FORMULAE AND TABLES

for
EXAMINATIONS
of
THE FACULTY OF ACTUARIES
and
THE INSTITUTE OF ACTUARIES

2002
This Edition 2002
Reprinted 2005
Reprinted 2007

© The Faculty of Actuaries and The Institute of Actuaries

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form,whether by publication,
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copyright.
Acknowledgments:
The Faculty of Actuaries and The Institute of Actuaries would like to thank the foIlowing
people who have help ed in the preparation of this material:
DHopkins
M Z Khorasanee
W F Scott

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permission ofLindley & Scott New Cambridge Statistical Tables,2nd Edition, 1 995,Tables
4,5,7,8,9, 12, 12a, 1 2b, 1 2c and 12d - Cambridge University Presso

ISBN O 901066 57 5
 PREFACE

This new edition of the Formulae and Tables represents a considerable overhaul
of its predecessor "green book" first published in 1980.

The contents have been updated to reflect more ful1y the evolving syl1abus
requirements of the profession, and also in the case of the Tables to reflect more
contemporary experience and methods. Conespondingly, there has been some
modest removal of material which has either become redundant with syl1abus
changes or obviated by the availability of pocket calculators.

As in the predecessor book, it is important to note that these tables have been
produced for the sole use of examination candidates. The profession does not
express any opinion whatsoever as to the circumstances in which any of the
tables may be suitable for other uses.
AR l'n-\MtTiC f(lD G(UES')/ ol\J

� C�(À + (MI) d)
 Formuhie

Compound
Interest

ELT15

FORMULAE

This section is intended to help candidates with formulae that may be hard to AM92
remember. Derivations of these formulae may still be required under the
relevant syllabuses.

Contents Page PMA92

PFA92
Mathematical Methods 2
Statistical Distributions 6
Statistical Methods 22 InternatiOlu
Actuarial
Compound Interest 31
Notation
Survival Models 32
Annuities and Assurances 36
Stochastic Processes 38
Time Series 40
Economie Models 43 S(MU)
Financial Derivatives 45

Note. In these tables, log denotes logarithms to base e.

S(ID)
1 MATHEMATICAL METHODS

1.1 SERIES

Exponential funetion

l +x +- +- +...
exp( x) = e-\
.
=
x2 x3
2! 3!

Natural log funetion

log(1 +x) = ln(1 +x) =

X2 +-
x -- x3 . . .
- ( -1 < x ::; l )
2 3

Binomial expansion

where n is a positive integer ,

p( p- l)( p - 2) x3 + ...
(1 +x)P 1 +px + x2 +
p( p - l)
=

2! 3!

(-l < x < l)

2
 1.2 CALCULUS

Taylor series (one variable)

f(x +h) = f(x) +hf'(x) +� fl/(x) +...

2
2'

Taylor series (two variables)

f(x +h,y +k) = f(x,y) +h f:(x,y) +k f,j (x,y)

;
+ , (h2f;�.(x,y) +2hk f:;,(x,y) + k2fj,;,(x,y» ) +...

Integration by parts

fabu-d x=[lIv]ba - fabv-d'e

dv du
d'e dx

Double integrals (changillg the order of integration)

fab dxfaX dyf(x,y)= fab dyfyb d'ef(x,y)

The domain of integration here is the set of values (x,y) for which
a�y'Sx�b.

Differentiatillg all integrai

d b(y)
-
dY a f
f(x,y) d'e = b'(y)f[b(y),y] - a'(y)f[a(y),y]
(y)
b(y) Ci f(x,y)d'e
a(fy) aY
+

Cl) / Ct) (
 1.3 SOLVING EQUATIONS '

Newton-Raphson method

)0-'c
lf x is a sufficiently good approximation to a root ofthe equation
"---- f(x)=O then (provided convergence occurs) a better approximation
is

x*=x- f(x) .
f'(x)
Integrating factors

The integrating factor for solving the differential equation

dy + x = x is:
dx P( )y Q( )
exp (J P(x )dx )

Second-order difference equations

The generai so!ution ofthe difference equation

aXn+2 +bXII+l + cXn =O is:

if b2 -4ac > O: XII =AÀ;' + BÀ'2

(distinct rea! roots, À1 ;f:. À2 )

if b2 -4ac=O: XII =(A+Bn) ÀII

(equa! rea! roots, À1 =À2 = À )

if b2 -4ac<O: XII = r ll (A co n8 + Bsin n8)

s

(comp!ex roots, À1 = �2 =l'eia)

À1 and À2 are the roots of the quadratic equation

where
2
aÀ +bÀ+c=O.

4
1.4 GAMMA FUNCTION
Compound
Definition Interest

r(x) = fo tX-Ie-ldt, x > O

ELT15
Properties

r(x) =(x - 1) r(x - 1)

IN'TLGL
AM92
r(n)=(n - l) !, n =I, 2,3, . . .

r(\t2) =�
PMA92

1.5 BAYES' FORMULA PFA92

Let Ajl A2, ... , An be a collection of mutually exclusive and exhaustive

events with P(Ai):;t 0, i 1 , 2, . . . , n.
= International
Actuarial
Notation
For any event B such that P(B) :;t O :

_ P(BIAi)P(Ai) '-
P(AiIB) - Il
' 1 - 1, 2, .. . , n.

L P(BIA)P(!l))
)=1
8(MU)

8(10)

5
2 STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS

Notation

PF = Probability function, p(x)

PDF = Probability density function, f(x)
DF = Distribution function, F(x)
PGF = Probability generating function,G(s)
MGF = Moment generating function, M(t)

Note. Where formulae have been omitted below, this indicates that
(a) there is no simple formula or (b) the function does not have a
finite value or (c) the function equals zero.

2.1 DISCRETE DISTRIBUTIONS

Binomial distribution

Parameters: n, p (n "'positive integer, O<P<l with q'" 1 - p)

DF: The distribution function is tabulated in the statistical

tables section.

PGF: G(s) '" (q + pst

MGF:

Moments: E(X) '" np, var(X) npq'"

Coefficient
q- P
of skewness:
.jnpq

l t\ ( )1
X'· .�\\ Of
V)
6
....ti..........................................
. ..

Bernoulli distribution

The Bernoulli distribution is the same as the binomia l distribution

with parameter 11 =l . X: >, ()

Poisson distribution

Parameter:

e-Il/! x

PF: p(x)=-- , x= O, I, 2, . . .
x!

DF: The distribution function is tabulated in the statistical

tables section.

PGF: G(s) =ell(s-l)

MGF: M(/) =ell(e'-

l)

Moments: E(X) =/!, var(X) =Il

Coefficient
l
of skewness:
01
X� I�l)\'\ O 1:110\T· Dcc (>R , 11\1 A
f\( \ Lì I!\rn \) (\

7
 "oZ Negative binomial distribution - Type 1

k, p (k positive integer, 1- p )
G,
Parameters: = O < P < with
l q=
PF: =
X-l)Pkqx-k ,
p(X) (k-l x=k, k+l, k+2, ,,,
I
C)
rÀ ,�,tl
\ l

( l-qs )
k
PGF: G(S) = �

k
p
MGF: M(f) = [l-qe ) iI

\2.- -\' (..

Moments: -k
E(X) = , var(X) = 2""
p p
kq
Coefficient
2 p
-
of skewness:
Jkq

�I( n

8
Negative binomial distribution - Type 2 (,)1 X s �

Compound
Parameters: k, p ( k > 0, 0 < p < 1 with q = 1 -p) Interest

PF: p(x)=
r (k + x) pk x
, x=0,1,2,...
r (x + l)r(k) q
)1.-t1<
.
ELT15

PGF: G(S)=
( �
1 - qs )k

AM92

(� )
k
MGF:· M(t)=
l-q e

Moments: E(X)=
kq
, var(X)=
k; PMA92
PFA92
p p

Coeffieient l
2-p Intemational
of skewness: t) Actuarlal
Jkq Notation

Geometrie distribution

The geometrie distribution is the same as the negative binomial

k
distribution with parameter = 1 .

! !

:\

�\ 'f \ ) "

O C·.C' 0((
. ..

9
 Uniform distribution (discrete)

Parameters: a, b, h (a<b, h> O , b - a h) is a multiple of

PF: p(x)=b-a+hh , x=a,a+h,a+2h,... b -h,b ,

Il
PGF:

-b---ah-+-h (e( il -1e ) _

MGF: M(t)=
b+h)1 al
\2- -\' (.. Moments: E(X) =2"(a+b),
l
var(X) =12(b - a)(b -a+2h)
l

2.2 CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS

Standard normal distribution - N(O,l)

Parameters: none

PDF:
.J2n
f(x)=-- e , -oo<x<oo
l _.lx2
2'

DF: The distribution function is tabulated in the statistical

tables section.

MGF:

Moments: E(X) = O , var(X) =1

E(X l'

)= 21'/2
l + ) /'=2,
(1+-
r(1 r)
4 , 6 , ...
r '
r 2

lO
Normal (Gaussian) distribution - N(Il,cr2 )
Compound
Parameters:
Interest

)2}
1 1
(
x-Il
PDF: f(x)=
crJ2it
--

{
exp -- --
2 cr
, -oo<x<oo
ELT15

M(/) = ellt+"2cr2t 2
l
MGF:

AM92
Moments: E(X)= Il, var(X)= cr2

Exponential distribution
PMA92
Parameter: À (À> O) PFA92

f(x)= Àe - " x> O

PDF: À.

Intemational
DF:
À.' Actuarial
F(x)= l-e- Notation

±, �2 S(MU)
Moments: E(X)= var(X)=

r r(1+r) r = 1,2,3,
E(X ) = r ' . . .
8(10)
À

Coefficient
of skewness: 2

o
,,
r
(
01

Il
 Gamma distribution

Parameters: a, Ìv (a> O , Ìv> O)

PDF', f(X) = --
Ìv
rea)
x
a
a -l e-'Ax , x> O

DF: When 2a
is an integer, probabilities for the gamma.
distribution can be found using the relationship:

2ÀX �xl" J
I 2- ..l( (
•
MGF: M(t) = l - ( fr a
, t < Ìv

Moments: E(X) = �, var(X)=�2

f'v Ìv
l'
E (X =
)
r(a)Ìv'
,
rea+r), r= 1,2,3" ..

Coefficient
of skewness:
2
Ja
Chi-square distribution - X�

-
The chi-square distribution with 1)
degrees of freedom is the same as
l
' " Wltl1 parameters
the gamma d"lstnoutlOn 1) and f'v
� =- , a =2 2
The distribution function for the chi-square distribution is tabulated in
the statistical tables section,

12
Uniform distribution (continuous) - U(a, b)
Compound
Parameters: a, b ( a<b ) Interest

1
PDF: f(x)=-- , a<x<b
b-a
ELTlS
x-a
DF: F (x) =-­
b-a

(e - eal )
1 -1 bI
MGF: M(t)= -- AM92
( b - a) t

1 1
Moments: E(X)=-(a + b) , var(X) =- ( b - a) 2
2 12
PMA92

1 l ( b1'+1 - a1'+1) , T' - ,1 2 , 3 , ,,.

PFA92

E(Xl' )= ----

( b - a) r+l
Infernationa l
Beta distribution Attuarial
Notation
Parameters: a, p ( a> O , P> O )

PDF:
S (MU)

Moments:

S(ID)

Coefficient

of skewness:
2( P - a)
( a+p+2)
) a+ p+ 1
Pèhsion

ap

Series

13
,jj;.. .
 \eZ Lognormal distribution

G. Parameters: Il, a2 (a> O)

PDF: f(x ) --
l
= l l-exp --
2
{ ( logx -Il
a
)2 } , x> O
aJ2iC x

Moments:

(ecr2 +2) �ecr2 -l

Coefficient

of skewness:

Pareto distribution (two parameter version)

Parameters: a, À (a > O , À> O)

PDF:

DF: F(X)=l _ �x
À+
( )
O:

Moments:
À
E(X)=-(a>l), var(X)= aÀ2 (a>2)
a-l (a-l)2 (a-2)
T'(1+r) /'v,
E(Xr)-_ rea-rr)a) � r I'= 1"2 3 ,,,.,I' <a
e
Coefficient

of skewness:
)
2(a+l) a-2 (a>3)
(a-3 ) a

14
 Pareto distribution (three parameter version)

Parameters: a, À, k (a>O, À>O, k>O) Compound

Interest

PDF:

ELT 1 5

Moments:
kÀ (a>l ), var(X)= k(k+ a-l)À2
E(X)= a- l (a-l) 2(a-2) (a>2)

E(X/,)= r(a-r)r(k+r) � /, ,1'= 1"2 3, ...,1. <a

/\,
AM92

r(a)r(k)
Weibull distribution
PMA92
Parameters: c, y (c> O, Y> O) PFA92

PDF:
Intemational
Actuarial
DF: F(x)= 1- e-cxY Niltation

Moments:
/'
( )
yc
1 '1'= 1,2,3, ...
E(X )= r l+ r ,h
S{MU)
Burr distribution

Parameters: a, À, y (a> O, À> O, Y> O)

S(ID)
PDF:

DF: F(X)=l_ _( )
À_ fX
À+ xY
J>ènslon

E(X/')= r (a- �) r (l ) À , r= 1,2,3, ...,r <ay

/'/Y
Moments: +�
y y rea)

15
2.3 COMPOUND DISTRIBUTIONS

Conditional expectation and variance

E(Y ) = E[E(Y I X )]

var(Y ) = var[E(Y I X )] +E[var(Y I X ) ]

Moments of a compound distribution

If XI, X 2, . . . are IID random variables with MGF Mx(t) and N is

an independent nonnegative integer-valued random variable, then
S = XI + +XN (with S 0 when N = O ) has the following
. . . =

propeliies:

Mean : E(S ) = E(N)E(X )

Var ianc e: var(S ) = E(N) var(X ) + var(N)[E(X )] 2

MGF:

Compound Poisson distribution

Mean :

Varianc e:

Th ird c entraI mom ent: Àm 3

where À = E(N) and m,. = E(X" )

16
I

Recursive formulae for integer-valued distributions

Compound
(a, b, O) class of distri butions Interest

Let gr =P( S=r) , 1'=0, 1, 2, . . . and fj=P( X= i ) , )= 1, 2,3, . . . .

If P r=P(N=1') , where ( �)
Pr = a+ Pr-l, r= ,1 2,3, . . . , then
ELTl5

go=po and
r
j=l
( )
bi
gr= L a+ - f;gr
r .
-j, r = ,1 2, 3, . . . AM92

Com pound Poisso l1 distri bution

PMA92
If N has a Poisson distribution with mean 'A, then a = O and b='A , PFA92
and

'A
r
go =e-À and gr = -:- Lifjgr-j' 1'= 1, 2,3, . . . lòternational
I j Actuarlal
=l
Notation

S(MU)

S(ID)
2.4 TRUNCATED MOMENTS

Normal distribution

If f(x) is the PDF of the N(Il., a2 ) distribution, then

f� x f(x)dx = Il [<D (U
' ) - (L' )
' ) - <D (L' )] - a[� (U � ]

L -Il U -Il
where L' = -- ' = --.
and U
a a

Lognormal distribution

If f(x) is the PDF of the lognormal distribution with parameters Il

and a2 , then

logL -Il log U -11 _

l l
_

Wh ereL k = - Ifa and Uk -

Ica.
a a

18
!

Compound
Interest

ELTl5

AM92

PMA92
PFA92

International
Actuarial
Notation

S (MU)

S(ID)

Pe ns ion

Time
Series

19
 '-'
C/ì (/\ P\c5ì
.
(il \j-J � .:;p­ o Li)

5 :5 O
" �-
-l-
."�,..,
)ç-
,,�
C
C- � (rr ,,­
ì\-.

�"/"'"
O RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS

nlaiIX,"'
DISCRETE CONTINUOUS
aZ
Lognorma!

)..l,

T
1---�'
:EXi (sarne p)

'- -
I I

f--
X-fl
( .,
eX"'logX

I
fl=np

la�:\ I
n=1 I (J r----,

I C- I
" =;E(I-.p) 1 Norrn;1 V �=
l 1
8ernoulli Binomia! _ _ Norma!
-- o, 1
. - - =- P J1 ---7 00 tl, ______ " .

'--.---
n. cr

p I
LXi
(same p)

'1
'f fl = "r

n --7=
-
�

cl =fl
\

L(Oi +bjX j):

J
P+CYX
a' :EX2, X/vI

-�_j
_I
X2/V2
'fX 2 I

1-�:1
a=,v2 òiJ
x lly}. 'II y=1
I

:EX, �
-----oCII
k=+VI k=1
Poisson fl--7= F 7 �
:Ex. a
.......
Ch,-square Pareto
fl=-­
Pareto
Jl - vi. v_ À. À

t t,
I ,,�_
a+p
v
v.., a, k a.

...... . � À=y,
-...':1,X.V2--7= À=�
, ap _,

�
kq •
�
a - VI
minXj fl= " - V ��

(:1 a. \=:----
-;;I.. v=2

- --I
(a+,B)2(a+p+I) À= 2
/�

'
k- = ' 2ÀX ....:..:: ...:... ...
'--�-- Neg.Binomial
a=1 -.-. X I /y
.--'--_�!-'
Geometrie
P
k= 1
1-) :EXi
-7

!----- '.I k. P :.... (same p)

, a---+ 00,
p--7=
:EXi
(sarne À)
Gamma
le
-

.... ,.
Wcrbull
c. y

, (samep) " \.
T(pc\l T]e,2 LXi T1Pc,l T]C? :EXi // y=1
! À=I //

a. r
'.__

�....-/
.
__ � (same/À)
\X-k! \X-k / / minX j
./
'�-...-_// Beta
-....:. XI
XI +X2
X+k X+k �

a=p=1 'f
I _.!..lnX
À

1 UUforrn
0.1
r /

t I
b - �a---,-
X-a
-,-...,
'f a+(b-a)X

�I l __

�_ u u UUforrn'
ab
I . .h r h--70 a. b

/'
 EXPLANATION OF TRE DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM

The distribution diagram shows the main interrelationships between the distributions in the statistics section. The relationships shown are of four
types:
Special cases
,
For example, the arrow marked "n = l " connecting the binomial distribution to the Bemoulli distribution means:
In the special case where n 1 , the binomial distribution is equivalent to a Bemoulli distribution.
=

Transfonnations
For example, the arrow marked "ex" connecting the normal distribution to the lognormal distribution means:
If X has a normal distribution, the function é will have a lognormal distribution.
Note that the parameters of the transformed distributions may differ from those of the basic distributions shown.
Sums, products and minimum values
For example, the arrow marked "LXi (same p)" connecting the binomial distribution to itself means:
The sum of a fixed number of independent random variables, each having a binomial distribution with the same value for the parameter
p , also has a binomial distribution.

Similarly, "rr Xi " and"min Xi" denote the product and the minimum of a fixed set of independent random variables. Where a sum or product
includes "ai " or"bi" , these denote arbitrary constants.

