averaging discriminator, the pulses are Ans: lock range
produced by a(n) Solution
Ans: zero crossing detector 28. The band of frequencies over which a PLL will acquire f = 9 MHz x 2 x 3 x 4 = 216 MHz
or recognize an input signal is called the
21. A reactance modulator looks like a capacitance of 35 Ans: capture range 7. The most efficient RF power amplifier is which class
pF in parallel with the oscillator-tuned circuit whose amplifier?
inductance is 50 μH and capacitance is 40 pF. What is 29. Over a narrow range of frequencies, the PLL acts like Ans: C
the center frequency of the oscillator prior to FM? a
Ans: 206 MHz Ans: Bandpass filter 8. Collector current in a class C amplifier is a
Ans: Pulse
Solution: 30. The output of a PLL frequency demodulator is taken
from 9. The maximum power of typical transistor RF power
Ans: low-pass filter amplifiers is in what range?
f 1
2 LC Ans: Hundreds of watts
CT = 35 pF + 40 pF =75 pF
Chapter 6: Radio Transmitters 10. Self-oscillation in a transistor amplifier is usually
1
f  2.6MHz caused by
2Π (50 H)(75pF) 1. Which of the following circuits is not typically part of Ans: internal capacitance
every radio transmitter?
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 6
11. Neutralization is the process of Ans: 48 1 1
Ans: cancelling the effect of internal device C   235.78pF
capacitance Solution: 2f XC 2 (27M)(25)
@ 100 %:
12. Maximum power transfer occurs when what P100 = VI = 60 W
relationship exists between the generator impedance @ 80 %: Chapter 7: Communications Receivers
ZI and the load impedance Zl? P80 = 0.8 P100
Ans: Zi = Zl P80 = 0.8 (60) = 48 W 1. The simplest receiver is a(n)
Ans: tuned circuit
13. Which of the following is not a benefit of a toroid RF 19. Which of the following is not a benefit of speech-
inductor? processing circuits? 2. The key conceptual circuit in a superhet receiver is the
Ans: Self-supporting Ans: improved frequency stability Ans: mixer

14. A toroid is a 20. In an AM transmitter, a clipper circuit eliminates 3. Most of the gain and selectivity in a superhet is
Ans: Magnetic core Ans: splatter obtained in the
Ans: IF amplifier
15. Which of the following is not commonly used for 21. In a speech-processing circuit, a low-pass filter
impedance matching in a transmitter? prevents 4. The sensitivity of a receiver depends upon the
Ans: Resistive attenuator Ans: excessive signal bandwidth receiver’s overall
Ans: Gain
16. To a match a 6 Ω amplifier impedance to a 72 Ω 22. The gain of a transistor amplifier is
antenna load, a transformer must have a turns ration Ans: directly proportional to collector current 5. The ability of a receiver to separate one signal from
NP/NS of others on closely adjacent frequencies is called the
Ans: 0.289 23. What values of L and C in an L network are required Ans: selectivity
to match a 10 Ω transistor amplifier impedance to a 50
Solution: Ω load at 27 MHz? 6. A mixer has a signal input of 50 MHz and an LO
Ans: L = 118 nH, C = 236 pF frequency of 59 MHz. The IF is
NP  ZP Ans: 9 MHz
Solution:
Ns ZS
Solution:
NP  6 XL  R1R2  R12 IF = fo – fs = 59 MHz – 50 MHz = 9 MHz
 0.289
Ns 72 XL= 2πfL
2 7. A signal 2 times the IF away from the desired signal
XL  (10)(50)  10  20Ω that causes interference is referred to as a(n)
17. Impedance matching in a broadband linear RF Ans: Image
amplifier is handled with a(n)
L XL  117.89nH  118nH
Ans: balun 2 (27M)
18. A class C amplifier has a supply voltage of 24 V and a R1R2  10(50)  25
collector current of 2.5 A. Its efficiency is 80 %. The XC  20
RF output power is XL
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 7
8. A receiver has a desired input signal of 18 MHz and 16. Noise at the input to a receiver can be as high as 27. Usually AGC voltage is derived by the
an LO frequency of 19.6 MHz. The image frequency is several Ans: demodulator
Ans: 21.2 MHz Ans: microvolts
28. An AFC circuit is used to correct for
Solution: 17. Which circuit contributes most to the noise in a Ans: frequency drift in the LO
IF = 19.6 MHz – 18 MHz = 1.6 MHz receiver?
fsi = fs + 2IF Ans: mixer 29. A circuit keeps the audio cut off until a signal is
fsi = 18 MHz + 2 (1.6 MHz) received is known as
fsi = 21.2 MHz 18. Which noise figure represents the lowest noise Ans: a squelch
Ans: 1.6 dB (smallest value)
9. The main cause of image interference is 30. A BFO is used in the demodulation of which types of
Ans: Poor front-end selectivity 19. Which filter shape factor represents the best skirt signals?
selectivity? Ans: SSB or CW
10. For best image rejection, the IF for a 30 MHz signal Ans: 1.6 (smallest value)
would be 31. Which of the following circuits are not typically shared
Ans: 55 MHz 20. Which input signal below represents the best receiver in an SSB transceiver?
sensitivity? Ans: mixers
11. A tuned circuit is resonant at 4 MHz. Its Q is 100. The Ans: 0.5 μV
bandwidth is 32. The basic frequency synthesizer circuit is a(n)
Ans: 40 kHz 21. Transistor with the lowest noise figure in the Ans: PLL
microwave region is a(n)
Solution: Ans: MESFET 33. The output frequency increment of a frequency
BW = fr / Q = 4 MHz / 100 = 40 kHz synthesizer is determined by the
22. The AGC circuits usually control the gain of the Ans: reference input to the phase detector
12. A crystal filter has a 6 dB bandwidth of 2.6 kHz and a Ans: IF amplifier
60 dB bandwidth of 14 kHz. The shape factor is 34. The output of the frequency synthesizer is changed by
Ans: 5.38 23. Selectivity is obtained in most receivers from varying the
Ans: double-tuned circuits Ans: frequency division ratio
Solution:
Shape factor = 60 dB BW / 6 dB BW 24. Widest bandwidth in a double-tuned circuit is obtained 35. In Fig 7-28, if the input reference is 25 kHz and the
Shape factor = 14 kHz / 2.6 kHz = 5.38 with divide ratio is 144, the VCO output frequency
Ans: overcoupling Ans: 3.6 MHz
13. Most internal noise comes from
Ans: thermal agitation 25. Automatic gain control permits a wide range of signal 36. The bandwidth of a parallel LC circuit can be
amplitudes to be accommodated by controlling the increased by
14. Which of the following is not a source of external noise gain of the Ans: decreasing XL
Ans: thermal agitation Ans: IF amplifier

