What I Know

This activity will enable you to assess your prior knowledge

from the topic that will be discussed in this lesson.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer
and write your answer in your activity notebook.
1. It defines how people relate to nature and their physical environment.
a. Politics b. Anthropology c. Culture d. Sociology
2. It always describes human, human behavior, and human societies
around the world.
a. Sociology b. Anthropology c. Political Science d. Culture 3. It
is a social science that deals with humans and their interactions.
a. Sociology b. Anthropology c. Political Science d.
Culture 4. Why anthropology a holistic discipline?
a. because the meaning of anthropology is came from Greek terms
antropos (human) and logos (study).
b. because it seeks to answer the questions about human beings and
its spiritual and psychological experiences.
c. because it uses an extensive and inclusive approach about the
study of human biological and sociological being.
d. because there is a cultural anthropology to find the answers about
the questions regarding human as creation of God.
5. It is a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in
some person or thing.
a. Beliefs b. Customs c. Traditions d. Norms
6. Is the study of anthropology important to the present generation?
Why?
a. no because it gives a complex confusion about the understanding
of different societies.
b. no because the studies of anthropology before are not been
applicable in this present times.
c. yes because anthropologists are government paid individuals, so
they need to do their part as employees.
d. yes because knowing about the past gives better understanding of
today and best development comes in.
7. It refers to a theoretical foundation of contemporary anthropology.
a. Nature of politics c. Nature of culture
b. Nature of anthropology d. Nature of sociology
8. It attempts to explain how the social world operates.
a. Political theory c. Anthropological theory
b. Sociological theory d. Cultural theory
9. It is used to analyse and explain objects of social study and facilitate
organizing sociological knowledge.
a. Theoretical perspective c. Cultural perspective
b. Conflict perspective d. Functionalist perspective
10. It sees social life as a competition, and focuses on the
distribution of resources, power, and inequality.
a. Theoretical perspective c. Cultural perspective
b. Conflict perspective d. Functionalist perspective
11. The are branches of anthropology EXCEPT:
a. archaeology b. biological c. cultural
d. linguistic e. sociological
12. Which is a maladaptive culture but not adaptive?
a. Filipino people wanted to have car even roads can’t
accommodate of many vehicles.
b. Muslim countries like Saudi Arabia and Dubai eating pork even
against their culture.
c. People in north side of Europe wearing thick kinds of clothing
even summer season.
d. The department of education adapt other kinds of modalities to
deliver the quality of learning.
13. The best statement for the general understanding of the word
“deculturation”
a. cultural understanding is base from facts that never been
forgotten.
b. cultural application is base from theory of knowledge that
forgotten.
c. cultural beliefs that can change because of the needs of the
society.
d. cultural beliefs that can’t change because of the society’s needs.
14. What is the best content explanation of
the figure about culture?
a. culture is a complex learning from other
cultures
b. culture is shared from mother culture to
other culture.
c. culture is adaptive form what the environment needed.
 d. culture changes if needed to change for survival.

15. For the historicism’s perspective as one theory of culture, that each
culture is unique and must be studied in its own context. Are you
amenable into it? Why?

a. definitely yes because no one can answer the uniqueness of

culture to other culture if there is study about the origin of life.
b. maybe because people do not only rely into one perspective but
by many as possible ways to apply in life’s situations.
c. no because history makes the study of culture, politics and
society complicated in the field of sociology and psychology.
d. yes because by the study, readers can evaluate their actions
and decisions about life process in the name of socialization.
Lesson Analyze the concept, aspects
1 and changes of culture and
society
What does it mean to be human? This question is the focus of anthropology
to answer. It is also the focus of this lesson to discuss the study of culture in an
anthropological perspective. By knowing human culture variation, it will give us
better understanding about human culture and the society in general.

This module aids to explain the important of anthropology in the study and
culture.

What’s In
Imagine our society in this present situation. In the midst of this
pandemic, do you notice some of the cultural change in your area?
Example, mothers in the morning are in one place talking another person
in the barangay but now, we can’t see that happen frequently or in the
celebrations, we love to have mass gathering but now, we can’t able to do
such.

Activity 1. What I Think About This

Directions: List down your observations about the given picture below.
Write your observations in your activity notebook.
Guide Questions:

1. What are the things you can observe in the pictures?

2. What do you think are the images all about? How can you say that?
3. Do you think, there is a need to study human further? Why or why
not?

Great! Your answers symbolized that you have already know some of
the parts/concepts of the lesson. In this juncture, you may be also
thinking of your part in the study of society. For the preparation of the
next lesson, concentrate first on the next activity to test your
knowledge.

