SHS GRADE

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General Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Rational Functions, Equations and Inequalities: Week 5

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed to help learners gain understanding about rational
functions. It is composed of two lessons. The first lesson tackles about representing
real life situations using rational functions, and the second lesson will delve about
distinguishing rational function, rational equation and rational inequality. It is
assumed that the learners already grasp full understanding with functions which
was found on the previous modules.

The first part of this module covers varied situations that can be seen in real life
such as budgeting distance and concentration of medicine in the blood while the
second lesson will proceed to deeper portion or rational sentences. It is hoped that
upon exploring this learning kit you will find the eagerness and enthusiasm in
completing the task required. Best of luck!

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. represent real – life situations using rational functions

2. distinguishes rational function, rational equation and rational inequality

What I Know

Lesson Representing Real – life

Situations Using Rational
1 Functions
Rational functions can model a number of real-life situations. One particular
example is the help that is extended by the government to the citizen during the
time of pandemic. Majority of our fellow citizens experienced hardship and required
help coming from the government. As a response, they provided a particular
amount to a certain percentage of the population that can be represented as
rational function to determine how much either in cash or kind an individual may
receive. However, it is not enough that only the government will take part to solve
this crisis everyone can be part of the solution if we played our role properly. Real-
life situations that involve rational functions is mostly seen in economics and
science however other disciplines also incorporate this concept. If you wonder how
rational function can help, you can explore this module.

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What’s In

ADMISSION CARD
Listed below are the skills and competencies you should possess before proceeding
to this lesson. Read the statements and assess yourself about your level of
understanding by answering yes if you agree and no if otherwise.
Statement Yes No
1. I can represent real-life situations using function
3. I can recognize polynomial functions

● If your answer to all the items is yes then you are confident to proceed to the
next lesson.
● If you answered no to any of the statements there is a need for you to have a
quick review on the following:

Functions are used to model real life situations and in representing real – life
situations the quantity of one variable depends or corresponds to or mapped
onto another quantity.

Consider the examples below and reflect if you are confident enough to proceed.

1. Write a function C that represent the cost of buying alcohol a, if an alcohol

costs ₱155.00
C(a) = 155a

2. A commuter pays ₱20.00 for a tricycle ride for the first 5 km and an
additional ₱ 0.75 for every succeeding distance d in kilometer. Represent the
situation as function
F(d) = 20, if 0<d<5
F(d) = 20 + 0.75(d), if d>5

Let n be a nonnegative integer, and let be real numbers with

. The function is called a polynomial

function of x with degree n. The coefficient is called the leading coefficient, and
is the constant.

Here are the examples of polynomial functions of particular degree together with
their names:

Polynomial Degree Special Name

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 0 Constant Function
1 Linear Function
2 Quadratic Function
3 Cubic Function

At this point you may now proceed to the next section of this module!

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher may reiterate the formula in finding the distance
which is 𝑑 =𝑟𝑡 and the other relationships derived from this
𝑑 𝑑
formula such 𝑟 = 𝑡 and 𝑡 = 𝑟. These relationships will be helpful
in meeting the expected outcome of this module.

What’s New

Read and analyze the comics below.

LOVE IN TIMES OF COVID?

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Questions

1. How much is the total amount of money the barangay can use for its relief
operations?___________________________________________________

2. What is the concern of one the Barangay Kagawad regarding the total
number of families who will benefit with the relief? Do you think it is valid?
Why?
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Suppose the officials conducted a survey for 4 days to determine the actual
number of families residing in the barangay and the secretary constructed a
table to keep track of the data. Complete the table below:

Day 0 1 2 3 4
Number of 850 855 882 910 931
Families
Amount of ₱520.00
relief each
family will
receive

4. Create a model or equation that will represent to the amount of relief each
family will receive bearing in mind that the number of families will vary.
___________________________________________________________________________

5. After resolving the amount of relief each family may receive, what other
problem may arise in the current situation?
___________________________________________________________________
6. If you are one of the residents of that barangay what will be your
participation to help the officials?
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 _______________________________________________________________________

What is It

In the previous activity we see a real- life scenario, which can be analyzed
mathematically. To be able to determine the amount of relief that will be distributed
to 850 families we first add the donations and the total budget of the barangay. The
total donations obtained is ₱95,000 while the budget of the barangay is ₱347,000
which gives a total of ₱442,000. This amount will be divided by 850 families to
obtain ₱520.00 However there are cases that one quantity varies that in this case it
is the total number of families. Due to unavoidable circumstances such as being
stranded and change of residency we cannot control that variable. As a result,
another computation was made. After the first day of survey it was determined that
there are 855 families living in the barangay, then the amount of relief each family
will receive will be ₱516.96. After the second day it was determined that there were
882 families living in the barangay then the amount of relief will be changed to
₱501.13. After the third day the amount of the relief will be ₱485.71 and after the
fourth day it will become ₱474.76 However, we can also use a model that will
represent real – life situations. In this module you will learn how to represent real-
life situations using rational functions.