15. Noise can be reduced by 26. In an IF amplifier with reverse AGC, a strong signal
Ans: narrowing the BW will cause the collector current to
Ans: decrease
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 8
37. The upper and lower cutoff frequencies of a tuned 41. In a receiver with noise-derived squelch, the presence 11. In FM stereo broadcasting, the L + R signal
circuit are 1.7 and 1.5 MHz respectively. The circuit Q of an audio signal causes the audio amplifier to be Ans: modulates the FM carrier
is Ans: enabled
Ans: 8 12. In FM stereo broadcasting, the L – R signal
Ans: DSB modulates a subcarrier
Solution: Chapter 8: Multiplexing
BW = 1.7 MHz – 1.5 MHz = 200 kHz 13. The SCA signal if used in FM broadcasting is
fr = 1.5 MHz + (200 kHz / 2) = 100 kHz 1. Multiplexing is the process of transmitted via
Q = fr / BW = 8 Ans: sending multiple signals simultaneously over a Ans: A 67 kHz subcarrier
single channel
38. The noise voltage across a 300 Ω input resistance to 14. In TDM, multiple signals
a TV set with a 6 MHz bandwidth and a temperature 2. In FDM, multiple signals Ans: take turns transmitting
of 30oC is Ans: share a common bandwidth
Ans: 5.5 μV 15. In TDM, each signal may use he full bandwidth of the
3. Each signal in a an FDM system channel
Solution: Ans: modulates a subcarrier Ans: True
V  4kTBWR
4. Frequency modulation in FDM systems is usually 16. Sampling an analog signal produces
V  4k(273  30)(6 MHz)(300) accomplished with a Ans: PAM
Where k = 1.3806503 x 10-23- Ans: VCO
V = 5.5 μV 17. The maximum bandwidth that an analog signal use
5. Which of the following is not a typical FDM application with a sampling frequency of 108 kHz is
39. The stage gains in a superheterodyne are follows RF Ans: secure communications Ans: 54 kHz
amplifier, 10dB; mixer, 6dB; two IF amplifiers, each 33
dB; detector, -4 dB; AF amplifier, 28 dB. The total gain 6. The circuit the performs demultiplexing in an FDM Solution:
is system is a(n) fn = fb / 2 = 108 kHz / 2 = 54 kHz
Ans: 106 Ans: Bandpass filter
18. Pulse-amplitude modulation signals are multiplexed by
Solution: 7. Most FDM telemetry systems use using
GT = G1 + G2 + .. + Gn Ans: FM Ans: FET switches
GT = 10 + 6 + 33 + 33 + -4 + 28 = 106 dB
8. The best frequency demodulator is the 19. In PAM demultiplexing, the receiver clock is derived
40. A tuned circuit resonates at 12 MHz with an Ans: PLL discriminator from
inductance of 5 μH whose resistance is 6 Ω. The Ans: The PAM signal itself
circuit bandwidth is 9. The modulation used in FDM telephone systems is
Ans: 191 kHz Ans: SSB 20. In PAM/TDM system, keeping the multiplexer and
DEMUX channels step with one another is done by a
Solution: 10. The FDM telephone systems accommodate many Ans: Sync pulse
XL = 2πfL = 2π(12 MHz)( 5 μH) = 376.99 channels by
Q = XL / R = 376.99 / 6 = 62.83 Ans: using multiple levels of multiplexing 21. Transmitting data as serial binary words is called
BW = fr / Q = 12 MHz / 62.83 = 190.99 kHz Ans: PCM
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 9
22. Converting analog signals to digital is done by Ans: 120 Ω Vmax - Vmin 390 - 260
sampling and | Γ |   0.2
Ans: Quantizing 4. For maximum absorption of power at the antenna, the Vmax  Vmin 390  260
relationship between the characteristic impedance of
23. A quantizer is a(n) the line ZO and the load impedance Zl should be 1  | Γ | 1  0.2
Ans: A/D converter Ans: ZO = Zl
SWR    1.5
1  | Γ | 1  0.2
24. Emphasizing low-level signals and compressing 5. The mismatch between antenna and transmission line
higher-level signals is called impedances cannot be corrected for by 12. Three feet is one wavelength at a frequency of
Ans: Companding Ans: Adjusting the length of transmission line Ans: 328 MHz

