Table B.

6 Continued

MAX. COMPRESSIVE
SIZE LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT MAX. EMPTY
TYPE CODE WEIGHT WEIGHT
FORCE CONTAINER CAN
CODE (L) (W) (H) WITHSTAND
P3, 63 (Posts reaching 40 ft 8 ft 9 ft- 6 in. 99210 lbf 12345 lbf
45 761920 lbf (3389 kN)
13'-6"- diagonal bracing) (12192 mm) (2438 mm) (2896 mm) (45000 kg) (5600 kg)
P3, 63 (Posts reaching 40 ft 8 ft 9 ft- 6 in. 110235 lbf 13230 lbf
45 761920 lbf (3389 kN)
13'-6"- no diagonal bracing) (12192 mm) (2438 mm) (2896 mm) (50000 kg) (6000 kg)
40 ft 8 ft 9 ft- 6 in. 44095 lbf 9920 lbf
45 P4, 64 396835 lbf (1765 kN)
139

(12192 mm) (2438 mm) (2896 mm) (20000 kg) (4500 kg)
40 ft 8 ft 9 ft- 6 in. 74960 lbf 10065 lbf
45 R0, R1, 31, 32 668270 lbf (2973 kN)
(12192 mm) (2438 mm) (2896 mm) (34000 kg) (4565 kg)
R0, R1, 31, 32 40 ft 8 ft 9 ft- 6 in. 67200 lbf 11130 lbf
45 37460 lbf (167 kN)
(Recessed Butcher Door) (12192 mm) (2438 mm) (2896 mm) (30480 kg) (5050 kg)
S0 or 25 40 ft 8 ft 9 ft- 6 in. 67200 lbf 8910 lbf
45 326555 lbf (1453 kN)
(Animal Transport) (12192 mm) (2438 mm) (2896 mm) (30480 kg) (4040 kg)
S1 or 26 40 ft 8 ft 10 ft- 2 3/64 in. 67200 lbf 13490 lbf
46 761920 lbf (3389 kN)
(4 Car Transport) (12192 mm) (2438 mm) (3100 mm) (30480 kg) (6100 kg)
40 ft 8 ft- 55/64 in. 9 ft- 6 in. 74960 lbf 9425 lbf
4E G0, G1, 00, 10 621445 lbf (2764 kN)
(12192 mm) (2460 mm) (2896 mm) (34000 kg) (4275 kg)
40 ft 8 ft- 2 1/32 in. 9 ft- 6 in. 52910 lbf 12125 lbf
4E R? (Side Door) 95240 lbf (424 kN)
(12192 mm) (2490 mm) (2896 mm) (24000 kg) (5500 kg)
NOTES:
● Stack and Support 40 ft containers on 40 ft or 45 ft containers (Check Widths).
● Manufacturers of 40 ft containers on This Page: CIMC & SINGAMAS
 MAXIMUM
COMPRESSIVE FORCE
SIZE LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT MAX. EMPTY CONTAINER CAN
TYPE CODE WEIGHT WEIGHT
CODE (L) (W) (H) WITHSTAND
29 ft- 11 1/4 in. 8 ft- 4 25/64 in. 9 ft 74960 lbf 6700 lbf
3M B0, 80 404770 lbf (1801 kN)
(9125 mm) (2550 mm) (2743 mm) (34000 kg) (3040 kg)
140

MAXIMUM
COMPRESSIVE FORCE
SIZE LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT MAX. EMPTY CONTAINER CAN
TYPE CODE WEIGHT WEIGHT
CODE (L) (W) (H) WITHSTAND
25 ft- 7 55/64 in. 8 ft- 4 25/64 in. 9 ft-11 19/64 in. 39865 lbf 9480 lbf
EP R0, R1, 31, 32 (Swapbody) 71430 lbf (318 kN)
(7820 mm) (2550 mm) (3030 mm) (18000 kg) (4300 kg)
25 ft- 7 55/64 in. 8 ft- 2 63/64 in. 9 ft- 10 7/64 in. 39865 lbf 9480 lbf
EP R0, R1, 31, 32 (Swapbody) 71430 lbf (318 kN)
(7820 mm) (2514 mm) (3000 mm) (18000 kg) (4300 kg)

NOTES:
● Stack and Support 29 ft- 11 1/4 in. containers on other 29 ft- 11 1/4 in. containers only (Not an ISO container).
● Stack and Support 25 ft- 7 55/64 in. (Not an ISO container) containers on other 25 ft- 7 55/64 in. containers only (Check Widths).
● Manufacturers of 29 ft- 11 1/4 in. and 25 ft- 7 55/64 in. containers: CIMC & CXIC
Table B.7: 25 ft to 30 ft Shipping Containers.
 MAXIMUM
COMPRESSIVE FORCE
SIZE LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT MAX. EMPTY CONTAINER CAN
TYPE CODE WEIGHT WEIGHT
CODE (L) (W) (H) WITHSTAND
24 ft- 5 5/16 in. 8 ft 9 ft- 6 in. 52910 lbf 7187 lbf
D5 G0, G1, 00, 10 190480 lbf (847 kN)
(7450 mm) (2438 mm) (2896 mm) (24000 kg) (3260 kg)
24 ft- 5 5/16 in. 8 ft- 4 25/64 in. 8 ft- 11 31/64 in. 35275 lbf 6614 lbf
D? G0, G1, 00, 10 (Swapbody) 51590 lbf (229 kN)
(7450 mm) (2550 mm) (2730 mm) (16000 kg) (3000 kg)
141

MAXIMUM
COMPRESSIVE FORCE
SIZE LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT MAX. EMPTY CONTAINER CAN
TYPE CODE WEIGHT WEIGHT
CODE (L) (W) (H) WITHSTAND
G0, G1, 00, 10 (Doors: 2 20 ft 8 ft- 2 1/2 in. 9 ft- 10 in. 62700 lbf 9524 lbf
?P 217700 lbf (968 kN)
Full Ventilated Sides) (6100 mm) (2502 mm) (2997 mm) (30480 kg) (4320 kg)

NOTES:
● Stack and Support 24 ft- 5 5/16 in. (Not an ISO container) containers on other 24 ft- 5 5/16 in. containers only (Check Widths).
● Stack and Support 20 ft containers on other 20ft containers only (Not an ISO container).
● Manufacturer of 24 ft- 5 5/16 in. and 20 ft containers: CIMC
Table B.8: 20 ft to 25 ft Shipping Containers.
 MAX. COMPRESSIVE
SIZE LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT MAX. EMPTY
TYPE CODE WEIGHT WEIGHT
FORCE CONTAINER CAN
CODE (L) (W) (H) WITHSTAND
B0, 80 (Pneumatic Roof, 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft 62700 lbf 8070 lbf
20 or 21 967640 lbf (4304 kN)
Loading Hatches- No Doors) (6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2438 mm) (30480 kg) (3660 kg)
G2, U2, 01, 52 (Doors: 2
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft 24000 lbf 8375 lbf
20 or 21 Full Side & 2 Sideways 796745 lbf (3544 kN)
(6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2438 mm) (10886 kg) (3800 kg)
Ends)
G3 or 02 (Doors: 1 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft 52910 lbf 5512 lbf
20 or 21 851645 lbf (3788 kN)
Partial Side & 2 End) (6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2438 mm) (24000 kg) (2500 kg)
142

