CBLM Eim Module 2

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
CONSTRUCTION
Qualification:
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC II
Unit of Competency:
PERFORM ROUGHING-IN ACTIVITIES FOR COMMUNICATION AND
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Module Title:
PERFORMING ROUGHING –IN ACTIVITIES FOR
COMMUNICATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Technical Education and Skills Development

Authority
SIMEON SUAN VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL
COLLEGE
Pag-asa, Bansud Oriental Mindoro
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

EIM NC – 2 Date Developed: Document No.
Perform Roughing-in May 2012 Issued by:
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communication and Revised by:
Distribution. EIM Trainers
(Core Competencies) R4B Revision # 01
Sector:
CONSTRUCTION
Qualification:
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC II

Unit of Competency:
PERFORM ROUGHING – IN ACTIVITIES FOR COMMUNICATION AND DISTRBUTION

SYSTEM
Module Title:
PERFORMING ROUGHING – IN ACTIVITIES FOR COMMUNICATION AND DISTRBUTION

SYSTEM
TECHNICAL EDUCATION & SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

CAPT, LAWRENCE COPPER TECHNICAL COLLEGE
M.H. DEL PILAR ST. SAN JOSE OCCIDENTAL MINDORO

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Welcome to the Module “Performing Roughing-in Activities for

Communication and Distribution System”. This module contains training
materials and activities for you to complete.
- The unit of competency “Perform Roughing-in Activities for kv

m ,,bg’/’n. Electrical Installation and Maintenance required to obtain the
National Certificate (NC) level II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome
there are Information Sheets, Operation Sheets and Activity Sheets. Do
these activities on your own and answer the Self-Check at the end of each
learning activity.
If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some basic knowledge and skills covered in this
module. If you can demonstrate competence to your teacher in a particular skill,
talk to your teacher so you do not have to undergo the same training again. If
you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings,
show it to him/her. If the skills you acquired are consistent with and relevant to
this module, they become part of the evidence. You can present these for RPL. If
you are not sure about your competence/skills, discuss this with your teacher.
After completing this module, ask your teacher to assess your competence.
Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the
learning activities are designed for you to complete at your own pace.
In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant
information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have
more than one learning activity.
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in
receiving and relaying information. This will be the source of information that
will enable you to acquire the knowledge and skills in Electrical Installation and
Maintenance NC level II independently at your own pace with minimum supervision from your teacher.
Qualification: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

NC II

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Unit of Competency: PERFORM ROUGHING-IN ACTIVITIES FOR
COMMUNICATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Module Title: Performing Roughing-in Activities for

Communication and Distribution System
INTRODUCTION:
This module contains information and suggested learning activities on

Performing Roughing-in Activities for Communication and Distribution System.
It includes instructions and procedure on how to install telephone terminals,
cabinet and frames, wire ways, cable tray and cable bridge.
Completion of this module will help you understand the succeeding module
on performing roughing-in activities for communication and distribution system.
This module consists of three (3) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome
contains learning activities with instruction sheets. Before you follow the
instruction, read the information sheets and answer the self-check and activities
provided to assess your competence by your teacher. He/she will check if you
have acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the
particular learning outcome.
Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for assessment. If you
pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.
NOMINAL DURATION: 112 HRS
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the module you should be able to:
LO1 Install electrical metallic conduit
LO2 Layout and install telephone terminal cabinets and frame
LO3 Layout and install wire ways
LO4 Layout and install cabinet tray/cable tray/ cable bridge
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Electrical metallic conduits are installed according to the latest edition
of Philippine Electrical Code and National Electrical Code.
2. Electrical metallic conduits are installed according to the job
requirements
3. Tools/equipment and materials needed for the installation are prepared
in line with job requirements.

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4. Safety procedures in installing electrical metallic conduits are strictly
observed according OHS guidelines and procedures.
5. Wire ways and cable trays are installed according to the latest edition of
Philippine Electrical Code and National Electrical Code.
6. Wire ways and cable trays are installed according to the job
requirements
8. Safety procedures in installing wire ways and cable trays are strictly
9. Telephone terminal cabinet is installed according to the latest edition of
10. Telephone terminal cabinet are installed according to the job
requirements
11. Tools/equipment and materials needed for the installation are
prepared in line with job requirements.
12. Safety procedures in installing telephone terminal cabinet are
strictly observed according OHS guidelines and procedures.
13. Cable bridges are installed according to the latest edition of
14. Cable bridge are installed according to the job requirements
15. Tools/equipment and materials needed for the installation are
prepared in line with job requirements.
16. Safety procedures in installing cable bridges are strictly observed
according OHS guidelines and procedures.
PREREQUISITES
TECHNICAL TERMS

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Ground – A conducting connection between an electrical
circuit or equipment and the earth, or to some conducting body that serves in
place of the earth.
Conduit Body – A separate portion of a conduit or tubing system that provides

access through a removable cover to the interior of the system or at a terminal point of th
system.
Cable - a group of wires for transmitting electrical signals that are bound together
and usually have shared or common insulation. Any electrical wires bigger than 8.0mm
square.
Cable tray system- A unit or assembly of units or sections or and associated

fittings forming a rigid structural system used to securely fasten or support cables and
raceways.
Fittings – An accessory such as a locknut, bushing, coupling or other part of a

wiring system that is intended primarily to perform a mechanical rather than an electrica
function.
Rigid metal conduit – Is a listed metal raceway of circular cross section with
integral or associated couplings approve for the installation of electrical conductors and
used with listed fittings to provide electrical continuity.
Philippine Electrical Code – This code contains provisions that are considered
the minimum requirements necessary for safety. Compliance therewith and proper
maintenance will result in an installation that is essentially free from hazard but
necessarily efficient, convenient or adequate for a good service or future expansion of
electrical use.
Flexible Conduit – Non-rigid metal conduit into which conductors may be

drawn.
Junction Box – A box with a blank cover which serves the purpose of joining
different runs of raceway or cable, and provided with sufficient space for connection
and branching of the enclosed conductors.
Outlet – A point on the wiring system at which current is taken to supply
utilization equipment.
Pull Box – A box with a blank cover which is inserted in one or more runs or
raceway to facilitate pulling in the conductors, and may also serve the purpose of
distributing the conductors.
Raceway – An enclosed channel of metal or non metallic materials designed

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expressly for holding wires, cables or bus bars. Raceways include rigid metal conduit,
rigid nonmetallic conduit, intermediate metal conduit, Liquid tight Flexible conduit,
Flexible metallic tubing/conduit, Electrical non –metallic and metallic tubing, wire ways
and bus ways.
Utilization Equipment – Equipment that utilizes electric energy for heating,

lighting or similar purposes.
Weatherproof – Constructed or protected so that exposure to the weather will

not interfere with successful operation.
Service Drop – The overhead service conductor from the last pole or other aerial
support to and including the splices, if any connecting to the service entrance
conductors at the building.

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LO1. INSTALL ELECTRICAL METALLIC TUBING
CONTENTS:
 PEC provisions on electrical metallic conduits

 Bending electrical metallic conduit
 Procedures in installing electrical metallic conduit
 Safety procedures in installing electrical metallic conduits
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Electrical metallic conduits are installed according to the latest edition

of Philippine Electrical Code and National Electrical Code.
2. Electrical metallic conduits are installed according to the job
requirements
4. Safety procedures in installing electrical metallic conduits are strictly
CONDITIONS:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Tools and Equipment  Materials

o Lineman’s pliers o Electrical metallic conduits
o Long nose pliers o lock nuts, bushing, adapters
o Diagonal cutting pliers o fastening devices
o Set of screw driver o Conduit supports
o Claw hammer  Learning Materials
o Hacksaw o Learning elements
o Measuring tools o Manuals
o Pipe vise o Books and
o Pipe cutter o Philippine Electrical
o reamer Code/National Electrical Code,
o Simulated Latest Edition
workplace/wiring booth
o Ladder
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
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 Demonstration
 Direct observation and questioning
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 1: Install Rigid Metallic Conduit

Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read the attached information  Do not write anything on the

sheet 2.1-1 about PEC provision module; provide extra paper in
in the installation of rigid metal doing the self-check.
conduit.  If you have some problem on
the content of the information
sheet don’t hesitate to approach
your facilitator.
 If you feel that you are now

knowledgeable on the content
of the information sheet, you
can now answer self-check
provided in the module.
2. Answer Self-Check 2.1-1

 Compare your answer to the
answer key 2.1-1. If you can
satisfy this self-check, you may
now proceed to the next
information sheet. If not, review
the information sheet and go
over the self-check again.
3. Read the information sheet 2.1-

2A about procedures in installing  Do not write anything on the
electrical metallic conduit. module; provide extra paper in
doing the self-check.
 If you have some problem on the
content of the information sheet
don’t hesitate to approach your
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facilitator.

knowledgeable on the content of
the information sheet, you can
now answer self-check provided in
the module.
4. Self-Check 2.1-2A  Compare your answer to the

answer key 2.1-2A. If you
can satisfy this self-check,
you may now proceed to the
next information sheet. If
not, review the information
sheet and go over the self-
check again.
5. Perform operation sheet 2.1-2A in  Ask the instructor in performing

cutting electrical metallic conduit the operation sheet to supply you
using hacksaw the necessary tools and equipment.
Follow the given steps and
procedures properly in the learning
element.
 Check your work by comparing to
the performance criteria checklist
2.1-2A.
 If you pass, you can proceed to the
next activity.

sheet 2.1-2B about Installing module; provide extra paper in
conduit and conductors. doing the self-check.
facilitator.

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the module.
7. Self-check 2.1-2B
answer key 2.1-2B. If you can
the information sheet and go over
the self-check again.
8. Perform the Operation Sheet 2.1-  Ask the instructor in performing

2B the operation sheet to supply you
(in cutting electrical metallic the necessary tools and equipment
conduit using pipe cutter) in bending RMC. Follow the given
steps and procedures properly in
the learning element.
2.1-2B.
 If you pass, you can proceed to the
next activity.
9. Perform operation sheet 2.1-2C  Ask the instructor in performing
in threading electrical metallic the operation sheet to supply you
conduit. the necessary tools and equipment
in cutting and reaming RSC/RMC.
element.
2.1-2C.
 If you pass, you can proceed to
the next activity.
10. Read information sheet 2.1-3  Do not write anything on the
bending electrical metallic module; provide extra paper in
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conduit doing the self-check.
facilitator.

the module.
11. Self-Check 2.1-3  Compare your answer to the

answer key 2.1-3. If you can satisfy
this self-check, you may now
proceed to the next information
sheet. If not, review the
information sheet and go over the
self-check again.
12. Perform operation sheet 2.1-3  Ask the instructor in performing
bending electrical metallic the operation sheets to supply you
conduit the necessary tools and equipment
in cutting and reaming RMC.
element.
13. Read information sheets  Do not write anything on the

2.1-4 about safety procedures in module; provide extra paper in
installing electrical metallic doing the self-check.
conduit.  If you have some problem on the
facilitator.

the module.

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INFORMATION SHEET 2.1-1
PEC provisions on electrical metallic conduits
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the learning activity, the trainee must be able to identify
Electrical Metallic Conduits as per PEC provision.
PEC article 3.46 – Rigid Metal Conduit

1.46.1.1 Definition – Rigid Metal Conduit is a listed metal raceway
of circular cross section with integral or associated couplings,
approved for the installation of electrical conductors and used with
listed fittings to provide electrical continuity.
1.46.1.2 Other articles – Installations for rigid metal conduit shall
comply with the provisions of the applicable sections of article 3.0.
1.46.1.3 Uses permitted.
a) All Atmospheric Conditions and Occupancies. Use of rigid
metal conduit shall be permitted under all atmospheric
conditions and occupancies. Where practicable, dissimilar
metals in contact anywhere in the system shall be avoided to
eliminate the possibility of galvanic action. Rigid metal conduit
shall be permitted as an equipment grounding conductor.
Ferrous raceways and fitting protected from corrosion solely by
enamel shall be permitted only indoor s and in occupancies not
subject to severe corrosive influences.
Aluminum fittings and enclosures shall be permitted to be
used with steel rigid metal conduit, and steel fittings and
enclosures shall be permitted to be used with aluminum rigid
metal conduit.
b) Corrosion Protection. Rigid metal conduit elbows, couplings,
and fittings shall be permitted to be installed in concrete, in
direct contact with the earth, or in areas subject to severe
corrosive influences where protected by corrosion protection and
judged suitable for the condition.
c) Cinder Fill. Rigid metal conduit shall be permitted to be installed
in or under cinder fill where subject to permanent moisture
where protected on all sides by a layer of non cinder concrete not
less than 50mm thick; where the conduit is not less than 460mm
under the fill ;or where protected by corrosion protection and
judged suitable for the condition.
3.46.2. Installation

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Size – a)Minimum – Rigid metal conduit smaller than 15mm
electrical trade size shall not be used.
b)Maximum - Rigid metal conduit bigger than 150mm
electrical trade size shall not be used.
3.46.2.6 Bends – How made. Bends of rigid metal conduit shall be
made so that the conduit will not be damaged and that the Internal
diameter of the conduit will not be effectively reduced. The radius of the curve of
the inner edge of any
Field bend shall not be less than the indicated.
Table 3.46.2.6. Radius of conduit bends

Size of Conduit (inch) Conductors without lead sheath
(mm)
15mm (1/2”) 100 (4”)
20mm(3/4”) 125 (5”)
25mm(1”) 150 (6”)
32mm(1 ¼”) 200
40mm(1 ½”) 250
50mm(2”) 300
65mm(2 ½”) 375
3.46.2.7. Bends- Number in one run . There shall not be more than the
equivalent of four quarter bends (360 degrees total) between pull points.
3.46.2.8. Securing and Supporting . Rigid Metal Conduit shall be securely
fastened within 900 mm of each box. It is supported at interval not exceeding 3
000 mm for 15-20 mm rigid metal conduit, 3 600 mm for 25mm rigid metal
conduit and 4 200 mm support distance for 32-40 mm rigid metal conduit.
3.46.2.11. Bushings. Where a conduit enters a box, fittings or other enclosure, a

bushing shall be provided to protect the wire from abrasion unless the design of
the box, fitting or enclosure is such as to afford equivalent protection.
3.46.2.11. Standard length. The standard length of rigid metal conduit shall be
3 000 mm including the attach coupling.
Conduit is a rugged, protective tube through which wires are pulled.