Definition of Rational Function

A rational function, r(x) is a function of the form

𝑝(𝑥)
𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑞(𝑥)
where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions and 𝑞(𝑥) ≠ 0
The domain of r(x) is a set of real numbers such that q(x) is not zero.

The following are examples of rational functions:

1. ; Both numerator and denominator are polynomial

functions, denominator has restriction because it should not be equal to zero

2. ; The numerator 1 is a polynomial function with a degree 0,

the denominator is a polynomial function and it must not be equal to 0

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There are different scenarios or real-world relationships that can be modeled by
rational functions, let us take the following examples:

1. The Local Government Unit allotted a budget of ₱100,000.00 for the feeding
program in the Day Care Center. The amount will be divided equally to all
the pupils in the Day Care Center. Write an equation showing the
relationship of the allotted amount per pupil represented by f(x) versus the
total number of children represented by x

Showing the relationship in tabular form we will arrived at

No. of children (x) 10 20 50 100 200
Allocated amount per child ₱10,000 ₱5000 ₱2000 ₱1000 ₱500

Notice that as the number of children increase the amount allocated per
child decrease.

In writing a representation we will arrived at

2. Suppose a benefactor wants to supplement the budget allotted for each child
by donating additional ₱650.00 per child. If h(x) represents the new amount
allotted per child, construct a function representing the relationship. Using
the table we used earlier:

No. of children 10 20 50 100 200

(x)

Allocated ₱10,000.00 ₱5000.00 ₱2000.00 ₱1000.00 ₱500.00

amount per +₱650.00 +₱650.00 +₱650.00 +₱650.00 +₱650.00
child

Thus, the representation of the rational function is

3. A car is to travel a distance of 70 kilometers. Express the velocity ( v) as a

function of travel time (t) in hours.
Let us first show the relationship using a table. Remember that as time increases in
travelling the velocity or the speed of a car will decrease

Time (hours) 1 2 3 5 10

Velocity 70 35 23.33 14 7
(km/hr)

Thus, the function can represent v as a function of t

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What’s More

Read each situation carefully to solve each problem. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of your paper.

Independent Practice 1

School is Cool

During the first quarter of the school year the officers –elect of the Supreme
Student Government decided to divide their budget evenly to the different
committees. If their budget is ₱35,000 construct a function M which would
give the amount of money each of the n number of committees would receive.

a. You may construct a table to aid you in determining the relationships

between quantities

Number of 2 4 6 8
Committees
Amount
allocated for
each
committee

b. Write the rational function that represents the situation

__________________________________________________________

Independent Assessment 1

Pastry Corner

Manuel has 10 cups of flour to be used in baking cakes, he wanted to split it

evenly among the containers that he will use so that he can adjust the
measurements of other ingredients. Construct a function C which would give
the number of cups of flour each of the number of containers n will have.

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 What I Have Learned

3-2-1 Action
What are the three things that help you in representing real –life situations to
rational function?
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
What are the two questions that you want to ask to clarify the process of
translating real – life situations to rational functions
1._________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
Share one tip or suggestion on how others can represent real-life situations using
rational functions

1. ________________________________________________________________

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 Lesson
Rational Functions,
2 Equations and Inequalities
It was defined in the previous lesson that rational functions are expressed as a
ratio of two polynomials P and Q. The value of rational functions is defined for all
real numbers x, except for the value of x that makes the denominator zero. There
are different relationships between rational expressions. It may involve inequality,
equality and functions and that is what we are going to dig deeper in this lesson

What’s In

Admission Card
Listed below are the skills and competencies you should possess before proceeding
to this lesson. Read the statements and assess yourself about your level of
understanding by answering yes if you agree and no if otherwise.
Statement Yes No
1. I can describe a rational expression
3. I can distinguish whether an expression is rational or not

● If your answer to all the items is yes then you are confident to proceed to the
next lesson.
● If you answered no to any of the statements, there is a need for you to have a
quick review on the following:

A rational expression can be described as a ratio or quotient of two polynomials.