U5 (No Doors & 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft 62700 lbf 7100 lbf
20 or 21 770020 lbf (3425 kN)
Removable Hard Roof) (6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2438 mm) (30480 kg) (3220 kg)
B0, 80 (2 Rectangular 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft- 6 in. 52910 lbf 5605 lbf
22 or 23 761920 lbf (3389 kN)
Discharge Doors at Ends) (6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2591 mm) (24000 kg) (2543 kg)
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft- 6 in. 62700 lbf 4970 lbf
22 or 23 G0, G1, 00, 10 925530 lbf (4117 kN)
(6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2591 mm) (30480 kg) (2255 kg)
G0, G1, 00, 10 (Two 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft- 6 in. 62700 lbf 6830 lbf
22 or 23 496670 lbf (2209 kN)
Rectangular Top Hatches) (6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2591 mm) (30480 kg) (3100 kg)
G1 or 10 (Waste Container 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft- 6 in. 52910 lbf 9810 lbf
22 or 23 847345 lbf (3769 kN)
with External Stiffeners) (6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2591 mm) (24000 kg) (4450 kg)
NOTES:
● Stack and Support 20 ft containers on 20 ft containers.
● Manufacturers of 20 ft containers on This Page: BSL, CIMC, CXIC, DFIC, HUNG-DAO, SINGAMAS, SINO-PEAK, & RYC
Continued
Table B.9: 20 ft Shipping Containers.
 Table B.9 Continued

MAXIMUM
COMPRESSIVE
SIZE LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT MAX. EMPTY
TYPE CODE WEIGHT WEIGHT
FORCE CONTAINER
CODE (L) (W) (H) CAN WITHSTAND
G2, U2, 01, 52 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 52910 lbf 7330 lbf
22 or 23 8 ft (2438 mm) 849830 lbf (3780 kN)
(Doors: 1 Full Side & 1 End) (6058 mm) (2591 mm) (24000 kg) (3325 kg)
G2, U2, 01, 52 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 52910 lbf 8820 lbf
22 or 23 8 ft (2438 mm) 848340 lbf (3774 kN)
(Doors: 2 Full Side & 1 End) (6058 mm) (2591 mm) (24000 kg) (4000 kg)
G2, U2, 01, 52 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 52910 lbf 8265 lbf
22 or 23 8 ft (2438 mm) 753650 lbf (3352 kN)
143

(Doors: 2 Full Side & 2 End) (6058 mm) (2591 mm) (24000 kg) (3750 kg)
G2, U2, 01, 52 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 52910 lbf 9170 lbf
22 or 23 8 ft (2438 mm) 847990 lbf (3772 kN)
(Doors: 2 Full Side & 0 End) (6058 mm) (2591 mm) (24000 kg) (4160 kg)
H1, 41 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 77440 lbf 13890 lbf
22 or 23 8 ft (2438 mm) 729430 lbf (3245 kN)
(Roof Manhole & Ladder) (6058 mm) (2591 mm) (35125 kg) (6300 kg)
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 74960 lbf 8380 lbf
22 or 23 P2,62 8 ft (2438 mm) ?
(6058 mm) (2591 mm) (34000 kg) (3800 kg)
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 74960 lbf 6160 lbf
22 or 23 P3, 63 8 ft (2438 mm) 761920 lbf (3389 kN)
(6058 mm) (2591 mm) (34000 kg) (2794 kg)
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 88185 lbf 6725 lbf
22 or 23 P3, 63 8 ft (2438 mm) 857160 lbf (3813 kN)
(6058 mm) (2591 mm) (40000 kg) (3050 kg)
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 74960 lbf 6065 lbf
22 or 23 P3, 63 (Open End Walls) 8 ft (2438 mm) 761920 lbf (3389 kN)
(6058 mm) (2591 mm) (34000 kg) (2750 kg)
NOTES:
● Stack and Support 20 ft containers on 20 ft containers.
● Manufacturers of 20 ft containers on This Page: BSL, CIMC, DFIC, SINGAMAS, & SINO-PEAK
Continued
 Table B.9 Continued

MAXIMUM
COMPRESSIVE FORCE
SIZE LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT MAX. EMPTY CONTAINER CAN
TYPE CODE WEIGHT WEIGHT
CODE (L) (W) (H) WITHSTAND
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft- 6 in. 74960 lbf 6395 lbf
22 or 23 P4 or 64 761920 lbf (3389 kN)
(6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2591 mm) (34000 kg) (2900 kg)
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft- 6 in. 66140 lbf 6150 lbf
22 or 23 P4 or 64 ?
(6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2591 mm) (30000 kg) (2790 kg)
144

19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft- 6 in. 62700 lbf 6540 lbf

22 or 23 R0, R1, 31, 32 809540 lbf (3601 kN)
(6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2591 mm) (30480 kg) (2968 kg)
R0, R1, 31, 32 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft- 6 in. 62700 lbf 8640 lbf
22 or 23 899500 lbf (4001 kN)
(Internal Meat Hangers) (6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2591 mm) (30480 kg) (3920 kg)
R0, R1, 31, 32 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft- 6 in. 52910 lbf 6440 lbf
22 or 23 23175 lbf (103 kN)
(Recessed Butcher Door) (6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2591 mm) (24000 kg) (2920 kg)
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft- 6 in. 81570 lbf 8050 lbf
22 or 23 T0, 70 342865 lbf (1525 kN)
(6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2591 mm) (37000 kg) (3650 kg)
U1, 51 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft- 6 in. 62700 lbf 6240 lbf
22 or 23 876640 lbf (3900 kN)
(Removable Hardtop Roof) (6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2591 mm) (30480 kg) (2830 kg)
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft 8 ft- 6 in. 62700 lbf 5020 lbf
22 or 23 U1, 51 (Soft Roof) 899053 lbf (3999 kN)
(6058 mm) (2438 mm) (2591 mm) (30480 kg) (2277 kg)
NOTES:
● Stack and Support 20 ft containers on 20 ft containers.
● Manufacturers of 20 ft containers on This Page: BSL, CIMC, DFIC, SINGAMAS, & SINO-PEAK
Continued
 Table B.9 Continued

MAXIMUM
COMPRESSIVE FORCE
SIZE LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT MAX. EMPTY CONTAINER CAN
TYPE CODE WEIGHT WEIGHT
CODE (L) (W) (H) WITHSTAND
B0, 80 (1 Rectangular 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 9 ft- 6 in. 71585 lbf 5445 lbf
25 8 ft (2438 mm) 761920 lbf (3389 kN)
Discharge End Door) (6058 mm) (2896 mm) (32470 kg) (2470 kg)
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 9 ft- 6 in. 62700 lbf 5203 lbf
25 G0, G1, 00, 10 8 ft (2438 mm) 761920 lbf (3389 kN)
(6058 mm) (2896 mm) (30480 kg) (2360 kg)
145