Careful planning and practice will result in a professional-looking electrical
system. A conduit wiring system is probably the most challenging of the
electrical systems to install.
1-1 Rigid Steel Conduit

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Rigid-steel conduit is a heavy-duty pipe that is similar in appearance to metal
water pipe. It is threaded at both ends. Rigid-steel conduit provides the best
protection from physical abuse because of its strength. Article 349 in the NEC
covers rigid-steel conduit (Figure 1-1, page 1-2).
Figure 1-1. Rigid-steel conduit
The size of rigid-steel conduit is the inside-diameter measurement. Rigid-steel

conduit is available in sizes from 1/2 inch to 6 inches. These sizes will
accommodate any job. A breakdown of the sizes of rigid-steel conduit in
inches follows: 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1 1/2, 2, 2 1/2, 3, 3 1/2, 4, 5, and 6.
A full-length piece or stick of rigid-steel conduit is 10 feet long. Galvanized-

steel conduit is available for application in wet areas or underground.
Galvanizing prevents the rusting of conduit from moisture.
EMT Conduit
EMT conduit is a light-gauge pipe often referred to as thin-wall conduit

(Figure 1-2).
The wall thickness of EMT conduit is about 40 percent less than that of rigid-
steel conduit, and because of the thickness of EMT conduit, it can be easily
bent. Article 348 in the NEC covers EMT conduit.
Figure 1-2. EMT (thin-wall) conduit
EMT conduit is available in inside diameters ranging from 1/2 inch to 4

inches. Like rigid-steel conduit, EMT conduit comes in 10-foot lengths. A
breakdown of the sizes of EMT conduit in inches follows: 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1 1/2,
2, 2 1/2, 3, 3 1/2, and 4.

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SELF CHECK 2.1-1
1. It is a listed metal raceway of circular cross section with integral

or associated coupling.
a. Rigid metal conduit
b. Rigid metal tubing
c. Rigid steel conduit
2. According to PEC requirements how many bends are allowed in
a conduit run?
a. Not more than 360 degrees bend
b. More than 360 degrees bend
c. 450 degrees bend
3. According to PEC what is the standard length of rigid conduit?
a. 5000mm
b. 4000mm
c. 3000mm
4. It is a rugged, a protective tube through which wires are pulled.
a. Conduit
b. Cable trays
c. Wire ways
5. It is a light gauge pipe often referred to thin wall conduit.
a. Electrical metallic tubing
b. Corrugated flexible conduit
c. Rigid steel conduit

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ANSWER KEY OF SELF CHECK 2.1-1
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. A

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Procedures in cutting and Threading Electrical Metallic Conduit
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the learning activity, the trainee must be able to understand
the procedures in cutting and threading Electrical Metallic Conduits as per PEC
provision.
Cutting and Threading Conduit
Although it may seem at first glance to be a simple task, cutting and threading
conduit efficiently requires considerable skill. With the instructions that follow
and on-the-job experience, you should soon be able to do this well.
You will learn the methods on how to cut and thread conduit.
Cutting Conduit
Regardless of the type of conduit being installed, you will often have to cut it
to make it fit.
All conduits should be cut at a 90° angle. Rigid-steel conduit can be cut with
either a hacksaw or a pipe cutter. Although a vise is not absolutely necessary,
it makes cutting with either tool much easier (Figure 2-1).

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Figure 2-1. Cutting and reaming tools
When cutting any conduit with a hacksaw, use a blade with 18 to 32 teeth
per inch.
A blade with fewer teeth hangs up, binds, or even breaks (Figure 2-2). Put the
blade in the hacksaw frame (with the teeth pointing forward) so that the teeth
cut when you push the saw forward.
Place the pipe in the vise so that there is ample room between the vise and
the cut.
This lets you saw without hitting your hands on the vise and allows enough
room for threading purposes after the cut is made. Remember, let the saw
work for you, do not force it. Use a steady forward cutting stroke with light to
medium pressure.
Figure 2-2. Hacksaw blades
To use a pipe cutter, place the conduit in the vise as described above for
cutting with a hacksaw. Put the cutter over the conduit and adjust it until the
cutting wheel makes contact at the point of the cut (Figure 2-3).

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Figure 2-3. Pipe cutter
Tighten the cutter just enough to score the pipe on the first turn. Then, screw
the handle in about one-fourth of a turn for each turn around the conduit
until the cut is complete. Cutting oil can be used to ease the cutting action.
Rigid-steel conduit is cut the same way.
EMT and PVC conduit should be cut with a hacksaw because pipe cutters
may flatten the end of the pipe.
Pipe cutters also leave a ridge on the inside of the pipe that is very hard to
remove. There are tubing cutters made specifically for cutting EMT or PVC
(Figure 2-4), but be sure you have the correct cutter for the job.
As stated before, when cutting conduit with a hacksaw or tubing cutter, using
the vise will make the job much easier. The tubing cutter is used the same
way as the pipe cutter.
Figure 2-4. Tubing cutter

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Flexible metallic and nonmetallic conduit should also be cut with a hacksaw
at a 90° angle. Cutting any type of conduit leaves a sharp edge or burrs on
the inside of it that must be removed by reaming.
To ream rigid-steel conduit, use the reamer shown in Figure 2-5, page 2-4.
A rat-tail file does a good job on any type of conduit. Use pliers, such as
needle-nose or side-cutting pliers, to ream EMT that has been cut with a
hacksaw.
The important thing is to remove any sharp edge or burrs inside the conduit
that might cut the insulation when the conductors are pulled into it.
Figure 2-5. Reaming tools
Threading Conduit
Once rigid-steel conduit is cut, it must be threaded for use with threaded
couplings, locknuts, and bushings.
To thread conduit, use a pipe-cutting die with a standard pipe thread of 3/4-
inch taper per foot. This die cuts a deeper thread on the end of the conduit
and then tapers the cut at the rear or shoulder of the thread. This is just the
opposite of a running thread on a bolt.
The dies used for threading smaller sizes of conduit are usually hand-driven
(Figure 2-6).

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The handle may be solidly attached to the die, or the die assembly may be a
ratchet-type. When using larger sizes or installing large amounts of conduit
that require considerable threading, a motor-driven, pipe-threading machine
is recommended.
Figure 2-6. Nonadjustable ratchet and dies
The most common rigid-steel conduit threader is a nonadjustable ratchet and

dies, which come in sizes to fit conduit from 1/2 inch to 2 inches (Figure 2-6).
Before threading the conduit, inspect the dies to see that they are sharp and
free from nicks and wear. Next, insert the conduit into the vise, place the
guide end of the pipe threader on the conduit, and push the threading dies
against the conduit with the heel of your hand (Figure 2-7).
Figure 2-7. Threading conduit
With pressure against the threader, take three or four short, clockwise
strokes downward to start the threads.
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Continue the threading with clockwise strokes, mixed with a reverse stroke
every now and then, until two or three threads extend beyond the die.
To reverse the threader, pull the ratchet lock out and turn it a half turn. The
reverse turns keep the threads and dies clean and free of bits of metal.
Cutting oil applied during the threading helps the cutting process by
reducing friction. To remove the threader, release the ratchet lock and turn
the die by hand counterclockwise. Removal of the die also cleans the threads.
It is important that the right amount of threads be cut for the job. In other
words, a full thread must be cut so that the ends of the conduit come
together in the coupling (Figure 2-8).
Figure 2-8. Threaded coupling
Full threads are also necessary for the conduit to make a firm seat in the end
threads of the hub. Cutting threads until two or three threads extend beyond
the die usually gives you a full thread. However, if too many threads are cut,
the conduit will fit too loosely in the coupling or against the hub.
Power threaders come in the following two types: stationary threaders built
for use in the shop and portable threaders built for use in the field. Both
types are driven by electric motors that have adjustable chucks and dies for
use on different sizes of conduit. Portable threaders normally handle conduit
up to 2 inches. Shop threaders may be built to handle conduit up to 6 inches.
Consult the manufacturer's operating instructions before using these power
tools.

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SELF CHECK 2.1-2a
1. It is a lubricant that is used to make the cutting easier.
A. Oil
B. Grease
C. Water base lubricant
2. What kind of tool you will use to remove the burrs and sharp edges of the
cut conduit?
A. Pipe cutter
B. Triangular file
C. Pipe reamer
3. It is an equipment use to hold the conduit which will be threaded.

A. C clamp
B. Pipe vise
C. Vise grip
4. It is use to thread rigid steel conduit.

A. Pipe threader
B. Pipe vise
C. Pipe cutter
5. It is a tool use to cut rigid metallic conduit .

A. Pipe cutter
B. Triangular file
C. Pipe reamer

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Answer Key 2.1-1a
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. A

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Installing Conduit and Conductors
At the end of the learning activity, the trainee must be able to install
Electrical Metallic Conduits per PEC provision.
This lesson discusses the specific requirements for installing conduit and
conductors.
You will learn how to install conduit and conductors as per construction prints
and the NEC.
4-1 Installing Conduit
Several general requirements apply to all types of conduit installation. All

runs must be installed as a complete system before any conductors are
pulled into them. In other words, a run of conduit (to include conduit,
fittings, and supports) must be complete before the conductors are installed.
A run of conduit should be as straight and direct as possible. When a number

of conduit runs are to be installed parallel and next to each other, install
them all at the same time. The minimum size raceway that can be installed is
generally 1/2-inch electrical trade size. There are exceptions to this rule
depending on specific locations. The exceptions for each type are outlined in
the NEC.
All types of conduit must be reamed after they have been cut. Conduit
threaded in the field must be threaded with a die that has a 3/4-inch taper
per foot. Also, never use threaded couplings with running threads. Running
threads weaken the conduit and may come loose.
Threaded couplings and connectors used with any type of conduit must be
made with tight connections. When the couplings or connectors are to be
buried in concrete or masonry they must be the concrete-tight type. When
installed in wet locations, they must be the watertight type.
Fittings for EMT are of two general types ¾ watertight fittings that may be
used outdoors or in any location and fittings that provide strong mechanical
and electrical connections, but may be used only in dry locations.
The watertight fittings join sections of tubing by means of a five-piece

compression fitting. (Figure 4-1).
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Figure 4-1. Five-piece compression fitting
To put a watertight fitting together, use the following steps:
Step 1. Place a gland nut and compression ring over the end of each piece of
tubing (in that order).
Step 2. Slip a double-threaded ring (called the body) over the end of each
section.
Step 3. Screw the gland nuts onto the body and tighten them to squeeze the
compression rings. The rings form a watertight seal.
A similar fitting having only three pieces is used to make a watertight joint to
metal boxes (Figure 4-2).
Figure 4-2. Three-piece fitting
To make a watertight joint to a metal box, use the following steps:
Step 1. Place the large nut and compression ring on the end of the EMT.
Step 2. Place the double-threaded body over the end.
Step 3. Screw the nut onto the body to squeeze the compression ring and
make a watertight seal.
Step 4. Use the exposed threads on the body to secure the EMT to a
weatherproof box using a locknut and bushing (Figure 4-3).

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Figure 4-3. Opened three-piece fitting
Fittings for use in dry locations are simpler to use and less expensive. One
type consists of a sleeve and two or four setscrews (Figure 4-4).
Figure 4-4. Dry-locations fittings
Another form of coupling is made by using a plain sleeve and an indenting

tool (Figure 4-5).
Figure 4-5. Plain sleeve and

indenting tool coupling Figure 4-6. Indenting tool
To put on an indented coupling, use the following steps:

Step 1. Place the sleeve over the ends to be joined.
Step 2. Use the indenting tool to make indents in the coupling and the tubing
to secure the joint. The tool makes two indents at once on either side of the
coupling (Figure 4-6).
Step 3. Use the tool twice, 1/4 turn apart, on each end of the coupling, to
make a total weight of eight indents at the joint.
Fittings used for rigid-steel and PVC conduit are similar to those used for
EMT. Threaded and threadless couplings and connectors are available for use
with rigid-steel and PVC conduit and PVC.
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The threadless fittings are installed in the same way as those for EMT. The
advantage of using threadless couplings and connectors is that threading the
conduit is not required. Because EMT has a thin wall, it cannot be threaded,
thus threaded couplings cannot be used with EMT (Figure 4-7).
Figure 4-7. Threadless couplings and connectors
On rigid steel conduit threaded couplings are screwed onto the threaded ends
of the conduit and tightened with a pipe wrench (Figure 4-8).
Figure 4-8. Threaded coupling
Rigid-steel and PVC conduit is connected to electrical boxes by locknuts

(Figure 4-9). The locknuts are tightened against each side of the box wall. The
bushing is placed over the end of the conduit to provide the conductor with
protection from physical damage.
Figure 4-9. Box connector

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Fittings for flexible metallic conduit are either internally or externally
attached to the conduit. The internal type is designed to screw into the spiral
of the conduit. This type of connector covers the end of the conduit
completely, protecting the conductors from contact with the cut edge of the
conduit. Externally attached connectors are secured to the conduit with
clamping screws (Figure 4-10).
When using these connectors, make sure that the cut end of the conduit is
pushed as far as possible into the connector, covering the cut end and
protecting the conductors from damage.
NOTE: The spiral construction of flexible metallic conduit causes

it to have a higher electrical resistance per foot than solid
metallic conduit. For this reason, flexible metallic conduit should
not be used as a grounding conductor. An additional bare or
green-insulated grounding conductor should be included with the
current-carrying conductors in flexible conduit installations.
special type of metallic flexible metallic conduit is made for use in wet areas.
It is called liquid-tight. Liquid-tight fittings are available for use with this
conduit (Figure 4-11).
Figure 4-11. Flexible metallic, liquid-tight conduit connector
Connections are made in PVC conduit by cementing two pieces of PVC

together (Figure 4-12). Joints must first be coated with primer. The cement
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used is actually a solvent that softens the plastic at the joint and allows the
softened areas to flow together to form a weld. The resulting joint is watertight
and strong. PVC conduit can be cut readily with any fine-tooth saw.
Figure 4-12. PVC coupling
When you run conduit from one point to another, you often need to make
more turns (total of 360°) than the NEC allows in a single run. When this is
the case, you can use a fitting called a conduit body.
A conduit body, as defined in the NEC, is "a separate portion of a conduit or

tubing system that provides access through a removable cover to the interior
of the system at a junction of two or more sections of the system or at a
terminal point of the system." Figure 3-3, page 3-3, shows some of the more
common conduit bodies and covers.
A conduit body is put in conduit between two outlets to keep the bends
within NEC limits for a single run (Figure 4-13). As you can see, the run on
the left has bends that total 360º, which is all the NEC permits. Therefore, a
conduit body had to be installed so that the conduit could be continued to the
box on the right.

