The Study of Dr. “ass P. Rizal Course and Republic Act No. 14.25 Objectives At the end of the chapter, the student should be able to: _* Explain the history of Rizal Law and its important provisions; * Gain insights about Dr. Jose P. Rizal course and its important provisions by reading the Republic Act (R.A.) 1425 / Rizal Law; : * Familiarize with the laws and acts passed in the Philippines that gave recognition to Rizal's achievements and contribution to the Philippines; * Critically assess the usefulness /effectiyeness of the Rizal course; and * Evaluate the heroism and martyrdom of Dr. Jose P. Rizal.” Scanned with CamScannerCHAPTER I The Study of Dr. Jose P. Rizal Course and Republic Act No. i The study of Dr. Jose P. Rizal's life, works and writings has been mandated 'y Republic Act no. 1425 known as the Rizal Law, approved on June 12, 1956, Provides for the integration of the study of the life and works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal in the curriculum of the tertiary level and took effect on August 16, 1956. In July 1956, Jose P. Laurel, Claro Mayo Recto, Jose B. Laurel Jr., Jacobo Gonzales, Lorenzo Tafiada-and other lawmakers sponsored the RA. 1425 that would enforce the teaching of the life and works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal. The law mandates that a course on the life of Dr. Jose Rizal should be included in the curricula in all schools, colleges, and. universities especially in tertiary and graduate levels both in public and private schools. It should consist of the study of Rizal's life, works and virtues, most notably the two great novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. The Father of Rizal Law: Claro Mayo Recto Sin PSE: I PROFILE OF CLARO MAYO RECTO * Born February 8, 1890, Tiaong Tayabas, (Quezon Province) Died October 2, 1960 Rome, Italy (aged:70) | Parents Claro Recto, Sr. (Rasario, Batangas). Micaela Mayo (Lipa, Batangas) Spouse(s) ‘Angeles Silos, Aurora Reyes +. jildren Rafael Recto, Claro Recto, Nena Recto, one Jose Maria Recto, Chona Recto. Scanned with CamScannerBooks/Articles | Vintage Recto: Memorable Speeches and writings Two-volume book on civil procedures for law students Bajo los Cocoteros (Under the Cococnyt Trees, 191 1) La Ruta de Damasco (The Route to Damascus,1917) Solo entre las sombras (Alone among the Shadows, 1917) Monroismo asiatico (Asiatic Monroism, 1929) Education 1900-1901, studied Latin, Instituto de Rizal, Lipa, Batangas Colegio del Sagrado Corazon of Don Sebastian Virrey Ateneo de Manila, Bachelor of Arts degree maxima Cum laude Master of Laws, University of Santo Tomas (UST) 1969, Doctor of Laws, Central Phillipine University (CPU) Position held | Associate Justice, Supreme Court of the Philippines, 1945-1946 Senate Majority Leader,1934-1935 Senator, Senate of the Philippines, 1931-1934 Member, House of Representative,1919-1928 Claro Mayo Recto, he was a Filipino politician, jurist, poet and one of the great statemen of his generation. He is remembered for his nationalism, for “the impact of his patriotic convictions on modern political thought”. He launched his political career as a legal adviser to the first Philippine Senate in 1916. In 1919, he was elected representative from the second district of Batangas. He served as a minority floor leader for several years until 1925. His grasp of parliamentary procedures won him the praises of friends and challengers alike. He traveled to the United States as a member of the Independence Mission and was admitted to the American Bar in 1924. Upon His return, he founded the Partido Democrata. In 1928, he temporarily retired from active politics and dedicated himself to the practice and teaching of law. Recto found the world of academia restrictive and tiresome. Although he still engaged in the practice of law, he resigned from his teaching job in 1931 and re-entered politics when he ran and won a senate seat and was subsequently elected its majority floor leader in 1934. Recto was known as an abogado ‘milagroso (layer of miracles), a tribute to his may victories in the judicial court. He was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philiipines in 1935 by U.S.A. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. ‘Asa jurist, he debated against U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Attorney General Herbert Brownell Jr. on the question of U.S. ownership of military bases ‘im the Philippines, a question that remained unsolved. Recto presided over the assembly that drafted the Philippine Constitution in 1934-1935 in accordnce with the provisions of the Tydings Mc DuffieAct and a preliminary step to independence and self-governance after a 10-year transistional period. His prominence as a lawyer paralleled his fame as a writer. He was known for his flawless logic and rationality of mind in both undertakings. He served the wartime cabinet of President Jose P. Laurel during the Japanese occupation. Together with Jose P. Laurel, Camilo Osias, and Quintin Paredes, he was taken Scanned with CamScannerint is deny by the American colonial government and tried for treason. In oan his treatise entitled “Three Years of Enemy Occupation”, 1946, he Wan manBly Presented the case of patriotic conduct of Filipinos during World, | He fought his legal battles and was acquitted. His critics claim that Recto’s brilliance is overshadowed by his inability to capture nationwide acceptance. The political editorialist, Manuel L. Quezon IIL laments this fact: “Claro M, Recto’s leadership was the curious kind that only finds fulfillment from being at the periphery of power, and not from being its fulcrum. It was the best occupation suited