G2, U2, 01, 52

19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 9 ft- 6 in. 62700 lbf
25 (Doors: 1 Full Side & 1 8 ft (2438 mm) ? 761920 lbf (3389 kN)
(6058 mm) (2896 mm) (30480 kg)
End)
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 9 ft- 6 in. 62700 lbf 5545 lbf
25 U1, 51 (Soft Roof) 8 ft (2438 mm) 761920 lbf (3389 kN)
(6058 mm) (2896 mm) (30480 kg) (2515 kg)
19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 18 ft- 6 in. 31800 lbf 10670 lbf
26 G0, G1, 00, 10 8 ft (2438 mm) 0
(6058 mm) (5639 mm) (14424 kg) (4840 kg)
U0, 50 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 4 ft- 3 in. 85010 lbf 4950 lbf
28 8 ft (2438 mm) 911575 lbf (4055 kN)
(No Roof) (6058 mm) (1295 mm) (38560 kg) (2245 kg)

NOTES:
● Stack and Support 20 ft containers on 20 ft containers.
● Manufacturers of 20 ft containers on This Page: BSL, CIMC, SINGAMAS, & SINO-PEAK

Continued
 Table B.9 Continued

MAXIMUM
COMPRESSIVE FORCE
SIZE LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT MAX. EMPTY CONTAINER CAN
TYPE CODE WEIGHT WEIGHT
CODE (L) (W) (H) WITHSTAND
G2, U2, 01, 52 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 4 25/64 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 71650 lbf 7230 lbf
2L 380960 lbf (1695 kN)
(Doors: 1 Full Side & 1 End) (6058 mm) (2550 mm) (2591 mm) (32500 kg) (3280 kg)
G2, U2, 01, 52 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 4 25/64 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 71650 lbf 7230 lbf
2L 380960 lbf (1695 kN)
(Doors: 2 Full Side & 1 End) (6058 mm) (2550 mm) (2591 mm) (32500 kg) (3280 kg)
146

B0, 80 (1 Rectangular 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 2 1/2 in. 9 ft- 6 in. 71980 lbf 6775 lbf
2N 777400 lbf (3458 kN)
Discharge End Door) (6058 mm) (2502 mm) (2896 mm) (32650 kg) (3073 kg)
G2, U2, 01, 52 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 2 1/2 in. 9 ft- 6 in. 74960 lbf 7870 lbf
2N 809540 lbf (3601 kN)
(Doors: 1 Full Side & 0 End) (6058 mm) (2502 mm) (2896 mm) (34000 kg) (3570 kg)
G2, U2, 01, 52 19 ft- 10 1/2 in. 8 ft- 2 1/2 in. 9 ft- 6 in. 74960 lbf 8730 lbf
2N 809540 lbf (3601 kN)
(Doors: 2 Full Side & 0 End) (6058 mm)) (2502 mm) (2896 mm) (34000 kg) (3960 kg)

NOTES:
● Stack and Support 20 ft containers on 20 ft containers (Check Widths).
● Manufacturers of 20 ft containers on This Page: CIMC & SINGAMAS
 MAX.COMPRESSION
SIZE WIDTH HEIGHT MAX. EMPTY FORCE ACTING ON
TYPE CODE LENGTH (L) WEIGHT WEIGHT CONTAINER
CODE (W) (H)
?? (Doors: 2 Full 12ft- 2 1/4 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 15560 lbf 4630 lbf
?2 or ?3 8 ft (2438 mm) 56350 lbf (251 kN)
Side & No Ends) (3715 mm) (2591 mm) (7100 kg) (2100 kg)
147

MAX.COMPRESSION
SIZE WIDTH HEIGHT MAX. EMPTY FORCE ACTING ON
TYPE CODE LENGTH (L) WEIGHT WEIGHT CONTAINER
CODE (W) (H)
9 ft- 11 1/4 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 33600 lbf 2990 lbf
12 or 13 G0, G1, 00, 10 8 ft (2438 mm) 72620 lbf (323 kN)
(2991 mm) (2591 mm) (15240 kg) (1356 kg)
9 ft- 11 1/4 in. 8 ft- 6 in. 22400 lbf 2990 lbf
12 or 13 G0, G1, 00, 10 8 ft (2438 mm) 201590 lbf (897 kN)
(2991 mm) (2591 mm) (10160 kg) (1356 kg)

NOTES:
● Stack and Support 12 ft- 2 1/4 in. containers on other 12 ft- 2 1/4 in. containers only (Not an ISO container).
● Stack and Support 9 ft- 11 1/4 in. containers on other 9 ft- 11 1/4 in. containers only (Not an ISO container).
● Manufacturers of 12 ft- 2 1/4 in. and 9 ft- 11 1/4 in. containers: CIMC, SINGAMAS, & SINO-PEAK
Table B.10: 9 ft to13 ft Shipping Containers.
 Shipping Container Manufacturers
BSL

CIMC- China International Marine Containers, Ltd.

CXIC- Changzhou Xinhuchang International Containers Co., Ltd.

NXIC- Ningbo Xinhuachang International Containers Co., Ltd.
HXIC- Huizhou Xinhuachang International Containers Co., Ltd.
CXIC-Wanlong - Jiangsu Wanlong Special Containers Co., Ltd.
CXIC-Transportation - Changzhou Xinhuachang Int.Containers Co., Ltd
CXIC-Timber - CXIC Jiashan Timber Products Co., Ltd
CXIC-Jiutong

DFIC- Dong Fang International Container Co., Ltd.

DFICJZ- Dong Fang International Container (JinZhou) Co., Ltd.
DFICLYG- Dong Fang International Container (LianYungang) Co., Ltd.
DFICGZ- Dong Fang International Container (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd.
LYGUSPV- Dong Fang International Container (LYG Chassis) Co., Ltd.

HUNG DAO

RYC- Yangzhou Runyang Logistic Equipment Co., Ltd.

SINGAMAS- Singamas Container Holdings Limited

SSTC- Foshan Shunde Singamas Tank Container Co., Ltd.
SSPC- Guangdong Shunde Shun An Da Pacific Container Co., Ltd.
HPCL- Huizhou Pacific Container Co. Ltd.
NPCL- Ningbo Pacific Container Co., Ltd.
QPCL- Qingdao Pacific Container Co., Ltd.
SBPC- Shanghai Baoshan Pacific Container Co., Ltd.
SPIC- Shanghai Pacific International Container Co., Ltd.
SRCC- Shanghai Reeferco Container Co., Ltd.
SCIC- Singamas Container Industry Co., Ltd.
TPCC- Tianjin Pacific Container Co. Ltd.
XPCL- Xiamen Pacific Container Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
PT Java Pacific Conatiner Factory

SINO-PEAK- Tianjin Sino-Peak Container Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

Table B.11: Shipping Container Manufacturers.

148
 APPENDIX C

C. SHIPPING CONTAINER COMPONENTS

149
Internationally standard fitting (casting) located at the eight corners of the container structure to provide
means of handling, stacking and securing containers. Specifications are defined in ISO 1161.

Dimensions:
178 x 162 x 118 mm

Stress Limits:
Fy= 40 ksi (274.7 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.1: ISO Corner Fitting.

An assembly consisting of bottom side rails, cross members, and forklift pockets.

Figure C.2: ISO Shipping Container Base Frame Structure.

150
Longitudinal structural member situated at the bottom edge of each side of the container and joined to the
corner fittings to form a part of the understructure. There are multiple cross sections used as the bottom side
rail. The first cross section on the far left is used in the research.