25. Which of the following is not a benefit of companding? 6. A pattern of voltage and current variations along a 13. At very high frequencies, transmission lines are used
Ans: Minimizes signal bandwidth transmission line not terminated in its characteristic as
impedance is called Ans: Tuned Circuits
26. A telephone system using TDM and PCM is called Ans: Standing waves
Ans: T-1 14. A shorted quarter-wave line at the operating frequency
7. The desirable SWR on a transmission line is acts like a(n)
27. An IC that contains A/D and D/A converters, Ans: 1 Ans: Parallel Resonant
companders and parallel-to-serial converters is called
Ans: Codec 8. A 50 Ω coax is connected to a 73 Ω antenna. The 15. A shorted half-wave line at the operating frequency
SWR is acts like a(n)
28. Pulse-code modulation is preferred to PAM because Ans: 1.46 Ans: Series Resonant Circuit
of its
Ans: Superior noise immunity Solution: 16. A popular half-wavelength antenna is the
If RL > ZO : Ans: Dipole
SWR = RL / ZO = 73 / 50 = 1.46
17. The length of a doublet at 27 MHz is
Chapter 9: Antennas and Transmission lines
9. The most desirable reflection coefficient is Ans: 17.33 ft
1. The most commonly used transmission line is a Ans: 0
Solution:
Ans: Coax
10. A ratio expressing the percentage of incident voltage 468 468
L   17.33ft.
2. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line reflected on a transmission line is know as the 27
does not depend upon its Ans: Reflection coefficient f MHz
Ans: none of the above
11. The minimum voltage along a transmission line is 260 18. A popular vertical antenna is the
V, while the maximum voltage is 390 V. The SWR is Ans: Ground plane
Choices were:
Ans: 1.5
19. The magnetic field of an antenna is perpendicular to
Length, Conductor Diameter and Conductor spacing
Solution: the earth. The antenna’s polarization
Ans: is horizontal
3. Which of the following is not a common transmission
line impedance?
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 10
20. An antenna that transmits or receives equally well in 2.4db 38. Microwave signals propagate by way of the
all directions is said to be A dB  100 ft  275  6.6dB Ans: Direct wave
Ans: Omnidirectional
39. The line-of-sight communications is not a factor in
21. The horizontal radiation pattern of a dipole is a 29. An antenna has a power gain of 15. The power which frequency range?
Ans: figure of 8 applied to the antenna is 32 W. The effective radiated Ans: HF
power is
22. the length of a ground plane vertical at 146 MHz is Ans: 480 W 40. A microwave-transmitting antenna is 550 ft high. The
Ans: 1.6 ft receiving antenna is 200 ft high. The maximum
Solution: transmission distance is
Solution: P = GTPT = (15)(32) = 480 W Ans: 53.2 mi.
L 468 468
   1.6ft. 30. Which beamwidth represents the best antenna Solution:
2 2 f MHz 2(146) directivity
Ans: 7O d  2 ht  2 hr
23. The impedance of a dipole is about d  2(550 )  2(400)  53.16mi
Ans: 73 Ω 31. The radiation pattern of collinear and broadside
antennas
24. A direction antenna with two or more elements is Ans: Bidirectional 41. To increase the transmission distance of a UHF signal,
known as a(n) which of the following should be done?
Ans: Array 32. Which antenna has a unidirectional radiation pattern Ans: Increase antenna height
and gain
25. The horizontal radiation pattern o a vertical dipole is Ans: Yagi 42. A coax has a velocity factor of 0.68. What is the length
Ans: circle of a half wave at 30 MHz?
33. A wide-bandwidth multielement driven array is the Ans: 11.2 ft
26. In a Yagi antenna, maximum direction of radiation is Ans: Log-periodic
toward the Solution:
Ans: Director 34. Ground-wave communications is most effective in
what frequency range? Vp
λ c Vf (300)(0.68 )f
27. Conductors in multielement antennas that do not Ans: 300 kHz to 3 MHz     3.4m
receive energy directly from the transmission line are 2 2fMHz 2fMHz 2(30)
known as 35. The ionosphere causes radio signals to be λ 3.28ft
Ans: Parasitic elements Ans: refracted  3.4m   11.152ft
2 1m
28. A coax has an attenuation of 2.4 db per 100 ft. The 36. The ionosphere has its greatest effect on signals in
attenuation for 275 ft is what frequency range? 43. Which transmission line has the lowest attenuation?
Ans: 6.6 db Ans: 3 to 30 MHz Ans: Twin lead