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Figure 4-13. Conduit body usage
Conduit must be supported by straps or hangers throughout the entire run

(Figure 4-14).
Figure 4-14. Conduit supports
On a wooden surface, nails or wood screws can be used to secure the straps.
On brick or concrete surfaces, you must first make a hole with a star or
carbide drill and then install an expansion anchor.
Use an expansion tool to force the anchors apart, forming a wedge to hold the
anchor in the hole. Secure the strap to the surface with machine screws
attached to the anchor. On tile or other hollow material, secure the straps
with toggle bolts. If the installation is made on metal surfaces, you can drill
holes to secure the straps or hangers with machine or sheet-metal screws.
The number of supports needed depends on the type of conduit being used.
Holes or notches in framing members may serve as supports. EMT requires
supports within 3 feet of each outlet box, junction box, cabinet, or fitting and
every 10 feet thereafter.

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Rigid-steel conduit must also be supported within 3 feet of a box. The
distance between supports may be increased to 20 feet on direct vertical runs
of rigid-steel conduit from machine tools and other equipment if threaded
couplings are used and the riser is supported at each end. PVC must be
supported as in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1. Supporting distances for PVC
Maximum Space Between

Conduit Size
Supports
1/2 to 1 inch 3 feet
1 1/4 to 2 inches 5 feet
7 inches 8 feet
In addition, PVC must be supported within 3 feet of each opening.
Flexible metallic conduit must be supported a intervals not to exceed 4 1/2

feet and within 12 inches on each side of every outlet box or fitting.
Exceptions to this are runs of 3 feet or less where flexibility is needed or 6 feet
when connecting light fixtures.
After all conduit has been installed, supported, and connected to the boxes,
you are ready to install the conductors.
4-2 Installing Conductors
Nearly all types of wire may be used in conduit installation; however, the
most common type used is moisture-resistant thermoplastic (TW). To
determine the length of wire to be installed, add the length of conduit and the
length of wire to be left in the boxes for connections (usually 6 inches for each
outgoing wire). If the conductors are to be connected into the breaker panel
add conductor lengths, in feet, equal to the length and width of the breaker
panel.

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The general procedure for installing conductors in conduit is the same for all
types of conduit. Conductors are installed by pulling them through the
conduit. The pulling is done with a special tool called a fish tape (Figure 4-
15).
Figure 4-15. Fish tape
The fish tape is fed through the conduit from its storage reel. The tape is fed
in at a box installed for a switch or receptacle. The tape is pulled out of the
next opening in the line away from the panel box (Figure 4-16).

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Figure 4-16. Use of the fish tape
Conductors are fastened to the end of the tape. The tape is then pulled or
reeled in to draw the conductors through the conduit. If the run is long, two
people are needed for this job. One feeds the conductors in at one end as the
other reels in the fish tape.
In most cases, there will be more than one conductor being fed into the
conduit. It is important to keep the conductors smooth and free of kinks. Set
up the conductor spools so that they unwind freely and can be kept free of
bends and crossovers.
When more than one conductor is to be pulled, the connection to the fish
tape should be staggered to avoid a bulky connection that would make
pulling difficult (Figure 4-17.)

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Figure 4-17. Connecting conductors to the fish tape
If the conductors become twisted, they are difficult to pull around bends. For
particularly long runs or where there are many bends, wires can be coated
with a lubricating compound. Noncorrosive lubricating components are
available in dry powder form and in paste.
Sometimes, nonmetallic cable, rather than individual conductors, is installed

in conduit. This is done in locations where special protection is needed, such
as below grade in residences. The extra stiffness and larger diameter of cable
require that special care be taken when feeding the cable into the conduit to
avoid damage to it.
The procedure of pulling conductors between switch or receptacle boxes is

continued until the complete system is wired. Sometimes, if no switch or
receptacle box is called for on a long run, a conduit body must be installed
near the middle of the run to make conductor installation easier. Conduit
bodies can be used as pull boxes by opening the hatch. Be sure to leave at
least 6 inches of wire at each box to make connections to the switch,
receptacle, or fixture that will be installed later.

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NOTE: A pull box is used at the mid-point for long runs of conduit.
Conductors are pulled from the pull box to the start of the run. Then,
conductors are pulled from the mid-point (pull box) to the end of the run.
This eliminates the need to pull heavy conductors over long distances.
Friction between conductors, the conduit, and the weight of the conductors
can cause wire (conductor) pulling to be very difficult.
Whenever possible, run conductors from box to box without a break. In

particular, the white- or gray-insulated (neutral) wire should be continued
unbroken. When the fish tape has been reeled in, hold the red or black
conductors and pull out enough white wire to reach the next box or the end
of the run. At each box where a connection must be made, leave a loop of
white wire.
The wire can be connected by removing a section of insulation without

cutting the conductor. In many cases, the red and black wires can also be
continued in this manner. Continuing conductors in this way reduces the
number of connections that must be made in electrical boxes. This speeds
up work and keeps boxes uncrowded.

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SELF CHECK 2.1-2
1. What is the minimum size of raceway used in installing electrical conduit?
a.) ½” diameter
b.) 2” diameter
c.) ¾” diameter
d.) 1” diameter
2. How many number of bends allowed in a conduit run?

a.) Not more than three 90 degrees bends
b.) Not more than four 90 degrees bends
c.) Five 90 degrees bends
d.) Six 90 degrees bends
3.) If the size of conduit is ½” diameter to 1” diameter. What should be the

maximum space between supports?
a) 5 feet
b) 3 feet
c) 7 feet
d) 6 feet
4.) The most common type of conductor used in wiring installation is

a) THHN
b) THW
c) THWN
d) TW
5.) In joining EMT conduit what fitting is being used?

a.) Non threaded coupling
b.) EMT connectors
c.) Threaded coupling
d.) Adapters with bushing

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ANSWER KEY OF SELF CHECK 2.1-2
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. C

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OPERATION SHEET 2.1-2A
CUTTING ELECTRICAL METALLIC CONDUIT USING HACKSAW
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this operation sheet the trainee should be able to cut
electrical metallic conduit using hacksaw.
A. TOOLS:
Quantity Description
1 pc Hacksaw
1 pc Pipe Vise
1pc Push pull rule-5m
B.MATERIALS:
1 pc Electrical Metallic Conduit
C .PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:

1 pc Gloves
1 pc Goggles
Cutting Electrical Metallic Conduit Using Hacksaw:
STEPS AND PROCEDURES :

1. A hacksaw is the most important cutting tool for sawing metal to size.
2. There are many different types of hacksaws, but in general they consist of
a fixed or adjustable frame with a renewable hacksaw blade.

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3. Hacksaw blades are classified by length and the number of 32 of teeth per
25mm of cutting edge is recommended for cutting steel.
4. Pipes to be cut must be held steady and prevented from rotating by
holding them in a suitable vice.
5. This is a self locking hinged and is available in a number of sizes.
6. The portable folding pipe vice is very practical as a mobile workplace and
is used especially on building sites.
7. Chain pipe vises are made to hold pipe with an outside diameter of up 8”
or 200mm. They are mounted on solid benches.
8. Open the vice and insert the pipe .

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Make sure you have measured and marked the correct length exactly.
9. Take up the hacksaw and position yourself as shown here, with your left
shoulder pointing in the direction you intend to cut. Note the position of
the feet, which allows free and controlled movement of the body when
cutting.
10. Gripping the hacksaw handle with the right hand, position the
hacksaw blade on top of the cutting line.

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11. Place the left hand on the pipe, close to the cutting line with the
thumb against the saw blade.
12. Commence sawing with light strokes using the thumb of the left
hand as a guide for the blade.
13. When sawing, use the full length of the blade, gradually increasing
pressure on the forward stroke and releasing the pressure as the blade is
drawn back.
14. Saw with steady, even strokes keeping the blade upright and square
in the cut.
Note: If you are using a carbon steel blade do not attempt to saw quickly
as heat produced will take the temper from the blade.

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15. Before finishing the cutting operation, the pipe must be supported
with the left hand .This will prevent the blade of the hacksaw being
damaged.
16. Smooth off the cut pipe and deburr by filing outside and inside.

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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
Operation Sheet 2.1-2A
CUTTING ELECTRICAL METALLIC CONDUIT USING HACKSAW
Name : ____________________
Date : ____________________
CRITERIA Competent
Yes No
1.CUTTING A. Did he perform correct body
position
B. Square cut
2.REAMING A. Did he perform Reaming
outside
B. Did he perform Reaming
inside
3.SPEED A. On time
A. Proper usage
4.PROPER USE B. Lift the blade at backstroke
OF TOOLS AND C. Blade not broken
EQUIPMENT
A. Did he Observe safety
5.SAFETY precaution
B. No cuts or wounds
C. Wear PPE

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OPERATION SHEET 2.1-2B
Cutting Electrical Metallic Conduit Using Pipe Cutter
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this operation sheet the trainee should be able to cut
electrical metallic conduit using pipe cutter.
A. TOOLS:
1 pc Pipe Cutter
1 pc Pipe Vise
B.MATERIALS:
1 pc Electrical Metallic Conduit

1 pc Gloves
1 pc Goggles
Cutting Electrical Metallic Conduit Using Pipe Cutter:

NOTE: It is important to cut perfectly straight so that pipe won’t leak around the
fitting. The easiest way to endure a square cut is pipe cutter, a tool that fits onto
the pipe end exactly and cuts true.
1. The wheel pipe cutter is used to make a square cut on the pipe.
2. The cutter consist of :
a. Cutting wheel
b. Rollers
c. Jacking screw

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3. This type of cutter does not actually remove any metal. The wheel squeezes
the metal and forces it head at die cutter until the pipe is cut through the
wall thickness.
4. Pipes to be cut must be held steady and prevented from rotating by

5. This is a self locking hinged and is available in a number of sizes.
6. The portable folding pipe vice is very practical as a mobile workplace and
is used especially on building sites.
7. Chain pipe vises are made to hold pipe with an

outside diameter of up 8” or 200mm. They are mounted on solid benches.

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8. Open the vice and insert the pipe,
9. Before you cut make sure you have measured and marked the correct
length exactly.
10. Fit the wheel pipe cutter to the galvanized steel pipe, close to the
scribed line and tighten the jacking screw so that the cutting wheel is
touching the pipe.

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11. Rotate the pipe cutter around the pipe.
12. After one or two turns, check that the cutting wheel is sitting exactly
on the scribed line.
13. Keep rotating the pipe cutter around the pipe.

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14. After two or three more turns use the jacking screw to put pressure
on the cutting wheel.
15. Before the cut is completed support the pipe with your left hand so
that it does not fall.
16. Use the jacking screw to put more pressure on the cutting wheel
until the pipe is cut through.
17. After cutting the pipe, remove the burrs of

the pipe using half round file or ratchet reamer in the inside diameter.

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Performance Criteria Checklist 2.1-2B
CUTTING ELECTRICAL METALLIC CONDUIT USING PIPE CUTTER
CRITERIA Competent
Yes No
1.CUTTING A. Correct body position
B. Square cut
2.REAMING A. Reamed outside
B. Reamed inside
3.SPEED A. On time
A. Proper usage
4.PROPER USE B. Tighten lightly the jacking screw
OF TOOLS and rotate twice
AND C. Blade not broken
EQUIPMENT
A. Observe safety precaution
5.SAFETY B. No cuts or wounds
C. Wear PPE

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OPERATION SHEET 2.1-2C
THREADING ELECTRICAL METALLIC CONDUIT
A. TOOLS:
1 pc Drop head stock and die
conduit threader
1 pc Pipe Vise
B.MATERIALS:
1 pc Electrical Metallic
Conduit/RSC

1 pc Gloves
1 pc Goggles
Types of Threading Tool :
Manually operated Electrically operated

threading machine
For cutting threads on bolts or on the outside of pipe, a thread-cutting die is

used. It is usually made of hardened steel in the form of a round plate with a
hole in the center.
The hole is threaded in the appropriate form and pitch, and the threads are cut
away for part of their circumference, leaving longitudinal grooves in the die.
These grooves give clearance for the chips of metal formed when a thread is
being cut.

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To cut an outside, or male, thread, the die is heavily lubricated with cutting oil
and simply screwed onto an unthreaded bolt or piece of pipe.
Steps and procedures in threading electrical metallic conduit using Drop

Head Stock and Die :
1. Select the correct die head for threading the pipe.
2. Pull the knob or wheel and set the die head in the ratchet stock.
3. Check that the die head sits in the correct position.
4. Pipes to be threaded must be held steady and prevented from rotating by

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5. Keep the end of the pipe within 150mm to 250mm of the vice.
6. Close and tighten the vice.
7. Slide the Drop Head Stock and Dies over the end of the pipe.
8. Apply a cutting lubricant to the part which is to be threaded

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NOTE: Use lards oil when threading steel pipes.
9. Apply a little pressure to the stock and keep the handle at right angles to
the pipe axis.
10. Rotate the handle clockwise with slight pressure towards the pipe, at
right angles to the pipe axis.
11. When the dies bite into the pipe, stop pushing and simply continue
the rotation, by moving the handle up and down.

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12. Apply cutting lubricant again to the part to be threaded, after the
thread has been started.
NOTE: Cutting lubricant allows the die to cut more easily.
13. Keep rotating the handle clockwise and check the length of the pipe
thread.
14. If the stock and dies stick, you probably have some metal chips in
the way, in which case you must ease the handle back anti-clockwise. This
breaks off long cutting and clears the cutting edges of the dies.
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Reverse the knob!
15. Continue threading until the pipe extends about one or two threads
beyond the end of the stock.
Note: The length of a pipe thread should be between 15mm to 36mm long.
16. When you have cut the desired length of thread, reverse the ratchet
knob, ease the handle and turn the stock anti clockwise until you can take
the stock and dies off the threaded pipe.