Dimensions:
Length - 5702 mm
Cross Sections - See Below

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

A= 48mm A= 48-52 mm A= 30mm, B= 28 mm Unknown

B= 158 mm B= 28-30 mm C= 4.5 mm, Dimensions
C= 30 mm C= 4.5 mm D=124.5mm
E= 155, F=52 mm
D=4.5 mm D= 155-162 mm

Figure C.3: Bottome Side Rail (Base Frame Structure).

Reinforcement plates welded to the bottom side rails and bottom corner fittings, two plates on each side.

Dimensions:
200 x 120-153 x 4.0 mm

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.4: Bottome Side Rail Reinforcement Plates (Base Frame Structure).
151
Lateral structural member attached to the bottom side rails which supports the flooring. Generally there are
18 cross members. Two of the cross members are larger and contain three 4.0 mm gusset support plates.
The cross members can be various shapes, but the first two cross sections on the far left are used in this
research.

Dimensions:
Length - 2336 mm
Cross Sections - See Below
Spacing between members- Varies from 275- 325 mm

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

A & C= 45 mm A= 75 mm Unknown Dimensions

B= 4.0 mm B= 4.0 mm
D=122 mm C= 45 mm
D= 122 mm
Figure C.5: Cross Member (Base Frame Structure).

The two, larger cross members are located at the fourth and twelfth cross members from the rear side of the
container (door side). Each larger cross member has three 4.0 mm gusset support plates located at the
center of the cross member and spaced 550 mm each direction from the center. Each plate fills the cross
section.

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.6: Cross Member Gusset Plate (Base Frame Structure).

152
There are two forklift pockets whose centers are 1811 mm from each end of the bottom side rail. ISO
requirements should dictate the design of the pockets and reinforcing. This research uses a 2336 x 360 x 3.0
mm top plate and a 200 x 360 x 6.0 mm lower plate. The upper flange and web area above each forklift
pocket are reinforced by a 460 x 4.0 mm angle plate.

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.7: Forklift Pockets (Base Frame Structure).

The floor covers the entire base frame structure. The flooring is a 28 mm thick, 19 ply hardwood board.
The floor is assumed to be fully connected to the base frame structure. The floor is not modeled in this
research, and any load acting on the floor is assumed to transfer to the bottom corner fittings. The main
focus of this research does not involve modifying the floor or base frame structure.

Figure C.8: ISO Shipping Container Flooring.

The structural assembly at the rear (door end) of the container consisting of the door sill, door header, two
corner posts, and four corner fittings which are welded together to make the door-way.

Figure C.9: ISO Shipping Container Rear Frame Structure (Door End).

153
Lateral structural member at the bottom of the door opening and joined to the corner fittings in the door end
frame. The door sill contains four locking cam keepers which are reinforced with four 4.0 mm thick,
internal gusset plates. A cut out near each bottom corner fitting is reinforced by a 200 x 75 x 9.0 mm
channel section.

Dimensions:
Length - 2340 mm
Cross section – See below
Cam Keeper – See below

Stress Limits:
Door Sill:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Cam Keeper:
Fy= 35 ksi (245.25 N/mm2)
Fu= 60 ksi (412.0 N/mm2)

A= 121 mm, B= 162 mm Varies per manufacturer.

C= 140.8 mm, D= 65 mm Research physically measured a
E= 4.5 mm, F= 45 mm cam keeper in a container yard.

Figure C.10: Door Sill (Rear Frame Structure).

154
There are four 4.0 mm thick gusset plates behind each cam keeper. They are spaced 170 mm and 590 mm
from the center of the door sill in each direction. Each gusset plate fills the cross section. There are also two
base plates which connect to the corner fittings.

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.11: Door Gusset Sill Plates (Rear Frame Structure).

Vertical structural member composed of a channel section and pressed steel outer section. There are four
cut outs in the outer pressed steel section which are reinforced by small plates.

Dimensions:
Height – 2355 mm
A= 46 mm, B= 280 mm
C= 230 mm, D= 30 mm
E= 6.0 mm, F= 53 mm
G= 12 mm, H= 113 mm
I= 40 mm

Stress Limits:
For outer pressed steel section:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

For inner channel section:

Fy= 41 ksi (284.5 N/mm2)
Fu= 71 ksi (490.5 N/mm2)

Cut Out varies per

manufacturer. This research
uses a cut out of 85 x 30 x 53
mm and the reinforcement
plates are 10 mm thick.

Figure C.12: Rear Corner Post (Rear Frame Structure).

155
Lateral structural member situated over the door opening and joined to the corner fittings in the door end
frame. The door header contains four locking cam keepers which are reinforced with four 4.0 mm thick,
internal gusset plates. There are protection plates and cut outs near the top corner fittings.

Dimensions:
Length - 2340 mm
Cross section – See below
Cam Keeper– See below

Stress Limits:
Door Header:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Cam Keeper:
Fy= 35 ksi (245.25 N/mm2)
Fu= 60 ksi (412.0 N/mm2)

A= 83.4 mm, B= 10 mm, C= 3.0 mm, D= 135 mm Varies per

E= 4.0 mm, F= 110 mm, G= 110 mm, H= 6.0 mm manufacturer.
I= 3.0 mm, J= 111 mm, K= 161.5 mm, L= 25 mm

Figure C.13: Door Header (Rear Frame Structure).

The door header contains four locking cam keepers which are reinforced with four 4.0 mm thick, internal
gusset plates. They are spaced 170 mm and 590 mm from the center of the door header in each direction.
Each gusset plate fills the cross section.

Dimensions:
97 x 110 x 4.0 mm

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.14: Door Header Gusset Plates (Rear Frame Structure).

156
The door header contains two protection plates which are near the top corner fittings.

Dimensions:
330 x 270 x 3.0 mm
with a cut out for the top corner fittings

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.15: Door Header Protection Plates (Rear Frame Structure).

157
Each door consists of a steel frame composed of hollow structural steel and channel sections. The steel
door frame encloses a corrugated panel. The corrugated panels have five, three, or two corrugations. This
research uses the corrugation panel with five corrugations.

Dimensions:
Overall each door – 2254 x 1143 mm
Cross section – See below

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Door Frame:
Door Panel:

Horizontal Members:
150 x 50 x 3.0 mm 5 Corrugations: 3 Corrugations: 2 Corrugations:
channel section Depth: 36 mm Depth: 40 mm Unknown
Width: 72 mm Interface: 106 mm
Vertical Members: Slope: 68 mm Slope: 22 mm
100 x 50 x 3.2 mm 2.0 mm thick 2.0 mm thick
rectangular hollow
sections

Figure C.16: The Door (Rear Frame Structure).

158
Both doors have an attached locking assembly which includes locking steel tube bars, anti-racking rings,
bearing brackets, bar guide brackets, and cam ends. This research models the Steel Tubes with brackets and
locking cams.

Dimensions:
Thickness of tubes - 2.0 mm (assumed)
Thickness of brackets - 3.0mm (assumed)
Physically measured dimensions in container yard

Stress Limits:
Steel Tubes and Brackets:
Fy= 35 ksi (245.25 N/mm2)
Fu= 58 ksi (402.2 N/mm2)

Cam Ends:
Fy= 35 ksi (245.25 N/mm2)
Fu= 60 ksi (412.0 N/mm2)

Figure C.17: Steel Tube Locking Assembly (Rear Frame Structure).