Solution: 37. The type of radio wave responsible for long-distance 44. Refer to Fig. 9-39. The beam width of this antenna
communications by multiple skips is the patter is approximately
Ans: Skywave Ans: 60o

©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 11

45. A receiver-transmitter station used to increase the Solution: 20. Which type of diode does not ordinarily operate with
communications range of VHF, UHF, and microwave 1 in = 0.0254 m reverse bias
signals is called a(n) c 3  108 m/s Ans: Tunnel
Ans: Repeater f   5.9GH z
2Width 2(0.0254) 21. Low-power Gunn diodes are replacing
Ans: Reflex klystrons
Chapter 10: Microwave Techniques 10. A waveguide has a cutoff frequency of 17 GHz. Which
of the signals will not be passed by the waveguide? 22. Which of the following is not a microwave tube?
1. The main benefit of using microwaves is Ans: 15 GHz Ans: Cathode-ray tube
Ans: More spectrum space
11. Signal propagation in a waveguide is by 23. In a klystron amplifier, velocity modulation of the
2. Radio communications are regulated in the United Ans: Electric and magnetic fields electron beam is produced by the
States by the Ans: Buncher cavity
Ans: Federal Communications Commission 12. When the electric field in a waveguide is perpendicular
to the direction of wave propagation, the mode is said 24. A reflex klystron is used as a(n)
3. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of to be Ans: Oscillator
microwaves? Ans: Transverse electric
Ans: higher-cost equipment 25. For proper operation, a magnetron must be
13. The dominant mode in most waveguides is accompanied by a
4. Which of the following is a microwave frequency Ans: TE0,1 Ans: Permanent magnet
Ans: 22 GHz
14. A magnetic field is introduced into a waveguide by a 26. The operating frequency of klystrons and magnetrons
5. Which of the following is not a common microwave Ans: Probe is set by the
application? Ans: Cavity resonator
Ans: mobile radio 15. A half-wavelength, closed section of a waveguide that
acts as a parallel resonant circuit is known as a(n) 27. A magnetron is used only as a(n)
6. Coaxial cable is not widely used for long microwave Ans: Cavity resonator Ans: oscillator
transmission lines because of its
Ans: high loss 16. Decreasing the volume of a cavity causes its resonant 28. A common application for magnetrons is in
frequency to Ans: Radar
7. Stripline and microstrip transmission lines are usually Ans: Increase
made with 29. In a TWT, the electron beam is density-modulated by
Ans: PCBs 17. A popular microwave mixer diode is the a
Ans: Gunn Ans: Helix
8. The most common cross section of a wave guide is a
Ans: rectangular 18. Varactor and step-recovery diodes are widely used in 30. The main advantage of a TWT over a klystron for
what type of circuit microwave amplification is
9. A rectangular waveguide has a width of 1 in. and a Ans: Frequency multiplier Ans: Wider bandwidth
height of 0.6 in. Its cutoff frequency is
Ans: 5.9 GHz 19. Which diode is a popular microwave oscillator
Ans: Gunn
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 12
31. High-power TWTs are replacing what in microwave 37. The point where the antenna is mounted with respect 5. A satellite stays in orbit because the following 2 factor
amplifiers? to the parabolic reflector is called are balanced
Ans: klystrons Ans: Focal point Ans: Gravitational pull and inertia