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17. Finally, clean off the threads with a stiff wire brush and wipe with
some cloths.
18. After threading and cleaning the pipe thread, screw the fitting onto
the pipe end by hand and test the cut thread.
Note: If the thread is too tight adjust the dies (For adjustable dies only)
and repeat the threading operation.
19. Wipe the stocks and dies and store in the protective carrying case.
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 2.1-2C
THREADING ELECTRICAL METALLIC CONDUIT USING STOCK AND

DIE
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CRITERIA Competent
Yes No
1.THREADING A. Correct body position

B. Apply oil
C. Full threads
3.SPEED A. On time
A. Proper usage
4.PROPER USE B. Reverse the knob from time
OF TOOLS AND to time
EQUIPMENT C. Blade not broke

C. Wear PPE

Bending Electrical Metallic Conduit

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At the end of the learning activity, the trainee must be able to bend
Electrical Metallic Conduits as per PEC provision.
Bending Conduit
One of the tasks you will have as an electrician is to make field bends in conduit.
Although conduit bending is thought by many electricians to be difficult, it is
fairly simple. It does require some thought, simple math calculations, and a lot
of practice.
You will learn how to use calculations and make bends in conduit.
Methods of Bending Conduit
When you are installing conduit, you will need to make bends to go over or
around obstacles. These bends must be made without reducing the inside
diameter of the conduit at the bend.
You will make most bends on the job as a part of the installation procedure.
These are called field bends. Factory-made bends may be used instead of field
bends; however, they increase the cost of the job because they are an added
cost and may require more cutting, threading, and bending.
Since most of the bending you do will be done with manual benders, the
bending procedures taught will be made with those types of tools. There are
basically two types of manual benders used for bending rigid-steel conduit
and EMT.
They are the rigid bender, called the hickeys, and the EMT bender. The EMT
bender is normally made for EMT, but some are made to be used for both
EMT and rigid-steel conduit. The EMT bender is capable of making a full 90°
bend with a single motion. Conduit sizes up to 1 inch for rigid steel and 1 1/4
inch for EMT can be bent using manual benders. Larger sizes are usually
bent with power benders (Figure 3-1).

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Pipe Benders
Types of Bends
Conduit installations are normally referred to as runs of conduit. A run of

conduit is the conduit, fittings, straps, conductors, and bends needed from
one opening to the next (for example, from the panel board to the first outlet
box or from the first outlet box to the second outlet box).
In a run of conduit, there cannot be more than the equivalent of four 90°
bends, for a total of 360°. The purpose of allowing only so many bends in a
run of conduit is to help in pulling conductors into the conduit. Experience
has taught that if more than 360° of bends are used, it is very difficult to pull
conductors through the bends (Figure 3-2).

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Figure 3-2. 360° bend
Conduit bodies
A conduit body is used to provide access to wires placed within conduit. This
differs from a junction box, which both allows access for pulling wires and space
for splices. Conduit bodies are commonly referred to as "condulets", a term
trademarked by Cooper Crouse-Hinds company, a division of Cooper Industries.
Conduit bodies come in various types, moisture ratings, and materials, including
galvanized steel, aluminum, and PVC. Depending on the material, they use
different mechanical methods for securing conduit. Among the types are:
 L-shaped bodies ("Ells") include the LB, LL, and LR, where the inlet is in
line with the access cover and the outlet is on the back, left and right,
respectively. In addition to providing access to wires for pulling, "L" fittings
allow a 90 degree turn in conduit where there is insufficient space for a
full-radius 90 degree sweep (curved conduit section).

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 T-shaped bodies ("Tees") feature an inlet in line with the access cover and
outlets to both the cover's left and right.
 C-shaped bodies ("Cees") have identical openings above and below the
access cover, and are used to pull conductors in a straight runs as they
make no turn between inlet and outlet.
 Service "Ells" (SLBs), shorter with inlets flush with the access cover, are
frequently used where a circuit passes through an exterior wall from
outside to inside.
By using a conduit body in a run, you provide an opening for pulling the
conductors without having to mount a box. At the same time, you can make a
turnaround or go over an obstacle and maintain a neat conduit installation.

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The turn or 90° turn made by the conduit body does not count as one of the
four allowable bends in a run. As a matter of fact the conduit body is
identified as an outlet box.
One of the most common bends you will make in the field is the right-angle
bend, more commonly called a 90° bend or just a 90. It can be used for going
around an inside corner, into the top or bottom of a box from a horizontal
run, or over an object.
Anyone can make a 90° bend in a stick of conduit and then cut it off to make
it fit the situation, but this practice wastes time and material.
The secret is to find out where the bend is needed, mark the conduit
accordingly, and make the bend in the right place. This practice saves time
and material. Before you can determine where to place your bender on the
conduit, there are some things you must know.
First, there are two lengths on the conduit that must be considered, from one
end of the conduit to the 90° bend and then from the 90° bend to the other
end of the conduit.
The shorter of these two lengths is called the stub end, or simply the stub
(Figure 3-4A), and the longer is the running end. Second, the radius of the
bend takes up a part of the stub. This part of the stub is called take-up and is
shown in Figure 3-4B. The amount of take-up depends on the type and size of
the conduit you are bending (Table 3-1).
Figure 3-4. Conduit bending terms


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Table 3-1. Conduit take-up
Amount of Take-Up for 90° Bends Using an EMT Bender
Size and Type of Conduit Take-Up
1/2-inch EMT 6 inches
3/4-inch EMT or 1/2-inch

6 inches
rigid steel*
1-inch EMT or 3/4-inch

8 inches
rigid steel*
1 1/4-inch EMT or 1-inch

11 inches
rigid steel*
In the following example, you are going to make a 90° bend using 1/2-inch
EMT conduit and the EMT bender.
You are going to run the conduit from the top of a panel to the ceiling and
then horizontally along the ceiling. Measure from the top of the panel to the
ceiling. This will give you the stub length of 18 inches. Measure 18 inches
from the end of the conduit and make a mark (Figure 3-4).
Look at Table 3-1 to find out what the take-up is for 1/2-inch EMT conduit.
The take-up is 6 inches. Measure back 6 inches from the first mark toward
the end of the conduit and make a second mark as shown in Figure 3-5.

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Figure 3-5. Placing the bender to make a 90° bend
Hold the bender in one hand with the lip on the floor pointed toward the stub
end. Use the other hand to place the conduit in the bender.
Align the bender arrow with the take-up mark. Put one foot on the footrest
and hold the handle with both hands. To make the bend, apply pressure on
the footrest as you pull on the handle until the handle is parallel with the
floor. It is OK to go slightly beyond 90° with the bend, in fact it is preferred,
because it is easy to bring it back to 90°.
You should now have a 90° bend with an 18-inch stub (Figure 3-6). To see
whether the bend will fit properly, place it next to something that has a right
angle (for example, in the corner where the floor and wall meet).
Figure 3-6. 90° bend with an 18-inch stub

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If the bend is more than 90°, you can stand on the running end and push out
on the stub end, a little at a time, until it is 90°. If the stub is too short or if
the conduit is too long to push back, place the handle of the bender over the
end of the stub and, with one foot on the conduit on the floor, spring the stub
back (right-angle bends should always be made with the conduit and the
bender on the floor).
In this example, you are going to make a 90° bend in the conduit and run it
along the wall. The first thing you must do is establish a reference point using
the following steps:
Step 1. Measure the distance from the outside edge of the knockout to the
wall at box A (Figure 3-7).
Step 2. Transfer that measurement above box A and across from box B. Mark
a reference line (Figure 3-7).
Step 3. Measure the distance from the outside edge of the knockout to the
ceiling at box B (Figure 3-7).
Step 4. Transfer that measurement across from box B and above box A. Mark
a reference line. Where the two lines cross is the reference point (Figure 3-7).
Figure 3-7. 90° bend

NOTE
: Conduit will not go completely to a reference point and make a
90º turn. If it did,
the inside diameter would be decreased and the conduit would be
creased. Since the conduit is not going all the way to the

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reference point, you will gain distance on the conduit. In Table 3-
2, the "bender gain" for making 90º bends in conduit is shown.
Step 5. Measure from box A to the reference point and add this measurement
to the measurement between box B and the reference point. Deduct the gain
(Table 3-2). This will give you the length for the piece of conduit you need to
run between boxes A and B (Figure 3-7).

Table 3-2. Bender gain table
Size of Conduit 90° Gain
1/2-inch EMT 2 5/8 inches
3/4-inch EMT – 1/2-

3 1/4 inches
inch rigid steel
1-inch EMT – 3/4-

4 inches
inch rigid steel
1 1/4-inch EMT – 1-
5 5/8 inches
inch rigid steel
NOTE: When taking measurement for the length of conduit,

measure from the box itself, not from the box connector.
In the following example, you are going to run 1/2-inch EMT

from box "A" to box "B." The measurement from box "A" to the
reference point is 15 inches and from box "B" to the reference
point is 30 inches. Add the two measurements together to get the
total length of 45 inches. Deduct the "bender gain," which is 2
5/8 inches.
With this information, you know that you must subtract the "gain" so that the
conduit will not be too long (45 inches – 2 5/8 inches = 42 3/8 inches). Cut a
piece of conduit 42 3/8 inches long to go from box "A" to box "B." After the
EMT is cut and reamed, the next thing to do is bend offsets and then a 90 in
the conduit.

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An offset bend is two equal bends in opposite directions. It is used to avoid
contacting a part of the structure or to bring the conduit out from the
structure to match a knockout in a box or panel.
Figure 3-8 shows an offset into a utility box. The angle of the bends in an
offset depends on several things: the amount of offset that is needed, the
amount of room there is where the offset is going to be placed, and the type of
obstacle you are avoiding.
The offset shown is usually about 1/2 inch deep, and the bends are about 8º
angles. Often, these bends will need to be made on both ends of the conduit
to enter two boxes.
To make this type of offset, make a mark on each end of the conduit 1 1/2
inches from the ends. Make another mark at each end 4 1/2 inches from the
end.
Place the conduit in the bender on the 1 1/2-inch mark and make an 8º
angle bend on both ends. Turn the bender over and make bends on the 4
1/2-inch marks with the bender head in the air.
Once the bends are made, check them by placing the conduit on a flat
surface and putting a tape measure behind the conduit and measuring the
distance from the bottom of the conduit to the flat surface. If you do not have
a 1/2-inch offset, place the conduit back in the bender with the bender head
in the air and make adjustments until you have a 1/2-inch offset. The key to
making a good box offset is practice. Notice that after the bends are made, the
conduit sections on each end of the offset are parallel to each other.
Figure 3-8. Offset in a utility box

Table 3-3 is a guide for offsets. The following example shows how to figure
offsets. For example, if a 3-inch offset is needed, the distance between the

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bends would be 6 inches¾if the first mark was 2 inches from the end of the
conduit, the second mark would be at 8 inches from the end of the conduit.
The angle of bend would be 30º and the conduit length loss would be 3/4
inch; therefore, the conduit should be 3/4 inch longer to make up for the loss
(Figure 3-9).
Table 3-3. Guide for offsets
Distance
Angle of Conduit
Offset Depth Between
Bends Shortens
Bends
1 inch 6 inches 10 º 1/16 inch
2 inches 5 1/4 inches 22 1/2º 3/8 inch
3 inches 6 inches 30º 3/4 inch
4 inches 8 inches 30º 1 inch
5 inches 7 inches 45º 1 7/8 inch
6 inches 8 1/2 inches 45º 2 1/4 inches
7 inches 9 3/4 inches 45º 2 5/8 inches
11 1/4
8 inches 45º 3 inches
inches
12 1/2
9 inches 45º 3 3/8 inches
inches
10 inches 14 inches 45º 3 3/4 inches

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Figure 3-9. 3-inch offset
Table 3-4 shows an offset formula to use. The following paragraphs explain
how to use this table. Multiply the offset angle and the multiplier to find the
distance between the offsets.
The angle that you use depends on how much room there is on your site to
run the conduit. For example, if you need a 5-inch offset and use a 30º angle;
the constant multiplier would be 2 (5 X 2 = 10). The distance between the
bends would be 10 inches. The conduit length loss will be 1/4 inch of conduit
for every inch of offset; therefore, add 1 1/4 inch of conduit to the length.
Table 3-4. Offset formula
Conduct Length
Angle of offset Multiplier Loss per Inch of
Depth
10º 6 1/16 inch

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22 1/2º 2.6 3/16 inch
30º 2 1/4 inch
45º 1.4 3/8 inch
60º 1.2 1/2 inch
Place the marks for the bends 10 inches apart. Using the arrow of the bender,
make a 30º bend on the same side of each mark (Figure 3-9).
A 30º bend will give you the offset you need. If you make both bends inside
the marks, you will end up with much less than the desired offset. If you
make both bends outside the marks, you will have too much offset. The
amount of bend is obtained by using the degree markings on the bender.
Once the bends have been made, verify the offset depth by placing it on a flat
surface and measuring the distance from the bottom of the conduit to the flat
surface.
The back-to-back bend is actually two adjacent 90° bends made in the same
piece of conduit. Make the first 90° bend with a certain amount of stub as
described previously.
To determine where to place the bender for the second bend, you must first
have an outside-to-outside measurement. This measurement is the distance
from the back of the first bend to where you want the back of the second
bend.
You must then transfer this measurement to the conduit and make a mark.
The easiest way to make a back-to-back bend is to turn the bender around,
line up the star of the bender with your outside-to-outside measurement, and
pull the bend in the opposite direction (Figure 3-10).

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Figure 3-10. Back-to-back bend
3-3Types of Benders
3-4The procedures for making the different types of bends discussed this far
have all been with an EMT bender. The same bends can be made with a
hickey bender, although the procedures are slightly different. For instance,
to make a 90º bend in 1/2-inch rigid-steel conduit, several steps must be
used (Figure 3-11).
Figure 3-11. Making a 90° bend with a hickey bender

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In the following example, you are going to make a 90° bend with a 20-inch
stub in 1/2-inch rigid-steel conduit. The steps for making a bend with a
hickey bender are as follows:
Step 1. Make a mark 20 inches from the end of the conduit.
Step 2. Determine the take-up for 1/2-inch rigid-steel conduit (Table 3-1,
page 3-4).
Step 3. Make a second mark 6 inches back from the first mark toward the
end of the conduit.
Step 4. Place the bender at the second mark and make about a 30º bend.
Step 5. Move the bender toward the 20-inch mark (about 2 inches). Make
another 30º bend.
Step 6. Move the bender to where the heel of the bender is on the 20-inch
mark and complete the 90º bend.
Since the hickey bender does not usually have degree markings on it, you
must estimate the amount of bend you are making with each bite. Small bites
reduce the possibility of crimping or kinking the conduit.
Power benders are used for bending larger sizes of EMT and rigid-steel
conduit. They are also used where many bends must be made, regardless of
the size of the conduit. They come in many types and sizes. The most
common power bender is hydraulic. It is used to bend all types of bendable
conduit. Hydraulic benders use either a hand pump or an electric pump to
move a shoe that does the actual bending.
Figure 3-1 shows a hydraulic sweep bender that uses a hand pump. By using
different-size bending dies at different locations on the tie bar, the bender can
be used to bend several types and sizes of conduit.
The procedures for making the different types of bends with power benders
are very similar to those used with manual benders.
The main difference is that with power benders the take-up for 90º bends and
the distance between the bends for offsets will not be the same as those
shown in Table 3-1, Table 3-3. This is due to the fact that you are dealing
with larger sizes of conduit or the shoes of the bender give a different radius
of bend. Because there are so many different types and manufacturers of

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benders, be sure to check the manufacturer's instructions before making any
bends.
PVC is used primarily in underground or permanently wet locations and must

have a separate equipment grounding conduct installed. Allowance must be
made for this conductor when the maximum number of conductors permitted
by the NEC is calculated.
PVC elbows and offset fittings are available for standard bends. For other
bends, a special device called a hotbox must be used. The hotbox electrically
heats the PVC and softens it so that it can be bent to the desired shape
(Figure 3-12).
Before heating the PVC section (especially sizes 2 inches and larger), plug
both ends. This traps air in the conduit. The air, heated in the hotbed,
expands to prevent kinks or dislocation of the conduit when it is bent.
Figure 3-12. Hotbox
PVC is durable, easy to work with, and moderate in cost. It is particularly well
suited to areas where resistance to moisture and corrosion is essential. The
main disadvantage of PVC is that joints cannot be taken apart after they are
cemented.