Four hinges are welded to each door and are attached to the rear corner posts using hinge pins. The research
assumes the hinge connection to the rear corner post is welded.

Dimensions:
Physically Measured

Stress Limits:
Fy= 40 ksi (274.7 N/mm2)
Fu= 65 ksi (451.3 N/mm2)

Figure C.18: Hinges (Rear Frame Structure).

159
The roof structure is composed of five corrugated steel panels which are welded together to form one entity
located on the upper surface of the container.

Dimensions:
5225 x 2356 x 2.0 mm

Corrugation Shape -
Depth: 20 mm, Pitch: 209 mm
Interface: 91 mm
Slope: 13.5 mm
Outerface: 91 mm

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.19: ISO Shipping Container Roof Structure.

Longitudinal structural member situated at the top edge of each side of the container and joined to the
corner fittings of the end frames. The top side rail is a square hollow section (Other top side rail sections
are a “Z” and “—“ shaped, but dimension information is unavailable).

Dimensions:
Length - 2114 mm
Cross Section - 60 x 60 x 3.0 mm

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.20: ISO Shipping Container Top Side Rail.

160
The side wall is a vertically corrugated section composed of multiple welded sheets. There are also small
ventilation holes which are excluded from the research.

Dimensions:
5580 x 2329 x 2.0-1.6 mm
(2.0 mm thickness up to 1116 mm from each corner post, then
becomes 1.6 mm)

Corrugation Shape -
Outer face: 72 mm, Slope: 68 mm
Inner face: 70 mm, Depth: 36 mm, Pitch: 278 mm

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.21: ISO Shipping Container Side Wall.

The front end structure is composed of the front sill and header, two corner posts, four corner fittings, and
an end wall welded together.

Figure C.22: ISO Shipping Container Front End Structure.

161
Lateral structural member situated at the bottom edge of the front end (opposite the door end) of the
container and joined to the corner fittings. The front sill contains three 4.0 mm thick, internal gusset plates.
A cut out near each bottom corner fitting is reinforced by a 200 x 75 x 9.0 mm channel section.

Dimensions:
Length - 2114 mm
A= 60 mm
B= 49 mm
C= 31 mm
D= 121 mm
E= 4.0mm
F= 45 mm

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.23: Bottom End Rail/ Front Sill (Front End Structure).

There are three 4.0 mm thick gusset plates located at the center and spaced 520 mm away from the center
of the front sill in each direction. Each gusset plate fills the cross section.

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.24: Front Sill Gusset Plates (Front End Structure).

Vertical structural member composed of a pressed steel section with sill plates attached to bottom corner
fitting (dimensions unclear). There are cut outs around the corner fittings.

Dimensions:
Height - 2355 mm
A= 174 mm
B= 50 mm
C= 6.0 mm
D= 40 mm
E= 49 mm
F= 50 mm
G= 159 mm

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)
Figure C.25: Front Corner Post (Front End Structure).
162
Lateral structural member situated at the top edge of the front end (opposite the door end) of the container
and joined to the corner fittings. There are protection plates near the top corner fittings. There are multiple
cross sections for the front header, but the first section is used in this research.

Dimensions:
Length - 2312 mm
Cross sections – See below

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

A= 361 mm
B= 4.0 mm
C= 3.0 mm
D= 60 mm
E= 60 mm

A= 365 mm
B= 4.0 mm
C= 60 mm
D= 87 mm

Figure C.26: Front Header (Front End Structure).

The front header contains two protection plates which are near the top corner fittings.
Dimensions:
274 x 270 x 3.0 mm
with a cut out for the
top corner fittings

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.27: Front Header Protection Plate (Front End Structure).

163
The front wall is a vertically corrugated section composed of multiple welded sheets.

Dimensions:
2331 x 2038 x 1.6 – 2.0 mm
(Thickness varies from manufacturer,
research uses 2.0 mm)

Corrugation Shape -
Outer face: 110 mm, Depth 45.6 mm
Inner face: 104 mm, Slope: 18 mm

Stress Limits:
Fy= 50 ksi (343.3 N/mm2)
Fu= 70 ksi (480.7 N/mm2)

Figure C.28: Front Wall (Front End Structure).

164
 APPENDIX D

D. SHIPPING CONTAINER COMPUTER MODELS

165
 Corner Fitting Bottom Side Rail (Base Frame Structure)
Profile Mesh (Each Corner Fitting) Profile Mesh (Each Side Rail)
Dimensions: Figure C.3
Figure C.1
A= 1.58 in2 (1021.5 mm2)
Actual Container See ISO 1161 NA
Ixx= 7.89 in4(3.3E6 mm4)
NA
178 x 162 x 118 mm
Iyy= 0.3 in4 (3.7E5 mm4)
Same as Figure C.3
243 Nodes
Does not contain Corner (Excludes: Forklift
Model 1 Fittings
NA
Pockets/Reinforcing, &
242 Elements
(B31- Linear Line Elem.)
Reinforcement Plates)
Same as Figure C.3
243 Nodes
Does not contain Corner (Excludes: Forklift
Model 2 Fittings
NA
Pockets/Reinforcing, &
242 Elements
(B31- Linear Line Elem.)
Reinforcement Plates)
Same as Figure C.3
2560 Nodes 229 Nodes
Same as actual container (Excludes: Forklift
166

Model 3 (Excludes: Most Fillets)

8056 Elements
Pockets/Reinforcing, &
228 Elements
(C3D4- Linear Tetrahedral Elem.) (B31- Linear Line Elem.)
Reinforcement Plates)
Same as Figure C.3 13886 Nodes
2560 Nodes
Same as actual container (Excludes: Forklift 39115 Elements
Model 4 (Excludes: Most Fillets)
8056 Elements
Pockets/Reinforcing, & (C3D4- Linear Tetrahedral
(C3D4- Linear Tetrahedral Elem.)
Reinforcement Plates) Elements)
Same as Figure C.3 13886 Nodes
2560 Nodes
Same as actual container (Excludes: Forklift 39115 Elements
Model 5 (Excludes: Most Fillets)
8056 Elements
Pockets/Reinforcing, & (C3D4- Linear Tetrahedral
(C3D4- Linear Tetrahedral Elem.)
Reinforcement Plates) Elements)
Continued

Table D.1: Container Component Dimensions and Mesh Information for Each Container Model.
 Table D.1 Continued

Cross Members (Base Frame Structure) Door Sill (Rear Frame Structure)
Mesh (Each Cross
Profile (Each Cross Member) Profile Mesh
Member)
Dimensions: Figure C.5 Dimensions: Figure C.10
Actual A= 1.26-1.45in2 (815-936 mm2) A= 2.74 in2 (1770 mm2)
NA NA
Container Ixx= 4.19 in4(1.7E6 mm4) Ixx= 19.46 in4 (8.0E6 mm4)
Iyy= 0.35 in4 (1.5E5 mm4) Iyy= 6.11 in4 (2.5E6 mm4)
79 Nodes 186 x 89 x 3.3 mm 99 Nodes
Same as Figure C.5 78 Elements A= 2.75 in2 (1771 mm2) 98 Elements
Model 1 (Excludes: Gusset Plates) (B31- Linear Line Ixx= 19.41 in4 (8.0E6mm4) (B31- Linear Line
Elem.) Iyy= 6.16 in4 (2.5E6 mm4) Elem.)
79 Nodes Same as Figure C.10 99 Nodes
Same as Figure C.5 78 Elements (Excludes: Gusset Plates, 98 Elements
Model 2 (Excludes: Gusset Plates) (B31- Linear Line cam keepers, Channel Cut (B31- Linear Line
167

Elem.) Outs, & Corner Cut Outs) Elem.)