32. The most widely used microwave antenna is a 38. Using a small reflector to beam waves to the larger 6. The height of a satellite in a synchronous equatorial
Ans: horn antenna parabolic reflector is known as orbit is
Ans: Cassegrain feed Ans: 22300 mi
33. What happens when a horn antenna is made longer?
Ans: Gain increases 39. Increasing the diameter of a parabolic reflector causes 7. Most satellites operate in which frequency band?
which of the following Ans: 3 GHz to 30 GHz
34. A pyramidal horn used at 5 GHz has an aperture that Ans: Decreasing beamwidth and increasing gain
is 7 by 9 cm. The gain is about 8. The main power sources for a satellite are
Ans: 10.5 db 40. A helical antenna is made up of a coil and a Ans: Solar cells
Ans: Reflector
Solution: 9. The maximum height of an elliptical orbit is called
 (7)(9)  41. The output of a helical antenna is Ans: Apogee
4 (0.5 )  Ans: Circularly polarized
4A  10000  10. Batteries are used to power all satellite subsystems
G 2   10.9956
λ 2 42. A common omnidirectional microwave antenna is the Ans: During eclipse periods
 3  10 8 
 9 
 Ans: Bicone
 5  10  11. The satellite subsystem that monitors and controls the
GdB = 10 log 10.9956 = 10.41 dB satellite is the
Chapter 11: Introduction to Sat-Com Ans: Telemetry, tracking and command subsystem
35. Given the frequency and dimensions in Question 34
above the beamwidth is about 1. As the height of a satellite orbit gets lower, the speed 12. The basic technique used to stabilize a satellite is
Ans: 53o of the satellite Ans: Spin
Ans: Increases
Solution: 13. The jet thrusters are usually fired to
2. The main functions of a communications satellite is a Ans: Maintain altitude
80 80
G   53.33 o a(a)
w/λ w Ans: Repeater 14. Most commercial satellite activity occurs in which
bands?
 3  10 8  Ans: C and Ku
  3. The key electronic component in a communications
 5  10
9
 satellite is the
Ans: Transponder 15. How can multiple earth stations share a satellite on
the same frequency
36. The diameter of a parabolic reflector should be at
4. A circular orbit around the equator with a 24 h period Ans: Frequency reuse
least how many wavelengths at the operating
frequency? is called a(n)
Ans: Geostationary orbit 16. The typical bandwidth of a satellite band is
Ans: 10
Ans: 500 MHz

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17. Which of the following is not usually a part of a Ans: Voice, Video, and Computer data Ans: both analog signals to digital and digital signals
transponder to analog signals
Ans: Modulator 2. Data communications uses
Ans: Digital methods 14. Slow-speed modems use
18. The satellite communications channels in a Ans: FSK
transponder are defined by the 3. Which of the following is not primarily a type of data
Ans: Bandpass filter communications 15. A carrier recovery circuit is not needed with
Ans: Teletype Ans: DPSK
19. The HPAs in most satellites are
Ans: Klystrons 4. The main reason that serial transmission is preferred 16. The basic modulator and demodulator circuits in PSK
to parallel transmission is that are
20. The physical location of a satellite is determined by its Ans: Serial requires multiple channels Ans: Balanced modulators
Ans: Latitude and longtitude
5. Mark and space refer respectively to 17. The carrier used with a BPSK demodulator is
21. The receive GCE system in an earth station performs Ans: Binary 1 and binary 0 Ans: The BPSK signal itself
what function(s)
Ans: Demodulation and demultiplexing 6. The number of amplitude, frequency, or phase 18. A 9600 baud rate signal can pass over the voice-
changes that take place per second is known ad the grade telephone line if which kind of modulation is
22. Which of the following types of HPA is not used in Ans: Baud rate used?
earth stations Ans: QAM
Ans: Magnetron 7. Data transmission of one character at a time with start
and stop bits is known as what type of transmission? 19. Quadrature amplitude modulation is
23. A common up-converter and down-converter IF is Ans: Asynchronous Ans: AM plus QPSK
Ans: 70 MHz
8. The most widely used data communications code is 20. A QAM modulator does not use a(n)
24. The type of modulation used on voice and video Ans: ASCII Ans: XNOR
signals is
Ans: FM 9. The ASCII code has 21. A rule or procedure that defines how data is to be
Ans: 7 bits transmitted is called a(n)
25. The modulation normally used with digital data is Ans: Protocol
Ans: QPSK 10. Digital signals may be transmitted over the telephone
network if 22. A popular PC protocol is
26. Which of the following is not a typical output from a Ans: they are converted to analog first. Ans: Xmodem
GPS receiver?
Ans: Speed 11. Start and stop bits, respectively, are 23. A synchronous transmission usually begins with which
Ans: Space and mark character?
Ans: SYN
----------------------------------------------------------Chapter 12: 12. Which of the following is correct?
Data Communications Ans: The bit rate may be greater than the baud rate