What’s New
Activity 2. Fill up what is missing

Direction: Copy the figure below and fill up the blank images regarding
Guide Questions:

y ou r u n d er s ta n d in g a b ou t th e w or d in th e c en ter / top .

A . A n th r op olog y C u ltu re
A n th ropology

B . C u ltu r e
 1. From your answers, what are the things you notice?
2. Do you think anthropology and culture are connected to each other?
How?
3. Are you now ready for the lesson?

What is It
After accomplishing the first activities, you are in the point
of elaborating the topic from the first module to this module by means of
discussion as stated below:

Topic 1. Concept of Anthropology

The field of anthropology that state humans’ study by humans is one

of the simplest statements for the term. Unlike other disciplines of the
social sciences, this promotes a holistic study of humans. Anthropology is
derived from two Greek words antropos (human) and logos (study). The
extensive and inclusive approach such that anthropology studies humans
as both biological and social creatures. It inquires on the genetic
composition of humans, their relationship with other primates, and their
evolution is what in the biological aspect concern about. Socially, it
inquires on human behaviors, attitudes, and belief systems, which range
from birth practices to burial rites.

According to Ember, and Peregrine, 2010, anthropology can be defined as

“the study of people- their origins, their development, and contemporary
variations, wherever they have been found on the face of the earth”.

Another key element that makes anthropology holistic is its research

time frame, which ranges from the evolution of humans from single specie
to what we are in the current form. Various ethnic groupings and
geographic locations of humans are also part of the study of anthropology.

The following are the subdisciplines of anthropology:

1. Applied anthropology. Through the applications of theories and
approaches of the discipline, this subdiscipline attempts to solve
contemporary problems.

2. Archaeology. It examines the remains of ancient and historical

human populations to promote an understanding of how humans
have adapted to their environment and developed.

3. Cultural anthropology. This promotes the study of a society’s culture

through their belief systems, practices, and possessions.Linguistic
anthropology. It examines the language of a group of people and its
relation to their culture.

4. Physical anthropology. Views into the biological development of

humans and their contemporary variation.

Anthropology key strength as a discipline of social science is its holistic

approach to the study of humans. It is holistic in the sense that it studies the
following:

a. Humans, both as biological and social creatures;

b. Human behavior from the time the species existed to the
time that it will desist;
 c. Human behavior from all regions of the world;
d. All forms of human actions and beliefs.
The discipline’s arm in the applied science addresses the contemporary
issues of a globalizing world and informs public policy. For example, ethnographic
researches on social issues provide international organizations and governments
key indicators for policy reforms and implementations.

Activity 3. My Learning so far

Direction: Answer the following questions in a one whole sheet of paper:

1. What is/are the additional information you gain about
anthropology?
_________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________
_ _____________________________________________.
2. Why is anthropology a holistic discipline?
_________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________
_ ____________________________________________________________.
3. Give your own example on each branch of anthropology?
a._______________________________________________________________
_ _____________________________________________.
b._______________________________________________________________
_ ____________________________________________.
c._______________________________________________________________
_ ___________________________________________.
d.
_______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________.
e._______________________________________________________________
_ ____________________________________________.
Lesson

2CtoonCnueltcutiroen of
anthropology
 You have always heard the word culture being used in
conversations. At times, it refers to some ethnic; some people think of it as
an allencompassing term that separates humans from the rest of the
animal kingdom. In addition, you also learned the concept of anthropology.
Human study humans as the general meaning. After this lesson, you can
answer the question; What is the connection of anthropology to culture?
Or vice versa.

What’s In
In the previous module, culture and anthropology are already
defined. By this time, the discussion gives more impasses in there
connections. Do you want to continue the lesson? If so, you must do this
activity first to summarize the first lesson and connects to the next one.
This is also an initial step in the analyzation of the concept, aspects, and
changes in/of culture and society; and explain the importance of cultural
relativism in attaining cultural understanding.

Activity 4. Explain me!

Direction: Explain in writing (one half sheet of paper) this concept:

“Anthropologist said, culture enables humans to survive in their
environment”

___________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________
_ _____________________________________________________________.

*Use this table as the guidelines of assessment.

Categories Points
Demonstrate a best knowledge and understanding regarding the 10
concept. Grammar and spelling, as well as cleanliness of work are
very visible

Demonstrate a better knowledge and understanding regarding the 8

concept. Grammar and spelling, as well as cleanliness of work are
clearly visible

Demonstrate the knowledge and understanding regarding the 6

concept. Grammar and spelling, as well as cleanliness of work are
visible

Demonstrate the knowledge and understanding regarding the 4

concept. Grammar and spelling, as well as cleanliness of work are
not so visible

No written work 0
Great Job! You can now go to the next lesson because you already
done the first activity to the lesson of the module. Now, prepare yourself
with the question: am I really aware the concept of culture? Then read the
next part.
 What’s New
Activity 5. Your song!