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SELF CHECK 2.1-3
A. Direction: Fill in the blank with a word or group of word that will
make the statement complete. Write your answer on a separate
answer sheet.
1. _____________ have identical openings above and below the access cover,
and are used to pull conductors in a straight runs as they make no turn
between inlet and outlet.
2. By using a ___________ in a run, you provide an opening for pulling the
conductors without having to mount a box. At the same time, you can
make a turnaround or go over an obstacle and maintain a neat conduit
installation.
3. One of the most common bends you will make in the field is the __________
bend. It can be used for going around an inside corner, into the top or
bottom of a box from a horizontal run, or over an object.
4. If the distance between bends is 6 inches and angle of bends is 30º,
conduit shortens in 3/4 inch. The offset depth is _________.
5. You need a 8-inch offset and use a 30º angle; The distance between the
bends would be __________.
6. _________ is easy to work with, and moderate in cost. It is particularly well
suited to areas where resistance to moisture and corrosion is essential.
7. All types of conduit must be _________ after they have been cut, if this is
neglected, it can destroy the insulation of wire during pulling in the
conduit.
8. _________ conduit is a light-gauge pipe often referred to as thin-wall
conduit.
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9. The wall thickness of EMT conduit is about __________ less than that of
rigid-steel conduit, and because of the thickness of EMT conduit, it can be
easily bent.
10. Rigid-steel conduit can be cut with either a _________ or a __________
.
11. When cutting any conduit with a hacksaw, use a blade with
__________ teeth per inch.
12. a _______is use to hold the pipe, it makes cutting and threading
much easier
13. Tighten the cutter just enough to score the pipe on the first turn.
Then, screw the handle in about __________ of a turn for each turn around
the conduit until the cut is complete.
14. A Cutting _______ can be used to ease the cutting action. This is
applied during the threading and it helps the cutting process by reducing
friction.
15. The EMT and PVC conduit should be cut with a ________ because
pipe cutters may flatten the end of the pipe.
B. Matching type: Read the statement in the column A and select

the appropriate answer in the column B. Write your answer in
the space provided.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____1. Cutting threads until two or A. 15mm
three threads extend beyond the die B. 900 mm
usually gives you a ________ thread. C. 3 000 mm
_____ 2. The EMT bender is capable of D. 100mm (4”)
making a full 90° bend with a ________ E. Rigid-steel
motion. conduit
_____3. the ________ are the rigid steel F. 10 feet
conduit bender, it can manually bend G. single
Conduit sizes up to 1 inch for rigid H. hickeys
steel . I. splices
_____4. Experience has taught that if J. "L"
more than 360° of bends are used, it is K. Rigid Metal
very _________ to pull conductors Conduit
through the bends. L. difficult
_____ 5. A conduit body is used to M. four quarter
provide access to wires placed within bends (360
conduit. This differs from a junction degrees total)
box, which both allows access for N. pull
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pulling wires and space for _______. O. full
______6. A _______ fittings allow a 90 P. Box
degree turn in conduit where there is
insufficient space for a full-radius 90
degree sweep.
______ 7. __________ is a listed metal
raceway of circular cross section with
integral or associated couplings,
approved for the installation of
electrical conductors and used with
listed fittings to provide electrical
continuity.
______ 8. Minimum size of Rigid metal
conduit is _________ electrical trade
size .
______ 9. 15mm electrical trade size
Rigid metal conduit needs a Radius of
conduit bends of __________ .
_______ 10. It is supported at interval
not exceeding of _________ for 15-20
mm rigid metal conduit,
_______11. .Maximum bends in one run
shall not be more than the equivalent
of ________ between pull points.
_______12. Rigid Metal Conduit shall be
securely fastened within ________ of
each box.
_______13. __________ provides the best
protection from physical abuse
because of its strength.
_______ 14. . A _______ box is used at
the mid-point for long runs of conduit.
________ 15. A full-length piece or stick
of rigid-steel conduit is _________ long.

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OPERATION SHEET 2.1-3
BENDING ELECTRICAL METALLIC CONDUIT

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this operation sheet the trainee should be able to bend
electrical metallic conduit.
Tools , Equipment and Material
1.HICKEY BENDER
2. Push pull rule
3. Pencil
4. RSC, EMT
STEPS AND PROCEDURES IN BENDING 90 DEGREES of ½ “ DIAMETER

CONDUIT USING HICKEY
1. Measure the required height of bend or take –up.

Example : 25 cm

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2. Mark the conduit on the given measurement.
3. From the first mark,

deduct 3 cm for ½
“conduit as reduce
and the second mark
will become the center
of bend of conduit.
4. From the center of

bend, measure and
mark at both ends the
length of radius which
10 cm or 4”.
5. When the diameter of

bend was
determined, divide it
by 1.5 cm apart by a
mark.

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6. Insert the ½ conduit to a bigger one to prevent big loop. Put it above
the wooden block with v-cut groove and position the hickey bender
to the conduit, point the arrow of hickey bender to the first mark at
one end.
7. Position your body as you get a good leverage and keep your foot
apart.
8. Maintain an equal pulling force to the conduit as you move the

hickey bender to every mark down to the center.

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9. When you reach the center mark of the bend, remove the Hickey
bender to make sure that the bend produce at least 45 degrees.
10. Use a steel square to check the bend if it is almost 45degrees

at its center of bend before you continue to bend the remaining
marks.
11. Continue to bend the remaining marks. Maintaining an equal

pull as you get to the last mark but watch that it should not be bent
beyond 90 degrees. Remove it again to check the bend.

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12. Put the conduit above the steel square to check the bend.
13. If the bend is not enough for 90 degrees, then add more bents
to it.
14. Measure the take off of the 90 degree bend , the length should
be the required height , if it exceed , you must cut and thread it
again.

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15. Lay it out to its actual location.
16. Insert the lock nut into thread at both ends of conduit and
tighten it using pipe wrench.
17. Insert again the end of conduit to panel board or boxes and
put the end bushing to the thread. Tighten the end bushing using
flat screw driver and hammer.

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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 2.1-3
BENDING ELECTRICAL METALLIC CONDUIT USING HICKEY
Name : _________________
Date : ________________
CRITERIA Competent
Yes No
1.BENDING A. Correct body position
B. Not Deformed or kink
C. Maintain the inside diameter
3.SPEED A. On time
A. Proper usage
4.PROPER USE B. Do not force the bender beyond
OF TOOLS AND its limit
EQUIPMENT C. Set the bender properly
C. Wear PPE
Feedback:
Satisfactory
Not Satisfactory

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Comments and suggestions :
Trainer’s Signature: _______________ Date : ________
Safety Procedures in Installing Lighting Fixtures
Safety procedures in installing electrical metallic conduit
Working with electricity is inherently dangerous, and even if you are careful, a
momentary lapse by yourself or even another person can cause injury, death or
damage to property. If you are the kind of person who has a hard time
concentrating on the task at hand then you might consider NOT doing electrical
wiring. Also, you need to honestly ask yourself if you can really be trusted to
ALWAYS do a conscientious good job. If not, then consider a career as a plumber
- they make good money, and people rarely die when they screw up.
Three bad things can happen when an electrician messes up:
 The electrician dies

 Someone else dies
 A building burns down resulting in massive financial loss
To avoid damage to the electrician:

1) Know what you are doing, otherwise don't do it.
2) Make SURE that the electricity is turned off.
3) Make SURE that the electricity will stay off.
4) Work as though the electricity is on.
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5) Pay attention to what you are doing - don't do wiring work if you are
distracted, sick or impaired.
To Avoid Damage to other people and property:

1) Know what you are doing, otherwise don't do it.
6) Pay attention to what you are doing
2) Check your work as you do it and immediately after completing each task
3) Follow the codes, and get your work inspected.
Know what you are doing
Wiring isn't brain surgery, but it isn't instinctive behavior either. Before you
start you need to have a good understanding of the basic concepts and
techniques.
Make Sure the Electricity is Off
1) Obviously turn off the breaker to the circuit you are working on. Don't EVER
trust the labels in the breaker box. The preferred thing to do is first turn on
something (light, radio, etc) that is at the actual location that you are going to
work on, and then observe that it goes off. If you do much work on old stuff
eventually you will find things that have been cobbled up and don't go off when
you think they should.
2) Confirm that the electricity is actually off by testing at the fixture you are
working on with a voltage tester.
3) After doing 1 and 2 use an insulated tool to short the hot to the ground in the
equipment you are working on. If sparks don't fly then all is well.
Make Sure that the Electricity STAYS Off
1) Notify everyone in the area that you are working on the electricity, and warn
everyone not to meddle with it. Teenagers are particularly likely to arbitrarily
turn on the electricity so they can watch TV or get on myspace - without check
into why it is off.
2) Unless you can clearly see the breaker panel from where you will be working,
put a breaker lock on your breaker. If you don't have a breaker lock, then at
least seal the breaker box with tape and a bold note warning not to turn the
electricity on. A breaker lock with the key in your pocket is best.
Work as Though the Electricity is On
If you think this is a joke then do this: Go to a construction site where

electricians are working, and ask to take a look at their screwdrivers and wire
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cutters. Smart money bets you will find a tool or two that has electrical burns on
it. What does that tell you?
1) Wear good shoes or boots that have nice thick insulated soles.
2) Avoid working on wet ground or floors. Never work on a panel or other live
work while standing in water, or while you are wet.
3) Use tools with insulated handles.
4) Make a habit of not touching a ground with one hand while you work with the
other hand. That way if you get shocked it won't be as severe. Some guys put
one hand in their pocket if they are working on something hot.
5) Wear eye protection. Arc melted copper in the eye really sucks.
6) If you will be using a ladder it should be made of fiberglass or another non-
conductive material.
Pay Attention to What You are Doing
The leading causes of electrical fires are loose connections. The leading causes of
loose connections are distracted electricians. Cultivate good work habits, and
eliminate distractions from your work place - including the customers. Most
people don't perform at their peak while being grilled by the customer. Tell them
that in the interest of safety you will take a break - on the clock - while they
conduct their business with you. If that doesn't keep it brief you aren't charging
enough.
Check Your Work
After you make each connection give it a tug. After you complete a task turn on
the juice and test it. Use a voltage tester to make sure that metal housings aren't
electrified.

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Self-Check 2.1-4
MATCHING TYPE :
COLUMN A COLUMN B
______ 1. Working with electricity is inherently A. Know what you are
_______, and even if you are careful, a momentary doing, otherwise don't do
lapse by yourself or even another person can cause it.
injury, death or damage to property B. Follow the codes, and
______2 . Bad things can happen when an get your work inspected.
electrician messes up. C. Ground
_______3. To avoid damage to the electrician D. Dangerous
______ 4. To Avoid Damage to other people and E. Severe
property F. A building burns down
______ 5. Make a habit of not touching a _____ with resulting in massive
one hand while you work with the other hand. That financial loss
way if you get shocked it won't be as severe. Some
guys put one hand in their pocket if they are
working on something hot.

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Answer Key 2.1-4
1. D
2. F
3. A
4. B
5. C

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Learning Outcome 2: Install Wire Ways and Cable Trays
CONTENTS:
 PEC/NEC provisions on wire ways and cable trays

 Procedures in installing wire ways and cable trays
 Safety procedures in installing wire ways and cable trays
1. Wire ways and cable trays are installed according to the latest edition of
2. Wire ways and cable trays are installed according to the job
requirements
4. Safety procedures in installing wire ways and cable trays are strictly
CONDITIONS:
o Lineman’s pliers o Wireways and cable trays and
o Long nose pliers its associated fittings
o Diagonal cutting pliers
o Set of screw driver  Learning Materials

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oClaw hammer o Learning elements
oHacksaw o Books and manuals
oMeasuring tools o Philippine Electrical
oPipe vise Code/National Electrical Code,
oSimulated Latest Edition
workplace/actual
workplace
o Ladder
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Demonstration
Resources
1. Azares, Efren F. and Recana, Cirilo B. Practical Electricity III; Adriana
Publishing: 1999.
2. Agpaoa, Feleciano. Interior and Exterior Wiring Troubleshooting; National
Bookstore: 1991.
Learning Outcome 2: Installing Wire Ways and Cable Trays

sheet 2.2-1 on PEC/NEC module; provide extra paper in
Provisions on Wire Ways and doing the self-check.
Cable Trays  If you have some problem on the
facilitator.

the module
2. Answer self-check 2.2-1  Compare your answer to the
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sheet 2.2-2 on Procedures in module; provide extra paper in
Installing Wire Ways and Cable doing the self-check.
Trays.  If you have some problem on the
facilitator.

the module.
4. Answer self-check 2.2-2  Compare your answer to the

5. Read operation sheet 2.2-1 in  Ask the instructor in performing

Install Wire Ways and Cable the operation sheet to supply you
Trays. the necessary tools and
equipment in Installing Wire Ways
and Cable Trays.
 . Follow the given steps and
element.
2.2-1
 If you pass, you can proceed to
the next activity.

