Science 8 Quarter3 Module 4
Science 8 Quarter3 Module 4
MELC: Use the periodic table to predict the chemical behavior of an element.
Objectives:
Let’s Try
Multiple Choices. Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which law or basis did Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner used in his arrangement of Periodic Table?
A. Triads
B. Periodic Law
C. Law of Octaves
2. According to periodic law the properties of element vary periodically with what number?
A. Atomic number
B. Number of nuclei
C. Number of neutrons
A. Ba B. Mg C. Na D. Sr
A. Alkali metals
C. Halogens
D. Noble gases
1
5. Which of the following elements is NOT included in the actinide series?
A. Am B. Cm C. Er D. Np
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
A. Es B. Eu C. Pu D. Pr
A. Al B. Ga C. Ge D. Si
A. At B. Bi C. Po D. Sb
A. Br B. Co C. Cu D. Zn
2
Let’s Explore and Discover
Elements are essential on our daily survival. We use some of them as food, medicine,
hygiene and many more. Some are naturally found in our environment and some are synthetically
made from the laboratory. But, all of them are found and presented in the periodic table of
elements.
This periodic table was developed as a result of years of painstaking work by different
scientists. Its present form was a result of meticulous and thorough study by scientists. The
information and data of every element was arranged and organized in ways that will make it more
understandable, meaningful, and useful.
The development of the Periodic table could be traced back in 1817 to the work of Johann
Dobereiner, a German chemist who formed the triads of elements with similar properties like the
triad of calcium, barium and strontium. In 1863, John Newlands, an English chemist proposed
the Law of Octaves. He based his classification of elements on the fact that similar properties could
be noted for every eight elements when they are arranged in order of increasing atomic masses.
Around 1869 two scientists determined a way to put the elements in order. Lothar Meyer and
Dmitri Mendeleev both came up with periodic tables that showed how elements should be grouped.
It is interesting to note that these two scientists did not personally know each other, yet they came
up with the same conclusions. Both scientists were teachers living and working in different places.
Meyer lived and worked in Germany while Mendeleev in Russia. Both arranged the elements in
order of increasing atomic mass while putting in groups those with similar properties. Both of
them also left blank spaces in their tables, believing that these spaces would be filled later with
elements yet to be discovered.
Later, in 1914, Henry Moseley, an English physicist observed that the order of the X-ray
frequencies emitted by elements follows the ordering of the elements by atomic number. This
observation led to the development of the modern periodic law which “states that the properties of
elements vary periodically with atomic number”.
3
✓ Group 18 as the noble gases.
✓ Groups 13 to 16 are named based on the first element found in their families.
• The horizontal rows are called periods are numbered from the top to bottom. There are 7
horizontal rows or periods in the periodic table.
• Group 3 to Group 12 constitutes one block wherein elements in this block are referred as the
transition elements.
• The lanthanides and actinides are special series of elements but are also part of the
transition block; they are also called the inner transition elements.
• Elements from the taller columns (groups 1, 2, and 13, through 18) are called the
representative elements or main groups of the periodic table.
• A stair step line separates metals and
nonmetals. Elements along the stair step line are
the semimetals.
• The seven elements commonly regarded as
semimetals are boron, silicon, germanium,
arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium.
• The majority of the elements on the left side
of the table are metals. The physical properties of
metals include luster, malleability, ductility, and
conductivity. Metals vary in reactivity.
Source: Illustrated in the Grade 8 – Science Learning
Module published on 2013.
• The nonmetals are confined to the right
side of the table.
Looking at the table below, Representative elements has their respective valence electron
number. You can see that the number of their old grouping is also the number of their valence
electron. As stated in the Octet Rule elements gain or lose electrons to attain an electron
configuration of the nearest noble gas, to become stable. When an atom/element gains an electron
it becomes negatively charged ion and it is called ANION, while if an atom/element loses an
electron it becomes positively charged ion and it is CATION.
4
Let’s Practice
This section of the lesson will let you experience sorting out or grouping things. This will
help you get hooked on how scientists have meticulously arranged element in the periodic table.
Materials Needed:
✓ a large size pack of mixed nuts (snack junk foods containing different kind such nuts, corn,
peas, etc.)
✓ clean saucers or any small plate will do
✓ timer (any kind of timer can be used)
Procedure:
Question:
1. Did you finish sorting out the mixed nuts at a given time? ___________________________________.
2. What are your basis in sorting out your mixed nuts. _________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________.
3. How did you find sorting out the mixed nuts? Is it easy/hard? Why? _________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
RUBRICS:
5
Activity 2. Sorting: How do they do it?