Direction: Read the statements below and compose a song which the
lyrics are literally, discussing what you understand.

“The actualization of human being in all his/her learning is what we

called culture. This idea is the overall concept about the new topic. As the
lesson presented, it will give you the meaning of culture like the following:

1. Culture refers to a group or community which shares common

experiences that shape the way its members understand the world.
It includes groups that we are born into, such as race, national
origin, gender, class, or religion. It can also include a group we join
or become part of.

2. Culture is a strong part of people's lives. It influences their views,

values, humor, hopes, loyalties, worries and fears. It helps to have
some perspective and understanding of their cultures.

3. Culture and society defined, culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors,

objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a
particular group or society.

4. Through culture, people and groups define themselves, conform to

society's shared values, and contribute to society.

5. The major elements of culture are symbols, language, norms, values,

and artifacts.

a. A symbol is anything that is used to stand for something else.

People who share a culture often attach a specific meaning to an
object, gesture, sound, or image. For example, a cross is a
significant symbol to Christians. It is not simply two pieces of
 wood attached to each other, nor is it just an old object of torture
and execution. To Christians, it represents the basis of their
entire religion, and they have great reverence for the symbol.

b. Language is a system of words and symbols used to communicate

with other people. This includes full languages as we usually
think of them, such as English, Spanish, French, etc. but, it also
includes body language, slang, and common phrases that are
unique to certain groups of people.

c. Systems of values are culturally defined standards for what is

good or desirable. Members of the culture use the shared system
of values to decide what is good and what is bad.”

_________________________________
Title

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

What is It
Your initial understanding about the topic is already trace up. At this
point of time, you are already facing the next level of the module.

Topic 2. Connection of anthropology to Culture

The relationship of anthropology and culture is an important factor

in order to achieve a great result. The branch of anthropology that
obsessed in the study of culture is cultural anthropology.

Cultural anthropology (as you might expect) deals with culture in all
of its myriad and delightful forms. It attempts to define what culture is, to
work out how it interacts with both people and the other cultures around
it, and how it changes over time.

Cultural anthropologists will tell you that pretty much everything to

do with humans is culture. There are precious few non-biological things
that are true human universals. Armed out-group conflict is one. Another
is the maternal incest taboo (note that incest itself is not a universal taboo).

Aside from these scarce universals, literally everything about

humanity is mutable, and you can find examples of these differences all
around the world. For lack of a better explanation, these differences are
culture.

“Culture” is the sum of learned, non-instinctual behaviors and beliefs

that humans pass on from generation to generation. It’s not one, unified,
thing, but something groups of people create. Groups of people overlap in
various ways, and each group creates its own “culture” — so those cultures
overlap, too. How we know about it, is because of the study of
anthropology.

Anthropology is “the study of humankind.” One of the things having

to do with humans, is their culture — its wide variety, as well as the
underlying universals. The branch of anthropology that focuses on the
study of culture is “cultural anthropology.”

So, anthropology and culture are interrelated to each other.

Anthropology study human actualization and culture is the factor of that
actualization.

Activity 6. Connect me!

Direction: Write what you learned from the discussion about the connection of
a n th ropology an d cu ltu re.

Anthropology Connection/s Culture

*Use this table as the guidelines of assessment.

Categories Points
Demonstrate a best knowledge and understanding regarding the 10
topic. Grammar and spelling, as well as cleanliness of work are very
visible

Demonstrate a better knowledge and understanding regarding the 8

topic. Grammar and spelling, as well as cleanliness of work are

clearly visible
Demonstrate the knowledge and understanding regarding the topic. 6
Grammar and spelling, as well as cleanliness of work are visible
Demonstrate the knowledge and understanding regarding the topic. 4
Grammar and spelling, as well as cleanliness of work are not so
visible

No written work 0
Guide Questions:

1. What is the connection of anthropology to culture?

2. Is this important in the study of the subject? Why?
3. Are you ready for the next topic?

Activity 7. Alternating Flow Chart

Direction: Using the alternating flow chart, write your opinion on the
concept, aspects and changes of culture and society on a separate sheet of
paper.

Processed Questions:
1. What are your findings/ opinions based on facts?
2. What are the positive effects of globalization?
3. How can you make the negative effects of globalization into positive one?
Topic 3. Understanding Society
 Before you start the topic, please look at your community. Imagine
how this community compose by many societies and the society that
compose by many communities.