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PEC/NEC PROVISIONS IN WIRE WAYS AND CABLE TRAYS
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this operation sheet the trainee should be able to apply
PEC/NEC provisions in wire ways and cable trays.
Wire ways are units of assembly of troughs used for housing and
protecting electric wire and cable and in which conductors are laid in place after
the wire way has been installed as a complete system.
Provisions for Metal Wire Ways and Cable Trays

1. No conductor larger than that for which the wire way is designed shall be
installed in any wire way.
2. Shall not contain more than 30 current carrying conductors at any cross
section.
3. Where insulated conductor are defected within the wire way of greater
than 30 degrees.
4. Splices and top shall be permitted within a wire way provided.
5. Dead end of wire way shall be closed.
6. Extensions from wire ways shall be made with cord pendants.
7. Wire ways shall be marked so that their manufacturers name or
trademark will be visible after installation.
8. Grounding shall be in accordance with the provision of Article 2.50 of PEC.
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Provisions for Non Metallic Wire Ways and Cable Trays
Uses Permitted:
1. Only for exposed work, except as permitted.

2. Where subject to corrosive vapors.
3. In wet location where listed for the purpose
Uses Not Permitted
1. Where subject to physical damage.

2. In any hazardous location, except as permitted
3. Where exposed to sunlight values listed and marked as suitable for the
purpose.
4. Where subject to ambient temperature.
5. For conductors whose insulation temperature limitation would exceed
those for which the non – metallic wire way is listed.
Other Article for Non Metallic Wire Ways and Cable Trays
1. No conductor larger than that which non metallic wire way is

designed shall be installed.
2. Number of conductors shall not exceed 20 percent of the interior
cross sectional area.
3. Splices and taps, shall not fill more than 75 percent of its cross
sectional area.
4. Dead end of non metallic wire way shall be closed using listed
fitting.
5. Extension shall be made with cord pendant.
6. All have limited smoke producing characteristics.
Electrical Wire ways

Wire ways are designed to protect
electrical wires from dust, dirt, water and
oil. They are available in various styles,
sizes and fittings for use for wide range of
voltages. They are often used to house
and protect power and communications
cables for commercial, institutional,
industrial and utility needs. these wire way systems consist of wire way and
appropriate fittings to complete the installation per the electrical drawings.

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Electrical wire ways often furnished with polyester powder coat paints. They are
available with factory installed dividers to separate power and low voltage wiring
housed in the same wire way sections. the material thickness based on wire way
dimensions according to requirements.
The base and cover of wire ways are factory assembled and fitted with wing nuts
and screws for positive latching. Some wire way bases are provided with
electrical knockouts. They are available with spectrum dimensions like wide and
deepness.
Types of Wire Ways
1. Metal Wire Way – are sheet metal through with hinged or removable
covers for housing and protecting electric wire and cable and in which
conductors are laid in place after the wire way has been installed as a
complete system.
Commercial Metal Wire ways
These electrical cable raceways are widely used in various industries to carry
cables. The cover can be lock with the help of self locking screws

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These surface metal raceways are available with dividers to separate the cables.
The covers are screw type. These raceways are available with pre-galvanized
coated.
2. Non Metallic Wire Way – are flame retardant, non metallic through with
removable covers for housing and protecting electric wire and cables in
which conductors are laid in place after the wire way has been installed
as a complete system.
Non Metallic Wire way
Non-metallic systems are a functional, affordable, attractive solution to enclose

wires in commercial, industrial and residential environments.

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SELF CHECK 2.2-1
1. Non-metallic wire ways are permitted to use in location subject to

____________- vapors.
2. Non-metallic wire ways are not permitted to use in location subject
to _________ damage.
3. Splices and top shall be __________ within a wire way provided.
4. Number of conductors shall not exceed _______ percent of the
interior cross sectional area of non-metallic wire ways.
5. ____________ are designed to protect electrical wires from dust, dirt,
water and oil.
6. __________ are flame retardant, non metallic through with
removable covers for housing and protecting electric wire.

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Answer Key 2.2-2
1. Corrosive Vapor
2. Severe
3. Permitted
4. 20 percent
5. Ventilated wire ways
6. Non-metallic wire way

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OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this information sheet the trainee should be able to identify
cable tray.
Cable tray
A cable tray system is used to support

insulated electric cables used for power distribution
and communication. Cable trays are used as an
alternative to open wiring or electrical
conduit systems. Cable trays are commonly used for
cable management in commercial and industrial
construction. Cable trays are especially useful where
changes to a wiring system are anticipated, since
new cables can be installed by laying them in the
tray, instead of pulling them through a pipe.
Types

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Several types of tray are used in different applications. A solid-bottom tray
provides the maximum protection to cables, but requires cutting the tray or
using fittings to enter or exit cables.
A deep, solid enclosure for cables is called a cable channel or cable trough.
A ventilated tray has openings in the bottom of the tray, allowing some air
circulation around the cables, water drainage, and allows some dust to fall
through the tray. Small cables may exit the tray through the ventilation
openings, which may be slots or holes punched in the bottom.
Ladder-type tray has the cables supported by a traverse bar, like the rungs of a
ladder, at regular intervals on the order of 4 to 12 inches (100 to 300 mm).
Ladder and ventilated trays may have solid covers to protect cables from falling
objects, dust, and water. Tray covers for use outdoors or very dusty locations
may have a peaked shape to shed snow, ice or dust.
Where a great number of small cables are used, such as for telephone or
computer network cables, lighter cable trays are appropriate. These may be
made of wire mesh, called "cable basket", or may take the form of a single
central spine (rail) with ribs to support cable on either side, a little like a fish
spine and ribs.
Large power cables laid in tray may require support blocks to maintain spacing
between conductors to prevent overheating of wires. Smaller cables may be laid
unsecured in horizontal trays, or can be secured with cable ties to the bottom of
vertically-mounted trays.
Various clamping, supporting and splicing accessories are used with cable tray
to provide a complete functional tray system. For example, different sizes of
cable tray used within one run can be connected with reducers.
Materials used
Common cable trays are made of galvanized steel, stainless steel, aluminum, or

glass-fiber reinforced plastic. The material for a given application is chosen
based on the corrosion resistance required for the location. Fire safety concerns
and solutions

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Combustible cable jackets may catch on fire and cable fires can thus spread
along a cable tray within a structure. This is easily prevented through the use of
fire-retardant cable jackets, or fireproofing coatings applied to installed cables.
Heavy coatings or long fire-stops may require adjustment of the cable current
ratings, since such fireproofing measures may reduce the heat dissipation of
installed cables.
Proper housekeeping is important. Cable trays are often installed in hard to

reach places. Combustible dust and clutter may accumulate if the trays are not
routinely checked and kept clean.
Plastic and fiberglass reinforced plastic cable trays are combustible; the effect is
mitigated through the use of fire retardants or fireproofing.
1. Ladder Cable Tray

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Typically used by paper mills, power plants and industrial construction
requiring strength and reliability.
 Cable Tray Rung Spacings: 9", 12" and 18"
 Cable Tray Load Depths: 3" through 5"

Materials available: Aluminum, Steel, Steel HDGAF, Stainless Steel, PVC-coated
Aluminum or Steel Cable Trays.
Ladder cable trays consist of two longitudinal side members connected by

individual transverse members and provide solid side rail protection and system
strength with smooth radius fittings and a wide selection of materials and
finishes. Generally used in applications with intermediate to long support spans
of 12 feet to 30 feet and as power cable or control cable support system.
2. Channel Cable Tray
Channel Tray is a channel cable tray system consisting of one piece, ventilated

or solid bottom section, designed for use with a single power cable or multiple
control or single circuit cables.
 Typically used by all industries to carry smaller instrumentation, data

communications, computer, telephone, control and fiber optic cable
 Ventilated or solid bottom design
 Furnished 1-3/4" deep and 4" or 6" wide
 Compact size makes it easier to position around and connect to equipment
 Available in aluminum, mill-galvanized steel, steel HDGAF, stainless steel
and PVC-coated aluminum or steel
Channel Cable Trays consist of a one-piece, ventilated

or solid bottom channel section, providing an
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economical support for cable drops and branch cable runs from the backbone
cable tray system. Generally used for installations with a limited numbers of
cables when conduit is undesirable and single power cable or multiple control or
signal circuit cables are being supported. Support frequency with short to
medium support spans of 5 to 10 feet.
3. Trough Cable Trays
Trough Tray is a cable tray consisting of ventilated or solid bottom contained

within longitudinal side members. The solid bottom trough tray is used to carry
smaller instrumentation, data communications, computer, telephone, and
control and fiber optic cable from one location to another.
 Solid bottom designs, many with 22 gauge corrugation that is 3 times

stronger and 21 times stiffer than 14 gauge flat sheet bottoms
 Corrugated seams between jointing sections eliminate need for bottom
seam splices
 Load Depths: 3" through 5-1/2"
 Materials available: Aluminum, Mill-galvanized Steel, Steel HDGAF,
Stainless Steel, PVC-coated Aluminum or Steel
 Meets NEMA 8A to 20C+
It consists of a ventilated or solid bottom contained within longitudinal side

members. Provides moderate ventilation with added cable support frequency
and with the bottom configuration providing cable support every 4 inches.
Available in metal and nonmetallic materials. Generally used with control and
instrumentation cables in moderate heat generating applications with short to
intermediate support spans of 5 feet to 12 feet.
4. Single Rail Cable Tray

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Single Rail Cable Tray
It saves time and money in those lighter-duty cable support projects that do not
require traditional dual side rail cable tray. A single hanger rod is used at each
support point. This reduces support requirements and eliminates pulling cable
through the supports, as cables can be layed in on both sides. Very few fittings
and variations, as well as single bolt connections, add to the simplicity and lower
the cost of installation on this system.
. It saves time and money
 No elbow fittings required

 50% less labor
 75% less components and hardware than standard trays
 Pre-attached top and bottom rung designs
 Meets NEMA 12B and 12C
Single Rail Center Supported Cable Trays Aluminum cable trays save time and
money in lighter-duty cable support projects that do not require a traditional
dual side rail. The fastest cable support systems to install and provide the
maximum freedom fort cable to enter and exit the system. Single Rail Cable
Trays are generally used for low voltage and power cables installations where
maximum cable freedom, side fill, and speed to install are factors.
5. Cable Way Cable Tray

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Benefits are:
 Economical Cable Support
 Easy Installation
 Fully Enclosed Cable Tray System
 Smooth, Solid Bottom and Cover
 Hides Cables from View
 Quick Shipment
 Available in Aluminum, Pre-Galvanized, and Galvanneal (Paint Ready)
Cable Way is an economical and easy cable support system. When covers
are utilized it becomes a fully enclosed cable support system. The smooth solid
bottom and cover hide cables from view when aesthetics are important.
6. Fiberglass Cable Tray
Fiberglass Cable
Tray

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 Corrosion Resistance
 Strength and Durability
 Fire Retardant
 Bonded Construction
Fiberglass Cable Tray systems have been tested and
proven in the harsh environment of the offshore Oil & Gas
industry. The Fiber glass Cable Tray had almost the
same load capacity of steel, plus the inherent
characteristics afforded by Pultrusion Technology: non-
conductive, non-magnetic, and corrosion-resistant. These
characteristics reduce shock hazard and make our cable
tray transparent to radio waves, radar and microwaves.
Although light in weight, the strength to weight ratio

surpasses that of equivalent steel products. The
Fiberglass tray weighs 1/3 that of steel trays and is pound
for pound stronger. This makes the tray easy to install,
reduces the possibility of lifting accidents, and lowers
transportation costs.
Fiberglass Cable Tray is available in both polyester and

vinylester resin systems. They are manufactured to meet
ASTM E-84, Class 1 Flame Rating and self-extinguishing
requirements of ASTM D-635. It will not rust, nor does it
ever require painting. The tray is available in two colors:
gray (polyester resin) and beige (vinylester resin), with
custom colors available upon request.
A surface veil is applied during the pultrusion process to

ensure a resin-rich surface for superior corrosion
resistance, as well as an ultraviolet exposure barrier.
From paper mills to refineries to laboratories, sound

electrical design requires an adaptable cable support
system that is reliable.
Durability and resistance to corrosion lead to lower overall

costs during the life of the installation.

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7. Wire Mesh Wire Basket Cable Tray
Wire Mesh Cable Tray is the one of the many industry leading cable
management systems. Specifically designed for sensitive cable applications and
it is designed to be the simplest, most cost effective wire mesh cable tray
management system available. It is manufactured utilizing high strength steel
wire, providing a strong, yet lightweight support system that is perfect for today's
high tech cabling needs.
Wire Mesh and Wire Basket cable trays offer better support data communication
and fiber optic cabling in addition to saving time and money in those lighter-
duty cable support projects for Job site, field adaptable support system primarily
for low voltage, telecommunication and fiber optic cables. Wire Mesh cable trays
are available in galvanized, zinc plated, painted, PVC coated and stainless steel,
wire mesh. Wire Mesh tray cable trays are generally used for telecommunication
and fiber optic applications and are installed on short support spans, 4 to 8 feet.

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80Cutting Wire Mesh Wire Basket
TOOLS
1 Wire mesh cutter
1 Electrical plier
1 Claw hammer
MATERIALS
1 Wire Mesh 12” wide tray
1. The example below shows the cutting pattern that would be used to
create a 90 Degree Bend on 12" Wide Tray. To make a tighter radius, only
leave one row in between the sections that are cut.
2. The example below shows the cutting pattern that would be used to
create a 45 Degree
Bend on 12" Wide
Tray. To make a
tighter radius,
only leave one row
in between the
sections that are
cut.

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A. Types of Cable Tray Fittings
To maintain support of cables at changes of elevation or direction of a tray, a
large number of specialized cable tray fittings are made compatible with each
style (and manufacturer) of tray.
Horizontal elbows change direction of a tray in the same plane as the bottom
of the tray and are made in 30, 45 and 90 degree forms; inside and outside
elbows are for changes perpendicular to the tray bottom. Tees , crosses, and
other shapes exist. Some manufacturers and types provide adjustable elbows,
useful for field-fitting a tray around obstacles or around irregular shapes.
1. Straight is used to tap two end of cable tray to extend its length.
2. L Junction is a cable tray fitting which is commonly used when the

junction is made at the corner or to make right angle turn.

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3. T Junction is a type of fitting which is used to adopt cable tray in
straight and tee joining
4. X Junction
5. Reducer
is a type
of fitting
which is
used to
adopt
cable tray
when it
change in
size.