79 Nodes Same as Figure C.10 86 Nodes
Same as Figure C.5 78 Elements (Excludes: Gusset Plates, 85 Elements
Model 3 (Excludes: Gusset Plates) (B31- Linear Line cam keepers, Channel Cut (B31- Linear Line
Elem.) Outs, & Corner Cut Outs) Elem.)
79 Nodes 21922 Nodes
Same as Figure C.5 78 Elements 64544 Elements
Model 4 (Excludes: Gusset Plates) (B31- Linear Line
Same as Figure C.10
(C3D4- Linear
Elem.) Tetrahedral Elem.)
79 Nodes 21922 Nodes
Same as Figure C.5 78 Elements 64544 Elements
Model 5 (Excludes: Gusset Plates) (B31- Linear Line
Same as Figure C.10
(C3D4- Linear
Elem.) Tetrahedral Elem.)
Continued
 Table D.1 Continued

Rear Corner Post (Rear Frame Structure) Door Header (Rear Frame Structure)
Mesh
Profile Profile Mesh
(Each Corner Post)
Dimensions: Figure C.12 Dimensions: Figure C.13
Actual A= 6.08 in2 (3924 mm2) A= 5.32 in2 (3433 mm2)
NA NA
Container Ixx= 46.3 in4 (19.2E6 mm4) Ixx= 15.9 in4 (6.6E6 mm4)
Iyy= 2.7 in4(1.1E6 mm4) Iyy= 85.4 in4 (3.6E7 mm4)
222 x 43 x 7.9 mm 134 x 109 x 3.7 mm 99 Nodes
105 Nodes
A= 6.1 in2 (3937 mm2) A= 2.7 in2 (1743 mm2) 98 Elements
Model 1 Ixx= 46.45 in4 (19.3E6 mm4)
104 Elements
Ixx= 11.23 in4 (4.7E6 mm4) (B31- Linear
(B31- Linear Line Elem.)
Iyy= 2.7 in4 (1.1E6 mm4) Iyy= 8.16 in4 (3.4E6 mm4) Line Elem.)
222 x 43 x 7.9 mm Same as Figure C.13 99 Nodes
105 Nodes
A= 6.1 in2 (3937 mm2) (Excludes: Protection & 98 Elements
Model 2 Ixx= 46.45 in4 (19.3E6 mm4)
104 Elements
168

Gusset Plates, Cam Keepers, (B31- Linear

(B31- Linear Line Elem.)
Iyy= 2.7 in4 (1.1E6 mm4) & Corner Cut Outs) Line Elem.)
222 x 43 x 7.9 mm Same as Figure C.13 86 Nodes
95 Nodes
A= 6.1 in2 (3937 mm2) (Excludes: Protection & 85 Elements
Model 3 Ixx= 46.45 in4 (19.3E6 mm4)
94 Elements
Gusset Plates, Cam Keepers, (B31- Linear
(B31- Linear Line Elem.)
Iyy= 2.7 in4 (1.1E6 mm4) & Corner Cut Outs) Line Elem.)
39080 Nodes
18303 Nodes
Same as Figure C.12 116602 Elements
52364 Elements Same as Figure C.13
Model 4 (Excludes: Cut Outs and
(C3D4- Linear Tetrahedral (Excludes: Cam Keepers)
(C3D4- Linear
Reinforcement Plates) Tetrahedral
Elem.)
Elem.)
39080 Nodes
18303 Nodes
Same as Figure C.12 116602 Elements
52364 Elements Same as Figure C.13
Model 5 (Excludes: Cut Outs and
(C3D4- Linear Tetrahedral (Excludes: Cam Keepers)
(C3D4- Linear
Reinforcement Plates) Tetrahedral
Elem.)
Elem.)
Continued
 Table D.1 Continued

The Doors (Rear Frame Structure) Roof (Roof Structure)

Profile Mesh Profile Mesh
Dimensions: Figure C.19
Actual A= 17.6 in2 (11350 mm2)
See Figures C.16, C.17, and C.18 NA NA
Container Ixx= 1.93 in4(8.0E5 mm4)
Iyy= 62035 in4 (2.6E10 mm4)
Uniform Mesh Uniform Mesh
2438 x 1.49 mm 6058 x 1.4 mm
7134 Nodes 16646 Nodes
A= 5.6 in2 (3632 mm2) A= 13.2 in2 (8481 mm2)
Model 1 Ixx= 0.0016 in4 (672 mm4)
6966 Elements
Ixx= 0.0033 in4 (1385 mm4)
16362 Elements
(S4R- Linear Quad. (S4R- Linear Quad.
Iyy= 4323 in4 (1.8E9 mm4) Iyy= 62316 in4 (2.6E10 mm4)
Elem.) Elem.)
Uniform Mesh Uniform Mesh
2438 x 1.49 mm 6058 x 1.4 mm
7134 Nodes 16646 Nodes
A= 5.6 in2 (3632 mm2) A= 13.2 in2 (8481 mm2)
Model 2 6966 Elements 16362 Elements
169

Ixx= 0.0016 in4 (672 mm4) Ixx= 0.0033 in4 (1385 mm4)
(S4R- Linear Quad. (S4R- Linear Quad.
Iyy= 4323 in4 (1.8E9 mm4) Iyy= 62316 in4 (2.6E10 mm4)
Elem.) Elem.)
2276 x 1.8 mm 7447 Nodes 5880 x 1.6 mm 15471 Nodes
A= 6.35 in2 (4096 mm2) 7235 Elements A= 14.58 in2 (9408 mm2) 15132 Elements
Model 3 Ixx= 0.0027 in4 (1106 mm4) (S4- Linear Quad. Elm.) Ixx= 0.0048 in4 (2007 mm4) (S4-Lin.Quad El)
Iyy= 4249 in4 (1.7E9 mm4) 67 Elements Iyy= 65123 in4 (2.7E10 mm4) 98 Elements
(Includes: Corner Cut Outs) (S3- Linear Tri. Elm.) (Includes: Corner Cut Outs) (S3-Lin.Tri.Elm.)
Front Wall Substitution 32727 Nodes
8259 Nodes
2340 x 2.0 mm 32013 Elements
8076 Elements
Model 4 A= 9.06 in2 (5847 mm2) Same as Figure C.19 (S4-Lin.Quad El)
(S4- Linear Quadrilateral
Ixx= 5.22 in4 (2.1E6 mm4) 668 Elements
Elements)
Iyy= 6546.22 in4 (2.7E9 mm4) (S3-Lin.Tri.Elm.)
131125 Nodes
Front Wall Substitution 69786 Nodes
129799 Elements
2340 x 2.0 mm 69244 Elements
(S4- Lin.Quad.Elm.)
Model 5 A= 9.06 in2 (5847 mm2) (S4- Linear Quad. Elm.) Same as Figure C.19
1269 Elements
Ixx= 5.22 in4 (2.1E6 mm4) 20 Elements
(S3- Linear
Iyy= 6546.22 in4 (2.7E9 mm4) (S3- Linear Tri. Elm.)
Triangular .Elm.)
Continued
 Table D.1 Continued