Limiting cases (indicated by dotted lines)

For example, the arrow marked"Il = np, n --700" connecting the binomial distribution to the Poisson distribution means:
For large values of n, the binomial distribution with parameters n and p will approximate to the Poisson distribution with parameter Il,
where Il = np .
N

��� �Q
� (;" ",
�. 00.." �, 00 00 .... S'S' '"='"=
� ('0 _. ::I 9
,-,. '9 !:",3
=' ::! '" ""ì""
>- e- ==
>- t""
t"J .... -5
�
... =
::l'. �. S � ....
\O :::; \O .." c
� CI> ('O § ....., t:::
__
= ",'-� :t. �
� N � 6.
_
a
3 STATISTICAL METHODS

3.1 SAMPLE MEAN AND VARIANCE

The random sample (X\>X2," .,XII) has the following sample

moments:

Sam ple mean :

Sam ple variance :

.
s2 =
1
--
{11
2>1- nx2
n-l i=l
}
3.2 PARAMETRIC INFERENCE (NORMAL MODEL)

Olle sample

For a single sample of size 11 under the normal model X � N(Il, (2) :

x Il t (n - )1 S2 2
n-l and � Xn-l
siJ;;
-
�
a2
I
Two samples

For two independent samples of sizes m and 11 under the normal

models X � N(llx,a}) and Y � N(lly,a�):

si/a}
Sy2/ay2 � F,n-I,I1-1

22
 Under the additional assumption that (J� = (J� :
Compound

�1
( X -Y)-(Ilx -Ily)
Intel'est
�tll1+I1-2
- -
Sp +
m
1
11
ELT15

where S; =
111+11 - 2
{(m-l)S} +(/1-l)Sf } is the pooled sample
variance,
AM92
3.3 MAXIMUM L1KELlHOOD ESTIMATORS

Asymptotic distribution

If e is the maximum likelihood estimator of a parameter e based on PMA92

a sample X , then e is asymptotically normally distributed with mean

PFA92

e and variance equal to the Cramér-Rao lower bound

lntemational
Actuarial
Notation

Likelihood ratio test

S(MU )
approximately (under Ho )

where e p = max logL is the maximum log-likelihood for the S(ID)

Ho
model under Ho (in which there are
p free parameters)
I>ension
and e p+q = max logL is the maximum log-likelihood for the
HouHl
model under Ho u Hl (in which there
are p +q free parameters),

23
3.4 LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL WITH NORMAL ERRORS

Model

Intermediate calculations

Il n

Sxx " = k.iXi2- n-2

k.i (Xi - X-) 2 = " x
i=1 i=1

-) 2 = k.i
Il Il
" 2
S)y =
"(
Li Yi - Y Yi - n-2
y
i=1 i=1
Il Il

Sxy L (Xi - X)(Yi - y) LXiYi - nxy

= =
l
i=1 i=1
Parameter estimates

Distribution of �

24
Variance of predicted mean response
Compound
Interest

An additionai 0'2
must be added to obtain the variance of the
predicted individuaI response.
ELTIS

Testing the corl'elation coefficient

S ,HP(.(::· AM92

1\{\)C1ì
1\ Ib{ i

lf P = r�
VI-,.2 fn-2·
O , then c--:J �
§(L€G PMA92
PFA92

Fishel' Z transfol'mation
International

z,. N(Zp,_l_)
�
n- 3
approximately
Actuarial
Notation

where z,. = r =tIOg(ll-+rr ) zp =

tanh-
1
and tanh-
1
p =tIOg(Il+-pp ). S(MU)

i=l i=l i=l

S ( I D)
i
�,

/ J!enslon

Series

25
3.5 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

Single factor normaI model

k k
where 11 I, l1i , with I, 11(ti
= = O
i=l i=l
Intermediate calculations (sums of squares)

k Ili k Ili 2
Tala! : S ST =
I, I, (Yij -y ) 2
.. I, I, yB - Yn..
=

i=lj=l i=lj=l
k k 2 ))..2
B etweel1 treatments: SS B = '"/1i (Yi
LJ '" Yi· --
-. - Y-.. ) 2 LJ-=

i=l i=l/1 i 11
Residua! :

Variance estimate '!

I:
((i. l'!
1\ )<- /()
Q 't,

'P.
/
)
\
Statistical test I"
Under the appropriate null hypothesis:

S SB
'-1
/ S SR
--I Fk-l,n-k
f(- /1-t( �

I (
3.6 GENERALISED LlNEAR MODELS
Compound
Exponential family Interest

For a random variable Y from the exponential family, with natural

parameter Sand scale parameter <jJ:

[ ]
ELT15

e
YS- b S)
a(<jJ)
Pro ba bili!y (density) func!ion: fy(y; S,<jJ) = exp + C(y,<jJ)

Mean: E(Y ) = '

b (S) AM92

Variance: var(Y ) = a (<jJ) b" (S)

Canonical link functions PMA92

PFA92

International
Poisson: Actuarial
Notation

Norma!:

Gamma: S(MU)

S(ID)

Pension

Tlme
Series

27
�tatidlc,,1
 3.7 BAYESIAN METHODS

:'\ . Reiationship between posterior and prior distributions

Posterior cc Prior x Likelihood

The posterior distribution 1(8 I x) for the parameter 8 is re1 ated to

the prior distribution 1(8) via the likelihood function I( x 18) :

�( 1(8 I x) 1(8) x I( x 18)

cc

Normai / normai modei

If X is a random sample of size 11 from a N(Il,a2) distribution,

where a2 is known, and the prior distribution for the parameter Il is
N(1l0,a6), then the posterior distribution for Il is:

where 11* =
[l1-X -)/[ 1)
a2 a6
+ Ilo 11 +-
-
a2 a6
and
/[ )
(h2 = 1
11 + 1
a2 a6

28
 -

3.8 EMPIRICAL BAYES CREDIBILITY - MODEL 1

Compound
Data l'equirements Interest

{Xij , i == 1, 2, . . . ,N,i == 1, 2, . . ,I1}

.

xij represents the aggregate claims in the i th year from the i th risk. ELT15

Intermediate calculations

AM92

Parameter estimation
PMA92
Qual1tity Estimator PFA92

E[m(8)] X
International
Actuarial
Notation

var[m(8)] 8(MU)

Cl'edibility factor

8(lD)
z == __ _
11-=-2
__

E[s (8)]
11+ ---'=----'-"-�
var[m(8)]
Pension

29
 3.9 EMPIRICAL BAYES CREDIBILITY - MODEL 2

Data requirements

... ... .. ...

{Yij,i = 1,2, ,N,i= 1,2, ,n}, {Pij,i = 1, 2, . ,N,i= 1,2, ,n}

Yij represents the aggregate claims in the ith year from the i th risk;
Iij is the cOlTesponding risk volume.
�( Intermediate calculations

_ Il _
Ii = LIij' P= LIi, P*=
j=l i=l Nn
N

- 1
_
LIi 1- �
i=l P
-- _ ( P)
l N

Parameter estimation

Quantity Estimator
E[m(8)]

var[m(8)]-

Credibility factor

LIij
Z.= j=l
I n
E [ s2 (8)]
L P.+�
j=l var[m
Ij
�� (8)]

30
4 COMPOUND INTEREST
Compound
Increasing/decreasing annuity functions Interest

..
a,-n
111 v/1 n-a-,/11
(la),/11 =
(Da),111 = ___
/1
i ' i
ELT15

Accumulation factor for variable interest rates

AM92

PMA92
PFA92

International
Actuarial
Notation

S (MU)

S(ID)

Pcnsion

Time
Series

31
 5 SURVIVAL MODELS

5.1 MORTALITY "LAWS"

Survival probabilities

�( Gompertz' Law

Makeham's Law

/lx = A +Be'x , t
_

Px s g
-
cX(c'-I) w ere
t
h s = e-A

Gompertz-Makeham formula

The Gompertz-Makeham graduation formula, denoted by GM(r,s) ,

states that

where t is a linear function of x and polYI (I) and polY2 (t ) are

/'
polynomials of degree and s respectively.

32
5.2 EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION
Compound
Greenwood's formula for the variance of the Kaplan-Meier Intel'est
estimator

ELT15

Variance of the Nelson-Aalen estimate of the integrated hazard

AM92

5.3 MORTALITY ASSUMPTIONS

PMA92
PFA92

l �1
Balducci assumpti�
.

( 1-t)qx (x is an integer, O ..,; t ..,; 1)

(\. t) �f
H qx+t :=

International
5.4 GENERAL MARKOV MODEL Actuarial
Notation
Kolmogorov forward differential equation

� xgh - " ( xgj Ilxjil t Pxgli Ilhjx+t )

_ _

L. t P +t
at t P l'FII S(MU)

S(ID)

lension

Time
Sel'ies

33
Sìàtistical
5.5 GRADUATION TESTS

Gl'ouping of signs test

If there are /1) positive signs and /12 negative signs and G de notes the
observed numl?er of positive lUns, then:

Criticai values for the grouping of signs test are tabulated in the
statistica I tables section for small values of 11) and 112 ' For larger
values of 11) and /12 the normal approximation can be used.

Serial cOl'l'elation test

l 111
where Z=- 2 >i
111 i=)

Ij x.j; � N(O,l) approximately.

Variance ad justment factol'

� .2
L/1ti
X
]' = _1_'
Li1ti
__

where 1ti is the proportion of lives at age x who have exactly i

policies.

34
5.6 MULTIPLE DECREMENT TABLES
Compound
For a multiple decrement table with tluee decrements ex, � and y, Interest
each uniform over the year of age (x,x +1) in its single decrement
table, then

ELT15

5.7 POPULATION PROJECTION MODELS

AM92
Logistic modeI

1 dP(t)
__ = P - kP(t) has generaI solution P(t) = p
P(t) dt Cpe-P1 +k PMA92
PFA92

where C is a constant .

Intemational
Actuarial
Notation

S(MU)

S(ID)

Pension
Scheme

Time
Series

35
StatisticaI
 6 ANNUITIES AND ASSURANCES

6.1 APPROXIMATIONS FOR NON ANNUAL ANNillTIES

a,
.. (111)
_
-ax-
..
--
m-l
2/11

�( (m,-a
)
a..X:11I
_ .
,---
X:11I
111
.

m
Dx+n )
-2 l (l- --
D x

6.2 MOMENTS OF ANNillTIES AND ASSURANCES

Let Kx and 7'., denote the curtate and complete future lifetimes
(respectively) of a life aged exact1y x.

Whole life assm'ances

E[vT,] - - .[
- A x' Vat vT,] - A x
2 - _
(A-x )
2

Similar relationships hold for endowment assurances (with status

'''
;;] ) ' pure endowments (with status x:� ), tenn assurances (with
x:

status .!.:;;]) and deferred whole life assurances (with status ml'''x)'

Whole life annuities

Similar relationships hold for temporaty annuities (with status .. 'x:;;])'

36
6.3 PREMIUMS AND RESERVES
Compound
Premium conversion relationship between annuities and Interest
assurallces

ELT15
Similar relationships ho Id for endowment assurance policies (with
status . . . , ) .
X:111

Net premium reserve AM92

G
1vx = l - X.. +1 ' 1Vx = 1 G-X+1
_

a a
l' l'

PMA92
PFA92
Similar formulae hold for endowment assurance policies (with
statuses . . . .1':,and·
11 ··x+ --:1).
/ I:I1-11

6.4 THIELE'S DIFFERENTIAL EQUA TION International

Actuarial
Notation
Whole life assurallce

S(MU)
S imllar formula e hoId for other types of policies .

Multiple state model

S(ID)

Pension
Scheme

Time
Series

37
Statistical
1\ eZ 7 STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

7.1 MARKOV "JUMP" PROCESSES

Kolmogorov differential equations

Forward equation:

Backward equation: � Pij(s,t):= I. crik(S)Pkj(s,t)

-

ÒS kES

where crij (t) is the transition rate from state i to state j (j"# i) at
time t , and crii := I. crij .
-

j# i
Expected time to reach a subsequent state k

7.2 BROWNIAN MOTION AND RELATED PROCESSES

Martingales for standard Brownian motion

If {Bt,!;;::: O} is a standard Brownian motion, then the following

processes are martingales:

Distribution of the maximum value

38
 Hitting times
Compound
min{s: Bs + /Js
Interest
where Il> ° and y<
s:2:0
If 'Cy = = y} 0 , then

ELT15

Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process

AM92

'. 7.3 MONTE CARLO METHODS

Box-Muller formulae
PMA92
If u, and U are independent random variables from the U(O,I) PFA92
2
distribution then

Intemational
Actuarial
Notation
are independent standard nonna l variables.

PolM method

If Vi and V2 are independent random variables from the U ( - 1, 1 ) S(MU)

distribution and S = Vi2 + vi then, conditional on °<S:::; 1 ,

Z 1 -- v1;
� -2l0gS
S
and Z
-

2- 2
V � -210gS
S S(ID)

are independent standard normal variables.

Pseudorandom values from the U(O,I) distribution and the N(O, l) Pension
Scheme
distribution are included in the statistica! tables section.

Time
Series

39
StatisticaI
I " .,,[ 8 TIME SERIES

8.1 TIME SERIES - TIME DOMAIN

Sample autocovariance and autocorrelation function

Autocovariance:

Autocorrelation:

Autocorrelation function for ARMA(l,l)

(l +a�)(a+�) ak-l, f(1-1

- , 2,
3 .
Pk -
_

2
(l+� +2a�)
" .

Partial alltocorrelation fllnction

Pl P2 Pk-l
Pl 1 Pl Pk-2
where Pk:::: P2 Pl l Pk-3

Pk-l Pk-2 Pk-3

and p; equals Pk, but with the last COlUlllil replaced with
(Pl' P2' P3' .. " pkl,

40
 Partial autocorrelation function for MA(l)
Compound
For the process Xt = Il + et + �et-l: Interest

ELT15

8.2 TIME SERIES - FREQUENCY DOMAIN

Spectral density function

AM92
f( CO) - -
1 �
� e
-ikro'Y -1t<co<1t
k,
. -

21t k=�
PMA92
Inversion formula PFA92

Intemational
Actuarial
Spectral density function for ARMA(p,q)
Notation
The spectral density function of the process =
<j>( B )( X, - Il) 8( B )et,
where var(et) = a2 , is

S(MU)

Linear filters
S(ID)

For the linear filter ìf = L akXt-k:

k=-=

jy( CO) = IA(co)12 fx(co),

Pension
Scheme

where A(co) = L
=�
e-ikro ak is the transfer function for the filter.
k Time
Series

41
StatisticaI
 8.3 TIME SERIES - BOX-JENKINS METHODOLOGY .

L jung and Box "portmanteau" test of the residuals for an

ARMA(p,q) model

/Il r2
n( n + 2) L � X�'-(P+q) �

k=l 11 - J(
whel'e 'i. ( k =
1,2, ... ,111 ) is the estimated value of the k th
autoconelation coefficient of the l'esiduals and 11 is the numbel' of
data values used in the ARMA(p,q) sel'ies.

Turning point test

In a sequence of n independent l'andom val'iables the numbel' of

turning points T is such that:

E(T) = f ( n -2) and val'(T)

1611- 29
= ---
f
I.
90

42
9 ECONOMIC MODELS
Compound
Interest
9.1 UTILITY THEORY

Utility functions

Ex ponential: U( w) =_e -mI', a> O ELT15

LogarjJhmic: U(w) =logw

AM92
Power:

- Quadratic: U( w) =w+dw2 , d<O

PMA92

Measures of risI\: aversion PFA92

UI/( w)
A bsolute risk aversion: A ( w)=- -­

U'( w) lntemationa l
Actnarial
Relative risk aversion: R( w) =wA( w) Notation

9.2 CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM)

Security market line S(MU)

CapitaI market line (for efficient portfolios) S(ID)

Pension
Scheme

Time
Series

43
Statistica'
 9.3 INTEREST RATE MODELS

Spot rates and forward rates for zero-coupon bonds

Let P(1) be the price at time ° of a zero-coupon bond that pays 1 unit
at time 1.

Let s(1) be the spot rate for the period (0,1) .

Let j(1) be the instantaneous fOlward rate at time ° for time 1.

S pot rate

lnstantaneolls jOl'wal'd l'ate

, ' d
-t é j(1) = --log P(1)
d1

Vasicek model

lnstantaneolls jOl'wal'd rate

Price oj a zero-cou pon band -

1- e -(fil;
where D(1) = --­

44
10 FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES
Compound
Nate. In this section, q denotes the (continuously-payable) dividend Interest
rate.

10.1 PRICE OF A FORWARD OR FU TURES CONTRACT

ELTlS
Far an asset withfixed incame af present value I:

F == ( So -I)erT
AM92
Far an asset with dividends:

-Soe(r-q)T
F-
PMA92
PFA92
10.2 BINOMIAL PRICING ("TREE") MODEL

Risk-neutral probabilities
International
l'M Actuarial
e -d Notation
Up-step probability == ,
u -d

S(MU)

S(ID)

Pension
Scheme

Time
Series

45
StatisticaI
10.3 STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Generalised Wiener process

dx =adt+bdz

where a and b are constant and dz is the increment for a Wiener

process (standard Brownian motion) .

Ito process

dx:::: a(x, t)dt +b(x,t)dz

Ito's lemma for a function G(x, t)

(
aG l a2G aG
ax 2 ax 2 at
aG
dG= a-+-b2-+- dt+b-dz
ax
)
Models for the short rate 'i

Ho-Lee: dr:::: 8(t)dt +crdz

Hu"-White: dr:::: [8(t) - ar ]dt +crdz

Vasic ek: dr :::: a(b - r)dt +crdz

Cox-Ingel'sol1-Ross: dr = a(b - l ')dt +crJ;dz

10.4 BLACK-SCHOLES FORMULAE FOR EUROPEAN OPTIONS

Geometrie Brownian motion model for a stock priee S,

Black-Scholes partial differential equation

46
 Garman-Kohlhagen formulae for the price of calI and put options
Compound
Interest

log(St /K) + (l' - q +�<J )(T - t)

d
2 ELT15
wh ere l:::
r;;:;--:
<J..;T -t

log(St /K) + (l' - q - �<J )(T - t)

d
2 d r;;:;--:
- AM92
_
and 2- - 1- <J";1
-t
T
r;;:;--:
<J..;T - t

10.5 PUT-CALL PARITY RELATIONSHIP

PMA92
ct + Ke
-r(T-t) - -q(T-t)
Pt +Ste PFA92

Internation al
Actuarial
Notation

S(MU)

S(ID)

Pension
Scheme

Time
Series

47
Statistica I
48 .
 Compound
Interest

ELT15

COMPOUND INTEREST TABLES AM92

PMA92
PFA92

International
Actuarial
Notation

S(MU)

S(ID)

J>ension
Scheme

Time
Series

. 49
Statistical
 Compound Interest
Yz% Il (1 + i)" v" (la);;] Il

i 0.005 000 1 1 .005 00 0.995 02 1 .000 O 0.995 O 0.995 O 0.995 O 1

P) 0.004 994 2 1 .010 03 0.990 07 2.005 O 1.985 1 2.975 2 2.980 l 2
3 1.015 08 0.985 1 5 3.015 O 2.970 2 5.930 6 5.950 4 3
i(4) 0.004 991 4 1 .020 15 0.980 25 4.030 l 3.950 5 9.85 1 6 9.900 9 4
i(l2) 0.004 989 5 1 .025 25 0.975 37 5.050 3 4.925 9 14.728 5 14.826 7 5

6 1.030 38 0.970 52 6.075 5 5.896 4 20.55 1 6 20.723 1 6

o 0.004 988 7 1 .035 53 0.965 69 7. 1 05 9 6.862 1 27.3 1 1 4 27.585 2 7
8 1.040 7 1 0.960 89 8. 1 414 7.823 O 34.998 5 35.408 2 8
(1+ i) 1/2 1.002 497 9 1 .045 9 1 0.956 l O 9. 182 l 8.779 I 43.603 4 44.187 2 9
lO 1 .05 1 14 0.95 1 35 10.228 O 9.730 4 53.1 1 6 9 53.9 1 7 6 lO
(l +i) I/4 1 .001 248
I l 1 .056 40 0.946 6 1 11.279 2 1 0.677 O 63.529 7 64.594 7 11
(l +i) 1 112 1 .000 4 1 6 1 2 1.061 68 0.94 1 9 1 12.335 6 1 1 .6 1 8 9 74.832 5 76.2 1 3 6 12
1 3 1 .066 99 0.93722 13.397 2 12.556 2 87.0 1 6 4 88.769 7 13
v 0.995 025 1 4 1.072 32 0.932 56 14.464 2 13.488 7 100.072 2 1 02.258 4 14
1 5 1.077 68 0.927 92 15.536 5 14.4 1 6 6 1 13.990 9 1 1 6.675 1 15
1'1/2 0.997 509
1'1/4 0.998 754 16 1 .083 07 0.923 30 1 6.6 14 2 1 5.3399- 128.763 7 . 132.0 1 5 O 16
17 1 .088 49 0.9 1 8 7 1 17.697 3 1 6.258 6 144.38 1 7 148.273 6 17
1 '1/1 2 0.999 584 18 1 .093 93 0.914 14 18.785 8 1 7. 1 72 8 160.836 2 165.446 4 18
19 1 .099 40 0.909 59 1 9.879 7 1 8.082 4 178.118 4 183.528 8 19
d 0.004 975 20 1 . l 04 90 0.905 06 20.979 1 1 8.987 4. 1 96.219 6 202.5 1 6 2 20

d (2) 0.004 9 8 1 21 1 . 1 1 0 42 0.900 56 22.084 O 1 9.888 O 2 1 5 . 13 1 4 222.404 1 21

d (4) 0.004 984 22 1 . 1 1 5 97 0.896 08 23. 1 94 4 20.784 1 234.845 1 243. 188 2 22
23 1 . 1 2 1 55 0.89 1 62 24.3 1 0 4 2 1 .675 7 255.352 4 264.863 9 23
d(l2) 0.004 987 24 1 . 127 1 6 0.887 1 9 25.432 O 22.562 9 276.644 9 287.426 8 24
25 1 . 132 80 0.882 77 26.559 l 23.445 6 298.71 4 2 310.872 4 25
i/P) 1 .001 248
26 1 . 138 46 0.878 38 27.691 9 24.324 O 32 1 .552 l 335. 196 4 26
i/ i(4) 1 .0 0 1 873 27 1.144 1 5 0.874 0 1 28.830 4 25.198 0 345. 150 3 360.394 4 27
28 1 . 149 87 0.869 66 29.974 5 26.067 7 369.500 9 386.462 I 28
i / l12 ) 1 .002 290
29 1.155 62 0.865 33 31.124 4 26.933 O 394.595 6 4 13.395 2 29
30 1.161 40 0.861 03 32.280 O 27.794 1 420.426 5 441. 189 2 30
ilo 1 .002 498
3 1 1.167 2 1 0.856 75 33.44 1 4 28.650 8 446.985 6 469.840 O 31
32 1 .173 04 0.852 48 34.608 6 29.503 3 474.265 1 499.343 3 32
i / d(2) 1.003 748 33 1 .178 9 1 0.848 24 35.78 1 7 30.351 5 502.257 1 529.694 8 33
i/d(4) 1.003 123 34 1 .184 80 0.844 02 36.960 6 3 l . l 95 5 530.953 8 560.890 4 34
35 1 . 1 90 73 0.839 82 38.145 4 32.035 4 560.347 6 592.925 7 35
i l d(12) 1.002 706
36 1 .196 68 0.835 64 39.336 1 32.871 O 590.430 8 625.796 8 36
37 1 .202 66 0.83 1 49 40.532 8 33.702 5 62 1 .195 9 659.499 3 37
38 1 .208 68 0.827 35 41.735 4 34.529 9 652.635 2 694.029 1 38
39 1 .2 1 4 72 0.823 23 42.944 1 35.353 1 684.74 1 4 729.382 2 39