Let us look at the examples:
Consider the following algebraic expressions, determine whether they are rational
or not and state the reason.

1. ; Rational expression because it is a ratio of two polynomials

2. ; Rational expression because 1 and x-5 are polynomials

3. ; Not a rational expression since the numerator is not a polynomial

4. 𝑥 + 5 ; Rational expression because the numerator x+5 and denominator
1 are polynomials
What’s New
Read and analyze the advertisement below
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 Wanted!!!

Call for Applicants for Contract of Service Workers

For the purpose of 2020 census of population and housing, Philippine

Statistics Authority is hiring enumerators.

Any male or female

Age - at least 18 years old and at most 45 years old
Educational Attainment – at least SHS graduate
Salary - ₱700.00 per day
Physically fit for field work
Interested applicants must submit application letter and Personal
Data Sheet (PDS) to PSA- Quezon

Questions

1. What is the advertisement all about?

___________________________________________________

2. What job is offered by PSA? ______________________________

3. Who can apply for the position?

_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. How will you translate the required age mathematically?
______________________________________________________________________
5. Represent the salary (S) that will be received as a function of number of days
used for work (n).
_______________________________________________________________________
6. What are the mathematical symbols that you used in answering questions
numbers 4 and 5?
_______________________________________________________________________
7. Do you think the age requirement for the job is fair enough or is there a
bias? Why do you say so?
______________________________________________________________________
_ 8. Why do you think having a census is important?
_______________________________________________________________________

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 What is It

The job advertisement shows the need to conduct a census. Census is important
because it will serve as the basis for planning for the future such as public safety,
infrastructures like hospital and schools and improving homes in the
neighborhood. This also serves as the basis in predicting the number of people who
need help in times of crisis. However, in finding enumerators who will conduct the
census, there are different qualifications needed and some of those are the age
requirement and educational attainment, to represent it mathematically the use of
inequality symbol was employed. However, the salary was also mentioned and to be
able to represent it, equality symbol is used. At this section we will compare
rational expressions using equality and inequality symbols, thus we will further
classify the differences among rational equation, rational inequality and rational
function.
To determine the difference among rational function, rational equation and rational
inequality study the table below:

Rational Equation Rational Inequality Rational Function

Definition An equation An inequality A function of the
involving rational involving rational
expression expressions form

where p(x) and q(x)

are polynomial
functions and q(x)
is not the zero
function

Example
𝑥+4 1 𝑥−2 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8
= >3 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−1 5 5 𝑥+4

Additional examples:
Determine whether the given sentence is a rational equation, a rational function, a
rational inequality or none of these.

1. ; This is an example of rational function because the symbol y

is also a representation of function of x or f(x)

2. ; None of these because is not a rational expression

What’s More

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Independent Practice 1

Determine whether the given is a rational function, rational equation, rational

inequality or none of these.

_________________________________________

__________________________________________

_________________________________________

; Hint y is represented by f(x) _______________________

__________________________________________

Independent Practice 2

Read the statements carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer.

1. How do you classify ?

a. Rational Equation

b. Rational Function

c. Rational Inequality

d. None of these

2. Which of the following is an example of rational function?

A.
B.

c.

d. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3
Independent Assessment 1

Read the statements carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer.

1. How do you classify ?

a. Rational Equation

b. Rational Function

c. Rational Inequality

d. None of these
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2. Which of the following is an example of rational function?

a.

b.

c.

d. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3

What I Have Learned

3-2-1 Action
What are the distinct features of rational function, rational equation and rational
inequality?
1. Rational Function
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. Rational Equation
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Rational Inequality
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
What are the differences of the following:
1. Rational Function and Rational Equation
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

2. Rational Equation and Rational Inequalities

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Share one tip or suggestion on how to identify whether the given is a rational
function, rational equation or rational inequality
1. ____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

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 Assessment

References

Santos, Durwin C. & Biason Ma. Garnet P., Math Activated: Engage Yourself and
Our
World General Math. (Makati City, Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press, Inc., 2016)

Orines, Fernando B., Next Century Mathematics. (Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing
House, 2016)

Orines, Fernando B, Espargo, Mirla S. Reyes, Nestor V., Advanced Algebra,

Trigonometry and Statistics (Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House Inc.,1999)

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