In this topic, you will understand deeper what society is by the

knowledge of some scholars (sociologist). You may start with this activity.

Activity 8. Fill it in!!!

Direction: Give your initial knowledge regarding the word society that
connects to your last lesson. Complete the graphic organizer below to give
y ou r in itia l c on c ep t. U s e a n oth er s h eet of p a p er .

Society

Guide Questions:

1. What are the words, phrases and sentences that come into your mind
if you heard or read the word society?

2. Do you think this information can already give the whole concept of
society? Why or why not?

3. Why do we need to study more about it?

 The product of human interactions as humans subscribe to the rules
of their culture is called society. In general information of society, quote as
organization that caters to a human’s need for belongingness in a group.
The table below presents the varying understanding of society as prescribe
by sociologist.

Perspective on Society Sociologist

Society is an exchange of gestures that involves the use George Herbert
of symbols. Mead
Society as a social organism possessing a harmony of August Comte
structure and function.

Society as the complex of organized associations and George Douglas

institutions with a community. Cole
Society is a total complex of human relationships in so Talcott Parsons
far as they grow out of the action in terms of meansend
relationship.

Society as a reality in its own right. Collective Emile Durkheim

consciousness is the key importance to society, which
society cannot survive without.

Society as a system of usages and procedures of Robert Maclver

authority and mutual aid of many groupings and and Charles Page
divisions of controls to human behavior and liberties.

Society as a collection of individuals united by certain Morris Ginsberg

relations or mode of behavior that marks individuals off
from others who do not enter into these relations or
who differ from them in behavior.

*Theories of comparison about Society

Note: The common terms that surfaced in these definitions are the following:
1. Social 4. Structure 7. Symbols 10. Exchange
2. Function 5. Complex 8. Behavior 11. Institutions
3. Collective 6. Relationship 9. System
Activity 9. Essay Writing
Directions: Use separate sheet of paper to explain in writing your understanding
regarding the concept, aspects and changes of culture and society. Use the rubric
assessment of activity 6 as guide to this activity.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_ __________________________________________________________________________.

Lesson Explain the Importance of

Cultural Relativism in Attaining
3 C Cultural Understanding

Hi! Welcome to the last part of this module (but this lesson is for
week 3). The first and second lesson as well as the first module,
introduced you to the world of culture and society. It guides you
in tracing the roots of culture and society, and it provides you
some detailed account on their contributions to this fast-
changing world. Are you ready to learn more? Great!

What’s In
From the last lesson, you studied the connection of anthropology to
culture and analyze the concept, aspects and changes of culture and
society. In this lesson, it will give you the discussion about the importance
of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding.

Upon, finishing this lesson, you are expected to define cultural relativism,
and explain the importance of cultural relativism in
attaining cultural understanding.

What’s New
Activity 10. Complete Me!
Directions: Complete the diagram by supplying the importance of cultural
relativism in attaining cultural understanding. Write your answer on
separate sheet.

Questions:
1. What is the importance of cultural relativism?
2. How do you relate each of its importance? 3. Why do you think it is
important to know cultural relativism?

What is It
Was it hard to complete the diagram? To give you an idea of what it
is, read and understand the following concepts:

❖ Cultural relativism is the ability to understand a culture on its

own terms and not to make judgments using the standards of one's
own culture.

❖ The goal of this is to promote understanding of cultural

practices that are not typically part of one's own culture.

❖ Cultural Relativism is important to anthropology and one of the

things that makes anthropology unique because it is a tool, a method
for attempting to see things from a multiplicity of viewpoints so as to
better understand them.

❖ Cultural Relativism does not mean that anything a culture does

is good or moral. This is one of the ones that confuse people.

❖ Cultural relativism teaches us that, marriage patterns are

cultural options, not objective truth.

❖ Cultural Relativism doesn’t mean that cultures can’t be

compared. There is sometimes a strange notion that there are no
commonalities between cultures.

❖ This is one of the reasons why those trained in cultural

anthropology are often great problem
solvers for complex issues.
 What’s More
Activity 11. Stop and Reflect
Directions: Create a table that shows a summary of what you have learned
from the discussion above. Write your answer in your separate sheet of
paper
What Cultural What Cultural The importance of
Relativism is Relativism is not Cultural Relativism

WH A T I L E A R NE D

A c tiv ity 1 2 . C on c ept u aliz e Me

D ir ec tion : U s e th e g iv en p ic tu r e to c on c ep tu a li z e th e
im p or ta n c e of c u ltu r a l r ela tiv is m in a tta in in g c u ltu r a l
u n d er s ta n d in g .
Guide questions:

1. What can you say about the picture?

2. How do the given words from the picture help you conceptualize the
importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding?

