Guidelines For Competency Based Postgraduate Training Programme For MD in Paediatrics
Guidelines For Competency Based Postgraduate Training Programme For MD in Paediatrics
Guidelines For Competency Based Postgraduate Training Programme For MD in Paediatrics
Preamble
The purpose of PG education is to create specialists who would provide high quality health care
and advance the cause of science through research & training.
A post graduate student after undergoing the required training should be able to deal effectively
with the needs of the community and should be competent to handle the problems related to his
specialty including recent advances. S/He should also acquire skills in teaching of medical/para-
medical students.
The purpose of this document is to provide teachers and learners illustrative guidelines to
achieve defined outcomes through learning and assessment. This document was prepared by
various subject-content specialists. The Reconciliation Board of the Academic Committee has
attempted to render uniformity without compromise to purpose and content of the document.
Compromise in purity of syntax has been made in order to preserve the purpose and content.
This has necessitated retention of “domains of learning” under the heading “competencies”.
A. Cognitive domain
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At the end of the MD course in Paediatrics, the students should be able to:
1. Recognize the key importance of child health in the context of the health priority
of country
2. Practice the specialty of Paediatrics in keeping with the principles of professional
ethics
3. Identify social, economic, environmental, biological and emotional determinants
of child and adolescent health, and institute diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitative,
preventive and promotive measures to provide holistic care to children
4. Recognize the importance of growth and development as the foundation of
Paediatrics and help each child realize her/his optimal potential in this regard
5. Take detailed history; perform full physical examination including neuro-
development and behavioral assessment and anthropometric measurements in the
child and make clinical diagnosis
6. Perform relevant investigative and therapeutic procedures for the paediatric patient
7. Interpret important imaging and laboratory results
8. Diagnose illness based on the analysis of history, physical examination and
investigations
9. Plan and deliver comprehensive treatment for illness using principles of rational
drug therapy
10. Plan and advice measures for the prevention of childhood disease and disability
11. Plan rehabilitation of children with chronic illness and handicap and those with
special needs
12. Manage childhood emergencies efficiently
13. Provide comprehensive care to normal, ‘at risk’ and sick neonates
14. Demonstrate skills in documentation of case details, and of morbidity and
mortality data relevant to the assigned situation
15. Recognize the emotional and behavioral characteristics of children, and keep
these fundamental attributes in focus while dealing with them
16. Demonstrate empathy and humane approach towards patients and their families
and keep their sensibilities in high esteem
17. Demonstrate communication skills of a high order in explaining management and
prognosis, providing counseling and giving health education messages to patients,
families and communities
18. Develop skills as a self-directed learner. Recognize continuing educational needs;
use appropriate learning resources and critically analyze published literature in
order to practice evidence-based Paediatrics
19. Demonstrate competence in basic concepts of research methodology and
epidemiology
20. Facilitate learning of medical/nursing students, practicing physicians, paramedical
health workers and other providers as a teacher-trainer
21. Implement National Health Programs, effectively and responsibly
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22. Organize and supervise the desired managerial and leadership skills
23. Function as a productive member of a team engaged in health car, research and
education.
24. Recognize mental conditions, characterized by self absorption, reduced ability
to respond, abnormal functioning in social interaction with or without repetitive
behavior, poor communication (autism) and collaborate with Psychiatrists/Child
Psychologists for the treatment of such patients.
All PG students joining the course should have an orientation session to acquaint
them with the requirements and other details. A plan for orientation session has
been given at Annexure 1.
B. Affective Domain:
C. Psychomotor domain
At the end of the course, the student should have acquired following skills:
Non-invasive monitoring of blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rates, saturation; ECG
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vii) Gram stain, ZN stain
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iii. Conducing clinical sessions for undergraduates medical students
iv. Desirable: writing and presenting a paper. Teaching sessions for nurses and medical workers
Syllabus
Course contents:
Guidelines
During the training period, effort must be made that adequate time is spent in discussing
child health problems of public health importance in the country or particular region.
Basic Sciences
Principles of inheritance, chromosomal disorders, single gene disorders,
multifactorial / polygenic disorders, genetic diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis,
pedigree drawing.
Embryogenesis of different organ systems especially heart, genitourinary system,
gastro-intestinal tract. Applied anatomy and functions of different organ systems.
Physiology of micturition and defecation; placental physiology; fetal and neonatal
circulation; regulation of temperature, blood pressure, acid base balance, fluid
electrolyte balance and calcium metabolism.
Vitamins and their functions.
Hematopoiesis, hemostasis, bilirubin metabolism.
Growth and development at different ages, growth charts; puberty and its regulation.
Nutrition: requirements and sources of various nutrients.
Pharmacokinetics of common drugs, microbial agents and their epidemiology.
Basic immunology, biostatistics, clinical epidemiology, ethical and medico-legal issues.
Teaching methodology and managerial skills.