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Cable Tray Materials
1 manage cable runs with clips,
clamps or staples
1. Fasten or label cables

with a variety of ties
2. Safely secure cable bundles
3. The cable tray straight and junction sections are

easily joined together using installer-friendly
splice washer’s kits. The kit contains one 1/4"-20 bolt
washer, one splice washer, and one flanged hex nut.
Material is zinc plated steel.
4. split bolt
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Self-check 2.2-2
Matching Type: Read the statement carefully in the column A and choose the
correct answer in the column B to make the statement complete.
Column A Column B
___D__ 1. ______is a type of fitting which is used to A. Ladder cable trays
adopt cable tray when it change in size. B. solid bottom trough
___L__ 2. A _______ is used to support insulated tray
electric cables used for power distribution and C. Straight
communication. D. Reducer
E. Cable Way
___H__ 3. _____is a type of fitting which is used to
F. L Junction
adopt cable tray in straight and tee joining.
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___A__ 4. _______consist of two longitudinal side G. Fiberglass Cable
members connected by individual transverse Tray systems
members and provide solid side rail protection and H. T Junction
I. Cable tray
system strength with smooth radius fittings and a
J. wire mesh cable tray
wide selection of materials and finishes. K. Fittings
__F___ 5. ______is a cable tray fitting which is L. cable tray system
commonly used when the junction is made at the
corner or to make right angle turn.
___B__ 6. The ________is used to carry smaller
instrumentation, data communications, computer,
telephone, and control and fiber optic cable from
one location to another.
___C__ 7. ______is used to tap two end of cable tray
to extend its length.
___E__ 8. ______ is an economical and easy cable

support system. When covers are utilized it becomes
a fully enclosed cable support system. The smooth
solid bottom and cover hide cables from view when
aesthetics are important.
___J__ 9. Specifically designed for sensitive cable
applications and it is designed to be the simplest,
most cost effective ________management system
available.
__G___ 10. _______have been tested and proven in
the harsh environment of the offshore Oil & Gas
industry. The Fiber glass Cable Tray had almost
the same load capacity of steel
Install Wire Ways and Cable Trays

Given the tools, supplies and materials you will be able to
install wire ways and cable trays
Tools
 Linesman’s Pliers
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 Long nose Pliers
 Diagonal cutting Pliers
 Gimlet
 Level Bar
 Try Square
 Push Tape Rule
 Claw Hammer
 Set of Screw Driver
 Chalk line Reel
 Plumb Bob
 Cross Cut Saw
 Cold Chisel
 Cable Tray
 Cable Bridge
 Flat Bar/Brackets
 Fastening device for wood, concrete and steel
 Ladder
Procedures
1. Prepare the area for the installation of cable tray.
2. Prepare all the equipment tools and materials.
3. Assemble the cable tray as per company standard.
4. Follow personal safety in installing cable tray according to
established standard.
5. Strictly get in touch with layout in installing cable tray.
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 2.2-2

Installing Wire Ways and Cable Trays
CRITERIA Competent
Yes No
1.LEVELNESS A. Verticality
B. Horizontality
2.MEASUREMENT A. Not more than 3mm
acceptable tolerance

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3.SUPPORT AND A. Correct spaces of support
FASTENER and fastener
B. Firmness
3.SPEED A. On time
A. Proper usage
4.PROPER USE OF B. Tighten lightly the jacking
TOOLS AND screw and rotate twice
EQUIPMENT C. Blade not broken
Feedback to Candidate:
The candidates overall performance:
Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Candidates Name: Date:
Assessors Name: Date:
Learning Outcome 3: Install Telephone Terminal Cabinets and

Frame
CONTENTS:
 PEC/NEC provisions on telephone terminal cabinet

 Procedures in installing telephone terminal cabinet trays
 Safety procedures in installing telephone terminal cabinet

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1. Telephone terminal cabinet is installed according to the latest edition of
2. Telephone terminal cabinet are installed according to the job
requirements
4. Safety procedures in installing telephone terminal cabinet are strictly
CONDITIONS:

o Lineman’s pliers o Telephone terminal cabinet and
o Long nose pliers associated fittings
o Diagonal cutting pliers  Learning Materials
o Set of screw driver o Learning elements
o Claw hammer o Manuals
o Hacksaw o Books and
o Philippine Electrical
Code/National Electrical Code,
Latest Edition
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Demonstration
Resources
1. Philippine Electrical Code; Year 2000 Edition; Volume I by the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of
the Philippines. First Printing June 2002.
Learning Outcome 3: Install Telephone Terminal Cabinet

sheet 2.3-1 on PEC/NEC module; provide extra paper in
Provisions on Telephone Terminal doing the self-check.
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Cabinet  If you have some problem on
the content of the information
sheet don’t hesitate to approach
your facilitator.

knowledgeable on the content
of the information sheet, you
can now answer self-check
provided in the module.

2. Answer self check 2.3-1 to test answer key 2.3-1. If you can
your knowledge on installing satisfy this self-check, you may
telephone terminal cabinet. now proceed to the next
3. Perform Operation Sheet 2.3-1  Consider warning of installing

about installing of telephone telephone terminal cabinet
terminal cabinet.  Rate your performance based on
the assessment criteria.
 If you do not pass the criteria go
back to the operation sheet of
installing telephone terminal
cabinet
Provisions of Installing Telephone Terminal Cabinet
Cabinet, according to Philippine Electrical code must have doors and are
thus distinguished from large boxes with covers consisting of plates attached
with screws and bolts.

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The Philippine Electrical code requires that all boxes used to enclose
operating apparatus, i.e., Apparatus having moving parts or requiring inspection
or attention
Telephone Terminal Wall Cabinet Specifications
1. Generally inside terminal room are preferred. This

allows for access to power for telephone equipment.
With engineering approval wall Cabinets are
acceptable for buildings less than 20,000 square feet
with external mounted SRP power cabinets. If power is
provided in an inside terminal room Saddleback will collocate with them.
2. Sun West Engineering, Inc. MPOP-09604808 cabinet is the only one
approved by Saddleback Communications engineering. Other cabinets may
be used but must be approved prior to installation.
3. An area 8’ in front of the cabinet must be kept clear for technician access.
4. One isolated 20 Amp breaker circuit is extended to plywood backboard
inside the cabinet is to be provided.
5. One #6 insulated copper wire terminated at the main power service panel
ground bus bar at one end and the other end terminated on a suitable buss
bar located on the left side of the cabinet near the splice compartment is to be
provided.
6. All access handles to accommodate a padlock.

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7. Two 4” conduits equipped with calibrated mule tape are provided for
Saddleback Communications facilities. Both enter on the left side of the
cabinet. Point off feed locations will be provided by Saddleback Engineering.
8. A maximum on four three foot radius 90 degree bends are allowed in each
pulling section.
Small Telephone Cabinet

This cabinet is ideally suited for installations in
factories, offices, leisure centres and public buildings. The
cabinet has an IP 65 weather rating and is therefore
suitable for locations where the telephone has to be
protected from water or dust. It is also suitable for use with
emergency telephones.
Colours: Red door screen with white handset and 'Telephone',

Green door screen with white handset and 'Telephone',
Black handset logo on light grey colour door.
Dimensions: H290mm W250mm D150mm
RM Telephone Cabinet
Rotationally moulded in medium density polyethylene, the
RM telephone cabinet is extremely robust and resilient to
impact. Its door features a telephone handset logo and is
made of a double wall construction for increased strength
and rigidity.
A barrel lock is incorporated into the neatly recessed handle for security. Positioned on
the inside back wall of the cabinet is a 280mm x 375mm board for securing telephone
instruments. IP 55 rating. Post or wall mounting.
Colours: Blue, Red, Yellow, Green


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Steel Telephone Cabinet
Manufactured in mild steel with a stone
colour powder coat paint finish. This
cabinet offers a higher level of security and
can be supplied with a standard locking
handle, or a padlock handle.
Suitable for internal or external installations having an IP66 weather

rating.
Colours: Red door screen with white handset and 'Telephone'

Green door screen with white handset and 'Telephone'
White door screen with Black handset logo
Telephone Cabinet, Type 1

Telephone Cabinets house telephone and communication cable terminations as well as electrical
controls and instruments in indoor applications.

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T3-Box Telephone Cabinet
T-3 Box Telephone Cabinets to mount and protect telephone terminations, telecommunications
circuit accessories, cross-connect terminal block assemblies, maintenance terminal modules, cable-
splice enclosures, network interface devices, wire-guide assemblies and telephone protectors in
outdoor applications.
Type 3R Hinged Cover Telephone Cabinets are designed for use as a telephone
cabinet, panel enclosure, or junction box. These enclosures are ideal for outdoor
use to provide protection against rain, sleet, or snow, or indoors where dripping
water is a problem.
SELF-CHECK 2.3-1
Layout and install telephone terminal cabinet and frames.
A. Direction: On your answer sheet, write the letter of the correct

answer that describes each item.
These enclosures are ideal for outdoor use to provide protection
against rain, sleet, or snow, or indoors where dripping water is a
problem.
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a. Type 3R c. Type 1
b. Type T-3 d. Type RM
1.How many feet in front of the cabinet must be kept clear for
technician access?
a. An area 5’ c. An area 7’
b. An area 6’ d. An area 8’
2. It is used to enclosed telephone system and connections.
a. Junction Box c. Utility Box

b. Telephone Terminal Cabinet d. Fitting
3. What size of copper wire terminated at the main power service

panel ground bus bar should be used?
c. No. 5 AWG c. No. 7 AWG

d. No. 6 AWG d. No. 8 AWG
5. This telephone cabinet is extremely robust and resilient to impact.

a. Type 3R c. Type 1
b. Type T-3 d. Type RM
Operation Sheet 2.3-2
Install Telephone Terminal Cabinet
Learning Objectives: Given the tools, supplies and materials you will be able to
install telephone terminal cabinet
Supplies and Materials

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 Telephone terminal cabinet
 Frames
 Fitting
 Adhesive solvent
 Utility box
 Junction box
 Fastening device
- Bolts and nuts
- Screw with tux
Tools
 Lines Man’s Pliers
 Long Nose Pliers
 Diagonal Cutting
 Gimlet
 Level Bar
 Try Square
 Posh Tape Rule
 Claw Hammer
 Philip Screw Driver
 Flat Screw Driver
 Chalk line Reel
 Plumb Bob
 Cross Cut Saw
 Cold Chisel
Conditions
The following resources are needed:
1. Observe proper use of PPE.

2. The workplace must be free from obstruction.
3. The installed telephone terminal cabinet should conform to the drawing
plan details and standard.

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Working Drawing
Installation of telephone terminal cabinet
Procedure
1. Prepare the area for the installation of telephone terminal cabinet and
frames.
2. Ready all the necessary tools materials equipment.
3. Follow the proper use of PPE for any protection, body protection, head
protection, hand and foot protection.
4. Remove the knockouts or create an entry points for conduit in the
telephone cabinet.
5. Ensures that mounting screws are installed in the upper and lower flanges
on the right and left side of the cabinet.
6. Check the vertical and horizontal alignment of the cabinet using testing
tool.
7. Locate the power and ground terminations at the top front side of the
cabinet backplane.

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8. Observe housekeeping activities.
Performance Criteria Checklist 2.3-2

Installing Telephone Terminal Cabinet
Name : __________________
Date : ___________________
Criteria Competent
Yes No
. Prepared the area for the installation of telephone
terminal cabinet and frames.
 Followed the proper use of PPE for any
protection, body protection, head protection, hand
and foot protection.
 Removed the knockouts or create an entry
points for conduit in the telephone cabinet.
 Ensured that mounting screws are installed in
the upper and lower flanges on the right and left
side of the cabinet.
 Checked the vertical and horizontal alignment
of the cabinet using testing tool.
 Located the power and ground terminations at
the top front side of the cabinet backplane.
 Observed housekeeping activities.
Feedback:
Satisfactory
Not Satisfactory
Comments and suggestions :
Trainer’s Signature: ___________________ Date : _____________

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Learning Outcome 4: Install Cable Bridge
CONTENTS:
 PEC provisions on cable bridge

 Procedures in installing cable bridge
 Safety procedures in installing cable bridge
1. Cable bridges are installed according to the latest edition of Philippine

Electrical Code and National Electrical Code.
2. Cable bridge are installed according to the job requirements
4. Safety procedures in installing cable bridges are strictly observed
according OHS guidelines and procedures.
CONDITIONS:

o Lineman’s pliers o Cable bridge and associated
o Long nose pliers fittings
o Diagonal cutting pliers
o Set of screw driver  Learning Materials
o Claw hammer o Learning elements
o Hacksaw o Books and manuals
o Measuring tools o Philippine Electrical Code,
o Simulated Latest Edition
workplace/wiring booth
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Demonstration
Direct observation and questioning
Resources

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1. Azares, Efren F. and Recana, Cirilo B. Practical Electricity III; Adriana
Publishing: 1999.
2. Agpaoa, Feleciano. Interior and Exterior Wiring Troubleshooting; National
Bookstore: 1991.
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
Learning Outcome 4: Installing Cable Bridge
1. Read the attached information  Ask your instruction in the topic

sheet 2.4-1 on provisions for you cannot understand.
metal wire way
2. Answer self check 2.4-1 on  Refer to answer key

provisions of installing wire
ways.
3. Perform Operation Sheet 2.4-1 Evaluate performance using the

on Install cable bridge performance criteria checklist 2.4-1

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PEC/NEC PROVISIONS IN CABLE BRIDGE
Wire ways are units of assembly of troughs used for housing and
protecting electric wire and cable and in which conductors are laid in place after
the wire way has been installed as a complete system.
Provisions for Metal Cable Bridge

 No conductor larger than that for which the wire way is designed
shall be installed in any wire way.
 Shall not contain more than 30 current carrying conductors at any
cross section.
 Where insulated conductor are defected within the wire way of
greater than 30 degrees.
 Splices and top shall be permitted within a wire way provided.
 Dead end of wire way shall be closed.
 Extensions from wire ways shall be made with cord pendants.
 Wire ways shall be marked so that their manufacturers name or
trademark will be visible after installation.
 Grounding shall be in accordance with the provision of Article 2.50
of PEC.
Provisions for Non Metallic Cable Bridge
Uses Permitted:
 Only for exposed work, except as permitted.

 Where subject to corrosive vapors.
 In wet location where listed for the purpose.
 Uses Not Permitted
 Where subject to physical damage.