What I Can Do
In this point of time, you have already developed the concepts and
knowledge about cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding.
Do you remember it all? It’s okay if not at all, at least majority of it is.

Activity 13. Spoken Poetry

Now, make a spoken poetry explaining the importance of cultural
relativism in attaining cultural understanding base from what you have
learn.
*Please be guided by this rubric below:
Categories Points
Demonstrate a best knowledge and understanding about the topic. 20
The application of art is highly observed.
Demonstrate a better knowledge and understanding about the topic. 15
The application of art is observed.
Demonstrate a good knowledge and understanding about the topic. 10
The application of art is observed.
Demonstrate the slight knowledge and understanding about the 5
topic. The application of art is slightly observed.

No work submitted 0

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. For the historicism’s perspective as one theory of culture, that each

culture is unique and must be studied in its own context. Are you
amenable into it? Why?

a. definitely yes because no one can answer the uniqueness of

culture to other culture if there is study about the origin of life.
b. maybe because people do not only rely into one perspective but
by many as possible ways to apply in life’s situations.
c. no because history makes the study of culture, politics and
society complicated in the field of sociology and psychology.
d. yes because by the study, readers can evaluate their actions
and decisions about life process in the name of socialization.

2. It defines how people relate to nature and their physical environment.

a. Politics b. Anthropology c. Culture d. Sociology
3. It refers to a theoretical foundation of contemporary anthropology.
a. Nature of politics c. Nature of culture
b. Nature of anthropology d. Nature of sociology
4. Is the study of anthropology important to the present generation?
Why?
a. no because it gives a complex confusion about the
understanding of different societies.
 b. no because the studies of anthropology before are not been
applicable in this present times.
c. yes because anthropologists are government paid individuals, so
they need to do their part as employees.
d. yes because knowing about the past gives better understanding
of today and best development comes in.
5. It always describes human, human behavior, and human societies around
the world.

a. Sociology b. Anthropology c. Political Science d.

Culture
6. It is a social science that deals with humans and their interactions.
a. Sociology b. Anthropology c. Political Science d.
Culture
7. Why anthropology a holistic discipline?
a. because the meaning of anthropology is came from Greek terms
antropos (human) and logos (study).
b. because it seeks to answer the questions about human beings and
its spiritual and psychological experiences.
c. because it uses an extensive and inclusive approach about the
study of human biological and sociological being.
d. because there is a cultural anthropology to find the answers about
the questions regarding human as creation of God.
8. It is a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in
some person or thing.
a. Beliefs b. Customs c. Traditions d. Norms
9. It attempts to explain how the social world operates.
a. Political theory c. Anthropological theory
b. Sociological theory d. Cultural theory

10. It is used to analyse and explain objects of social study and facilitate
organizing sociological knowledge.
a. Theoretical perspective c. Cultural perspective
b. Conflict perspective d. Functionalist perspective

11. It sees social life as a competition, and focuses on the distribution of

resources, power, and inequality.
a. Theoretical perspective c. Cultural perspective
b. Conflict perspective d. Functionalist perspective

12. These are branches of anthropology EXCEPT:

 a. archaeology b. biological c. cultural
d. linguistic e. sociological

13. Which is a maladaptive culture but not adaptive?

a. Filipino people wanted to have car even roads can’t
accommodate of many vehicles.
b. Muslim countries like Saudi Arabia and Dubai eating pork even
against their culture.
c. People in north side of Europe wearing thick kinds of clothing
even summer season.
d. The department of education adapt other kinds of modalities to
deliver the quality of learning.

14. The best statement for the general understanding of the word
“deculturation”
a. cultural understanding is base from facts that never been
forgotten.
b. cultural application is base from theory of knowledge that
forgotten.
c. cultural beliefs that can change because of the needs of the
society.
d. cultural beliefs that can’t change because of the society’s needs.

15. What is the best content explanation of

the figure about culture?
a. culture is a complex learning from other
cultures
b. culture is shared from mother culture to
other culture.
c. culture is adaptive form what the environment needed.
d. culture changes if needed to change for survival.
 Additional Activities
In addition, you need to comply first to this activity below before
submittion.

Activity 14. Essay lang tol!

Directions: Answer the question below. Write your answer in a separate
sheet of paper with NOT MORE THAN 200 WORDS.

1. Why do you think there is a need to understand cultural relativism

in our society? Expound your answer by providing examples.

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