6/10/22, 12:31 PM Zero Speed Switch Working Principle - Inst Tools

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Zero Speed Switch Working Principle

by Editorial Staff

Monitoring Speed is essential in any automation process. Speed of any equipment driven by an electric
motor can very due to variety of reasons e.g. overload, underload, breakage of transmission parts etc. In
case of open loop control, a speed monitoring device is useful to either give an alram or to switch ‘off’
the motor. In case of a closed loop control, e.g. D.C. drive or V/F drive, a feedback is required (4-20 mA or
0-10 V) to take corrective action.

Zero speed switches (ZSS) also known as Speed Actuating Sensing Switches  are used to detect the
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stoppage or unacceptably slow movement of a rotating shaft. Generally its applications are in various
machines, conveyors, power plants, and industries involving the production of cement, sugar, textiles,
paper, etc.

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Overview of Proximity Differential Pressure
Switches Switch Principle

Principle of Operation:

The speed /motion of rotating / moving object is sensed by a non-contact Inductive type sensor. The
sensor probe is installed with it’s sensing face in close vicinity of rotating object. The metallic pieces
(flags) with specified dimensions are to be mounted on the rotating object. When these flags pass across
the face of the probe, the frontally radiated electromagnetic field of the probe is damped which is
converted to a corresponding output pulse.

These pulses are digital in nature and the circuit is designed to work in electrically noisy area. However,
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the interconnecting cable should be of minimum 0.5sq. mm. Size. ALED provided on rear side of the
probe gives visual indication for sensing of the flag. In case of sensors other than Inductive type the
pulses generated are to be connected as specified for the individual sensor.

Initial by-pass time delay

For monitoring under speed conditions it is essential to have a by pass arrangement during starting of
machine. The output relay of speed monitor is ‘OFF’ during starting / under speed condition and is ‘ON’
(energized) during healthy running speed. Hence it is essential to bypass(override) the relay contacts
during starting. This can be achieved by using either a external timer unit, by programming thru PLC or
by using a built in by-pass time delay (ITD).

with the built in ITD feature the output relay switches ‘ON’with ‘supply ON’ condition and remains ON till
the set time delay. If the equipment speed reaches its normal healthy speed during this time then the
relay continues to remain ON. The relay drops out if the speed has not reached the set value or when the
speed drops below set value during running.
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Overview of Proximity Differential Pressure
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Nuisance Tripping Time Delay

During running, equipment may lose its speed momentarily due to various reasons. To avoid tripping due
to this a built in time delay is provided. The output relay will drop out after the preset time delay after the
speed has dropped below set value. If the equipment speed recovers during this then the relay continues
to remain ON.

Speed sensors and zero speed switches are used to protect equipment, processes, and people. When the
speed sensor or speed switch detects a change in speed, a signal is sent to a control panel or an alarm to
alert the operator of a malfunction. When the alarm is triggered, steps can be taken to correct the
problem before a catastrophic breakdown happens. This will greatly reduce your downtime, maintenance
costs, and lower material waste cost. Operational life is also maximized without the risk of unexpected
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failures.

Application

Electronic Speed Monitor is used to monitor speed of conveyors, crushers, rolling mills, agitators, mixers,
stirrers, screw conveyors, and other industrial machinery. This device actuates relay contacts at preset
speed. Using these contacts desired control action such as zero speed protection/ under speed
protection/ over speed protection can be achieved.

Advantages

It Senses speed by non-contact way. Hence no moving parts.

No wear and tears of rollers or misalignment of couplings.
Easy speed setting.
Built in initial by-pass time delay arrangement.
Speed setting possible from 1 RPM to 5000 RPM in optional ranges.
Totally enclosed sensor, works in presence of dust, dirt water, oil & chemicals.
Direction sensing and speed monitoring of various locations from single point is possible.

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Intrinsically
Overview Safe Sensors and speed switches with Flameproof
of Proximity are available for use in x
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Differential
Switches area.
Hazardous Switch Principle

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6 thoughts on “Zero Speed Switch Working Principle”

Muhammad Mujahid
June 28, 2016 at 4:50 am

We are using proxies pnp and npn type in glass industry and our ambient temperature is 70ć plus
and operation cycle is 35/min. Plz suggest me accurate proxy for this working atmosphere

Reply

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rakesh bawankar
Switches Switch Principle
November 1, 2016 at 10:40 am

why range of zero speed sensor is multiple of 10

Reply

Sanjeev
July 4, 2018 at 10:00 pm

Can output from single electronic zero speed switch be connected to two loads such one
indicating lamp & one contactor or some electronic card. if connected will zss work properly or
not,what will happen?

Reply

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Ajit Kumar Tripathy
July 11, 2019 at 3:13 pm

How to set the zss

Reply

Kiranmay bhajan
January 22, 2021 at 6:48 pm

आठ या दस घंटे में zss अपने आप बंद हो जाता है। क्या कारण हो सकता है?

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Reply

Jebis mejo
December 11, 2021 at 7:14 am

While conveyor running time I insert a metal piece inside sensor means what will happen? How?

Reply

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