Siri 40

41
1 .220 79

1 .226 90
0.8 1 9 14

0.815 06
44. 158 8 36. 1 72 2

45.379 6 36.987 3
7 1 7.506 9

750.924 5
765.554 4

802.541 7
40

41
42 1 .233 03 0.81 1 0 1 46.606 5 37.798 3 784.986 9 840.340 O 42
43 1 .239 20 0.806 97 47.839 6 38.605 3 8 19.686 7 878.945 3 43
44 1 .245 39 0.802 96 49.078 8 39.408 2 855.016 9 9 1 8.353 5 44
45 1 .251 62 0.798 96 50.324 2 40.207 2 890.970 3 958.560 7 45

46 1.257 88 0.794 99 51.575 8 4 1 .002 2 927.539 8 999.5629 46

47 1.264 17 0.79 1 03 52.833 7 4 1 .793 2 964.7 1 8 4 l 041 .356 1 47
48 1.270 49 0.787 l O 54.097 8 42.580 3 1 002.499 l 1 083.936 4 48
49 1.276 84 0.783 18 55.368 3 43.363 5 1 040.875 1 1 1 27.299 9 49
50 1.283 23 0.779 29 56.645 2 44.142 8 1 079.839 4 1 17 1 .442 7 50

60 1 .348 85 0.741 37 69.770 O 51.725 6 l 500.371 4 1 654.887 8 60

70 1 .417 83 0.705 30 83.566 1 58.939 4 1 972.582 2 2 212. 1 16 5 70
80 1 .490 34 0.670 99 98.067 7 65.802 3 2 490.447 8 2 839.538 9 80
90 1 .566 55 0.638 34 1 1 3.310 9 72.331 3 3 048.408 2 3 533.740 1 90
1 00 1 .646 67 0.607 29 129.333 7 78.542 6 3 641 .336 1 4 29 1 .471 O 100

50
 Compound Interest
11 CI + i)" V" (Da);;] 11 1%
l 1 . 0 1 0 00 0.990 l O 1 .000 O 0.990 l 0.990 l 0.990 l l i 0.0 1 0 000
2 1 .020 1 0 0.980 30 2.0 1 0 O 1 .970 4 2.950 7 2.960 5 2 P) 0.009 975
3 1 .030 3 0 0.970 59 3.030 l 2.94 1 0 5.862 5 5.901 5 3
4 1 .040 60 0.960 98 4.060 4 3.902 O 9.706 4 9.803 4 4 i(4) 0.009 963
5 1 . 05 1 0 1 0.95 1 47 5.101 0 4.853 4 14.463 7 14.656 9 5 i(l2 ) 0.009 954 ELT15
6 1 .061 52 0.942 05 6 . 1 52 O 5.795 5 20. 1 1 6 O 20.452 4 6
7 1 .072 1 4 0.932 72 7.2 1 3 5 6.728 2 26.645 O 27.180 5 7 o 0.009 950
8 1 .082 86 0.923 48 8.285 7 7.65 1 7 34.032 9 34.832 2 8
9 1 .093 69 0.914 34 9.368 5 8.566 O 42.26 1 9 43.398 2 9 (l + il l/2 1 .004 988
10 1 . 1 04 62 0.905 29 10.462 2 9.47 1 3 5 1 .3 14 8 52.869 5 10
( l + i) 1/4 1 .002 491
11 1 . 1 1 5 67 0.896 32 1 1 .566 8 1 0.367 6 6 1 . 1 74 4 63.237 2 11 AM92
/
(l + i)l 12 1 .000 830
12 1 . 126 83 0.887 45 12.682 5 1 1 .255 l 7 1 .823 8 74.492 3 12
13 1 . 1 38 09 0.878 66 1 3.809 3 12. 133 7 83.246 4 86.626 O 13
l'
14 1 . 149 47 0.869 96 14.947 4 1 3.003 7 95.425 8 99.629 7 14 0.990 099
15 1 . 1 60 97 0.861. 35 1 6.096 9 1 3 .865 l 1 08.346 l 1 1 3.494 7 15
1'1/2 0.995 037
16 1 . 1 72 58 0.852 82 1 7.257 9 14.7 1 7 9 1 2 1 . 99 1 2 128.2 1 2 6 16 1'1/4 0.997 5 1 6
17 1 . 1 84 3 0 0.844 38 1 8.43 0 4 1 5.562 3 1 36.345 6 143.774 9 17 PMA92
18 1 . 1 96 1 5 0.836 02 1 9.6 14 7 1 6.398 3 1 5 1 .394 0 1 60. 1 73 l 18 1'1/12 0.999 1 7 1
19 1 .208 1 1 0.827 74 20. 8 1 0 9 17.226 O 1 67 . 12 1 0 1 77.399 2 19
PFA92
20 1 .220 19 0.8 1 9 54 22.0 19 O 1 8.045 6 1 83.5 1 1 9 1 95.444 7 20 d 0.009 901
21 1 .232 3 9 0.8 1 1 43 23.239 2 1 8 .857 O 200.551 9 2 1 4.301 7 21 d(2 ) 0.009 926
22 1 .244 72 0.803 40 24.47 1 6 1 9.660 4 2 1 8.226 7 233 .962 l 22 d(4) 0.009 938
23 1 .257 1 6 0.795 44 25.7 1 6 3 20.455 8 236.521 8 254.4 1 7 9 23 Intemational
24 1 .269 73 0.787 57 26.973 5 2 1 .243 4 255.423 4 275.661 3 24 d(12) 0.009 946
25 1 .282 43 0.779 77 28.243 2 22.023 2 274.91 7 6 297.684 4 25 Actuarlal
-.
il P) 1 .002 494 Notation
26 1 .295 26 0.772 05 29.525 6 22.795 2 294.99.0 9 320.479 6 26
27 1 .308 2 1 0.764 40 30.820 9 23.559 6 3 1 5.629 8 344.039 2 27 i U(4) 1 .003 742
28 1 . 32 1 29 0.756 84 32. 129 l 24.3 1 6 4 336.82 1 2 368.355 7 28
33.450 4 25.065 8 358.552 l 393.421 5 29
il/ Il) 1 .004 575
29 1 .334 50 0.749 34
30 1 .347 85 0.74 1 92 34.784 9 25.807 7 380.809 8 4 1 9.229 2 30
ilo 1 .004 992
31 1 .361 3 3 0.734 58 3 6. 1 32 7 26.542 3 403.58 1 7 445.77 1 5 31
32 0.727 3 0 37.494 l 27.269 6 426.855 4 473.041 l 32 S(MU)
33
1 .374 94
1 .388 69 0.720 l O 38 .869 O 27.989 7 450.6 1 8 8 501 .030 7 33 i l d(l) 1 .007 494
34 1 .402 58 0.7 1 2 97 40.257 7 28.702 7 474.859 9 529.733 4 34 i/d (4) 1 .006 242
35 1 .4 1 6 60 0.705 9 1 4 1 .660 3 29.408 6 499.566 9 559.142 O 35
i l d(12 ) 1 .005 408
36 1 .430 77 0.698 92 43.076 9 30. 1 07 5 524.728 2 589.249 5 36
37 1 .445 08 0.692 00 44.507 6 30.799 5 550.332 4 620.049 O 37
38 1 .459 53 0.685 1 5 45.952 7 3 1 .484 7 576.368 2 65 1 .533 7 38
39 1 .474 1 2 0.678 37 47.41 2 3 32. 1 63 O 602.824 6 683.696 7 39 S(ID)
40 1 .488 86 0.671 65 48.886 4 32.834 7 629.690 7 7 1 6.53 1 4 40

41 1 .503 75 0.665 00 50.375 2 33.499 7 656.955 9 750.03 1 l 41

42 1 .5 1 8 79 6.658 42 5 1 .879 O 34. 158 l 684.609 5 784. 1 89 2 42
43 1.533 98 0.65 1 90 53.397 8 34. 8 1 0 O 7 1 2.641 2 8 1 8.999 2 43
44 1 .549 32 0.645 45 54.93 1 8 35.455 5 741 .040 8 854.454 6 44
45 1 .564 8 1 0.63 9 05 56.481 l 36.094 5 769.798 2 890.549 2 45 Pension
46 1.580 46 0.632 73 58.045 9 36.727 2 798.903 7 927.276 4 46 Scheme
47 1 .596 26 0.626 46 59.626 3 37.353 7 828.347 5 964.630 l 47
48 1 . 6 1 2 23 0.620 26 6 1 .222 6 37.974 O 858. 120 O 1 002.604 l 48
49 1 .628 35 0.6 14 1 2 62.834 8 38.588 l 888.2 1 1 8 1 04 1 . 1 92 l 49
50 1 .644 63 0.608 04 64.463 2 39. 1 96 l 9 1 8.61 3 7 1 080.388 2 50

60 l . 8 1 6 70 0.550 45 8 l .669 7 44.955 O 1 237.76 1 2 l 504.496 2 60 Time

70 2.006 76 0.498 3 1 100.676 3 50. 1 68 5 1 578. 8 1 6 O l 983.148 6 70
80 2.2 1 6 72 0.451 1 2 1 2 1 .671 5 54.888 2 l 934.765 3 2 5 1 1 . 1 79 4 80 Series
90 2.448 63 0.408 3 9 144.863 3 59. 1 60 9 2 299.728 4 3 083.91 1 9 90
1 00 2.704 8 1 0.369 7 1 1 70.48 1 4 63.028 9 2 668.804 6 3 697. 1 12 1 1 00

51
�fQtt�t;1lQJ
 Compound Interest
lY2% n (1 + Oli V" (Da);;] n

i 0.0 1 5 000 l 1 . 0 1 5 00 0.985 22 1 .000 O 0.985 2 0.985 2 0.985 2 I

P) 0.014 944 2 1 .030 23 0.970 66 2.0 15 O 1 .955 9 2.926 5 2.941 1 2
3 1 .045 68 0.956 32 3.045 2 2.9 1 2 2 5.795 5 5.853 3 3
i (4) 0.01 4 9 1 6 4 1 .06 1 3 6 0.942 1 8 4.090 9 3.854 4 9.564 2 9.707 7 4
i (l2) 0.014 898 5 1 .077 28 0.928 26 5 . 1 52 3 4.782 6 14.205 5 14.490 3 5

6 1 .093 44 0.9 1 4 54 6.229 6 5.697 2 1 9.692 8 20. 1 87 5 6

o 0.014 889 7 1 . 1 09 84 0.901 03 7.323 O 6.598 2 26.000 O 26.785 7 7
8 1 . 126 49 0.887 7 1 8.432 8 7.485 9 - 33.101 7 34.271 7 8
/
(l + i)1 2 1 .007 472 9 1 . 143 39 0.874 59 9.559 3 8.360 5 40.973 O 42.632 2 9
lO
lO 1 . 1 60 54 0.86 1 67 1 0.702 7 9.222 2 49.589 7 5 1 .854 4
1 /
. ( l + i) 4 1 .003 729
11 0.848 93 1 1 .863 3 1 0.071 1 58.927 9 6 1 .925 5 Il
( l + i)l / 12 1 . 00 1 24 1 1 . 1 77 95
12 1 . 1 95 62 0.836 39 13.041 2 1 0.907 5 68.964 6 72.833 O 12
13 1 .2 1 3 55 0.824 03 14.236 8 1 1 .73 1 5 79.676 9 84.564 5 13
97. 1 07 9 14
v 0.985 222 14 1 .23 1 76 0.8 1 1 85 1 5.450 4 1 2.543 4 9 1 .042 8
15 1 .250 23 0.799 85 1 6.682 1 1 3.343 2 1 03.040 6 1 10.45 1 I 15
1' 1/2 0.992 583
1'1/4 0.996 285 16 1 .268 99 0.788 03 1 7.932 4 1 4. 1 3 1 3 1 1 5.649 1 124.582 4 16
17 1 .288 02 0.776 39 1 9.20 1 4 14.907 6 128.847 6 1 3 9.490 O 17
1'1/12 0.998 760 18 1 .307 34 0.764 9 1 20.489 4 1 5.672 6 142.61 6 O 1 5 5 . 1 62 6 18
19 1 .326 95 0.753 6 1 2 1 .796 7 1 6.426 2 1 56.934 6 1 7 1 .588 8 19
d 0.0 14 778 20 1 .346 86 0.742 47 23.123 7 1 7. 1 68 6 1 7 1 .784 O 1 88.757 4 20

d(2) 0.014 833 21 1 .367 06 0.73 1 50 24.470 5 1 7.900 1 1 87. 145 5 206.657 6 21
d(4) 0.014 8 6 1 22 1 .387 56 0.720 69 25.837 6 1 8.620 8 203.000 6 225.278 4 22
23 1 .408 38 0.7 1 0 04 27.225 1 1 9.330 9 2 1 9.33 1 4 244.609 2 23
d(1 2) 0.014 879 24 1 .429 50 0.699 54 28.633 5 20.030 4 .236. 120 5 264.63 9 6 24
25 1 .450 95 0.689 2 1 30.063 O 20.7 1 9 6 253.350 6 285.359 3 25
i 1;(2) 1 .003 736
26 1 .472 7 1 0.679 02 3 1 .5 1 4 O 2 1 .398 6 271 .005 2 306.757 9 26
il i(4) 1 .005 608 27 1 .494 80 0.668 99 32.986 7 22.067 6 289.067 8 328.825 5 27
28 1 .5 1 7 22 0.659 l O 34.481 5 22.726 7 307.522 6 3 5 1 .552 2 28
il i(12) 1 .006 857
29 1 .539 98 0.649 36 35.998 7 23.376 1 326.354 O 374.928 3 29
30 1 .563 08 0.639 76 37.538 7 24.0 15 8 345.546 8 398.944 I 30
i lo 1 .007 481
31 1 .586 53 0.630 3 1 39. 1 0 1 8 24.646 l 365.086 4 423.590 3 31
32 1 .6 1 0 32 0.620 99 40.688 3 25.267 1 384.958 2 448.857 4 32
i l d(2) 1 .0 1 1 236 33 1 .634 48 0.6 1 1 82 42.298 6 25.879 O 405.148 1 474.73 6 4 33
ild (4) 1 .009 358 34 1 .659 00 0.602 77 43.933 1 26.481 7 425.642 4 501 . 2 1 8 I 34
35 1 .683 88 0.593 87 45.592 1 27.075 6 446.427 7 528.293 7 35
ild (12) 1 .008 1 07
36 1 .709 14 0.585 09 47.276 O 27.660 7 467.490 9 555.954 4 36
37 1 .734 78 0.576 44 48.985 I 28.237 I 488.8 1 9 3 584. 1 9 1 5 37
38 1 .760 80 0.567 92 50.7 1 9 9 28.805 1 5 1 0.400 5 6 12.996 6 38
39 1 .787 2 1 0.559 53 52.480 7 29.364 6 532.222 2 642.36 1 1 39
40 1 . 8 1 4 02 0.55 1 26 54.267 9 29.9 1 5 8 554.272 7 672.277 O 40

41 1 .841 23 0.543 1 2 56.081 9 30.459 O 576.540 4 702.735 9 41

42 1 .868 85 0.535 09 57.923 1 30.994 1 599.0 1 4 2 733.730 O 42 "'"
43 1 .896 88 0.527 1 8 59.792 O 3 1 .52 1 2 62 1 .683 O 765.25 1 2 43
44 1 .925 33 0.5 1 9 39 6 1 .688 9 32.040 6 644.53 6 1 797.29 1 9 44
45 1 .954 2 1 0.5 1 1 7 1 63.614 2 32.552 3 667.563 3 829.844 2 45

46 1 .983 53 0.504 15 65.568 4 33.056 5 690.754 3 862.900 7 46

47 2.0 1 3 28 0.496 70 67.551 9 33.553 2 7 1 4.099 3 896.453 9 47
48 2.043 48 0.489 36 69.565 2 34.042 6 737.588 7 930.496 4 48
49 2.074 1 3 0.482 1 3 7 1 .608 7 34.524 7 76 1 .2 1 3 l 965.02 1 I 49
50 2 . 1 05 24 0.475 00 73.682 8 34.999 7 784.963 3 1 000.020 8 50

60 2.443 22 0.409 30 96.2 1 4 7 39.380 3 l 027.547 7 1 374.648 7 60

70 2.835 46 0.352 68 122.363 8 43 . 1 54 9 l 274.320 7 1 789.675 2 70
80 3.290 66 0.303 89 152.7 1 0 9 46.407 3 1 5 1 9.48 1 4 2 239.5 1 1 8 80
90 3 . 8 1 8 95 0.261 85 1 87.929 9 49.209 9 l 758.753 7 2 7 1 9.343 O 90
100 4.432 05 0.225 63 228.803 O 5 1 .624 7 1 989.075 3 3 225.0 1 9 8 1 00

52
 Compound Interest
"
11 (1 + i)" v (la);;] 11 2%
1 1 .020 00 0.980 39 1 .000 O 0.980 4 0.980 4 0.980 4 1 i 0.020 000
2 1 .040 40 0.961 17 2.020 O 1 .94 1 6 2.902 7 2.922 O 2 P) 0.0 1 9 901
3 1 .061 2 1 0.942 32 3.060 4 2.883 9 5.729 7 5.805 8 3
4 1 .082 43 0.923 85 4. 1 2 1 6 3.807 7 9.425 l 9.613 6 4 i(4) 0.0 1 9 852
5 1 . 104 08 0.905 73 5.204 O 4. 7 1 3 5 1 3.953 7 14.327 O 5 i( 1 2) 0.0 1 9 8 1 9 ELT15
6 1 . 126 1 6 0.887 97 6.308 1 5.60 1 4 1 9.28 1 6 19.928 5 6
7 1 . 148 69 0.870 56 7.434 3 6.472 O 25.375 5 26.400 4 7 o 0.019 803
8 1 . 1 7 1 66 0.853 49 8.583 O 7.325 5 32.203 4 33.725 9 8
9 1 . 195 09 0.836 76 9.754 6 8 . 1 62 2 39.734 2 4 1 .888 2 9 (l + i) 1/2 1 .009 950
lO 1 .2 1 8 99 0.820 35 1 0.949 7 8.982 6 47.937 7 50.870 7 lO
J1 + i)1/4 1 .004 963
Il 1 .243 37 0.804 26 1 2. 1 68 7 9.786 8 56.784 6 60.657 6 11 AM92
12 1 .268 24 0.788 49 1 3.4 1 2 1 1 0.575 3 66.246 5 7 1 .232 9 12 (1 + i)1 I 1 2 1 .001 652
13 1 .293 6 1 0.773 03 14.680 3 1 1 .348 4 76.295 9 82.581 3 13 �

14 1 .3 19 48 0.757 88 1 5 .973 9 12. 1 06 2 86.906 2 94.687 6 14 .1' 0.980 392

15 1 .345 87 0.743'0 1 1 7.293 4 1 2.849 3 98.05 1 4 1 07.536 8 15
1'1/2 0.990 148
16 1 .372 79 0.728 45 1 8.639 3 1 3 .577 7 1 09.706 5 1 2 1 . 1 14 5 16 1'1/4 0.995 062
17 1 .400 24 0.7 1 4 16 20.0 1 2 1 14.29 1 9 1 2 1 .847 3 1 35.406 4 17 PMA92
18 1 .428 25 0.700 1 6 2 1 .412 3 14.992 O 134.450 2 1 50.398 4 18 1'1/1 2 0.998 351
19 1 .456 8 1 0.686 43 22.840 6 1 5.678 5 1 47.492 3 1 66.076 9 19
PFA92
20 1 .485 95 0.672 97 24.297 4 1 6.35 1 4 1 60.95 1 8 1 82.428 3 20 d 0.0 1 9 608
21 1 .5 1 5 67 0.659 78 25.783 3 1 7.0 1 1 2 1 74.807 1 1 99.439 5 21 d(2) 0.0 1 9 705
22 1 .545 98 0.646 84 27.299 O 1 7.658 O 1 89.037 5 2 1 7.097 6 22 d(4) 0.0 1 9 754
23 1 .576 90 0.634 1 6 28.845 O 1 8 .292 2 203.623 l 235.389 8 23 Intemational
,24 1 .608 44 0.62 1 72 30.42 1 9 18.9 1 3 9 2 1 8.544 4 254.303 7 24 d( 1 2) 0.0 1 9 786
_ 25 1 .640 6 1 0.609 53 32.030 3 1 9.523 5 233.782 7 273.827 2 25 Actuarial
i lP) 1 .004 975 Notation
26 1 .673 42 0.597 58 33.670 9 20. 1 2 1 0 249.3 1 9 8 293.948 2 26
27 1 .706 89 0.585 86 35.344 3 20.706 9 265 . 138 O 3 14.655 1 27 il i(4) 1 .007 469
28 1 .741 02 0.574 37 37.05 1 2 2 1 .28 1 3 2 8 1 .220 5 335.936 4 28
i / i( 1 2) 1 .009 134
29 1 .775 84 0.563 I l 38.792 2 2 1 . 844 4 297.550 8 357.780 8 29
30 1 .8 1 1 36 0.552 07 40.568 1 22.396 5 3 14. 1 12 9 380. 177 2 30
ilo 1 .009 967
31 1 .847 59 0.54 1 25 42.379 4 22.937 7 330.891 5 403. 1 14 9 31
32 1 .884 54 0.530 63 44.227 O 23.468 3 347.871 8 426.583 3 32
il d(2) 1 . 0 14 975
S(MU)
33 1 .922 23 0.520 23 46. 1 1 1 6 23.988 6 365.039 3 450.571 8 33
34 1 .960 68 0.5 1 0 03 48.033 8 24.498 6 382.380 3 475.070 4 34 i l d(4) 1 . 0 1 2 469
35 1 .999 89 0.500 03 49.994 5 24.998 6 399.88 1 3 500.069 O 35
il d( 1 2) 1 .0 1 0 801
36 2.039 89 0.490 22 5 1 .994 4 25.488 8 4 1 7.529 3 525.557 9 36
37 2.080 69 0.480 6 1 54.034 3 25.969 5 435.3 1 1 9 5 5 1 .527 3 37
38 2. 1 22 30 0.47 1 19 56. 1 14 9 26.440 6 453.217 O 577.968 O 38
39 2. 1 64 74 0.461 95 58.237 2 26.902 6 471 .233 O 604.870 6 39 S(ID)
40 2.208 04 0.452 89 60.402 O 27.355 5 489.348 6 632.226 O 40

41 2.252 20 0.444 0 1 62.610 O 27.799 5 507.553 O 660.025 5 41

42 2.297 24 0.435 30 64.862 2 28.234 8 525.835 8 688.260 3 42
43 2.343 1 9 0.426 77 67. 159 5 28.661 6 544. 1 86 9 7 1 6.92 1 9 43
44 2.390 05 0.4 1 8 40 69.502 7 29.080 O 562.596 5 746.001 8 44
45 2.437 85 0.4 1 0 20 7 1 .892 7 29.490 2 581 .055 3 775.492 O 45 Pension
46 2.486 6 1 0.402 1 5 74.330 6 29.892 3 599.554 4 805.384 3 46
Scheme
47 2.536 34 0.394 27 76.8 1 7 2 30.286 6 6 1 8.085 O 835.670 9 47
48 2.587 07 0.386 54 79.353 5 30.673 1 636.638 8 866.344 O 48
49 2.638 8 1 0.378 96 8 1 .940 6 3 1 .052 l 655.207 8 897.396 1 49
50 2.691 59 0.37 1 53 84.579 4 3 1 .423 6 673.784 2 928.8 1 9 7 50

60 3.281 03 0.304 78 1 1 4.05 1 5 34.760 9 858.458 4 l 261 .955 7 60 Time

70 3.999 56 0.250 03 149.977 9 37.498 6 1 037.332 9 1 625.069 O 70
80 4.875 44 0.205 I l 1 93.772 O 39.744 5 1 206.53 1 3 2 0 1 2.774 3 80 Series
90 5 .943 13 0 . 1 68 26 247 . 1 56 7 4 1 .586 9 1 363.757 O 2 420.653 5 90
100 7.244 65 0. 1 3 8 03 3 12.232 3 43.098 4 1 507.851 1 2 845.082 4 1 00

53
Jtfiì�tlQ"";"QI
 Compound Interest
2%% 11 (l + i)/1 l'II (la);;] 11

i 0.025 000 1 1.025 00 0.975 61 1 .000 O 0.975 6 0.975 6 0.975 6 1

P) 0.024 846 2 1.050 63 0.95 1 8 1 2.025 O 1 .927 4 2.879 2 2.903 O 2
3 1 .076 89 0.928 60 3.075 6 2.856 O 5.665 O 5.759 1 3
i(4) 0.024 769 4 1 . 1 03 8 1 0.905 95 4. 152 5 3.762 O 9.288 8 9.52 1 0 4
i (1 2 ) 0.024 7 1 8 5 1 . 1 3 1 41 0.883 85 5.256 3 4.645 8 13.708 1 14.166 9 5

6 1 . 1 59 69 0.862 30 6.387 7 5.508 1 1 8.88 1 9 19.675 O 6

8 0.024 693 7 1 . 1 88 69 0.84 1 27 7.547 4 6.349 4 24.770 7 26.024 4 7
8 1 .2 1 8 40 0.820 75 8.736 1 7. 170 l 3 1 .336 7 33.194 5 8
9 1 .248 86 0.800 73 9.954 5 7.970 9 38.543 3 4 1 . 1 65 4 9
(l + i)I/2 1.012 423
10 1 .280 08 0.78 1 20 1 1 .203 4 8.752 1 46.355 3 49.9 1 7 4 lO
(l + i)I/4 1 .006 192
Il 1 .3 1 2 09 0.762 1 4 12.483 5 9.5 14 2 54.738 9 59.43 1 7 Il
( l + i) 1 1 I 2 1 .002 060 12 1 .344 89 0.743 56 13 .795 6 1 0.257 8 63.661 5 69.689 4 12
13 1 .378 5 1 0.725 42 15.140 4 10.983 2 73.092 O 80.672 6 13
14 1 .4 1 2 97 0.707 73 16.519 O 1 1 .690 9 83.000 2 92.363 5 14
v 0.975 6 1 0
15 1 .448 30 0.690 47 17.93 1 9 12.38 1 4 93.357 2 104.744 9 15
1'1/2 0.987 730
16 1 .484 5 1 0.673 62 19.380 2 1 3.055 O 104. 135 2 1 1 7.799 9 16
,,1/4 0.993 846
17 1 .521 62 0.657 20 20.864 7 13.712 2 1 1 5.307 5 1 3 1 .5 1 2 l 17
1'1/1 2 0.997 944 18 1 .559 66 0.64 1 1 7 22.386 3 14.353 4 126.848 5 145.865 5 18
19 1 .598 65 0.625 53 23.946 O 14.978 9 138.733 5 1 60.844 3 19
d 0.024 390 20 1.638 62 0.61 0 27 25.544 7 15.589 2 1 50.938 9 176.433 5 20

c/ (2 ) 0.024 541 21 1 .679 58 0.595 39 27.183 3 1 6 . 1 84 5 1 63 .442 O 192.618 l 21

d (4) 0.024 6 1 7 22 1 .72 1 57 0.580 86 28.862 9 16.765 4 1 76.221 0 209.383 5 22
23 1 .764 6 1 0.566 70 30.584 4 17.332 1 1 89.255 1 226.7 1 5 6 23
d( l 2) 0.024 667 24 1 .808 73 0.552 88 32.349 O 17.885 O 202.524 l 244.600 6 24
25 1 .853 94 0.539 39 34. 157 8 1 8.424 4 2 1 6.008 8 263.024 9 25
il P) 1 .006 2 1 1
26 1 .900 29 0.526 23 36.0 1 1 7 1 8.950 6 229.690 9 281 .975 6 26
i / / 4) 1.009 327 27 1 .947 80 0.5 1 3 40 37.912 O 19.464 O 243.552 7 30 1 .439 6 27
28 1 .996 50 0.500 88 39.859 8 19.964 9 257.577 3 321 .404 5 28
i / i(1 2) 1.0 1 1 407
29 2.046 4 1 0.488 66 4 1 .856 3 20.453 5 27 1 .748 5 341.858 O 29
30 2.097 57 0.476 74 43.902 7 20.930 3 286.050 8 362.788 3 30
i/ 8 1.012 449
31 2 . 1 50 01 0.465 I l 46.000 3 2 1 .395 4 300.469 3 384. 1 83 7 31 l '
32 2.203 76 0.453 77 . 48. 1 50 3 2 1 .849 2 3 1 4.990 O 406.032 9 32
i/ c/ (2) 1.018 7 1 1 33 2.258 85 0.442 70 50.354 O 22.291 9 329.599 2 428.324 8 33
i / d(4) 1 . 0 1 5 577 34 2.3 1 5 32 0.43 1 9 1 52.612 9 22.723 8 344.284 O 45 1.048 5 34
35 2.373 2 1 0.42 1 37 54.928 2 23.145 2 359.032 O 474. 1 93 7 35
i/ c/(1 2) 1 . 0 1 3 491
36 2.432 54 0.41 1 09 57.301 4 23.556 3 373.83 1 3 497.750 O 36
37 2.493 35 0.40 1 07 59.733 9 23.957 3 388.670 8 521 .707 3 37
38 2.555 68 0.391 28 62.227 3 24.348 6 403.539 6 546.055 9 38
39 2.61 9 57 0.38 1 74 ·64.783 O 24.730 3 4 1 8.427 6 570.786 2 39
40 2.685 06 0.372 43 67.402 6 25. 102 8 433.324 8 595.889 O 40

41 2.752 1 9 0.363 35 70.087 6 25.466 l 448.222 O 621 .355 1 41

42 2.821 00 0.354 48 72.839 8 25.820 6 463. 1 1 0 4 647. 175 7 42
43 2.89 1 52 0.345 84 75.660 8 26. 1 66 4 477.98 1 4 673.342 2 43
44 2.963 8 1 0.337 40 78.552 3 26.503 8 492.827 2 699.846 O 44
45 3 .037 90 0.329 1 7 8 1 .5 1 6 1 26.833 O 507.640 1 726.679 O 45

46 3 . 1 13 85 0.321 15 84.554 O 27. 1 54 2 522.412 8 753.833 2 46

47 3 . 1 9 1 70 0.3 1 3 3 1 87.667 9 27.467 5 537. 1 3 8 5 781 .300 7 47
48 3.27 1 49 0.305 67 90.859 6 27.773 2 55 1 .8 1 0 7 809.073 9 48
49 3.353 28 0.298 22 94. 131 1 28.071 4 566.423 3 837.145 2 49
50 3.437 I l 0.290 94 97.484 3 28.362 3 580.970 4 865.507 5 50

60 4.399 79 0.227 28 135.991 6 30.908 7 72 1. 774 3 1 163.653 7 60

70 5.632 l O 0. 1 77 55 1 85.284 1 32.897 9 85 1 .662 I 1 484.085 7 70
80 7.209 57 0.138 70 248.382 7 34.451 8 968.669 9 1 82 1 .927 3 80
90 9.228 86 0.108 36 329. 154 3 35.665 8 1 072.215 7 2 173.369 3 90
100 1 1 .8 1 3 72 0.084 65 432.548 7 36.614 l 1 1 62.588 8 2 535.435 8 1 00

54
 Compound Interest
11 (1 + i)iI Vii (la);;] 11 3%
1 1 .030 00 0.970 87 1 .000 O 0.970 9 0.970 9 0.970 9 1 i 0.030 000
2 1 .060 90 0.942 60 2.030 O 1.913 5 2.856 1 2.884 3 2 P) 0.029 778
3 1 .092 73 0.9 1 5 1 4 3.090 9 2.828 6 5.60 1 5 5.7 1 3 O 3
4 1 . 125 5 1 0.888 49 4. 1 83 6 3.717 I 9. 1 55 4 9.430 1 4 i (4) 0.029 668
5 1 . 1 5 9 27 0.862 6 1 5.309 1 4.579 7 1 3.468 5 14.009 8 5 i( l 2 ) 0.029 595 ELTlS
6 1 . 1 94 05 0.837 48 6.468 4 5.4 1 7 2 1 8.493 4 1 9.427 O 6
7 1 .229 87 0.8 1 3 09 7.662 5 6.230 3 24. 1 85 O 25.657 2 7 lì 0.029 559
8 1 .266 77 0.789 4 1 8.892 3 7.0 1 9 7 30.500 3 32.676 9 8
9 1.304 77 0.766 42 1 0. 1 59 1 7.786 1 37.398 I 40.463 O 9 ( l + i) 1/2 1 . 0 1 4 889
lO 1 .343 92 0.744 09 1 1 .463 9 8.530 2 44.839 O 48.993 2 lO
( 1 + i) 1/4 1 .007 4 1 7
II 1 .384 23 0.722 42 12.807 8 9.252 6 52.785 6 58.245 9 11 AM92
12 1 .425 76 0.70 1 38 1 4. 1 92 O 9.954 O 6 1 .202 2 68. 199 9 12 (l + iF I 2 1 .002 466
13 1.468 53 0.680 95 1 5.617 8 1 0.635 O 70.054 6 78.834 8 13
v
14 1 . 5 1 2 59 0.66 1 12 1 7.086 3 1 1 .296 I 79.3 1 0 2 90. 130 9 14 0.970 874
15 1 .557 97 0.64'1 86 1 8.598 9 1 1 .937 9 88.938 1 1 02.068 8 15
1' 1/2 0.985 329
16 1 .604 7 1 0.623 1 7 20.156 9 12.56 1 1 98.908 8 1 14 .629 9 16 1'1/4 0.992 638
17 1 .652 85 0.605 02 2 1 .76 1 6 1 3 . 1 66 I 109. 1 94 1 127.796 1 17 PMA92
18 1 .702 43 0.587 3 9 23.4 1 4 4 1 3 .753 5 ' 1 1 9.767 2 1 4 1.549 6 18 1'1/1 2 0.997 540
19 1 .753 5 1 0.570 29 25.1 1 6 9 14.323 8 1 3 0.602 6 1 55.873 4 19
PFA92
26 1 .806 I I 0.553 68 26.870 4 14.877 5 1 4 1.676 I 1 7.ll . 750 8 20 d 0.029 126
,21 1 .860 29 0.537 55 28.676 5 1 5 .4 1 5 O 152.964 7 1 86. 1 65 9 21 d( 2) 0.029 341
'22 1.916 lO 0.52 1 8 9 30.536 8 15.93 6 9 1 64.446 3 2Ò2. 102 8 22 d(4 ) 0.029 450
23 1 .973 59 0.506 69 32.452 9 1 6.443 6 176. 1 00 2 2Ì8.546 4 23 Intemanonal
24 2.032 79 0.491 93 34.426 5 1 6.935 5 187.906 6 235.481 9 24 d( l 2) 0.029 522
25 2.093 78 0.477 6 1 36.459 3 1 7.4 1 3 1 1 99.846 8 252.895 1 25 Actuarial
ilP) 1 .007 445 Notation
26 2. 1 56 59 0.463 69 38.553 O 17.876 8 2 1 1 .902 .8 270.771 9 26
27 2.22 1 29 0.450 1 9 .-40.709 6 1 8.327 O 224.057 9 289.099 O 27 i l i(4) 1 .0 1 1 1 8 1
28 2.287 93 0.437 08 42.93 0 9 1 8.764 1 236.296 1 307.863 1 28
327.05 1 5 29
i I l 1 2) 1 . 0 1 3 677
29 2.356 57 0.424 35 45.2 1 8 9 19.188 5 248.602 1
30 2.427 26 0.4 1 1 99 47.575 4 19.600 4 260.961 7 346.652 O 30
i l lì 1 .0 1 4 926
31 2.500 08 0.399 99 50.002 7 20.000 4 273.3 6 1 3 366.652 4 31
32 2.575 08 0.388 34 52.502 8 20.388 8 285.788.-J. 387.041 1 32
i l d (2) 1 .022 445
S(MU)
33 2.652 34 0.377 03 55.077 8 20.765 8 298.230 O 407.806 9 33
34 2.73 1 9 1 0.366 04 57.73 0 2 2 1 . 13 1 8 3 1 0.675 5 428.938 8 34 i l d(4) 1 .0 1 8 6 8 1
35 2.8 1 3 86 0.355 38 60.462 1 2 1 .487 2 323 . 1 1 3 9 450.426 O 35
il d( 1 2) 1 . 0 1 6 1 77
36 2.898 28 0.345 03 63.275 9 2 1 .832 3 335.535 1 472.258 3 36
37 2.985 23 0.334 98 66. 1 74 2 22. 1 67 2 347.929 5 494.425 5 37
38 3.074 78 0.325 23 69. 159 4 22.492 5 360.288 1 5 1 6.9 1 7 9 38
39 3 . 1 67 03 0.3 1 5 75 72.234 2 22.808 2 372.602 4 539.726 2 39 S(ID)
40 3.262 04 0.306 56 75.40 1 3 23.1 1 4 8 384.864 7 562.840 9 40
41 3.359 90 0.297 63 78.663 3 23.4 1 2 4 397.067 5 586.253 3 41
42 3.460 70 0.288 96 82.023 2 23.70 1 4 409.203 8 609.954 7 42
43 3.564 52 0.280 54 85.483 9 23.98 1 9 421 .267 I 633.936 6 43
44 3.67 1 45 0.272 37 89.048 4 24.254 3 433.25 1 5 658. 190 9 44
45 3.78 1 60 0.264 44 92.7 1 9 9 24.5 1 8 7 445 . 1 5 1 2 682.709 6 45 Pension
46 3.895 04 0.256 74 96.501 5 24.775 4 456.96 1 1 707.485 O 46 Scheme
47 4.0 1 1 90 0.249 26 100.396 5 25.024 7 468.676 2 732.509 7 47
48 4. 1 3 2 25 0.242 00 1 04.408 4 25.266 7 480.292 2 757.776 4 48
49 4.256 22 0.234 95 1 08.540 6 25.501 7 49 1 .804 7 783.278 1 49
50 4.383 9 1 0.228 I I 1 12.796 9 25.729 8 503.2 1 0 1 809.007 9 50

60 5.89 1 60 0. 1 69 73 1 63.053 4 27.675 6 6 10.728 2 I 077.481 2 60

70 7.9 1 7 82 0.126 3 0 230.594 I 29. 1 23 4 705.2 1 0 3 1 362.552 6 70 Time
80 1 0.640 89 0.093 98 3 2 1 .363 O 30.200 8 786.287 3 1 659. 974 6 80 Sel'ies
90 14.300 47 0.069 93 443.348 9 3 1 .002 4 854.632 6 1 966.586 4 90
1 00 1 9.2 1 8 63 0.052 03 607.287 7 3 1 .598 9 9 1 1 .453 O 2 280.036 5 1 00