1. Data communications refer to the transmission of 13. A modem converts

©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 14
24. The characters making up the message in a 34. Which of the following is not a LAN? 44. Sixteen different levels (symbols) are used to encode
synchronous transmission are collectively referred to Ans: Cable TV system binary data. The channel bandwidth is 36 MHz. The
as a data maximum channel capacity is
Ans: Block 35. The fastest LAN topology is the Ans: 288 Mbits/s
Ans: Bus
25. Bit errors in data transmission are usually cause by Solution
Ans: Noise 36. Which is not a common LAN medium? C  2BWlog 2M
Ans: Twin Lead
26. Which of the following is not a commonly used method C  2(36MHz) (log 2 (16))  288 Mbits/s
of error detection? 37. A mainframe computer connected to multiple terminals
Ans: Redundancy and PCs usually uses which configuration? 45. What is the bandwidth required to transmit at a rate of
Ans: Star 10Mbits/s in the presence of a 28-db S/N ratio?
27. Which of the following words has the correct parity Ans: 1.075 MHz
bit? Assume odd parity. The last bit is the parity bit 38. A small telephone switching system that can be used
Ans: 1100110 1 as a LAN is called a Solution:
Ans: PBX C = BW log2(1+S/N)
28. Another name for parity is S/NdB = 10 log (S/N)
Ans: Vertical redundancy check 39. Which medium is the least susceptible to noise?  S



Ans: Fiber-optic cable  N dB 
 10 
29. Ten bit errors occur in two million transmitted. The bit S  
error rate is 40. Which medium is the most widely used in LANs?  10  
 630.96
Ans: 5 x 10-6 Ans: Twisted pair N
10Mbits/s
BW   1.075MHz
Solution: 41. Transmitting the data signal directly over the medium log 2 1  630.96 
10 is referred to as
e  5  10 6 Ans: Baseband
2  10 6
46. Which circuit is common to bot frequency-hopping and
42. The techniques of using modulation and FDM to direct-sequence SS transmitters?
30. The building block of a parity or BCC generator is a(n) transmit multiple data channels of a common medium Ans: Frequency of operation
Ans: XOR is known as
Ans: Broadband 47. Spread spectrum stations sharing a band are
31. A longitudinal redundancy check produces a(n) identified by and distinguished from one another by
Ans: Block check character 43. What is the minimum bandwidth required to transmit a Ans: PSN code
56 kbits/s binary signal with no noise?
32. Dividing the data block by a constant produces a Ans: 28 kHz 48. The type of modulation most often used with direct-
remainder that is used for error detection. It is called sequence SS is
the Solution: Ans: PSK
Ans: CRC BW = fb/2 = 56 kbits/2 = 28 kHz
49. The main circuit in a PSN generator is a(n)
33. A CRC generator uses which components? Ans: XOR
Ans: Shift register

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50. To a conventional narrowband receiver, an SS signal 7. The upper pulse rate and information-carrying 19. Which type of fiber-optic cable is the most widely
appears to be like capacity of a cable is limited by used?
Ans: Noise Ans: Attenuation Ans: Multimode step-index