Top Side Rail Side Wall

Mesh (Each Side
Profile Mesh Profile
Wall)
Dimensions: Figure C.20 Dimensions: Figure C.21
Actual A= 1.06 in2 (684 mm2) A= 16.08 in2 (10373 mm2)
NA NA
Container Ixx= 0.89 in4(3.7E5 mm4) Ixx= 4.73 in4(1.9E6 mm4)
Iyy= 0.89 in4 (3.7E5 mm4) Iyy= 70306 in4 (2.9E10 mm4)
6058 x 1.65 mm Uniform Mesh
243 Nodes
A= 15.5 in2 (9996 mm2) 17661 Nodes
242 Elements
Model 1 Same as Figure C.20 Ixx= 0.0054 in4 (2268 mm4) 17473 Elements
(B31- Linear Line
Iyy= 73443 in4 (3.0E10 mm4) (S4R- Linear Quad.
Elem.)
(Excludes: Ventilation Holes) Elem.)
6058 x 1.65 mm Uniform Mesh
243 Nodes
A= 15.5 in2 (9996 mm2) 17661 Nodes
170

242 Elements
Model 2 Same as Figure C.20 Ixx= 0.0054 in4 (2268 mm4) 17473 Elements
(B31- Linear Line
Iyy= 73443 in4 (3.0E10 mm4) (S4R- Linear Quad.
Elem.)
(Excludes: Ventilation Holes) Elem.)
5880 x 1.81 mm
16510 Nodes
229 Nodes A= 16.5 in2 (10643 mm2)
16243 Elements
228 Elements Ixx= 0.0070 in4 (2905 mm4)
Model 3 Same as Figure C.20
(B31- Linear Line Iyy= 73670 in4 (3.0E10 mm4)
(S4- Lin. Quad. Elm.)
60 Elements
Elem.) (Excludes: Ventilation Holes)
(S3- Line. Tri. Elm.)
(Includes: Corner Cut Outs)
25144 Nodes 16195 Nodes
75300 Elements Same as Figure C.21 15912 Elements
Model 4 Same as Figure C.20
(C3D4- Linear (Excludes: Ventilation Holes) (S4- Linear Quad.
Tetrahedral Elem.) Elements)
25144 Nodes 140868 Nodes
75300 Elements Same as Figure C.21 140033 Elements
Model 5 Same as Figure C.20
(C3D4- Linear (Excludes: Ventilation Holes) (S4- Linear Quad.
Tetrahedral Elem.) Elements)
Continued
 Table D.1 Continued

Bottom End Rail/ Front Sill (Front End Structure) Front Corner Post (Front End Structure)
Mesh (Each
Profile Mesh Profile
Corner Post)
Dimensions: Figure C.23 Dimensions: Figure C.25
Actual A= 2.02 in2 (1300 mm2) A= 4.8 in2 (3096 mm2)
NA NA
Container Ixx= 9.52 in4 (3.9E6 mm4) Ixx= 20.5 in4(8.5E6 mm4)
Iyy= 2.31 in4 (9.6E5 mm4) Iyy= 48.1 in4 (20.0E6 mm4)
156 x 64 x 3.0 mm 99 Nodes 218 x 126 x 4.6 mm 105 Nodes
A= 1.99 in2 (1284 mm2) 98 Elements A= 4.77 in2 (3080 mm2) 104 Elements
Model 1 Ixx= 9.45 in4 (3.9E6 mm4) (B31- Linear Line Ixx= 20.7 in4 (8.6E6 mm4) (B31- Linear
Iyy= 2.33 in4 (9.6E5 mm4) Elem.) Iyy= 48.48 in4 (20.1E6 mm4) Line Elem.)
99 Nodes 105 Nodes
Same as actual container Same as Figure C.25
98 Elements 104 Elements
Model 2 (Excludes: Gusset Plates & (Excludes: Corner Cut Outs
171

(B31- Linear Line (B31- Linear

Channel Cut Outs) and Sill Plates)
Elem.) Line Elem.)
86 Nodes 218 x 126 x 4.6 mm 95 Nodes
Same as Figure C.23
85 Elements A= 4.77 in2 (3080 mm2) 94 Elements
Model 3 (Excludes: Gusset Plates &
(B31- Linear Line Ixx= 20.7 in4 (8.6E6 mm4) (B31- Linear
Channel Cut Outs)
Elem.) Iyy= 48.48 in4 (20.1E6 mm4) Line Elem.)
15377 Nodes 25349 Nodes
44858 Elements 74382 Elements
Model 4 Same as Figure C.23
(C3D4- Linear
Same as Figure C.25
(C3D4- Linear
Tetrahedral Elem.) Tetra. Elem.)
15377 Nodes 25349 Nodes
44858 Elements 74382 Elements
Model 5 Same as Figure C.23
(C3D4- Linear
Same as Figure C.25
(C3D4- Linear
Tetrahedral Elem.) Tetra. Elem.)
Continued
 Table D.1 Continued

Front Header (Front End Structure) Front Wall (Front End Structure)
Profile Mesh Profile Mesh
Dimensions: Figure C.26 Dimensions: Figure C.28
Actual A= 3.3 in2 (2128 mm2) A= 7.76 in2 (5009 mm2)
NA NA
Container Ixx= 1.27 in4 (5.3E5 mm4) Ixx= 4.58 in4(1.9E6 mm4)
Iyy= 88.5 in4 (3.7E7 mm4) Iyy= 4134 in4 (1.7E9 mm4)
Uniform Mesh
60 x 60 x 3.0 mm 99 Nodes 2438 x 1.49 mm
7134 Nodes
A= 1.06 in2 (684 mm2) 98 Elements A= 5.6 in2 (3632 mm2)
Model 1 Ixx= 0.89 in4(3.7E5 mm4) (B31- Linear Ixx= 0.0016 in4 (672 mm4)
6966 Elements
(S4R- Linear Quad.
Iyy= 0.89 in4 (3.7E5 mm4) Line Elem.) Iyy= 4323 in4 (1.8E9 mm4)
Elem.)
Uniform Mesh
99 Nodes 2438 x 1.49 mm
Same as Figure C.26 7134 Nodes
98 Elements A= 5.6 in2 (3632 mm2)
Model 2 (Excludes: Protection Plates 6966 Elements
172

(B31- Linear Ixx= 0.0016 in4 (672 mm4)