55
:Qt-:à:iICl'fI"nl
 Compound Interest
4% Il (1 + i)1I V
II
(la);;] Il

i 0.040 000 1 1 .040 00 0.96 1 54 1 .000 O 0.96 1 5 0.961 5 0.96 1 5 1

2.040 O 1.886 1 2.8 1 0 7 2.847 6 2
i(2) 0.039 608 2 1.08 1 60 0.924 56
3
3 1 . 124 86 0.889 00 3.121 6 2.775 1 5.477 6 5.622 7
i(4) 0.039 4 14 4 1 . 169 86 0.854 80 4.246 5 3.629 9 8.896 9 9.252 6 4
5.4 1 6 3 4.45 1 8 13.006 5 1 3.704 4 5
i(1 2) 0.039 285 5 1 .2 1 6 65 0.821 93
-v
6 1 .265 32 0.790 3 1 6.633 O 5.242 1 1 7.748 4 1 8.946 6 6
Ù 0.039 221 7 1 .3 1 5 93 0.759 92 7.898 3 6.002 1 23.067 8 24.948 6 7
8 1 .368 57 0.730 69 9.2 1 4 2 6.732 7 28.9 1 3 3 3 1 .68 1 4 8
9 1 .423 3 1 0.702 59 10.582 8 7.435 3 35.236 6 39. 1 1 6 7 9
(1 + i) 1/2 1 .019 804 12.006 1 8.1 1 0 9 4 1 .992 2 47.227 6 lO
lO 1 .480 24 0.675 56
(1 +i) 1/4 1 .009 853
11 1 .539 45 0.649 58 13.486 4 8.760 5 49. 137 6 55.988 1 11
(l + i) l / 1 2 1 .003 274 12 1 .60 1 03 0.624 60 15.025 8 9.385 1 56.632 8 65.373 2 12
13 1 .665 07 0.600 57 16.626 8 9.985 6 64.440 3 75.358 8 13
14 1 . 73 1 68 0.577 48 18.29 1 9 10.563 1 72.524 9 85.921 9 14
v 0.961 538
15 1 .800 94 0.555 26 20.023 6 1 1 . 1 18 4 ' 80.853 9 97.040 3 15
1' 1/2 0.980 581
16 1 .872 9 8 0.533 9 1 2 1.824 5 1 1 .652 3 89.396 4 108.692 6 16
1' 1/4 0.990 243
120.858 3 17
17 1 .947 90 0.5 13 37 23.697 5 12. 165 7 98. 123 8
1'1/1 2 0.996 737 18 2.025 82 0.493 63 25.645 4 12.659 3 107.009 1 1 33.5 17 6 18
19 2 . 1 06 85 0.474 64 27.67 1 2 13. 133 9 1 1 6.027 3 146.65 1 5 19
20 2 . 1 9 1 12 0.456 39 29.. 778 1 13.590 3 125. 155 O 160.24 1 8 20
d 0.038 462
d(2) 0.038 839 21 2.278 77 0.43 8 83 3 1 .969 2 14.029 2 134.370 5 174.27 1 0 21
34.248 O 14.451 1 143.653 5 1 88.722 1 22
d(4) 0.039 029 22 - 2.369 92 0.42 1 96
152.985 2 203.579 O 23
23 2.464 72 0.405 73 36.617 9 14.856 8
d(12) 0.039 157 24 2.563 30 0.390 1 2 39.082 6 1 5.247 O 162.348 2 21 8.825 9 24
25 2.665 84 0.375 1 2 4 1 .645 9 1 5.622 1 1 7 1 .726 1 234.448 O 25
il P) 1.009 902 26 2.772 47 0.360 69 44.3 1 1 7 1 5.982 8 1 8 1 . 104 O 250.430 8 26
i I i(4) 1 .0 1 4 877 27 2.883 37 0.346 82 47.084 2 16.329 6 190.468 O 266.760 4 27
28 2.998 70 0.333 48 49.967 6 16.663 1 199.805 4 283.423 4 28
il i (12) 1 . 0 1 8 204 29 3 . 1 1 8 65 0.320 65 52.966 3 16.983 7 209. 104 3 300.407 1 29
30 3 .243 40 0.308 32 56.084 9 1 7.292 O 2 1 8.353 9 3 1 7.699 2 30
ilo 1 .0 1 9 869
31 3.373 1 3 0.296 46. 59.328 3 17.588 5 227.544 1 335.287 7 31
32 3.508 06 0.285 06 62.70 1 5 17.873 6 236.666 O 353. 1 6 1 2 32
ild(2) 1 .029 902 33 3.648 38 0.274 09 66.209 5 18. 147 6 245.7 1 1 1 371 .308 9 33
ild(4) 1 .024 877 34 3.794 32 0.263 55 69.857 9 18.4 1 1 2 254.671 9 389.720 1 34
35 3 .946 09 0.253 42 73.652 2 1 8.664 6 263.541 4 408.384 7 35
il d(l 2) 1.02 1 537
36 4 . 1 03 93 0.243 67 . 77.598 3 18.908 3 272.3 1 3 5 427.293 O 36
37 4.268 09 0.234 30 8 1 .702 2 19. 142 6 280.982 5 446.435 5 37
38 4.438 8 1 0.225 29 85.970 3 19.367 9 289.543 3 465.803 4 38
39 4.6 1 6 37 0.2 1 6 62 90.409 1 19.584 5 297.991 5 485.387 9 39
40 4.801 02 0.208 29 95.025 5 19.792 8 306.323 1 505.180 7 40

41 4.993 06 0.200 28 99.826 5 19.993 1 3 1 4.534 5 525. 173 7 41

42 5 . 192 78 0 . 1 92 57 104.819 6 20. 185 6 322.622 6 545.359 3 42
43 5 .400 50 0 . 1 85 17 1 1 0.0 1 2 4 20.370 8 330.584 9 565.730 1 43
44 5.6 16 52 0.178 05 1 1 5.4 1 2 9 20.548 8 338.4 1 8 9 586.279 O 44
45 5.84 1 1 8 0. 1 7 1 20 121 .029 4 20.720 O 346.122 8 606.999 O 45

46 6.074 82 0. 1 64 6 1 126.870 6 20.884 7 353.695 1 627.883 7 46

47 6.3 1 7 82 0.158 28 132.945 4 2 1 .042 9 361. 134 3 648.926 6 47
48 6.570 53 0.152 1 9 139.263 2 2 1 . 1 95 1 368.439 7 670. 12 1 7 48
49 6.833 35 0.146 34 145.833 7 2 1 .341 5 375.6 1 0 4 691 .463 2 49
50 7 . 1 06 68 0.140 7 1 152.667 1 2 1 .482 2 382.646 O 7 1 2.945 4 50

60 10.5 1 9 63 0.095 06 237.990 7 22.623 5 445.620 1 934.4 1 2 8 60

70 15.57 1 62 0.064 22 364.290 5 23.394 5 495.873 4 1 165. 1 37 1 70
80 23.049 80 0.043 38 551 .245 O 23.9 1 5 4 535.03 1 5 1 402. 1 15 2 80
90 34. 1 19 33 0.029 3 1 827.983 3 24.267 3 565.004 2 1 643.3 1 8 1 90
100 50.504 95 0.0 1 9 80 l 237.623 7 24.505 O 587.629 9 1 887.375 O 100

56
 /

Compound Interest
n (la)/1l 5%
1 1 .050 00 0.952 3 8 1 .000 O 0.952 4 0.952 4 0.952 4 1 i 0.050 000
2 1 . 1 02 50 0.907 03 2.050 O 1 .859 4 2.766 4 2.8 1 1 8 2 P) 0.049 390
3 1 . 1 57 63 0.863 84 3 . 1 52 5 2.723 2 5.358 O 5.535 O 3
4 1 .2 1 5 5 1 0.822 70 4.3 1 0 1 3.546 O " 8.648 8 9.081 0 4 i(4 ) 0.049 089
5 1 .276 28 0.783 53 5.525 6 4.329 5 12.566 4 1 3 .41 0 5 5 i(1 2) 0.048 889
ELT15

\
6 1 .340 l O 0.746 22 6.80 1 9 5.075 7 1 7,043 7 1 8.486 2 6
7 1 .407 1 0 0.7 1 0 68 8. 142 O 5.786 4 22.0 1 8 5 24.272 5 7 o 0.048 790
8 1 .477 46 0.676 84 9.549 1 6.463 2 27.433 2 30.735 7 8
9 1 .551 33 0.644 6 1 1 1 .026 6 7.107 8 33.234 7 37.843 6 9 (1 +i) 1/2 1 . 024 695
10 1 .628 89 0.613 9 1 12.577 9 7.72 1 7 39.373 8 45.565 3 lO
(l + i) I/4 1 .0 1 2 272
Il 1 . 7 1 0 34 0.584 68 14.206 8 8.306 4 45.805 3 53.871 7 Il AM92
12 1 .795 86 0.556 84 1 5.917 1 8.863 3 52.487 3 62.735 O 12 (1 + i) 1 1 I 2 1 .004 074
13 1 .885 65 0.530 32 1 7.713 O 9.393 6 . 59.381 5 72.128 5 13
14 1 .979 93 0.505 07 1 9.598 6 9.898 6 66.452 4 82.027 2 14 v 0.952 381
-.1 5 2.078 93 0.481 02 2 1 .578 6 1 0.379 7 73.667 7 - 92.406 8 15
1' 1/2 0.975 900
16 2. 1 82 87 0.458 I l 23.657 5 1 0.837 8 80.997 5 � 1 03 .244 6 16 1' 1/4 0.987 877
. 17 2.292 02 0.436 30 25.840 4 1 1 .274 1 88.4 ! 4 5 1 14.5 1 8 7 17 PMA92
'" 18 2.406 62 0.4 1 5 52 28. 1 32 4 1 1 .689 6- 95.893 9 .-' 126:208 3 18 1' 1/1 2 0.995 942
19 2.526 95 0.395 73 30.539 O 12.085 3 1 03.412 8 1 38.293 6 19 PFA92
20 2.653 30 0.376 89 33.066 O 12.462 2 1 10.950 6 150.755 8 20 d 0.047 6 1 9
21 2.785 96 0.358 94 35.7 1 9 3 12.82 1 2 1 1 8.488 4 163.576 9 21 d( 2 ) 0.048 200
22 2.925 26 0.34 1 85 38.505 2 1 3 . 163 O 126.009 1 176.739 9 22 d(4) 0.048 494
23 3.071 52 0.325 57 4 1 .430 5 1 3 .488 6 1 33.497 3 190.228 5 23
24 3.225 l O 0.3 1 0 07 44.502 O 1 3.798 6 140.938 9 204.027 2 24 d( 1 2) 0.048 691 Intemational
25 3.386 35 0.295 30 47.727 1 14.093 9 148.321 5 218.121 1 25 Actuarial
232.496 3 26
il P) 1 . 0 1 2 348 Nòtation
26 3.555 67 0.281 24 5 1 . 1 13 5 14.375 2 1 55.633 7
27 3.733 46 0.267 85 '-04.669 1 1 4.643 O 162.865 6 247 . 1 39 3 27 i / i(4) 1 . 0 1 8 559
28 3.920 1 3 0.255 09 58.402 6 14.898 1 1 70.008 2 262.037 5 28
277 . 178 5 29 i / i (1 2) 1 .022 7 1 5
29 4.1 1 6 1 4 0.242 95 62.322 7 1 5 . 1 4 1 1 1 77.053 7
30 4.321 94 0.23 1 38 66.438 8 1 5.372 5 1 83.995 O 292.55 1 0 30
ilo 1 .024 797
31 4.538 04 0.220 36 70.760 8 1 5.592 8 1 90.826 1 308.143 8 31
32 4.764 94 0.209 87 75.298 8 1 5.802 7 197.54 1 9 323.946 5 32 S(MU)
33 5.003 19 0 . 1 99 87 80.063 8 1 6.002 5 204. 137 7 339.949 O 33 il d (2 ) 1 .037 348
34 5.253 35 0 . 1 90 35 85.067 O 16.192 9 2 1 0.609 7 356. 14 1 9 34 i / d(4) 1 .03 1 059
35 5.5 1 6 02 0. 1 8 1 29 90.320 3 1 6.374 2 2 16.954 9 372. 5 1 6 1 35
i/ d( 1 2) 1 .026 8 8 1
36 5.791 82 0. 1 72 66 95.836 3 1 6.546 9 223 . 170 5 389.063 O 36
37 6.08 1 4 1 0.164 44 1 0 1 .628 1 1 6.7 1 1 3 229.254 7 405.774 3 37
38 6.385 48 0.156 6 1 107.709 5 1 6.867 9 235.205 7 422.642 l 38
39 6.704 75 0.149 1 5 1 14.095 O 1 7.017 O 241 .022 4 439.659 2 39 S(ID)
40 7.039 99 0.142 05 120.799 8 1 7 . 1 59 1 246.704 3 456.8 1 8 3 40

41 7.391 99, 0.135 28 127.839 8 1 7.294 4 252.250 8 474. 1 12 6 41

42 7.761 59 0.128 84 135.23 1 8 17.423 2 257.662 1 491 .535 8 42
43 8. 149 67 0.122 70 142.993 3 1 7.545 9 262.938 4 509.081 8 43
44 8.557 1 5 0. 1 1 6 86 1 5 1 . 143 O 1 7.662 8 268.080 3 526.744 5 44
45 8.985 0 1 0.1 1 1 30 159.700 2 1 7.774 1 273.088 6 544.5 1 8 6 45 Pension
46 9.434 26 0.106 00 168.685 2 1 7.880 1 277.964 5 562.398 7 46 Scheme
47 9.905 97 0. 1 00 95 178. 1 1 9 4" 1 7.98 1 0 282.709 l 580.379 7 47
48 1 0.40 1 27 0.096 1 4 1 88.025 4 1 8.077 2 287.323 9 598.456 8 48
49 1 0.92 1 33 0.09 1 56 198.426 7 1 8. 1 68 7 29 1 .8 1 0 5 6 1 6.625 6 49
50 I l .467 40 0.087 20 209.348 O 1 8.255 9 296. 1 70 7 634.881 5 50

60 1 8.679 1 9 0.053 54 353.583 7 18.929 3 333.272 5 82 1 .4 1 4 2 60 Time

70 30.426 43 0.032 87 588.528 5 1 9.342 7 360 . 1 83 6 1 0 13. 146 5 70
80 49.561 44 0.020 1 8 971 .228 8 1 9.596 5 379.242 5 1 208.070 8 80 Series
90 80.730 37 0.0 1 2 39 1 594.607 3 1 9.752 3 392.501 1 1 404.954 8 90
1 00 1 3 1 .501 26 0.007 60 2 6 1 0.025 2 1 9.847 9 40 1 .597 1 1 603.041 8 100

57
Statistica l
 Compound Interest
6% 11 (l + i)" (la);;] (Da);;] Il

i 0.060 000 l 1 .060 00 0.943 40 1 .000 O 0.943 4 0.943 4 0.943 4 1

i (2) 0.059 126 2 1 . 123 60 0.890 00 2.060 O 1 .833 4 2.723 4 2.776 8 2
3 1 . 1 9 1 02 0.839 62 3 . 1 83 6 2.673 O 5.242 2 5.449 8 3
i(4) 0.058 695 4 1 .262 48 0.792 09 4.374 6 3.465 l 8.41 0 6 8.91 4 1) 4
/ 1 2) 0.058 4 1 1 5 1 .338 23 0.747 26 5.637 1 4.2 1 2 4 12. 146 9 13.127 3 5
6 1 .4 1 8 52 0.704 96 6.975 3 4.91 7 3 1 6.376 7 1 8.044 6 6
o 0.058 269 7 1 .503 63 0.665 06 8.393 8 5.582 4 2 1 .032 l 23.627 O 7
8 1 .593 85 0.627 4 1 9.897 5 6.209 8 26.05 1 4 29.836 8 8
(l + i) 1/2 1 .029 563 9 1 .689 48 0.591 90 1 1 .491 3 6.801 7 3 1 .378 5 36.638 5 9
lO 1 .790 85 0.558 39 13.180 8 7.360 1 36.962 4 43.998 5 lO
(1 + i) 1/4 1 .014 674
Il 1 .898 30 0.526 79 i4.97 1 6 7.886 9 42.757 1 5 1 .885 4 Il
(1 + i) 1 /1 2 1 .004 868 12 2.012 20 0.496 97 16.869 9 8.383 8 48.720 7 60.269 3 12
13 2.132 93 0.468 84 1 8.882 l 8.852 7 54.8 1 5 6 69.122 O 13
v 0.943 396 14 2.260 90 0.442 30 2 1 .015 l c--'U25_0- . 6 1 .007 8 78.416 9 14
15 2.396 56 0.41 7 27 23.276 O 9.7 1 2 2 67.266 8 88. 129 2 15
1'1/2 0.971 286
16 2.540 35 0.393 65 25.672 5 10. 1 05 9 73.565 l 98.235 l 16
1'1/4 0.985 538 28.212 9 10.477 3 79.878 3 108.7 1 2 3 17
17 2.692 77 0.37 1 36
1'1/1 2 0.995 156 18 2.854 34 0.350 34 30.905 7 10.827 6 86. 1 84 5 1 19.539 9 18
19 3.025 60 0.330 5 1 33.760 O 1 1 . 1 58 1 92.464 3 130.698 l 19
d 0.056 604 20 3.207 14 0.3 1 1 80 36 ..785 6 1T.469 9 98.700 4 142.168 O 20
d(2) 0.057 428 21 3.399 56 0.294 1 6 39.992 7 1 1 .764 1 104.877 6 1 53.932 l 21
d(4) 0.057 847 22 3.603 54 0.277 5 1 43.392 3 12.041 6 1 10.982 7 165.973 6 22
23 3.8 1 9 75 0.26 1 80 46.995 8 12.303 4 1 17.004 1 178.277 O 23
d(1 2) 0.058 1 28 24 4.048 93 0.246 98 50.815 6 12.550 4 122.931 6 190.827 4 24
25 4.291 87 0.233 00 54.864 5 12.783 4 128.756 5 203.610 7 25
. i l P) 1 .014 782 26 4.549 38 0.2 1 9 8 1 59. 156 4 13.003 2 134.471 6 2 1 6.613 9 26
il i(4) 1 .022 227 27 4.822 35 0.207 37 . 63.705 8 13.21 0 5 140.070 5 229.824 4 27
28 5. 1 1 1 69 0. 1 95 63 68.528 1 1 3.406 2 145.548 2 243.230 6 28
i U( l 2) 1 .027 2 1 1 29 5.4 1 8 39 0. 1 84 56 73.639 8 13.590 7 1 50.900 3 256.82 1 3 29
30 5.743 49 0. 1 74 1 1 79.058 2 1 3.764 8 1 56.123 6 270.586 l 30
i lo 1 .029 709
31 6.088 l O 0. 1 64 25 84.80 1 7 1 3.929 l 1 6 1 .2 1 5 5 284.5 1 5 2 31
32 6.453 39 0. 1 54 96 90.889 8 14.084 O 166.1 74 2 298.599 3 32
i l d (2) 1 .044 782 33 6.840 59 0. 1 46 1 9 97.343 2 14.230 2 1 70.998 3 3 1 2.829 5 33
i l d (4) 1 .037 227 34 7.25 1 03 0.137 9 1 104. 1 83 8 14.368 1 175.687 3 327.197 6 34
35 7.686 09 0.130 I l 1 1 1 .434 8 14.498 2 1 80.24 1 0 341.695 9 35
i l d(l 2) 1 .032 2 1 1
36 8.147 26 0. 122 74 1 19. 120 9 14.621 O 1 84.659 6 356.3 1 6 9 36
37 8.636 09 0.1 1 5 79 127.268 1 14.736 8 1 88.944 O 371 .053 7 37
38 9. 1 54 25 0. 1 09 24 135.904 2 14.846 O 1 93.095 1 385.899 7 38
39 9.703 5 1 0. 1 03 06 145.058 5 14.949 l 197. 1 1 4 2 400.848 8 39
SV\ 40 1 0.285 72 0.097 22 1 54.762 O 1 5.046 3 201 .003 l
204.763 6
4 15.895 l
43 1 .033 l
40
41
41 10.902 86 0.09 1 72 1 65.047 7 15.138 O
42 1 1 .557 03 0.086 53 175.950 5 1 5.224 5 208.397 8 446.257 6 42
43 12.250 45 0.08 1 63 1 87.507 6 1 5.306 2 2 1 1 .907 8 461 .563 8 43
44 1 2.985 48 0.077 0 1 199.758 O 15.383 2 2 1 5.296 2 476.947 O 44
45 1 3.764 6 1 0.072 65 2 12.743 5 15.455 8 2 18.565 5 492.402 8 45
46 14.590 49 0.068 54 226.508 1 15.524 4 221 .71 8 2 507.927 2 46
47 15.465 92 0.064 66 241.098 6 15.589 O 224.757 2 523.51 6 2 47
48 1 6.393 87 0.061 00 256.564 5 15.650 O 227.685 l 539. 166 2 48
49 1 7.377 50 0.057 55 272.958 4 1 5.707 6 230.504 8 554.873 8 49
50 18.420 1 5 0.054 29 290.335 9 15.76 1 9 233.2 1 9 2 570.635 7 50
60 32.987 69 0.030 3 1 533. 128 2 1 6 . 16 1 4 255.204 2 730.642 9 60
70 59.075 93 0.01 6 93 967.932 2 1 6.384 5 269.7 1 1 7 893.590 9 70
80 1 05.795 99 0.009 45 l 746.599 9 1 6.509 1 279.058 4 1 058. 1 8 1 2 80
90 1 89.464 5 1 0.005 28 3 1 4 1.075 2 1 6.578 7 284.973 3 l 223.688 3 90
1 00 339.302 08 0.002 95 5 638.368 1 1 6.6 1 7 5 288.664 6 1 389.707 6 100