to the satirist that he was. His success at the polls would be limited, his ability to mold the minds of his contemporaries was only excelled by RIZAL’S... But he was admired for his intellect and his dogged determination to never let the opposition be bereft of a champion, still his opposition was flawed. For it was one that never bothered to transform itself into an opposition capable of taking power.” As father of the Rizal Law, Recto sponsored the Rizal Bill together with fellow law makers. The bill would require all high schools, colleges, and universities to include in their curicula a course in the study.of Dr. Jose Rizal's life, works, and writings, mainly the great novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibustrismo to provide an in-depth study of nationalism and the shaping of national character. THE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425 (RIZAL LAW) REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425 House Bill No. 5561 Senate Bill No. 438 AN: ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURES ON THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. WHEREAS, today, more than other period of our history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived and died. : WHEREAS, it is met that in honoring them, particularly the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal, we remember with special foridness and devotion their lives and works that have shaped the national character; WHEREAS, the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal particularly his novels ie Tangee ad e Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring source of riotism with which the minds of the youth, especiz ing thei it and decisive years in school, ee a Cae ee emt Scanned with CamScannerWHEREAS, all educational institutions are under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State, and all schools are enjoiried to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, and to teach the duties of citizenship; Now therefore, Be it enacted by Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled. SECTION 1 Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curriciila of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private; Provided, That in the collegiate courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their English translations shall be used as basic texts. The Board of National Education is hereby authorized and directed to adopt _ forthwith measures to implement and carry out the provisions of this Section, ‘including the writing and printing of appropriate primers, readers and textbooks. The Board shall, within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act promulgate rules and regulations, including those of a disciplinary nature, to carry out and enforce the regulations of this Act. The Board shall promulgate rules and regillations providing for the exemption of students for reason of religious belief stated in'a sworn written statement, from the requirement of the provision contained in the second part ofthe first paragraph of this section; but not from taking the course provided for in the first part of said paragraph. Said __ rules and regulations shall take effect thirty (30) days after their publication in the Official Gazette. ; SECTION 2 It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate nuniber of copies ofthe original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as Rizal’s other works and biography. The said unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their translations irsEnglish as well as other writings of Rizal shall be included in the list of approved books for required reading in all public or private schools, colleges and universities. : ‘The Board of National Education shall determine the adequacy of the number of books, depending upon the enrollment ofthe school, college or university. SECTION 3 The Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog andthe principal Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to read them, through the Purok organizati Hi councils throughout the country. ‘ganizations and the Barrio Scanned with CamScannerSECTION 4 Nothing in tn ries ee Bee Act shall be construed as amending or repealing section nine religious eet of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of public sehont ‘es by public school teachers and other persons engaged in any SECTION 5 The sum of three hundred thousand pesos i ‘hereby authorized to be approriated Out of any fund not otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to carry Out the purposes of this Act. SECTION 6 This Act shall take effect upon its approval, APPROVED JUNE 12, 1956 By integrating Rizal in the Curriculum, this would benefit the Filipino youth ~~ as well as the whole nation to acquire the following traits: incorruptible, confidence, direction, courage and determination, high sense of relationship, nationalism, and patriotism. : “Department of Education (DepEd) Order No. 2 Series of 1996 directs the Committee on Education for the inclusion of the Rizal Course’as a’ 3-unit lesson with the following aims and purposes:. 1. The law aims and desires to re-establish thatthe Filipinos. themselves be imbued with the. principles of freedom and a sense '‘of rationalism. The rationale of which is to perpetuate the memories of our hero's death and sacrifices. 2. The law aims to honor the heroes particularly Dr. Jose P: Rizal and to remind us of his sacrifices and his two novels - Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo that paved the way to the nationalisth and patriotism of the entire country. 