Neonatology
perinatal care low birth weight
care in the labor room and resuscitation newborn feeding
prematurity respiratory distress
common transient phenomena apnea
infections anemia and bleeding disorders
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jaundice gastrointestinal disorders
neurologic disorders malformations
renal disorders understanding of perinatal medicine
thermoregulation and its disorders
Nutrition
maternal nutritional disorders; nutrition for the low birth weight
impact on fetal outcome breast feeding
infant feeding including vitamin and mineral deficiencies
complementary feeding
protein energy malnutrition obesity
adolescent nutrition parenteral and enteral nutrition
nutritional management of systemic illness (GI, hepatic, renal illness)
Cardiovascular
congenital heart diseases rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart
(cyanotic and acyanotic) disease
infective endocarditis arrhythmia
disease of myocardium diseases of pericardium
(cardiomyopathy, myocarditis) systemic hypertension
hyperlipidemia in children
Respiratory
congenital and acquired disorders of nose infections of upper respiratory tract
tonsils and adenoids obstructive sleep apnea
congenital anomalies of lower respiratory tract acute upper airway obstruction
foreign body in larynx trachea and bronchus trauma to larynx
subglottic stenosis (acute, chronic) neoplasm of larynx and trachea
bronchial asthma bronchiolitis
acute pneumonia, bronchiolitis aspiration pneumonia, GER
recurrent, interstitial pneumonia suppurative lung disease
atelectasis lung cysts, mediastinal mass
pleural effusion
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malabsorption syndrome acute and chronic diarrhea
irritable bowel syndrome inflammatory bowel disease
Hirschsprung disease anorectal malformations
hepatitis hepatic failure
chronic liver disease Budd-Chiari syndrome
metabolic diseases of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension
Neurologic disorders
seizure and non-seizure paroxysmal events epilepsy, epileptic syndromes
meningitis, encephalitis brain abscess
febrile encephalopathies Guillain-Barre syndrome
neurocysticercosis and other neuroinfestations HIV encephalopathy
SSPE cerebral palsy
neurometabolic disorders neurodegenerative disorders
neuromuscular disorders mental retardation
learning disabilities muscular dystrophies
acute flaccid paralysis and AFP surveillance malformations
movement disorders Tumors
Endocrinology
hypopituitarism/hyperpituitarism diabetes insipidus
pubertal disorders hypo – and hyper-thyroidism
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adrenal insufficiency Cushing’s syndrome
adrenogenital syndromes diabetes mellitus
hypoglycemia short stature
gonadal dysfunction and intersexuality obesity
Infections
bacterial (including tuberculosis) viral (including HIV)
fungal parasitic
rickettssial mycoplasma
protozoal and parasitic nosocomial infections
control of epidemics and infection prevention safe disposal of infective material
ENT
acute and chronic otitis media hearing loss
post-diphtheritic palatal palsy acute/chronic tonsillitis/adenoids
allergic rhinitis/sinusitis foreign body
Skin Diseases
exanthematous illnesses vascular lesions
pigment disorders vesicobullous disorders
infections Steven-Johnson syndrome
atopic, seborrheic dermatitis drug rash
alopecia icthyosis
Eye problems
refraction and accommodation partial/total loss of vision
cataract night blindness
strabismus conjunctival and corneal disorders
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disorders of retina, including tumors
Orthopaedics
major congenital orthopedic deformities bone and joint infections
common bone tumors
Neonatology
low birth weight newborn sick newborn
Nutrition
lactation management and complementary protein energy malnutrition
feeding (underweight, wasting, stunting)
failure to thrive and micronutrient deficiencies
Cardiovascular
Murmur cyanosis
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congestive heart failure systemic hypertension
arrhythmia shock
Respiratory
Cough/chronic cough hemoptysis
wheezy child respiratory distress
Infections
acute onset pyrexia prolonged pyrexia with and
recurrent infections without localizing signs
nosocomial infections fever with xanthema
Renal
Hematuria/dysuria bladder/bowel incontinence
voiding dysfunctions renal failure (acute and chronic)
hypertension
Neurology
limping child convulsions
paraplegia, quadriplegia cerebral palsy
macrocephaly and microcephaly floppy infant
acute flaccid paralysis headache
Endocrine
thyroid swelling ambiguous genitalia
obesity short stature
Miscellaneous
skin rash lymphadenopathy
epistaxis proptosis
arthralgia, arthritis
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TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS
Postgraduate teaching programme
General principles
Acquisition of practical competencies being the keystone of PG medical education, PG
training should be skills oriented. Learning in PG program should be essentially self-
directed and primarily emanating from clinical and academic work. The formal sessions
are merely meant to supplement this core effort.
Teaching methodology
This should include regular bedside case presentations and demonstrations, didactic
lectures, seminars, journal clubs, clinical meetings, and combined conferences with allied
departments. The post graduate student should be given the responsibility of managing
and caring for patients in a gradual manner under supervision. Department should
encourage e-learning activities.