& Corner Cut Outs) (S4R- Linear Quad.
Line Elem.) Iyy= 4323 in4 (1.8E9 mm4)
Elem.)
2276 x 1.8 mm 7447 Nodes
86 Nodes
Same as Figure C.26 A= 6.35 in2 (4096 mm2) 7235 Elements
85 Elements
Model 3 (Excludes: Protection Plates Ixx= 0.0027 in4 (1106 mm4) (S4- Lin. Quad. Elm.)
(B31- Linear
& Corner Cut Outs) Iyy= 4249 in4 (1.7E9 mm4) 67 Elements
Line Elem.)
(Includes: Corner Cut Outs) (S3- Lin.Tri. Elm.)
28899 Nodes 8259 Nodes
86150 Elements 8076 Elements
Model 4 Same as Figure C.26
(C3D4- Linear
Same as Figure C.28
(S4- Linear Quad.
Tetra. Elem.) Elements)
28899 Nodes 60840 Nodes
86150 Elements 60347 Elements
Model 5 Same as Figure C.26
(C3D4- Linear
Same as Figure C.28
(S4- Linear Quad.
Tetra. Elem.) Elements)
 Roof Side Walls Front/Rear Walls Corner Fittings Front Corner Posts

Elements Failing Warpage (0%) Tet Collapse (0%) Aspect (0%)

Quality Check Chord Dev (0%) Vol skew (0%) Tet Collapse (0%)
Jacobian (0%) None None Vol skew (0%)
(% total for
component) Vol AR (0%)

2D Automesh 2D Automesh 2D Automesh 3D Tetramesh 3D Tetramesh

Hypermesh (2009) Size and Bias Size and Bias Size and Bias 2D: Trias, 3D: Tetras 2D: Trias, 3D: Tetras
Meshing Element Size= 10 Element Size= 20 Element Size= 20 Element Size=5 Element Size=5
173

Information Optimize Mesh

Mesh Type: Mixed Mesh Type: Mixed Mesh Type: Mixed Optimize Mesh Quality
Quality

Total Number of Total Number of Total Number of Total No. of Nodes: Total No. of Nodes:
Nodes:131125 Nodes: 75114 Nodes: 29328 114018 215283
Total Number of Total Number of Total Number of
Total Number of Total Number of
Elements: 129799 (S4) Elements: Elements:
ABAQUS/CAE Elements: 74270 (S4) Elements: 28845 (S4)
1269 (S3) 448536 (C3D4) 648819 (C3D4)
(2010) Information
Warnings: 17
Distorted Isoparametric
Warnings: None Warnings: None Warnings: None Warnings: None
Elm. & 8 Warped Elem.
(nodes not adjusted)
Continued

Table D.2: Meshing Information for Final Container Model.

 Table D.2 Continued

Front Header Front Sill Base Side Rail Side Top Rails Rear Corner Posts

Elements Failing Tet Collapse (0%) Tet Collapse (0%) Vol skew (0%) Tet Collapse (0%)
Quality Check Vol skew (0%) Vol skew (0%) Vol skew (0%)
None
(% total for
component)
174

3D Tetramesh 3D Tetramesh 3D Tetramesh 3D Tetramesh 3D Tetramesh

Hypermesh (2009) 2D: Trias, 3D: Tetras 2D: Trias, 3D: Tetras 2D: Trias, 3D: Tetras 2D: Trias, 3D: Tetras 2D: Trias, 3D: Tetras
Meshing Element Size=8 Element Size=8 Element Size=8 Element Size=8 Element Size=5
Information Optimize Mesh Optimize Mesh
Optimize Mesh Quality Optimize Mesh Quality Optimize Mesh Quality
Quality Quality

Total Number of Total Number of Total Number of Nodes: Total Number of Nodes: Total Number of Nodes:
Nodes: 45437 Nodes: 24268 84304 85760 233734
Total Number of Total Number of Total Number of Total Number of Total Number of
Elements: Elements: Elements: Elements: Elements:
ABAQUS/CAE
135542 (C3D4) 71243 (C3D4) 244002 (C3D4) 256920 (C3D4) 751731 (C3D4)
(2010) Information Warnings: 2
Distorted Tetrahedral
Warnings: None Warnings: None Warnings: None Warnings: None
Elements (nodes not
adjusted)
Continued
 Table D.2 Continued

Door Header Door Sill Base Beam Plate Cross Members

Aspect (0%) Tet Collapse (0%) Vol skew (0%)

Elements Failing
Tet Collapse (0%) Vol skew (0%)
Quality Check
Vol skew (0%) None
(% total for Vol AR (0%)
component) Min Angle (0%)
175

3D Tetramesh 3D Tetramesh 3D Tetramesh

Hypermesh (2009) Meshed in Abaqus/CAE
2D: Trias, 3D: Tetras 2D: Trias, 3D: Tetras 2D: Trias, 3D: Tetras
Meshing Element Size=5 Element Size=8 Element Size=5
(2010)
Information Element Size=8
Optimize Mesh Quality Optimize Mesh Quality Optimize Mesh Quality

Total Number of Nodes: Total Number of Total Number of Total Number of Nodes:
158528 Nodes: 34696 Nodes: 11405 5274
Total Number of Total Number of
Total Number of Elements: Total Number of Elements:
Elements: Elements:
ABAQUS/CAE 487397 (C3D4) 5256 (B31)
102648 (C3D4) 32443 (C3D4)
(2010) Information
Warnings: 11 Distorted Warnings: 1 Distorted
Tetrahedral Elements Tetrahedral Elements Warnings: None Warnings: None
(nodes not adjusted) (nodes not adjusted)
 Loading
Scenario 1
M1 M4 M6 M2 M3 M7 M5 M8

Maximum
Applied Force 942 kN 942 kN 942 kN 942 kN 735 kN 735 kN 725.2 kN 717.3 kN
(Each Corner (211.7 kip) (211.7 kip) (211.7 kip) (211.7 kip) (165 kip) (165 kip) (163 kip) (161 kip)
Fitting)
Maximum
Applied Force
--- 0% 0% 0% -22% -22% -23% -24%
% Change
from M1
1.25 mm 1.25 mm 2.2 mm 7.64 mm 7.8 mm 7.8 mm 9.8 mm 9.8 mm
Displacement
176

(0.05 in.) (0.05 in.) (0.087 in.) (0.3 in.) (0.3 in.) (0.3 in.) (0.38 in.) (0.38 in.)

754 kN/mm 754 kN/mm 428 kN/mm 124 kN/mm 94 kN/mm 94 kN/mm 74 kN/mm 73 kN/mm
Stiffness
(4303 kip/in.) (4303 kip/in.) (2445 kip/in.) (707 kip/in.) (538 kip/in.) (538 kip/in.) (423 kip/in.) (418 kip/in.)
Stiffness %
Change from --- 0% -43% -84% -87% -87% -90% -90%
M1
Simulation
4613 2829 4043 2797 4219 4467 2622 1857
Time (seconds)
Continued

Table D.3: Container Model Results for Loading Scenario 1.

 Table D.3 Continued

Loading
Scenario 1
Original Container (M1) Sidewalls Removed (M2) Endwalls Removed (M3) Roof Removed (M4)

Container
Stress
177

Exaggerated
Deflection

Yielding
Location

Bottom Face of Door Header Bottom Face of Door Header by Bottom Face of Door Header by
Door Header connection to Rear
by Corner Fittings (Rear Wall Corner Fittings (Rear Wall Corner Fittings (Rear Wall
Corner Posts
Removed for Clarity) Removed for Clarity) Removed for Clarity)
Continued