Directions. Fill in the missing data that is needed to complete the identification card of scientist
who contributed in the development of periodic table. Write your answer on a separate sheet
RUBRICS:
6
Let’s Do More
Activity 3: Metal…Metal…How reactive are you?
Materials:
✓ paper
✓ pen/pencil
✓ Periodic Table
Procedure
1. A reaction does not always happen between a metal and a compound. There is an existing
definite order of reactivity existing among metals and hydrogen according to their ability to displace
one another. This arrangement is called the metal reactivity series or activity series of metals. The
activity series is an arrangement of metals according to decreasing order of reactivity, as shown
below.
Q1. Potassium, sodium, lithium are metals belonging to Group 1. In this group, how does
reactivity vary – increasing or decreasing from top to bottom in the periodic table?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. Does the relative reactivity of calcium and magnesium follow this trend?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. Sodium, magnesium and aluminum belong to Period 2. Does reactivity increase or
decrease from left to right among elements in a period.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. From your answer in Q1-Q3, make a generalization of the variation of the reactivity of metals
for those belonging to a group and for those belonging to a period.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________.
7
4. Refer to the table, Activity Series of Metals.
Q6. Which will be more reactive in the following pairs of metal in every case?
Objectives:
Materials Needed:
Procedure:
a. Be and Ca ___________
b. Cl and F _____________
c. Rb and Li ____________
8
Activity 5. Atomic Radius Trends
Objectives:
Materials Needed:
Procedure:
a. Be and Ca ___________
b. Cl and F _____________
c. Rb and Li ____________
b. Te, O, Po, S, Se
_____________________________________
Comprehension Check
Directions: Read and analyze the following questions. Write your answer on your Science study
notebook.
RUBRICS:
9
What I Have Learned
I. Directions: Answer the questions with the proper information using your notes, book, and the
periodic table. Write your answer on a clean sheet of paper.
a. He _______________ b. Ge _________________
c. Rb _______________ d. I __________________
Short Response
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________.
RUBRICS:
10
Let’s Assess
Multiple Choices. Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
________1. What was the contribution of Mendeleev in developing the periodic table?
A. discovering protons
B. discovering Mendelevium
A. a group
B. a period.
C. an isotope.
D. an element.
A. a group
B. a period.
C. an isotope.
D. an element.
________4. According to the periodic law, how do elements that have similar properties appear?
________5. Why do elements within the same group in the periodic table have similar properties?
11
________6. What have you observed in the elements as you move down the same column of the
periodic table?
A. be highly reactive
B. forms ions
C. becomes charged
A. alkaline-earth metals
B. anions
C. halogens
D. noble gases
A. metals.
B. nonmetals.
C. ions.
D. isotopes.
________10. Who proposed the law of octaves which classifies elements based on the fact that
similar properties could be noted for every eight elements when they are arranged in order of
increasing atomic masses?
A. Dmitri Mendeleev
B. Henry Moseley
C. Johann Doberiener
D. John Newlands
Prepared by:
JOEMAR S. CUSTODIO
SST-I
BULBUGAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Sta. Maria, Gloria
Division of Oriental Mindoro
12
References
Annenberg Foundation (2012). Workshop session 2: The particle nature of matter: Solids, liquids,
and gases. In Essential Science for Teachers: Physical Science. Retrieved
fromhttp://www.learner.org/courses/essential/physicalsci/support/ps_session2.p df
Atkins, Peter, and Jones, Loretta (2002). Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight, second
edition. New York: W. H. Freeman.
Brady, J.E.,& Senese, F. (2004). Chemistry: Matter and its changes (4th ed.). River Street
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bucat, R.B. (Ed.). (1984). Elements of chemistry: Earth, air, fire and water, Vol. 2. Canberra City,
A.C.T., Australia.
Elvins, C., Jones, D., Lukins, N., Miskin, J., Ross, B., & Sanders, R. (1991).Chemistry one:
Materials, chemistry in everyday life. Port Melbourne, Australia: Heinemann Educational
Australia.
Fricke, M. (1976). "Quantum Mechanics." In Method and Appraisal in the Physical Sciences: The
Critical Background to Modern Science, 1800–1905, ed. C. Howson. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Philippines. Department of Education. 2013. Grade 8 Science Learner’s Module. First Edition.
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City
Philippines. Department of Education. 2013. Grade 8 Teacher’s Guide. First Edition. Meralco
Avenue, Pasig City
Mendoza, E.E. &Religioso, T.F. (1997).Chemistry.Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City.
13
Answer Key
14
15
Periodic Table of Elements