58
 Compound Interest
11 (l + iY' l'" (Da);;] 11 7%
1 1 .070 00 0.934 58 1 .000 O 0.934 6 0.934 6 0.934 6 1 i 0.070 000
2 U44 90 0.873 44 2.070 O 1.808 O 2.681 5 2.742 6 2 P) 0.068 8 1 6
3 1 .225 04 0.81 6 30 3.214 9 2.624 3 5.130 4 5.366 9 3
4 1 .3 1 0 80 0.762 90 4.439 9 3.387 2 8. 1 8 1 9 8.754 1 4 i(4 ) 0.068 234
5 1 .402 55 0.7 1 2 99 5.750 7 4. 100 2 1 1 .746 9 12.854 3 5 i ((2) 0.067 850
ELT15
6 1.500 73 0.666 34 7. 1 53 3 4.766 5 1 5.744 9 1 7.620 9 6
7 1 .605 'l8 0.622 75 8.654 O 5.389 3 20. 1 04 2 23.01 0 2 7 o 0.067 659
'_ 8 1.71 8 19 0.582 01 10.259 8 5.97 1 3 24.760 2 28.98 1 4 8
9 1 .838 46 0.543 93 1 1 .978 O 6.5 1 5 2 29.655 6 35.496 7 9 (l + i) 1/2 1 .034 408
lO 1 .967 15 0.508 35 13.8 1 6 4 7.023 6 34.739 1 42.520 3 lO
-
(1 + i) 1/4 1 . 0 1 7 059
11 2 . 1 04 85 0.475 09 1 5.783 6 7.498 7 39.965 2 50.0 1 8 9 Il AM92
12 2.252 19 0.444 0 1 1 7.888 5 7.942 7 45.293 3 57.96 1 6 12 (1 + i) 1 1 l 2 1 .005 654
13 2.409 85 0.414 96 20.140 6 - 8.357 7 50.687 8 66.3 1 9 3 13
l'
14 2.578 53 0.387 82 \ 22.550 5 -8 .745 5 56. 1 17 3 75.064 7 14 0.934 579
1J 2.759 03 0.362 45 25. 129 O 9.107 9 6 1 .554 O 84.172 7 15
1'1/2 0.966 736
16 2.952 1 6 0.338 73 27.888 1 9.446 6 66.973 7 93.619 3 16 1' 1/4 0.983 228
17 3.158 82 0.3 1 6 57 30.840 2 9.763 2 72.355 5 103.382 5 17 PMA92
18 3.379 93 0.295 86 33.999 O 10.059 1 77.68 1 0 1 13.441 6 18 1'1/1 2 0.994 378
19 3.61 6 53 0.276 5 1 37.379 O 1 0.335 6 82.934 7 123.777 2 19 PFA92
20 3.869 68 0.258 42 40.995 5 1 0.594 O 88.1 03 1 134.37 1 2 20 d 0.065 421
21 4. 140 56 0.24 1 5 1 44.865 2 1 0.835 5 93. 1 74 8 145.206 8 21 d(2) 0.066 527
22 4.430 40 0.225 7 1 49.005 7 1 1 .061 2 98. 1 40 5 156.268 O 22 d(4) 0.067 090
23 4.740 53 0.2 1 0 95 53.436 1 1 1.272 2 102.992 3 1 67.540 2 23
24 5.072 37 0.197 1 5 58. 1 76 7 1 1.469 3 107.723 8 179.009 5 24 d( 1 2) 0.067 468 International
25 5.427 43 0 . 1 84 25 63.249 O 1 1 .653 6 1 12.330 1 190.663 1 25 Actuarial
68.676 5 1 1 .825 8 1 16.807 1 202.488 9 26 il P) 1.017 204 Notation
26 5.807 35 0.172 20
27 6.2 1 3 87 0.160 93 74.483 8 1 1 .986 7 1 2 1 . 152 3 2 14.475 6 27 i / i(4) 1 .025 880
28 6.648 84 0. 1 50 40 80.697 7 12.137 1 125.363 5 226.612 7 28
238.890 4 29 i l i (1 2) 1 .03 1 691
29 7.1 14 26 0.140 56 87.346 5 12.277 7 129.439 9
30 7.612 26 0.13 1 37 94.460 8 1 2.409 O 133.380 9 251 .299 4 30
i/ 0 1 .034 605
31 8.145 1 1 0. 122 77 102.073 O 12.53 1 8 137. 1 86 8 263.83 1 2 , 3 1
32 8.7 1 5 27 0.1 14 74 1 10.2 1 8 2 1 2.646 6 140.858 5 276.477 8 32 S(MU)
9.325 34 0, 1 07 23 1 1 8.933 4 12.753 8 144.397 3 289.23 1 6 33 i l d(2) 1 .052 204
33
34 9.978 I l 0. 1 00 22 128.258 8 1 2.854 O 147,804 7 302.085 6 34 il d (4) 1 .043 380
35 1 0.676 58 0.093 66 138.236 9 1 2.947 7 1 5 1.082 9 3 1 5.033 3 35
il d (1 2) 1 .037 525
36 1 1 .423 94 0.087 54 148.91 3 5 1 3.035 2 1 54,234 2 328.068 5 36
37 12.223 62 0,081 8 1 1 60.337 4 1 3. 1 17 O 1 57.26 1 2 341.185 5 37
38 13.079 27 0.076 46 1 72.56 1 0 13. 193 5 1 60, 1 66 5 354.379 O . 38
39 13.994 82 0.071 46 1 85.640 3 1 3.264 9 1 62.953 3 367.643 9 39 S(ID)
40 14.97446 0.066 78 199.635 1 13.33 1 7 165.624 5 380.975 6 40
41 1 6.022 67 0.062 4 1 2 1 4.609 6 13.394 1 1 68. 1 83 3 394.369 7 41
42 1 7.144 26 0,058 33 230.632 2 13.452 4 1 70,633 1 407.822 2 42
43 1 8.344 35 0.054 5 1 247.776 5 1 3.507 O 1 72.977 2 421.329 1 43
44 19.628 46 0.050 95 266. 120 9 13,557 9 1 75.218 8 434.887 O 44
45 2 1 .002 45 0.047 6 1 285,749 3 1 3 ,605 5 1 77.361 4 448.492 5 45 Pension
46 22.472 62 0.044 50 306.751 8 13,650 O 1 79.408 4 462. 142 6 46 Scheme
47 24.045 7 1 0.04 1 59 329,224 4 1 3.691 6 1 8 1 .363 O 475.834 2 47
48 25.728 9 1 0.038 87 353.270 1 1 3.730 5 1 83.228 6 489.564 7 48
49 27.529 93 0.036 32 378,999 O 1 3,766 8 1 85.008 5 503.33 1 4 49
50 29.457 03 0,033 95 406.528 9 1 3.800 7 1 86.705 9 5 1 7.132 2 50
60 57,946 43 0.0 1 7 26 8 1 3.520 4 14.039 2 199,806 9 656.583 1 60 Time
70 1 13.989 39 0,008 77 1 614. 1 34 2 14.160 4 207.678 9 797:708 7 70
80 224,234 39 0,004 46 3 1 89.062 7 14.222 O 2 12.296 8 939.685 6 80 Series
90 441 . 102 98 0,002 27 6 287. 1 85 4 14.253 3 2 1 4.957 5 1 082,095 3 90
1 00 867.7 1 6 33 0,00 1 1 5 1 2 381.661 8 1 4.269 3 2 1 6.469 3 1 224.725 O 100

59
Stlltlstical
 Compound Interest
8% 11 (l + i)11 1'11 (la)1il (Da)1il n

i 0.080 000 I 1 .080 00 0.925 93 1.000 O 0.925 9 0.925 9 0.925 9 l

P) 0.078 461 2 1. 166 40 0.857 34 2.080. 0 1 .783 3 2.640 6 2.709 2 2
3 1.259 7 1 0.793 83 3.246 4 2.577 1 5.022 l 5.286 3 3
i(4) 0.077 706 4 1:360 49 0.735 03 4.506 I 3.3fT! - 7.962 2 8.598 4 4
i( 1 2 ) 0.077 208 5 1 .469 33 0.680 58 5.866 6 3.992 7 1 1.365 I 12.591 l 5
-

6 1 .586 87 0.630 17 7.335 9 4.622 9 15. 146 2 1 7.214 O 6

o 0.076 961 7 1 .713 82 0.583 49 8.922 8 5.206 4 19.230 6 22.420 4 7
8 1 .850 93 0.540 27 10.636 6 5.746 6 23.552 7 28.1 67 O 8
( l + i) 1/2 1.039 230 9 1 .999 00 0.500 25 12.487 6 6.246 9 28.055 O 34.413 9 9
lO 2.158 92 0.463 1 9 14.486 6 6.71 0 I 32.686 9 4 1 . 124 O IO
-- -
( l + i) 1/4 1.019 427
-

II 2.33 1 64 0.428 88 16.645 5 7.139 O 37.404 6 48.262 9 II

( l + i)1 1 I 2 1 .006 434 12 2.51 8 1 7 0.397 1 1 18.977 l 7.536 l 42. 1 70 O 55.799 O 12
13 2.719 62 0.367 70 2 1.495 3 7.903 8 46.950 I 63.702 8 13
v 0.925 926 14 2.937 1 9 0.340 46 24.2 14 9 8.244 2 5 1 .7 1 6 5 71 .947 0 14
15 3 . 1 72 1 7 0.3 1 5 24 27. 152 l 8.559 5 56.445 l 80.506 5 15
1'1/2 0.962 250
16 3.425 94 0.29 1 89 30.324 3 8.85 1 4 61.1 1 5 4 89.357 9 16
1' 1/4 0.980 944 9.121 6 65.7 1 0 O 98.479 5 17
17 3.700 02 0.270 27 33.750 2
1'1/1 2 0.993 607 18 3.996 02 0.250 25 37.450 2 9.371 9 70.2 1 4 4 107.85 1 4 18
19 4.3 1 5 70 0.23 1 7 1 4 1 .446 3 9.603 6 74.617 O 1 17.455 0 19
d 0.074 074 20 4.660 96 0.214 55 45.762 O 9.8 1 8 l 78.907 9 127.273 2 20
�- ---

d(2 ) 0.075 499 21 5.033 83 0.198 66 50.422 9 1 0.016 8 83.079 7 137.290 O 21

d(4) 0.076 225 22 5.436 54 0.183 94 55.456 8 10.200 7 87. 126 4 147.490 7 22
23 5.871 46 0 . 1 70 32 60.893 3 10.37 1 1 9 1 .043 7 157.861 8 23
d(l2) 0.076 715 24 6.341 18 0.157 70 66.764 8 10.528 8 94.828 4 168.390 5 24
25 6.848 48 0. 146 02 73. 1 05 9 10.674 8 98.478 9 1 79.065 3 25
i / i(2) 1 .019 6 1 5 26 7.396 35 0.135 20 79.954 4 10.810 O 1 0 1 .994 l 1 89.875 3 26
i / i(4) 1.029 519 27 7.988 06 0.125 1 9 87.350 8 10.935 2 105.374 2 200.8 1 0 4 27
28 8.627 I I 0. 1 15 91 95.338 8 1 1.05 1 l 1 08.6 1 9 8 2 1 1 .861 5 28
i I i(l 2) 1 .036 157 29 9.3 1 7 27 0.107 33 103.965 9 1 1 .158 4 1 1 1.732 3 223.019 9 29
30 1 0.062 66 0.099 38 1 13.283 2 1 1 .257 8 1 14.7 1 3 6 234.277 7 30
ilo 1 .039 487
31 10.867 67 0.092 02 123.345 9 1 1 .349 8 1 1 7.566 1 245.627 5 31
32 1 1 .737 08 0.085 20 134.21 3 5 1 1 .435 O 120.292 5 257.062 5 32
il d(2) 1 .059 6 1 5 33 . 12.676 05 0.078 89 145.950 6 1 1 .513 9 122.895 8 268.576 4 33
i l d(4) 1 .049 519 34 1 3.690 1 3 0.073 05 158.626 7 1 1.586 9 125.379 3 280.163 3 34
35 14.785 34 0.067 63 172.3 16 8 1 1 .654 6 127.746 6 291.817 9 35
i l d(1 2) 1.042 824
36 1 5.968 17 0.062 62 187. 101 1 1 1.71 7 2 130.00 1 0 303.535 l 36
37 1 7.245 63 0.057 99 203.070 3 1 1.775 2 132. 146 5 3 15.3 1 0 3 37
38 18.625 28 0.053 69 220.3 1 5 9 1 1.828 9 134. 186 8 327.139 l 38
39 20. 1 1 5 30 0.049 7 1 238.94 1 2 1 1.878 6 136. 125 6 339.017 7 39
40 2 1 .724 52 0.046 03 259.056 5 1 1 .924 6 137.966 8 350.942 3 40
41 23.462 48 0.042 62 280.781 O 1 1 .967 2 139.714 3 362.909 6 41
42 25.339 48 0.039 46 304.243 5 12.006 7 141.37 1 8 374.916 3 42
43 27.366 64 0.036 54 329.583 O 12.043 2 142.943 O 386.959 5 43
44 29.555 97 0.033 83 356.949 6 12.077 l 144.43 1 7 399.036 6 44
45 3 1 .920 45 0.03 1 33 386.505 6 12. 108 4 145.84 1 5 4 1 1. 145 O 45
46 34.474 09 0.029 0 1 418.426 I 1 2. 137 4 147. 175 8 423.282 4 46
47 37.232 0 1 0.026 86 452.900 2 12.164 3 148.438 2 435.446 7 47
48 40.210 57 0.024 87 490. 132 2 12.189 l 149.63 1 9 447.635 8 48
49 43.427 42 0.023 03 530.342 7 12.212 2 1 50.760 2 459.848 O 49
50 46.901 61 0.02 1 32 573.770 2 12.233 5 1 5 1 .826 3 472.08 1 4 50
60 101 .257 06 0.009 88 l 253.213 3 12.376 6 159.676 6 595.293 l 60
70 218.606 4 1 0.004 57 2 720.080 I 12.442 8 163.975 4 7 19.464 8 70
80 471 .954 83 0.002 1 2 5 886.935 4 12.473 5 166.273 6 844.08 1 l 80
90 I 0 18.915 09 0.000 98 12 723.938 6 12.487 7 167.480 3 968.903 3 90
100 2 199.761 26 0.000 45 27 484.5 1 5 7 12.494 3 168. 105 0 I 093.821 O 100

60
 Compound Interest
Il (1 + "n" l'" (la);;] (Da);;] Il 9%
1 .090 00 0.9 1 7 43 1.000 O 0.91 7-4 0.917 4 0.9 1 7 4 1 i 0.090 000
, J2 1 .188 l O 0.841 68 2.090 O 1 .759 1 2.600 8 2.676 5 2 i(2) 0.088 061
3 1 .295 03 0.772 1 8 3.278 1 2.53 1 3 4.91 7 3 5.207 8 3
4 1 .41 1 58 0.708 43 4.573 1 3.239 7 7.75 1 0 8.447 6 4 i(4) 0.087 1 13
5 1 .538 62 0.649 93 5.984 7 3.889 7 1 1 .000 7 12.337 2 5 i(12) 0.086 488
ELT15
6 1 .677 l O 0.596 27 7.523 3 4.48$ 9 14.578 3 16.823 1 6
7 1 .828 04 0.547 03 9.200 4 5.033 O 1 8.407 5 2 1 .856 1 7 o 0.086 1 78
8 1 .992 56 0.501 87 1 1 .028 5 5.534 8 - 22.422 5 27.390 9 8
9 2 . 1 7 1 89 0.460 43 13.02 1 0 5.995 2 26.566 3 33.386 l 9 (1 + i) 1/2 1 .044 03 1
lO 2.367 36 0.422 41 1 5 .1 92 9 6.41 7 7 30.790 4 39.803 8 lO
(1 + i) 1/4 1 .02 1 778
11 2.580 43 0.387 53 1 7.560 3 6.805 2 35.053 3 46.609 O Il AM92
12 2.8 1 2 66 0.355 53 20A40 7 7. 160 7 39.3 1 9 7 53.769 7 12 (1 + i) 1 /1 2 1 .007 207
13 3.065 80 0.326 18 22.953 4 7.486 9 43.560 O 6 1 .256 6 13
l'
14 3.341 73 0:299 25 26.019 2 7.786 2 47.749 5 69.042 8 14 0.91 7 43 1
15 3.642 48 0,274 54 29.360 9 8.060 7 5 1 .867 6 77.103 5 15
�
1'1/2 0.957 826
16 3.970 3 1 0.25 1 87 33.003 4 8.3 1 2 6 55.897 5 85.416 0 16 1'1/4 0.978 686
17 4.327 63 0.23 1 07 36.973 7 8.543 6 59.825 7 93.959 7 17 PMA92
18 4.7 1 7 12 0.21 1 99 4 1 .301 3 8.755 6 63.641 6 102.715 3 18 1' 1/12 0.992 844
19 5. 141 66 0. 194 49 46.0 18 5 8.950 1 67.336 9 1 1 1.665 4 19 PFA92
20 5.604 41 0. 178 43 5 l . l60 1 9.128 5 70.905 5 120.793 9 20 d 0.082 569
21 6.108 8 1 0. 163 70 56.764 5 9.292 2 74.343 2 130.086 2 21 d( 2) 0.084 347
22 6.658 60 0.150 18 62.873 3 9.442 4 77.647 2 139.528 6 22 d(4) 0.085 256
23 7.257 87 0.137 78 69.53 1 9 9.580 2 80.8 16 2 149. 108 8 23
24 7.91 1 08 0. 126 40 76.789 8 9.706 6 83.849 9 158.8 1 5 4 24 d(1 2) 0.085 869 International
25 8.623 08 0. 1 15 97 84.700 9 9.822 6 86.749 1 1 68.638 O 25 Actuarlal
26 9.399 16 0. 106 39 93.324 O 9.929 O 89.515 3 1 78.567 O 26 i / ;(2) 1 .022 015 Notation
27 1 10.245 08 0.097 61 102.723 1 10.026 6 92.1 50 7 1 88.593 6 27 i / i(4) 1 .033 144
28 1 1 . 167 14 0.089 55 1 12.968 2 1 0. 1 1 6 l 94.658 O 1 98.709 7 28
29 12. 172 18 0.082 15 124. 135 4 1 0. 198 3 97.040 5 208.908 O 29 i / i(l2) 1 .040 608
30 13.267 68 0.075 37 136.307 5 10.273 7 99.301 7 2 1 9. 1 8 1 6 30
ilo 1 .044 354
31 14.461 77 0.069 1 5 149.575 2 10.342 8 1 0 1.445 2 229.524 4 31
32 1 5.763 33 0.063 44 164.037 O 10.406 2 103.475 3 239.930 7 32 - 2 S(MU)
33 1 7. 182 03 0.058 20 179.800 3 10.464 4 105.395 9 250.395 1 33 ild( ) 1 .067 0 1 5
34 1 8.728 4 1 0.053 39 1 96.982 3 1 0.5 1 7 8 107.2 1 1 3 260.9 12 9 34 i/ d(4) 1 .055 644
35 20.413 97 0.048 99 2 1 5.710 8 10.566 8 108.925 8 271.479 8 35
i/d( 12) 1 .048 108
36 22.25 1 23. 0.044 94 236.124 7 1 0.6 1 1 8 1 1 0.543 7 282.091 5 36
37 24.253 84· 0.041 23 258.375 9 1 0.653 O 1 12.069 2 292.744 5 37
38 26.436 68 0.037 83 282.629 8 1 0.690 8 1 1 3.506 6 303.435 3 38
39 28.8 15 98 0.034 70 309.066 5 10.725 5 1 14.860 O 3 14.160 9 39 S(ID)
40 3 1 .409 42 0.03 1 84 337.882 4 1 0.757 4 1 1 6. 133 5 324.9 1 8 2 40
41 34.236 27 0.029 21 369.291 9 10.786 6 1 17.33 1 1 335.704 8 41
42 37.3 1 7 53 0.026 80 403.528 1 10.813 4 1 1 8.456 6 346.5 1 8 2 42
43 40.676 I l 0.024 58 440.845 7 1 0.838 O 1 19.5 13 7 357.356 1 43
44 44.336 96 0.02�j5 48 1 .521 8 10.860 5 120.506 1 368.2 1 6 6 44
45 48.327 29 0.020 69 525.858 7 10.88 1 2 1 2 1 .437 3 379.097 8 45 "-eusion
46 52.676 74 0.0 1 8 98 574.186 O 10.900 2 122.3 1 0 5 389.998 O 46 Scheme
47 57.417 65 0.017 42 626.862 8 1 0.91 7 6 123. 129 l 400.91 5 6 47
48 62.585 24 0.0 1 5 98 684.280 4 10.933 6 123.896 O 41 1.849 2 48
49 68.2 1 7 91 0.014 66 746.865 6 10.948 2 124.614 3 422.797 4 49
50 74.357 52 0.013 45 8 1 5.083 6 10.961 7 125.286 7 433.759 1 50
60 176.03 1 29 0.005 68 1 944.792 l 1 1 .048 O 130.01 6 2 543.91 1 2 60
70 416.730 09 0.002 40 4 6 19.223 2 1 1 .084 4 132.378 6 654.61 7 2 70 Tlme
80 986.55 1 67 0.00 1 0 1 l O 950.574 l 1 1.099 8 133.530 5 765.557 2 80 Series
90 2 335.526 58 0.000 43 25 939.184 2 1 1 . 106 4 134.082 1 876.596 1 90
100 5 529.040 79 0.000 18 61 422.675 5 1 l . l09 1 134.342 6 987.676 6 100