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• Log book: During the training period, the post graduate student should maintain a
Log Book indicating the duration of the postings/work done in Pediatric Wards,
OPDs and Casualty. This should indicate the procedures assisted and performed,
and the teaching sessions attended. The purpose of the Log Book is to:
a) Help maintain a record of the work done during training,
b) Enable Consultants to have direct information about the work; intervene if
necessary,
c) Use it to assess the experience gained periodically.
The log book shall be used to aid the internal evaluation of the student. The Log
books shall be checked and assessed periodically by the faculty members
imparting the training.
Rotations
The postgraduate student should rotate through all the clinical units in the department. In
addition, following special rotations should be undertaken:
Mandatory
Neonatology, perinatology
Intensive care, emergency
Desirable
Posting in Out Patient Services of the following specialties is recommended
Skin
Pediatric Surgery
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Community
• Thesis
Objectives
By carrying out a research project and presenting his work in the form of thesis, the
student shall be able to:
identify a relevant research question
conduct a critical review of literature
formulate a hypothesis
determine the most suitable study design
state the objectives of the study
prepare a study protocol
undertake a study according to the protocol
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analyze and interpret research data, and draw conclusions
write a research paper
Guidelines
While selecting the topic, following should be kept in mind:
the scope of study is limited to enable its conduct within the resources and time
available
the study must be ethically appropriate
the emphasis should be on the process of research rather than the results
the protocol, interim progress and final presentation is made formally to the
department
only one student per teacher/thesis guide
There should be periodic department review of the thesis work, as per following
schedule:
End of 6 months Submission of protocol
During 2nd yr Mid-term presentation
6 months prior to examination Final presentation; submission
ASSESSMENT
General Principles
Internal Assessment should be frequent, cover all domains of learning and used to provide
feedback to improve learning; it should also cover professionalism and communication skills.
The Internal Assessment should be conducted in theory and practical/clinical examination.
The summative examination would be carried out as per the Rules given in
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION REGULATIONS, 2000.
2. Theory examination
The examinations shall be organized on the basis of ‘Grading’or ‘Marking system’ to
evaluate and to certify post graduate student's level of knowledge, skill and competence at the
end of the training. Obtaining a minimum of 50% marks in ‘Theory’ as well as ‘Practical’
separately shall be mandatory for passing examination as a whole. The examination for
M.D./ MS shall be held at the end of 3rd academic year. An academic term shall mean six
month's training period.
There shall be four theory papers. Each paper should have 10 short essay questions (SEQ).
Paper I: Basic sciences as applied to Paediatrics
Paper II: Neonatology and community Paediatrics
Paper III: General Paediatrics including advances in Paediatrics relating to Cluster I
specialties
Paper IV: Paediatric Medicine including advances in Paediatrics relating to Cluster
II specialties
Cluster I: Nutrition, Growth and Development, Immunization, Infectious disease,
Genetics, Immunology, Rheumatology, Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Skin, Eye, ENT, Adolescent Health, Critical Care, Accidents
and Poisoning
Cluster II: Neurology and Disabilities, Nephrology, Hematology and Oncology,
Endocrinology, Gastroenterology and Hematology, Respiratory and
Cardiovascular disorders
Recommended Reading:
Books (latest edition)
Journals
03-05 international Journals and 02 national (all indexed) journals
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Annexure I
Orientation sessions for PG students joining MD in Paediatrics
This could be spread over 4-5 sessions once or twice a week depending on
departmental routine and feasibility.
For all PG students
Orientation to the Hospital: Various Departments and facilities available
Communication skills: Patients and colleagues
Literature search
Basic research methodology
Protocol writing and thesis
Pediatric PGs
Introduction to Residency in Paediatrics
Universal precautions and appropriate disposal of hospital waste
Management of shock
Congestive cardiac failure
Normal fluid and electrolyte requirement and their disorders
Interpretation and management of disorders of acid-base balance
Evaluation of a sick newborn
Management of seizures, hypothermia and hypoglycemia in the newborn
Management of seizures and status epilepticus
Management of comatose patients
Hospital management of severe PEM
Acute kidney injury
Fulminant hepatic failure
Management of respiratory distress
Management of acute diarrhea
Approach to a bleeding child and its management
Rational antibiotic therapy
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Annexure II
Postgraduate Students Appraisal Form
Pre / Para /Clinical Disciplines
Name of the Department/Unit :
Name of the PG Student :
Period of Training : FROM…………………TO……………
Sr. PARTICULARS Not Satisfactory More Than Remarks
No. Satisfactory Satisfactory
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4. Departmental and
interdepartmental learning
activity
Publications Yes/ No
Remarks*_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
*REMARKS: Any significant positive or negative attributes of a postgraduate student to be mentioned. For score
less than 4 in any category, remediation must be suggested. Individual feedback to postgraduate student is
strongly recommended.
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