 In any hazardous location, except as permitted
 Where exposed to sunlight values listed and marked as
suitable for the purpose.
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 Where subject to ambient temperature.
 For conductors whose insulation temperature limitation would
exceed those for which the non – metallic wire way is listed.
Other article for non metallic cable bridge
 No conductor larger than that which non metallic wire way is designed
shall be installed.
 Number of conductors shall not exceed 20 percent of the interior cross
sectional area.
 Splices and taps, shall not fill more than 75 percent of its cross sectional
area.
 Dead end of non metallic wire way shall be closed using listed fitting.
 Extension shall be made with cord pendant.
 All have limited smoke producing characteristics.
Electrical Wire ways

Wire ways are designed to protect
electrical wires from dust, dirt, water and
oil. They are available in various styles,
sizes and fittings for use for wide range of
voltages. They are often used to house
and protect power and communications
cables for commercial, institutional,
industrial and utility needs. these wire way systems consist of wire way and
appropriate fittings to complete the installation per the electrical drawings.
Electrical wire ways often furnished with polyester powder coat paints. They are
available with factory installed dividers to separate power and low voltage wiring
housed in the same wire way sections. the material thickness based on wire way
dimensions according to requirements.
The base and cover of wire ways are factory assembled and fitted with wing nuts
and screws for positive latching. Some wire way bases are provided with
electrical knockouts. They are available with spectrum dimensions like wide and
deepness.
Types of Wire Ways
3. Metal Wire Way – are sheet metal through with hinged or removable
covers for housing and protecting electric wire and cable and in which

activities for
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conductors are laid in place after the wire way has been installed as a
complete system.
Commercial Metal Wire ways
These electrical cable raceways are widely used in various industries to carry
cables. The cover can be lock with the help of self locking screws

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These surface metal raceways are available with dividers to separate the cables.
The covers are screw type. These raceways are available with pre-galvanized
coated.
4. Non Metallic Wire Way – are flame retardant, non metallic through with
removable covers for housing and protecting electric wire and cables in
which conductors are laid in place after the wire way has been installed
as a complete system.
Non Metallic Wire way
Non-metallic systems are a functional, affordable, attractive solution to enclose

wires in commercial, industrial and residential environments.

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SELF CHECK 2.4-1

____________- vapors.
to _________ damage.
3. Splices and top shall be __________ within a wire way provided.
4. Number of conductors shall not exceed _______ percent of the
5. ____________ are designed to protect electrical wires from dust, dirt,
water and oil.
6. __________ are flame retardant, non metallic through with

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Answer Key 2.4-1
1. Corrosive
2. Severe
3. Permitted
4. 20 percent
5. Ventilated cable tray
6. Non metallic wire way

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INSTALL CABLE BRIDGE
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this operation sheet the trainee should be able to
install cable bridge.
Supplies and Materials
 Wire ways/C – furling

 Flat bar/brackets
 Fastening device for wood, concrete and steel
Tools
 Linesman’s Pliers
 Diagonal Cutting Pliers
 Gimlet
 Level Bar
 Try Square
 Push Tape Rule
 Claw Hammer
 Set of Screw Drivers
 Chalk line Red
 Plumb Bob
 Cross Cut Saw
 Cold Chisel
Conditions
1. Proper selection of conditioned tools.

2. The place for work must be hazard free.
3. The installed wire ways should appear as per drawing or layout shown.

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Procedures
1. Prepare the area for the layout and installation of wire ways.
2. Prepare all the necessary tools, materials and supplies.
3. Wear the appropriate PPE.
4. Layout wire ways in horizontal and vertical direction.
5. Measure the location of support for screw.
6. Install wire way and locate support prior to job requirements.
7. Observe good housekeeping.

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Performance Criteria Checklist 2.4-2
Installing Cable Bridge
CRITERIA Competent
Yes No
1.LEVELNESS A. Verticality
B. Horizontality
2.MEASUREMENT A. Not more than 3mm tolerance
3.SUPPORT AND A. Correct spaces of support and

FASTENER fastener
B. Firmness
3.SPEED A. On time
A. Proper usage
4.PROPER USE OF B. Tighten lightly the jacking
TOOLS AND screw and rotate twice
EQUIPMENT C. Blade not broken
C. Wear PPE
Feedback:
Satisfactory
Not Satisfactory
Comments and suggestions:
Trainer’s Signature: _________ Date:_______

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ASSESSMENT PLAN
Evidence Checklist
Competency
standard:
Unit of competency: Perform Roughing-in Activities for Communication
and Distribution
Title of Module Performing Roughing-in Activities for
Communication and Distribution
Ways in which evidence will be collected:
Demonstration
[tick the column]
Questioning
Observation
Third party
Portfolio
Written
Report
The evidence must show that the candidate
…
 L.O. 1
1.Electrical metallic conduits are installed

according to the latest edition of Philippine √
2.Electrical metallic conduits are installed
according to the job requirements. √
3.Tools /Equipment and materials needed for
the installation are prepared in line with job √ √
requirements.
4.Safety procedures in installing electrical
metallic conduits are strictly observed according √ √
to OHS guidelines and procedures.
L.O. 2
1.Telephone terminal cabinet is installed

2.Telephone terminal cabinet is installed
according to the job requirements. √

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3.Tools/equipment and materials needed for the
installation are prepared in line with job √ √
requirements.
4.Safety procedures in installing telephone
terminal cabinet are strictly observed according √ √
to OHS guidelines and procedures.
L. O. 3
1.Wire ways and cable trays are installed

2.Wire ways and cable trays are installed
√
according to the job requirements.
requirements.
4.Safety procedures in installing wire ways and
cable trays are strictly observed according to √ √
OHS guidelines and procedures.
L.O. 4
1.Cable Bridge is installed to the latest edition of
Philippine Electrical Code and National √
Electrical Code.
2.Cable Bridge is installed according to the job
√
requirements.
requirements.
4.Safety procedures in installing Cable Bridge
are strictly observed according to OHS √ √
guidelines and procedures.
NOTE: *Critical aspects of competency
Feedback to candidate:
The candidate’s overall performance was:
Satisfactory Not satisfactory
Trainee’s signature : Date:
Trainer’s Signature: Date:

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Demonstration Checklist
Trainee’s name:
Trainer’s name:
Institution :
Competency
standards
Unit of competency: Perform Roughing-in activities For Communication
and Distribution.
Instructions for the teacher:
1. Observe the student [insert description of activity being observed].
2. Describe the assessment activity and the date on which it was
undertaken.
3. Place a tick in the box to show that the student completed each aspect of
the activity to the standard expected in the enterprise.
4. Complete the feedback sections of the form.
Date of observation
Description of assessment
activity
Location of assessment
activity
The Trainee …. If yes, tick the box
Yes No
1. can perform cutting rigid metal conduit as per
job specification.
2. can perform threading rigid metal conduit as
per job specification.
3. can perform bending rigid metal conduit as per
job specification.
4. Can lay-out telephone terminal cabinet and
frame.
5. Can install telephone terminal cabinet and
frame.
6. Can lay-out wire ways as per PEC standards.
a. Metal moulding
b. Plastic moulding

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7. Can install cable trays as per job
specification.
8. Can lay-out Cable Bridge as per PEC
standards.
9. Can install Cable Bridge as per PEC
standards.
Feedback to trainee’s:
Trainee’s signature: Date:

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Observation and Questioning Checklist
Trainee’s name:
Trainer’s name:
School
Competency
standards
Unit of Perform Roughing-in Activities for Communication and
competency: Distribution
Instructions for the assessor:
1. Observe the student [insert description of activity being observed].
2. Describe the assessment activity and the date on which it was undertaken.
3. Place a tick in the box to show that the student completed each aspect of the activity to
the standard expected in the enterprise.
4. Ask the student a selection of the questions from the attached list to confirm his/her
underpinning knowledge
5. Place a tick in the box to show that the student answered the questions correctly.
6. Complete the feedback sections of the form.
Date of observation
Description of assessment
activity
Location of assessment
activity
The candidate…. If yes, tick the box
1. What is the number of conductors to be inserted if
the wire is 5.5mm square to a single conduit with a
diameter of 25mm?
2. What will happen if you forgot to ream the conduit
during wire pulling?
3. What will happen if you bend the Rigid Metal
conduit more than its recommended radius of bend?
4. Why you do need to use mica tube at every entry
points of wire in rigid metal conduit?
5. What are the steps/ procedures in installing rigid
metal conduit in a building?
6. What is the difference of rigid metal conduit to
cable tray in terms of pulling wires?

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7. Is it recommended to use adhesives in threads of
conduit? If yes/no why?
8. in a long conduit run, How many bends are
allowed as per PEC standard?
9. What might happen if you fail to check the
coupling and it is not fully fitted to its thread?
10. Where cable tray is used and applied for?
Feedback to trainee’s: Yes No
Trainee’s Signature : Date:

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Demonstration
Student’s name:
Trainer’s Signature:
Unit of competency: Perform Roughing-In Activities For
Communication and Distribution
Competency standards:
Date of assessment:
Time of assessment:
Instructions for demonstration
Given the necessary materials the student must be able to:
Materials and equipment:
P to show if evidence is
demonstrated
During the demonstration of skills, did the
Yes No N/A
candidate:
L.O. 1
1.Prepare needed electrical tools and

materials in installing metallic conduit in line o o o
with job requirements.
2. Install metallic conduits according to the
o o o
latest edition of Philippine Electrical Code.
3.Observe OHS guidelines and safety in
o o o
installing electrical metallic conduits.
o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o
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o o o
o o o
L.O. 2
1. Prepare needed electrical tools and

materials in installing wire ways/cable
o o o
tray/cable bridge in line with job
requirements.
2. Install wire ways/cable tray/cable bridge
according to the latest edition of Philippine o o o
Electrical Code.
3. 3.Observe OHS guidelines and safety in
installing electrical wire ways/cable o o o
tray/cable bridge.
L.O. 3
1. Prepare needed electrical tools and
materials in installing telephone terminal o o o
cabinet in line with job requirements.
2. Install telephone terminal cabinet
according to the latest edition of Philippine o o o
Electrical Code.
3. 3.Observe OHS guidelines and safety in
o o o
installing telephone terminal cabinet .
The student’s demonstration was:
Satisfactory q Not Satisfactory q
Did the student’s overall performance meet the Yes No
standard?
Trainee’s Signature : Date:

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ANSWER KEY
Self Check 2.1-3
A. Fill-in the blanks

7. C-shaped bodies
8. conduit body
9. right-angle
10. 3 inches
11. 16 inches
12. PVC
13. reamed
14. EMT
15. 40 percent
16. hacksaw or a pipe cutter
17. 18 to 32
18. vise
19. one-fourth
20. oil
21. hacksaw
B. Multiple Choice
1. full
2. single
3. hickeys
4. difficult
5. splices
6. "L"
7. Rigid Metal Conduit
8. 15mm
9. 100mm (4”)
10. 3 000 mm
11. four quarter bends (360 degrees total)
12. 900 mm
13. Rigid-steel conduit
14. pull
15. 10 feet

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SELF CHECK 2.4-1

corrosive vapors.
to physical damage.
9. Splices and top shall be permitted within a wire way provided.
10. Number of conductors shall not exceed 20 percent of the
11. Wire ways and cable troughs are designed to protect electrical
wires from dust, dirt, water and oil.
12. Wire Way are flame retardant, non metallic through with
ANSWER KEY 2.2-2

1.D
2.L
3.H
4.A
5.F
6.B
7.C
8.E
9.J
10.G
ANSWER KEY 2.1-2B

6. A
7. B
8. B
9. D
10. A

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Self Check 2.1-4
MATCHING TYPE :
COLUMN A COLUMN B
___D___ 1. Working with electricity is inherently A. Know what you are
_______, and even if you are careful, a momentary doing, otherwise don't do
lapse by yourself or even another person can cause it.
injury, death or damage to property B. Follow the codes, and
__F____2 . Bad things can happen when an get your work inspected.
electrician messes up. C. Ground
___A____3. To avoid damage to the electrician D. Dangerous
___B___ 4. To Avoid Damage to other people and E. Severe
property F. A building burns down
___C___ 5. Make a habit of not touching a _____ resulting in massive
with one hand while you work with the other hand. financial loss
That way if you get shocked it won't be as severe.
Some guys put one hand in their pocket if they are
working on something hot.

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Technical Education and Skills Development

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC II

PERFORM ROUGHING – IN ACTIVITIES FOR COMMUNICATION AND DISTRBUTION

PERFORMING ROUGHING – IN ACTIVITIES FOR COMMUNICATION AND DISTRBUTION

TECHNICAL EDUCATION & SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

EIM NC – 2 Date Developed: Document No.

Welcome to the Module “Performing Roughing-in Activities for

- The unit of competency “Perform Roughing-in Activities for kv

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

Qualification: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

EIM NC – 2 Date Developed: Document No.

Module Title: Performing Roughing-in Activities for

This module contains information and suggested learning activities on

NOMINAL DURATION: 112 HRS

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

EIM NC – 2 Date Developed: Document No.

EIM NC – 2 Date Developed: Document No.

Conduit Body – A separate portion of a conduit or tubing system that provides

Cable tray system- A unit or assembly of units or sections or and associated

Fittings – An accessory such as a locknut, bushing, coupling or other part of a

Flexible Conduit – Non-rigid metal conduit into which conductors may be

Raceway – An enclosed channel of metal or non metallic materials designed

Utilization Equipment – Equipment that utilizes electric energy for heating,

Weatherproof – Constructed or protected so that exposure to the weather will

EIM NC – 2 Date Developed: Document No.

 PEC provisions on electrical metallic conduits

1. Electrical metallic conduits are installed according to the latest edition

Students/trainees must be provided with the following:

 Tools and Equipment  Materials

Learning Outcome 1: Install Rigid Metallic Conduit

1. Read the attached information  Do not write anything on the

 If you feel that you are now

2. Answer Self-Check 2.1-1

3. Read the information sheet 2.1-

 If you feel that you are now

4. Self-Check 2.1-2A  Compare your answer to the

5. Perform operation sheet 2.1-2A in  Ask the instructor in performing

6. Read the attached information  Do not write anything on the

 If you feel that you are now

8. Perform the Operation Sheet 2.1-  Ask the instructor in performing

 If you feel that you are now

11. Self-Check 2.1-3  Compare your answer to the

13. Read information sheets  Do not write anything on the

 If you feel that you are now

EIM NC – 2 Date Developed: Document No.

PEC article 3.46 – Rigid Metal Conduit

EIM NC – 2 Date Developed: Document No.

Table 3.46.2.6. Radius of conduit bends

3.46.2.11. Bushings. Where a conduit enters a box, fittings or other enclosure, a

Conduit is a rugged, protective tube through which wires are pulled.

1-1 Rigid Steel Conduit

Figure 1-1. Rigid-steel conduit

The size of rigid-steel conduit is the inside-diameter measurement. Rigid-steel

A full-length piece or stick of rigid-steel conduit is 10 feet long. Galvanized-

EMT conduit is a light-gauge pipe often referred to as thin-wall conduit

Figure 1-2. EMT (thin-wall) conduit