61
Stìlti�tl"!ll
 Compound Interest
10% n (l + i)" v
"
(la);;]
i 0.100 000 l 1 . 100 00 0.909 09 1.000 O 0.909 l 0.909 1 0.909 1 1
i( 2 ) 0.097 618 2 1.210 00 0.826 45 2. 100 O 1 .735 5 2.562 O 2.644 6 2
3 1 .331 00 0.75 1 3 1 3.3 1 0 O 2.486 9 4.8 1 5 9 5.131 5 3
/4 ) 0.096 455 4 1 .464 l O 0.683 01 4.641 0 3.169 9 7.548 O 8.30 1 3 4
i (1 2) 0.095 690 5 1.610 5 1 0.620 92 6. 105 1 3.790 8 10.652 6 12.092 l 5
6 1 .771 56 0.564 47 7.715 6 j.,355 3 14.039 4 16.447 4 6
lì 0.095 310 7 1.948 72 0.5 1 3 1 6 9.487 2 4.868 4 17.63 1 5 21.3 1 5 8 7
8 2.143 59 0.466 5 1 1 1.435 9 5.334 9 21 .363 6 26.650 7 8
(1 + i) 1/2 1 .048 809 9 2.357 95 0.424 l O 13.579 5 5.759 O 25. 180 5 32.409 8 9
lO 2.593 74 0.385 54 15.937 4 6.144 6 29.035 9 38.554 3 lO
(1 + i) 1/4 1.024 1 14
Il 2.853 12 0.350 49 1 8.53 1 2 6.495 l 32.891 3 45.049 4 11
( l + i) 1 1 l 2 1 .007 974 12 3.138 43 0.3 1 8 63 2 1.384 3 6.813 7 36.7 1 4 9 5 1 .863 1 12
13 3.452 27 0.289 66 24.522 7 7.103 4 40.480 5 58.966 4 13
v 0.909 091 14 3.797 50 0.263 33 27.975 O 7.366 7 44. 167 2 66.333 l 14
15 4.177 25 0.239 39 31 .772 5 7.606 1 47.758 1 73.939 2 15
1'1/2 0.953 463
1'1/4 0.976 454 16 4.594 97 0.2 1 7 63 35.949 7 7.823 7 5 1 .240 1 81 .762 9 16
17 5.05447 0.197 84 40.544 7 8.02 1 6 54,603 5 89.784 5 17
. 1' 1/1 2 0.992 089 45.599 2 8.201 4 57.841 0 97.985 9 18
18 5.559 92 0.179 86
19 6.1 1 5 9 1 0. 163 5 1 5 1 . 159 l 8.364 9 60.947 6 106.350 8 19
d 0.090 909 20 6.727 50 0.148 64 57.275 O 8.5 13 6 63.920 5 1 14.864 4 20
.d (2 ) 0.093 075 21 7.400 25 0.135 13 64.002 5 8.648 7 66.758 2 123.513 1 21
d(4 ) 0.094 1 84 22 8.140 27 0.122 85 71 .402 7 8.77 1 5 69.460 8 132.284 6 22
23 8.954 30 0. 1 1 1 68 79.543 O 8.883 2 72.029 4 141. 167 8 23
d ( 12) 0.094 933 24 9.849 73 0.101 53 88.497 3 8.984 7 74.466 O 150.152 6 24
25 10.834 7 1 0.092 30 98.347 1 9.077 O 76.773 4 1 59.229 6 25
i / ll) 1 .024 404 26 1 1 .91 8 1 8 0.083 9 1 109.181 8 9. 1 60 9 78.955 O 168.390 5 26
i / /4) 1.036 756 27 13. 109 99 0.076 28 121.099 9 9.237 2 8 1 .014 5 177.627 8 27
28 14.420 99 0.069 34 134.209 9 9.306 6 82.956 1 186.934 3 28
i l 1 (1 2 ) 1 .045 045 29 1 5.863 09 0.063 04 148.630 9 9.369 6 84.784 2 196.303 9 29
30 1 7.449 40 0.057 3 1 164.494 O 9.426 9 86.503 5 205.730 9 30
i l lì 1 .049 206
31 1 9.194 34 0.052 l O 181.943 4 9.479 O 88.1 18 6 2 15.209 9 31
32 2 1 . 1 1 3 78 0.047 36 20 1 . 137 8 9.526 4 89.634 2 224.736 2 32
i l d( 2 ) 1 .074 404 33 23.225 1 5 0.043 06 222.25 1 5 9:569 4 9 1 .055 O 234.305 7 33
il d(4 ) 1.061 756 34 25.547 67 0.039 1 4 245.476 7 9.608 6 92.385 9 243.914 3 34 . ;

35 28.102 44 0.035 58 271 .024 4 9.644 2 93.63 1 3 253.558 4 35

il d(1 2 ) 1.053 378
36 30.912 68 0.032 35 299.126 8 9.676 5 94.795 9 263.234 9 36
37 34.003 95 0.029 4 1 330.039 5 9.705 9 95.884 O 272.940 8 37
38 37.404 34 0.026 73 364.043 4 9.732 7 96.899 9 282.673 5 38
39 4 1 . 144 78 0.024 30 401 .447 8 9.757 O 97.847 8 292.430 4 39
40 45.259 26 0.022 09 442.592 6 9.779 l 98.73 1 6 302.209 5 40
41 49.785 1 8 0.020 09 487.85 1 8 9.799 1 99.555 1 3 12.008 6 41
42 54.763 70 0.018 26 537.637 O 9.8 1 7 4 1 00.322 l 321 .826 O 42
43 60.240 07 0.016 60 592.400 7 9.834 O 101 .035 9 331 .660 O 43
44 66.264 08 0.015 09 652.640 8 9.849 1 101.699 9 341 .509 l 44
45 72.890 48 0.01 3 72 718.904 8 9.862 8 102.3 1 7 2 3 5 1 .371 9 45
46 80. 179 53 0.012 47 791 .795 3 9.875 3 102.891 O 361.247 2 46
47 88. 197 49 0.0 1 1 34 871.974 9 9.886 6 103.423 8 371. 133 8 47
48 97.017 23 0.01 0 3 1 960.172 3 9.896 9 1 03.918 6 381 .030 7 48
49 106.718 96 0.009 37 1 057. 189 6 9.906 3 104.377 8 390.937 O 49
50 1 1 7.390 85 0.008 52 l 163.908 5 9.914 8 1 04.803 7 400.85 1 9 50
60 304.48 1 64 0.003 28 3 034.8 16 4 9.967 2 1 07.668 2 500.328 4 60
70 789.746 96 0.00 1 27 7 887.469 6 9.987 3 1 08.974 4 600.126 6 70
80 2 048.400 2 1 0.000 49 20 474.002 1 9.995'1 1 09.555 8 700.048 8 80
90 5 3 13.022 6 1 0.000 19 53 120.226 1 9.998 1 1 09.809 9 800.018 8 90
100 13 780.612 34 0.000 07 13 7 796. 123 4 9.999 3 109.919 5 900.007 3 1 00

62
 Compound_ Interest
.
11
(1 +1)11 (la);;] (Da);;] Il 12%
1 1 . 120 00 0.892 86 1.000 O 0.892 9 0.892 9 0.892 9 1 i 0.120 000
2 1 .254 40 0.797 19 2.120 O 1 .690 l 2,487 2 2.582 9 2 im 0 . 1 1 6 601
3 1,404 93 0.7 1 1 78 3.374 4 2,401 8 4.622 6 4.984 7 3
4 1 .573 52 0.635 52 4.779 3 3.037 3 7.164 7 8.022 l 4 i(4) 0. 1 14 949
5 1 .762 34 0.567 43 6.352 8 3.604 8 1 0.001 8 1 1 .626 9 5 i( 12 ) 0. 1 13 866
ELT15
6 1 .973 82 0.506 63 8.115 2 4.1 1 1 4 13.041 6 15.738 3 6
7 2.210 68 0,452 35 1 0.089 O 4.563 8 16.208 O 20.302 O 7 lì 0. 1 13 329
8 2,475 96 0,403 88 12.299 7 4.967 6 19,439 l 25.269 7 8
9 2.773 08 0.360 6 1 14.775 7 5.328 2 22.684 6 30.597 9 9 (l + i) 1/2 . 1 .058 301
lO 3 . 1 05 85 0.32 1 97 17.548 7 5.650 2 25.904 3 36.248 l lO
(l + i) 1/4 1 .028 737
Il 3,478 55 0.287 48 20.654 6 5.937 7 29.066 5 42. 1 85 8 Il AM92
12 3.895 98 0.256 68 , 24.133 l 6.194 4 32.146 7 48.380 2 12 (l + i)1I12 1 .009 489
13 4.363 49 0.229 17 28.029 l 6,423 5 35.125 9 54.803 8 13
14 4.887 I l 0.204 62 32.392 6 6.628 2 37.990 6 6 1 .43 1 9 14 "
1 's
0.892 857
5,473' 57 0. 1 82 70 37.279 7 6.81 0 9 40.73 1 0 68.242 8 15
,,1/2 0.944 9 1 1
16 6. 130 39 0. 163 12 42.753 3 6.974 O 43.341 0 75.216 8 16 ,,1/4 0.972 065
17 6.866'04 0.145 64 48.883 7 7. 1 1 9 6 45.816 9 82.336 4 17 PMA92
18 7.689 97 0.130 04 55.749 7 7.249 7 48.157 6 89.586 l 18 ,,1/12 0.990 600
19 8.612 76 0.1 1 6 1 1 63,439 7 7.365 8 50.363 7 96.95 1 9 19 PFA92
20 9.646 29 0.103 67 72.052 4 7.469 4 52.437 O 1 04,42 1 3 20 d 0. 1 07 143
21 10.803 85 0.092 56 81 .698 7 7.562 O 54.380 8 1 1 1 .983 3 2 1 d( 2) 0.1 10 1 78
22 12. 1 00 3 1 0.082 64 92.502 6 7.644 6 56. 198 9 1 19.628 O 22 d(4) 0.1 1 1 738
23 13.552 35 0.073 79 104.602 9 7.7 1 8 4 57.896 O 127.346 4 23
24 15.1 78 63 0.065 88 1 1 8. 155 2 7.784 3 59.477 2 135.130 7 24 d(l 2) 0. 1 12 795 Intemational
-
25 . 17.000 06 0.058 82 133.333 9 7.843 l 60.947 8 142.973 8 25 Actuarial
) Notation
26 19.040 07 0.052 52 150.333 9 7.895 7 62.3 1 3 3 150.869 5 26 i / P 1 .029 150
27 2 1 .324 88 0.046 89 169.374 O 7.942 6 63.579 4 158.812 l 27 i I i( )
4 1 .D43 938
28 23.883 87 0.041 87 190.698 9 7.984 4 64.751 8 166.796 5 28 . i I i( 12) 1.053 875
29 26.749 93 0.037 38 214.582 8 8.02 1 8 65.835 9 174.8 1 8 3 29
30 29.959 92 0.033 38 241.332 7 8.055 2 66.837 2 182.873 5 30
i l lì 1 .058 867
31 33.555 I l 0.029 80 271 .292 6 8.085 O 67.761 l 190.958 5 31
32 37.581 73 0.026 6 1 304.847 7 8.1 1 1 6 68.612 6 199.070 O 32 S (MU)
33 42.091 53 0.023 76 342.429 4 8. J:ì 5 4 69.396 6 207.205 4 33 ild(2) 1.089 1 50
34 47.142 52 0.02 1 2 1 384.52 1 0 8.156 6 70. 1 1 7 8 215.362 O 34 i l d(4) 1.073 938
35 52.799 62 0.018 94 43 1 .663 5 8.175 5 70.780 7 223.537 5 35
i l d(12 ) 1 .063 875
36 59.135 57 0.016 9 1 484.463 1 8.192 4 7 1 .389 4 23 1 .729 9 36
37 66.23 1 84 0.01 5 l O 543.598 7 8.207 5 71 .948 1 239.937 4 37
38 74.179 66 0.013 48 609.830 5 8.22 1 0 72,460 4 248.158 4 38
39 83.08 1 22 0.012 04 684.010 2 8.233 O 72.929 8 256.39 1 4 39 S(ID)
40 93.050 97 0.010 75 767.091 4 8.243 8 73.359 6 264.635 2 40
41 104.2 1 7 09 0.009 60 860. 142 4 8.253 4 73.753 1 272.888 6 4 1
42 1 1 6.723 14 0.008 57 964.359 5 8.261 9 74.1 12 9 281 . 150 5 42
43 130.729 91 0.007 65 1 08 1 .082 6 8.269 6 74,441 8 289.420 l 43
44 146,417 50 0.006 83 1 21 1.812 5 8.276 4 74.742 3 297.696 5 44
45 163.987 60 0.006 l O l 358.230 O 8.282 5 75.016 7 305.979 O 45 Pension
46 1 83.666 1 2 0.005 44 1 522.2 1 7 6 8.288 O 75.267 2 3 14.267 O 46 Scheme
47 205.706 05 0.004 86 1 705.883 8 8.292 8 75,495 7 322.559 8 47
48 230.390 78 0.004 34 1 91 1.589 8 8.297 2 75.704 O 330.857 O 48
49 258.037 67 0.003 88 2 141.980 6 8.30 1 0 75.893 9 339.158 O 49
50 289.002 19 0.003 46 2 400.018 2 8.304 5 76.066 9 347.462 5 50
60 897.596 93 0.001 1 1 7 47 1 .641 1 8.324 O 77.134 1 430.632 9 60
70 2 787.799 83 0.000 36 23 223.33 1 9 8.330 3 77.540 6 5 13.913 8 70 Time
80 8 658,483 l O 0.000 1 2 7 2 145.692 5 8.332 4 77.691 8 597.230 2 80 Series
90 26 891.934 22 0.000 04 224 091. 1 1 8 5 8.333 O 77.747 O 680.558 l 90
100 83 522.265 73 0.000 01 696 0 1 0.547 7 8.333 2 77.766 9 763.889 7 100

63
�tAfiQti�QI
 Compound Interest
15 % 11 (1 + i)1I VII (la);;] (Da);;] n

; 0. 150 000 l 1 . 150 00 0.869 57 1 .000 O 0.869 6 0.869 6 0.869 6 l

;(2) 0. 144 761 2 1.322 50 0.756 14 2.150 O 1 .625 7 2.381 9 2.495 3 2
3 1 .520 88 0.657 52 3.472 5 2.283 2 4.354 4 4.778 5 3 .
;(4) 0.142 232 4 1 .749 0 1 0.571 75 4.993 4 2.855 O 6.641 4 7.633 5 4
;(12) 0.140 579 5 2.0 1 1 36 0.497 18 6.742 4 3.352 2 9.127 3 10.985 6 5
6 2.3 13 06 0.432 33 8.753 7 3.784 5 1 1 .72 1 3 14.770 l 6
o 0. 1 39 762 7 2.660 02 0.375 94 1 1 .066 8 4.160 4 14.352 8 18.930 5 7
8 3.059 02 0.326 90 13.726 8 4.487 3 16.968 O 23.417 9 8
(1 + ;)1/2 1.072 381 9 3.5 1 7 88 0.284 26 16.785 8 4.771 6 19.526 4 28. 1 89 4 9
lO 4.045 56 0.247 18 20.303 7 5.0 1 8 8 2 1 .998 2 33.208 2 lO
( l + i) 1/4 1 .035 558
Il 4.652 39 0.214 94 24.349 3 5.233 7 24.362 6 38.441 9 Il
(l + i) 1 1 I 2 1.01 1 715 12 5.350 25 0. 1 86 91 29.001 7 5.420 6 26.605 5 43.862 5 12
13 6.152 79 0.162 53 34.35 1 9 5.583 l 28.7 1 8 4 49.445 7 13
v 0.869 565 14 7.075 7 1 0.141 33 40.504 7 5.724 5 30.697 O 55.170 2 14
15 8.137 06 0.122 89 47.580 4 5.847 4 32.540 4 61.017 5 15
1'1/2 0.932 505
1'1/4 0.965 663 16 9.357 62 0. 1 06 86 55.717 5 5.954 2 34.250 2 66.971 8 1 6
17 10.761 26 0.092 93 65.075 l 6.047 2 35.830 O 73.018 9 17
1'1/12 0.988 42 1 37.284 5 79.146 9 1 8
18 12.375 45 0.080 8 1 75.836 4 6.128 O
19 14.231 77 0,070 27 88.2 1 1 8 6. 198 2 38.619 5 85.345 l 19
d 0.130 435 20 16.366 54 0.061 lO 102.443 6 6.259 3 39.841 5 9 1 .604 5 20
d(2) 0.134 990 21 18.821 52 0.053 13 1 1 8.810 l 6.3 1 2 5 40.957 2 97.91 6 9 21
d(4) 0.137 348 22 2 1 .644 75 0.046 20 137.631 6 6.358 7 41 .973 7 104.275 6 22
23 24.891 46 0.040 1 7 159.276 4 6.398 8 42.897 7 1 10.674 4 23
d( l2) 0.138 95 1 24 28.625 18 0.034 93 1 84.167 8 6.433 8 43.736 l 1 17.108 2 24
25 32.918 95 0.030 38 2 12.793 O 6.464 l 44.495 5 123.572 3 25
il ;(2) 1.036 190 26 37.856 80 0.026 42 245.712 O 6.490 6 45. 1 82 3 130.062 9 26
; ; ;(4) 1.054 613 27 43.535 3 1 0.022 97 283.568 8 6.5 13 5 45.802 5 136.576 4 27
il ;(12) 28 50.065 61 0.01 9 97 327.104 l 6.533 5 46.361 8 143.109 9 28
1 .067 0 1 6 29 57.575 45 0.0 1 7 37 377.169 7 6.550 9 46.865 5 149.660 8 29
30 66.2 1 1 77 0.01 5 l O 434.745 1 6.566 O 47.3 1 8 6 156.226 8 30
ilo 1.073 254
31 76. 143 54 0.013 13 500.956 9 6.579 l 47.725 7 162.805 9 31
32 87.565 07 0.0 1 1 42 577. 100 5 6.590 5 48.091 l 169.396 4 32
il d(2) 1 . 1 1 1 190 33 100.699 83 0.009 93 664.665 5 6.600 5 48.4 1 8 8 175.996 9 33
i l d(4) 1.092 1 13 34 1 15.804 80 0.008 64 765.365 4 6.609 l 48.712 4 1 82.606 O 34
35 133.175 52 0.007 51 881 . 170 2 6.616 6 48.975 2 189.222 6 35
i l d(12) 1 .079 5 1 6
36 153. 15 1 85 0.006 53 l 014.345 7 6.623 l 49.210 3 195.845 8 36
37 1 76. 124 63 0.005 68 1 167.497 5 6.628 8 49.420 4 202.474 6 37
38 202.543 32 0.004 94 1 343.622 2 6.633 8 49.608 O 209. 108 3 38
39 232.924 82 0.004 29 l 546. 165 5 6.638 O 49.775 4 215.746 4 39 " �I
40 267.863 55 0.003 73 1 779.090 3 6.641 8 49.924 8 222.388 1 40
41 308.043 08 0.003 25 2 046.953 9 6.645 O 50.057 9 229.033 2 41
42 354.249 54 0.002 82 2 354.996 9 6.647 8 50. 1 76 4 235.681 0 42
43 407.386 97 0.002 45 2 709.246 5 6.650 3 50.282 O 242.331 3 43
44 468.495 02 0.002 13 3 1 1 6.633 4 6.652 4 50.375 9 248.983 8 44
45 538.769 27 0.001 86 3 585.128 5 6.654 3 50.459 4 255.638 O 45
46 6 19.584 66 0.001 61 4 123.897 7 6�655 9 50.533 7 262.294 O 46
47 712.522 36 0.001 40 4 743.482 4 6.657 3 50.599 6 268.95 1 3 47
48 8 19.400 71 0.001 22 5 456.004 7 6.658 5 50.658 2 275.609 8 48
49 942.3 10 82 0.001 06 6 275.405 5 6.659 6 50.710 2 282.269 4 49
50 1 083.657 44 0.000 92 7 217.716 3 6.660 5 50.756 3 288.929 9 50