51. Which of the following is not a benefit of SS? 8. The core of a fiber-optic cable is made of 20. Which type of fiber-optic cable is best for very high
Ans: Noise proof Ans: Glass speed data?
Ans: Single mode step-index
52. Spread spectrum is a form of multiplexing 9. The core of a fiber-optic cable is surrounded by
Ans: true Ans: Cladding 21. Which type of fiber-optic cable has the least modal
dispersion?
53. The most critical and difficult part of receiving a direct- 10. The speed of light in plastic compared to the speed of Ans: Single mode step-index
sequence SS signal is light in air is
Ans: Synchronism Ans: Less 22. Which of the following is not a factor in cable light
loss?
11. Which of the following is not a major benefit of fiber- Ans: Reflection
Chapter 13: Fiber Optic Communications optic cable?
Ans: Lower cost 23. A distance of 8 km is the same as
1. Which of the following is not a common application of Ans: 5 mi
fiber-optic cable? 12. The main benefit of light-wave communications over
Ans: Consumer TV microwaves or any other communications media are 24. A fiber-optic cable has a loss of 15 db/km. The
Ans: Wider bandwidth attenuation in a cable 1000ft long is
2. Total internal reflection takes place if the light ray Ans: 4.57 dB
strikes the interface at an angle with what relationship 13. Which of the following is not part of the optical
to the critical angle? spectrum Solution:
Ans: greater than Ans: X-rays 1000ft = 0.3048 km
σ  15  0.3048  4.57dB
3. The operation of a fiber-optic cable is based on the 14. The wavelength of visible light extends from
principle of Ans: 400 to 750 nm 25. Fiber-optic with attenuations of 1.8, 3.4, 5.9 and 18 dB
Ans: Reflection are linked together. The total loss is
15. The speed of light is Ans: 29.1 dB
4. Which of the following is not a common type of fiber- Ans: 300,000,000 m/s
optic cable? Solution:
Ans: Single-mode grade-index 16. Refraction is the LossT = 1.8 + 3.4 + 5.9 + 18 = 29.1 dB
Ans: Bending of light waves
5. Cable attenuation is usually expressed in terms of 26. Which light emitter is preferred for high-speed data in
Ans: dB/km 17. The ratio of the speed of light in air to the speed of a fiber-optic system?
light in another substance is called the Ans: Laser
6. Which cable length has the highest attenuation? Ans: Index of refraction
Ans: 2 km 27. Most fiber-optic light sources emit light in which
18. A popular light wavelength in fiber-optic cable is spectrum?
Ans: 1.3 μm Ans: Visible
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 16
28. Both LEDs and ILDs operate correctly with Ans: Charge coupled device 15. Cellular telephones use which type of operation?
Ans: Forward bias Ans: Full-duplex
3. In FM fax, the frequencies for black and white are
29. Single-frequency light is called Ans: 1500 and 2300 Hz 16. The maximum frequency deviation of an FM cellular
Ans: Monochromatic transmitter is
4. Which resolution produces the best quality fax? Ans: 12 kHz
30. Laser light is very bright because it is Ans: 400 lines per inch
Ans: Coherent 17. The maximum output power of a cellular transmitter is
5. Group 2 fax uses which modulation? Ans: 3 W
31. Which of the following is not a common detector? Ans: Vestigial sideband AM
Ans: Photovoltaic diode 18. Receive channel 22 is 870.66 MHz. Receive channel
6. The most widely used fax standard is 23 is
32. Which of the following is the fastest light sensor? Ans: Group 3 Ans: 870.69 MHz
Ans: Avalanche photodiode
7. Group 3 fax uses which modulation? Solution:
33. Photodiodes operate properly with Ans: QAM fCH 23 = fCH 22 + 30 kHz*
Ans: Reverse bias fCH 23 = 870.66 MHz + 30 kHz
8. Most fax printers are of which type? fCH 23 = 870.69 MHz
34. The product of the bit rate and distance of a fiber-optic Ans: Thermal *in cellular radio systems, receive channels are spaced
system is 2Gbits-km/s. What is the maximum rate at 5 30 kHz apart
km? 9. Facsimile standards are set by the
Ans: 400 Mbits/s Ans: CCITT 19. A transmit channel has a frequency of 837.6 MHz. The
receive channel frequency is
Solution: 10. What type of graphics is commonly transmitted by Ans: 882.6 MHz
20 Gbits - km/s radio fax?
 400bits/s Ans: Satellite weather photos Solution:
Ratemax = 5 km freceive = ftransmit + 45 MHz*
11. The transmission speed of group 4 fax is freceive = 837.6 MHz + 45 MHz
35. Which fiber-optic system is better? Ans: 56 kbits/s freceive = 882.6 MHz
Ans: 3 repeaters *in cellular radio systems, the transmit and receive