3. The law aims to cultivate and inculcate among the students in all schools the character development, self-discipline, civic consciousness and to teach the diuties of citizenship which became the primary reasons for the enactment of the law for reforms and changes.” To take one’s interest-of and to comprehend fully and satisfactorily the life, works and writings of Dr. Jose P. Rizal, ournational hero, itis indeed indispensable to gain knowledge of the background of world history and the Philippines during his times. The 19° century was a century of violent blow of the winds in its history, most particularly in Asia, Europe and America. It w as a rigid pour of events that Fuanated beyond one's control like sea tides that ruthlessly inflicted the human lives and fortunes of mankind, ea Scanned with CamScannerThe differ t is js a real person of great ence between hero and martyr is that hero 8 @ Eo willingly bravery who carri i i a 1 ies out extraordinary deeds while martyr 1S re accepts being put to death for adhering openly to one’s religious beliefs; notably saints cannonized after martyrdom. a its: The _Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso was, man of may a akiied Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo oprovided the © Saba of 1896. He Filipino nationalism and paved the way for the Philippine Revo vee from their proved that the “Pen is Mightier than ‘the Sword” to redeem a peop) political slavery. The Americans, particularly Civil Governor William Howard Taft being the Chairman of the Philippine Commission addressed Messrs. rare de Teves Legarda ,Gregorio Araneta, Cayetano ‘Arellano the choosing oO et lad pine National hero. Among the nominated names were Marcelo 1 i ., Gen. ‘Antonio Luna, Gregorio Lopez Jaena, Emilio Jacinto and Jose Rizal. oh e _ Otley H. Bayer, an anthropologist and technical member of the panel o! the oRuibpie Ei neicion se onended the following criteria in choosing the national hero. 1, The person must be a Filipino. 2. The person is a peace-loving and pacifist 3, The person must have a great sense of patriotism. 44, The person must have die for the country as a martyr. "Reasons why Rizal was chosen and declared as the Philippine’s National Hero. 1. Hewas the fist Filipino to unite and awaken the Filipino People to peacefully rise for independence. é 2, Heisamodel for being a peacemaker by his complete self-denial, his complete abandonment of his personal interest and to think only of his country and people. i 3, He was a towering figure in the propaganda campaign from 1882-1896. 4, He was a martyr at Bagumbayan where he willingly died for our country. Other Countries Choose Their National Hero ‘The heroes of occidental nations are warriors : : of occidental and general: i cause with the sword, distilling blood and tears. The fee okt liganoe carved his cause with the pen. ipinos serve’ Other countries chose their national heroes who were soldier-generals, who fought for the country’s liberty and i i Bigs oles ty and independence in the battlefield with their Scanned with CamScannerAmong them were George Washington of USA, Joan of Arc of France, Simon Bova of Venezuela, Jose de San Martin of Argentina, Jimmo Tenno of Japan and others. In comparison, Jose Rizal, the Philippine national her. was a pacifist and a civilian who served his cause with the penthrough which his writings had awakened Filipino nationalism and paved the way for the Philippine Revolution. What other great men said about the pev and sword. Napoleon 1 who was a great conqueror and ruler said, “There are viily two powers in the world, the sword and pen; and in the end the former is » vays conquered by the latter.” Sir Thomas Browne said, “Scholars are \en of Peace; they bearno arms, but their tongues are sharper than the sword. Their pens carry further and give a, louder report than thunder. I rather stand in th: hock of a basilisk than in the fury of a nierciless pen’. ‘What is most admirable in Rizal according to Rafael Palma: “Is his complete self-denial, his complete abandonment of his personal interest in order to think only of those of his country. He could have been whatever he wished to be, considering his natural endowments, he could have earned considerable sum of money from his profession, he could have lived relatively rich, happy, prosperous, had he not dedicated himself to public matters. He preferred to live far from his family and to sacrifice his personal affection for an ideal he had dreamed of following his conscience. He did not have great means at his disposal to carry out his campaign; He contented himself with what he had. He suffered the cold winter of Europe, hunger, privation and misery but when he raised his eyes to heaven and sat his ideals, his hope was reborn, he soon felt, comforted and resumed the task of bearing the cross of his suffering”. Honors Accorded:to Rizal as the Philippine National Hero 1. The day of his birth and day of his execution are fittingly commemorated by “all classes of people throughout the country and other Filipinos abroad. No other Filipino hero can surpass Rizal in the number of monuments erected inhis honor, in towns, barrios, and schools. His name is a by-word in every home and his picture is printed and used in postage stamps. ‘ THe paper money/coins with his image have the widest circulation that the poorest of thé poor can take hold. ; : Streets, boulevards, educational institutions and persons were named ‘Rizal’. . His noble thoughts and teachings had been frequently invoked and quoted by speakers. 7. The union of Manila and Morong to be a province was named after the illustrious Filipino hero thus the Rizal province was established, Scanned with CamScanner