12. The master control center for a cellular telephone frequencies are spaced 30 kHz apart
system is the
Chapter 14: Modern Comm Apps Ans: Mobile telephone switching office 20. A receive channel frequency is 872.4 MHz. To develop
an 82.2 MHz IF, the frequency synthesizer must
1. Printed documents to be transmitted by fax are 13. Each cell site contains a supply an LO signal of
converted into a baseband electrical signal by the Ans: Repeater Ans: 954.6 MHz
process of
Ans: Scanning 14. Multiple cells within an area may use the same Solution:
channel frequencies fLO = fr + IF
2. The most commonly used light sensor in a modern fax Ans: True fLO = 872.4 MHz + 82.2 MHz
machine is a fLO = 954.6 MHz
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 17
21. The output power of a cellular radio is controlled by 27. The Doppler effect is used to produce modulation of Ans: 10 GHz
the which type of radar signal?
Ans: MTSO Ans: CW (Continuous-wave) 38. The TV signal uses which types of modulation for
picture and sound respectively?
22. When the signal from a mobile cellular unit drops 28. The Doppler Effect allows which characteristics of a Ans: AM, FM
below a certain level, what action occurs? target to be measured?
Ans: The unit is “handed off” to a closer cell Ans: Speed 39. If a TV sound transmitter has a carrier frequency of
197.75 MHz, the picture carrier is
23. In a cellular radio, the duplexer is a 29. The Doppler Effect is a change in what signal Ans: 193.25 MHz
Ans: Pair of sharp bandpass filter characteristic produced by relative motion between
the radar set and a target? Solution:
24. The time from the transmission of a radar pulse to its Ans: Frequency SCARRIER = PCARRIER + 4.5 MHz
reception is 0.12 ms. The distance to the target is how PCARRIER = SCARRIER - 4.5 MHz
many nautical miles? 30. The most widely used radar transmitter component is PCARRIER = 197.75 MHz - 4.5 MHz
Ans: 9.7 nmi a PCARRIER = 193.25 MHz
Ans: Magnetron
Solution: 40. The total bandwidth of an NTSC TV signal is
T 120μ2 31. Low-power radar transmitters and receiver LOs use Ans: 6 MHz
  9.7nmi which component?
D = 12.36 12.36 Ans: Gunn diode 41. What is the total number of interlaced scan lines in
one complete frame of a NTSC U.S. TV signal?
25. The ability of a radar to determine the bearing to a 32. What component in a duplexer protects the receiver Ans: 525
target depends upon the from the high-power transmitter output?
Ans: Antenna directivity Ans: Spark gap 42. What keeps the scanning process at the receiver in
step with the scanning in the picture tube at receiver?
26. The pulse duration of a radar signal is 600 ns. The 33. Most radar antennas usa a Ans: Sync pulses
PRF is 185 pulses per second. The duty cycle is Ans: Horn and parabolic reflector
Ans: 1.1 % 43. What is the black-and-white or monochrome
34. The most common radar display is the brightness signal in TV called
Solution: Ans: Plan position indicator Ans: Luminance Y
1 1
  5.405ms 35. A radar antenna using multiple dipoles or slot 44. What is the name of the solid-state imaging device
PRT = PRF 185 antennas in a matrix with variable phase shifters is used int TV cameras that converts the light in a scene
PWT called a(n) into an electrical signal?
Ans: Phased array Ans: CCD
Duty Cycle = PRT
36. Police radars use which technique? 45. The I and Q composite color signals are multiplexed
600ns Ans: CW (Continuous-wave) onto the picture carrier by modulating a 3.58 MHz
 100  0.0111 subcarrier using
Duty Cycle = 5.405ms
37. Which of the following is a typical radar operating Ans: DSB AM
frequency?
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 18
46. The assembly around the neck of a picture tube that
produces the magnetic fields that deflect and scan the 51. What ensures proper color synchronization at the
electron beams is called the receiver?
Ans: Yoke Ans: 3.58 MHz color burst

47. The picture and sound carrier frequencies in a TV 52. Which of the following is not a benefit of cable TV?
receiver IF are respectively Ans: Lower-cost reception
Ans: 45.75 and 41.25 MHz
53. What technique is used to permit hundreds of TV
48. The sound IF in a TV receiver is signals to share a common cable?
Ans: 41.25 MHz Ans: FDM

49. What type of circuit is used to modulate and

demodulate the color signals?
Ans: Balanced demodulator

50. What circuit in the TV receiver is used to develop the

high voltage needed to operate the picture tube?
Ans: horizontal output

©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND EDITION - FRENZEL 19