64
 \

Compound Interest
Il (l + i)" v
"
(la);;] 20%
1 1 .200 00 0.833 33 1 .000 O 0.833 3 0.833 3 0.833 3 1 i 0.200 000
2 1 .440 00 0.694 44 2.200 O 1 .527 8 2.222 2 2.361 1 2 P) 0.190 890
3 1 .728 00 0.578 70 3.640 O 2. 106 5 3.958 3 4.467 6 3
4 2.073 60 0.482 25 5.368 O 2.588 7 5.887 3 7.056 3 4 i(4) 0. 1 86 541
5 2.488 32 0.401 88 7.441 6 2.990 6 7.896 7 10.046 9 5 i(12 ) 0.1 83 714
ELT15
6 2.985 98 0.334 90 9.929 9 3.325 5 9.906 1 13.372 4 6
7 3.583 18 0.279 08 12.915 9 3.604 6 1 1 .859 7 1 6.977 O 7 lì 0.1 82 322
8 4.299 82 0.232 57 16.499 1 3.837 2 13.720 2 20.814 2 8
9 ' 5. 1 59 78 0.193 8 1 20.798 9 4.03 1 0 1 5.464 5 24.845 2 9 (l + i) I/2 1 .095 445
lO 6.191 74 0.161 5 1 25.958 7 4.192 5 17.079 6 29.037 6 l O
(l + i) 1/4 1.046 635
Il 7.430 08 0.134 59 32. 150 4 4.327 1 18.560 O 33.364 7 11 AM92
12 8.916 lO 0.1 12 16 39.580 5 4.439 2 1 9.905 9 37.803 9 12 (1 + i) l/12 1 .0 1 5 309
13 10.699 32 0.093 46 48.496 6 4.532 7 2 1 . 120 9 42.336 6 13
14 12.839 18 0.077 89 59.195 9 4.6 10 6 22.21 1 3 46.947 2 14 v 0.833 333
15 15.407 02' 0,064 91 72.035 1 4.675 5 23.1 84 9 5 1 .622 6 15
1'1/2 0.912 871
16 18.488 43 0.054 09 87.442 1 4.729 6 24.050 3 56.352 2 16 1'1/4 0.955 443
17 22. 1 86 1 1 0.045 07 105.930 6 4.774 6 24.8 1 6 6 6 1 . 126 8 17 PMA92
18 26.623 33 0.037 56 128. 1 1 6 7 4.8 12 2 25.492 7 65.939 O 18 1'1/12 0.984 921
19 3 1 .948 00 0.03 1 30 1 54.740 O 4.843 5 26.087 4 70.782 5 19 PFA92
20 38.337 60 0.026 08 186.688 O 4.869 6 26.609 1 75.652 1 20 d 0.166 667
21 46.005 12 0.02 1 74 225.025 6 4.891 3 27.065 5 80.543 4 21 d(2) 0.174 258
22 55.206 14 0.01 8 I l 271 .030 7 4.909 4 27.464 1 85.452 8 22 d(4) 0.178 229
23 66.247 37 0.015 09 326.236 9 4.924 5 27.8 1 1 2 90.377 4 23
24 79.496 85 0.012 58 392.484 2 4.937 1 28. 1 13 1 95.314 5 24 d(1 2) 0.1 80 943 International
25 95.396 22 omo 48 471.98 1 1 4.947 6 28.375 2 100.262 1 25 Actnarial
26 1 14.475 46 0.008 74 567.377 3 4.956 3 28.602 3 1 05.218 4 26 i / i(2) 1 .047 723 Notation
27 1 37.370 55 0.007 28 681 .852 8 4.963 6 28.798 9 1 10.182 O 27 i / i (4) 1.072 153
8 19.223 3 4.969 7 28.968 7 1 15.151 7 28
28
29
164.844 66
197.8 13 59
0.006 07
0.005 06 984.068 O 4.974 7 29. 1 15 3 120.126 4 29 i / i (1 2 ) 1 .088 651
30 237.376 3 1 0.004 2 1 1 1 8 1 .881 6 4.978 9 29.241 7 125.105 3 30
ilù 1 .096 963
31 284.851 5 8 0.003 5 1 1 419.257 9 4.982 4 29.350 5 130.087 8 31
32 341.821 89 0.002 93 1 704. 1 09 5 4.985 4 29.444 2 135.073 1 32
33 410. 1 86 27 0.002 44 2 045.93 1 4 4.987 8 29.524 6 140.060 9 33 i l d(2) 1 .147 723 S(MU)
34 492.223 52 0.002 03 2 456.1 17 6 4.989 8 29.593 7 145.050 8 34 ild (4) 1 . 122 1 53
35 590.668 23 0.001 69 2 948.341 1 4.991 5 29.652 9 1 50.042 3 35
i l d (12) 1 . 1 05 3 17
36 708.801 87 0.001 41 3 539.009 4 4.992 9 29.703 7 1 55.035 3 36
37 850.562 25 0.001 1 8 4 247.81 1 2 4.994 1 29.747 2 1 60.029 4 37
38 1 020.674 7,0 0.000 98 5 098.373 5 4.995 1 29.784 5 1 65.024 5 38
39 1 224.809 64 0.000 82 6 1 19.048 2 4.995 9 29.816 3 1 70.020 4 39 S(ID)
40 1 469.771 57 0.000 68 7 343.857 8 4.996 6 29.843 5 1 75.017 0 40
41 1 763.725 88 0.000 57 8 8 13.629 4 4.997 2 29.866 8 1 80.014 2 41
42 2 1 1 6.471 06 0.000 47 lO 577.355 3 4.997 6 29.886 6 1 85.01 1 8 42
43 2 539.765 27 0.000 39 1 2 693.826 3 4.998 O 29.903 5 190.009 8 43
44 3 047.718 32 0.000 33 15 233.591 6 4.998 4 29.918 O 195.008 2 44
45 3 65])-61 99 0.000 27 18 281 .309 9 4.998 6 29.930 3 200.006 8 45 Pension
46 4 388.714 39 0.000 23 21 938.571 9 4.998 9 29.940 8 205.005 7 46 Scheme
47 5 266.457 26 0.000 19 26 327.286 3 4.999 1 29.949 7 2 10.004 7 47
48 6 3 19.748 72 0.000 16 3 1 593.743 6 4.999 2 29.957 3 2 15.004 O 48
49 7 583.698 46 0.000 13 37 913.492 3 4.999 3 29.963 7 220.003 3 49
50 9 1 00.438 15 0.000 I l 45 497.190 8 4.999 5 29.969 2 225.002 7 50

Time
Series

65
�tQfiQtirtQI
 Compound Interest
25% 11 (l + ;)" V
"
(la);;] (Da);;] 11

i 0.250 000 1 1 .250 00 0.800 00 1 .000 O 0.800 O 0.800 O 0.800 O 1

i(2) 0.236 068 2 1 .562 50 0.640 00 2.250 O 1 .440 O 2.080 O 2.240 O 2
3 1 .953 1 3 0.5 1 2 00 3.812 5 1.952 O 3.616 O 4.192 O 3
i(4) 0.229 485 4 2.441 41 0.409 60 5.765 6 2.361 6 5.254 4 6.553 6 4
i( l 2) 0.225 231 5 3.05 1 76 0.327 68 8.207 O 2.689 3 6.892 8 9.242 9 5
6 3.814 70 0.262 14 1 1 .258 8 2.95 1 4 8.465 7 12. 194 3 6
o 0.223 144 7 4.768 37 0.209 72 15.073 5 3.161 1 9.933 7 15.355 4 7
8 5.960 46 0.167 77 19.841 9 3.328 9 1 1.275 8 18.684 4 8
(1 + i) 1/2 1 . 1 18 034 9 7.450 58 0. 134 22 25.802 3 3.463 1 12.483 8 22.147 5 9
lO 9.3 13 23 0.107 37 33.252 9 3.570 5 13.557 5 25.718 O l O
(1 + i) 1/4 1 .057 371
Il 1 1 .641 53 0.085 90 42.566 1 3.656 4 14.502 4 29.374 4 Il
(1 + i) 1 / 1 2 1 .018 769 12 14.551 92 0.068 72 54.207 7 3.725 1 15.327 1 33.099 5 12
13 1 8. 1 89 89 0.054 98 68.759 6 3.780 1 16.041 8 36.879 6 13
v 0.800 000 14 22.737 37 0.043 98 86.949 5 3.824 1 16.657 5 40.703 7 14
15 28.42 1 7 1 0.035 1 8 109.686 8 3.859 3 1 7. 1 85 3 44.562 9 15
v1/2 0.894 427
v1/4 0.945 742 16 35.527 14 0.028 15 138. 108 5 3.887 4 17.635 6 48.450 4 16
17 44.408 92 0.022 52 173.635 7 3.909 9 1 8.018 4 52.360 3 17
V1/1 2 0.981 577 18 55.5 1 1 1 5 0.01 8 0 1 21 8.044 6 3.927 9 1 8.342 7 56.288 2 18
19 69.388 94 0.0 1 4 4 1 273.555 8 3.942 4 18.616 5 60.230 6 19
d 0.200 000 20 86.736 17 0.0 1 1 53 342.944 7 3.953 9 1 8.847 1 64.184 5 20
d (2) 0.2 1 1 146 21 1 08.420 22 0.009 22 429.680 9 3.963 1 1 9.040 8 68.147 6 21
d (4) 0.21 7 034 22 135.525 27 "0.007 38 538.1 0 1 1 3.970 5 1 9.203 1 72. 1 18 1 22
23 1 69.406 59 0.005 90 673.626 4 3.976 4 1 9.338 9 76.094 4 23
d (1 2) 0.22 1 082 24 2 1 1 .758 24 0.004 72 843,032 9 3.98 1 1 1 9.452 2 80.075 6 24
25 264.697 80 0.003 78 1 054.791 2 3.984 9 1 9.546 7 84.060 4 25
i l Pl 1 .059 0 1 7 26 330.872 25 0.003 02 1 3 19.489 0 3.987 9 1 9.625 2 88.048 4 26
i l /4) 1 .089 396 27 413.590 3 1 0.002 42 1 650.361 2 3.990 3 19.690 5 92.038 7 27
28 5 1 6.987 88 0.00 1 93 2 063.951 5 3.992 3 19.744 7 96.030 9 28
i U(1 2) 1 . 109 971 29 2 580.939 4 3.993 8 1 9.789 6 1 00.024 8 29
646.234 85 0.001 55
30 807.793 57 0.00 1 24 3 227. 174 3 3.995 O 1 9.826 7 104.019 8 30
ilo l . l20 355
31 1 009.74 1 96 0.000 99 4 034.967 8 3.996 O 19.857 4 108.015 8 31
32 1 262.177 45 0.000 79 5 044.709 8 3.996 8 1 9.882 7 1 12.0 12 7 32
i l d(2) 1 . 1 84 017 33 l 577.721 8 1 0.000 63 6 306.887 2 3.997 5 19.903 7 1 16.01 0 1 33
il d(4) 1 . 1 5 1 896 34 1 972.152 26 0.000 5 1 7 884.609 l 3.998 O 19.920 9 120.008 1 34
35 2 465. 190 33 0.000 4 1 9 856.761 3 3.998 4 19.935 1 1 24.006 5 35
il d(l 2) 1 . 130 804
36 3 08 1 .487 9 1 0.000 32 12 321 .951 6 3.998 7 1 9.946 8 128.005 2 36
37 3 85 1 .859 89 0.000 26 15 403.439 6 3.999 O 19.956 4 132.004 2 37
38 4 81 4.824 86 0.000 2 1 19 255.299 4 3.999 2 19.964 3 1 36.003 3 38
39 6 01 8.53 1 08 0.000 1 7 24 070.124 3 3.999 3 19.970 8 140.002 7 39
40 7 523. 1 63 85 0.000 13 30 088.655 4 3.999 5 19.976 l 144.002 l 40
41 9 403.954 8 1 0.000 I l 37 6 1 1 .819 2 3.999 6 19.980 4 148.001 7 41
42 I l 754.943 5 1 0.000 09 47 015.774 O 3.999 7 19.984 O 152.00 1 4 42
43 1 4 693.679 39 0.000 07 58 770.7 1 7 5 3.999 7 19.986 9 156.001 l 43
44 1 8 367.099 23 0.000 05 73 464.396 9 3.999 8 19.989 3 1 60.000 9 44
45 22 958.874 04 0.000 04 91 831 .496 2 3.999 8 19.991 3 164.000 7 45
46 28 698.592 55 0.000 03 1 14 790.370 2 3.999 9 19.992 9 1 68.000 6 46
47 35 873.240 69 0.000 03 143 488.962 7 3.999 9 1 9.994 2 1 72.000 4 47
48 44 841.550 86 0.000 02 179 362.203 4 3.999 9 19.995 3 1 76.000 4 48
49 56 05 1 .938 57 0.000 02 224 203.754 3 3.999 9 19.996 l 180.000 3 49
50 70 064.923 22 0.000 0 1 280 255.692 9 3.999 9 1 9.996 9 1 84.000 2 50

66
 ELTlS

AM92
POPULATION MORTALITY TABLE

ELT15 (Males) and ELT15 (Females)

PMA92
This table is based on the mortality of the population ofEngland and Wales PFA92
during the years 1990, 199 1, and 1992. Full details are given in English Life
Ta bles No. 15 pub1ished by The Stationery Office.
Internationa
Note that no Il o va1ues have been inc1uded because of the difficu1ty of Actnaria)
calculating reasonab1e estimates from observed data. Notation

/ S(MU)

S(ID )

Pensioll
Scheme

Time
Series

67
Statistica'
 ELT15 (Males)
x lt dt qx J.lx ex x
O 100 000 814 0.008 14 73.413 O
1 99 186 62 0.000 62 0.000 80 73.019 1
2 99 124 38 0.000 38 0.000 43 72.064 2
3 99 086 30 0.000 30 0.000 33 7 1 .091 3
4 99 056 24 0.000 24 0.000 27 70. 1 13 4
5 99 032 22 0.000 22 0.000 23 69.130 5
6 99 010 20 0.000 20 0.000 2 1 68. 145 6
7 98 990 18 0.000 19 0.000 19 67.158 7
8 98 972 19 0.000 1 8 0.000 18 66. 171 8
9 98 953 18 0.000 1 8 0.000 1 8 65. 1 83 9
lO 98 935 18 0.000 1 8 0.000 18 64.195 lO
II 98 917 18 0.000 1 8 0.000 1 8 63.206 11
12 98 899 19 0.000 19 0.000 19 62.218 12
13 98 880 23 0.000 23 0.000 21 6 1 .230 13
14 98 857 29 0.000 29 0.000 26 60.244 14
15 98 828 39 0.000 40 0.000 34 59.261 15
16 98 789 52 0.000 52 0.000 45 58.285 16
17 98 737 74 0.000 75 0.000 64 57.3 15 17
18 98 663 86 0.000 87 0.000 83 56.358 18 "

19 98 577 81 0.000 83 0.000 85 55.406 19

20 98 496 83 0.000 84 0.000 83 54.452 20
21 98 413 85 0.000 86 0.000 85 53.497 21
22 98 328 87 0.000 89 0.000 88 52.543 22
23 98 241 87 0.000 89 0.000 89 5 1 .589 23
24 98 154 87 0.000 88 0.000 89 50.635 24
25 98 067 84 0.000 86 0.000 87 49.679 25
26 97 983 83 0.000 85 0.000 85 48.721 26
27 97 900 83 0.000 85 0.000 84 47.762 27
28 97 817 85 0.000 87 0.000 86 46.802 28
29 97 732 87 0.000 90 0.000 88 45.842 29
30 97 645 89 0.000 91 0.000 90 44.883 30
31 97 556 91 0.000 94 0.000 92 43.923 31
32 97 465 95 0.000 97 0.000 96 42.964 32
33 97 370 97 0.000 99 0.000 98 42.005 33
34 97 273 103 0.00 1 06 0.001 02 4 1.046 34
35 97 170 1 13 0.00 1 1 6 0.001 1 1 40.090 35
36 97 057 124 0.00 1 27 0.001 22 39.136 36
37 96 933 133 0.001 38 0.00 1 33 38.185 37
38 96 800 145 0.00 1 49 0.00 1 44 37.237 38

SV\ 39
40
96 655
96 500
155
166
0.00 1 60
0.001 72
0.001 55
0.001 66
36.292
35.349
39
40
41 96 334 179 0.00 1 86 0.001 79 34.409 41
42 96 155 194 0.002 0 1 0.001 93 33.473 42
43 95 961 210 0.002 19 0.002 l O 32.539 43
44 95 751 230 0.002 40 0.002 29 3 1 .609 44
45 95 521 255 0.002 66 0.002 53 30.684 45
46 95 266 283 0.002 97 0.002 8 1 29.765 46
47 94 983 315 0.003 32 0.003 14 28.852 47
48 94 668 352 0.003 71 0.003 52 27.947 48
49 94 3 1 6 391 0.004 15 0.003 93 27.049 49
50 93 925 436 0.004 64 0.004 40 26. 1 59 50
51 93 489 485 0.005 1 9 0.004 92 25.279 51
52 93 004 537 0.005 77 0.005 49 24.408 52
53 92 467 594 0.006 42 0.006 l O 23.547 53
54 91 873 656 0.007 14 0.006 79 22.696 54

68
 ELT15 (Males)
x lr dr qx Ilx ex x
55 91 2 1 7 727 0.007 97 0.007 57 21 .856 55
56 90 490 806 0.008 90 0.008 45 21.027 56
57 89 684 892 0.009 95 0.009 45 20.2 1 1 57
58 88 792 987 0.0 1 1 12 0.Q10 57 19.409 58
59 87 805 1 091 0.012 43 0.01 1 82 18.622 59
60 86 714 1 207 0.013 92 0.013 23 1 7.850 60
61 85 507 1 334 0.015 60 0.014 83 17.095 61
62 84 173 1 472 0.0 1 7 49 0.016 64 1 6.357 62
63 82 701 1 625 0.019 65 0.018 70 15.640 63
64 81 076 1 783 0.02 1 99 0.02 1 01 14.943 64
65 79 293 1 940 0.024 47 0.023 48 14.267 65
2 097 0.027 1 1 0.026 l O 13.612 66 AM92
66 77 353
67 75 256 2 255 0.029 97 0.028 93 12.978 67
68 73 001 2 403 0.032 92 0.03 1 92 12.363 68
69 70 598 2 543 0.036 02 0.035 05 1 1 .767 69
70 68 055 2 674 0.039 30 0.038 33 1 1 . 187 70
71 65 381 2 8 19 0.043 1 1 0.04 1 98 10.624 71
72 62 562 2 969 0.047 45 0.046 26 10.080 72 PMA92
73 59 593 3 109 0.052 17 0.05 1 05 9.557 73 PFA92
74 56 484 3 2 18 0.056 97 0.056 09 9.056 74
I 75 53 266 3 301 0.061 97 0.061 23 8.572 75
76 49 965 3 386 0.067 77 0.066 94 8.106 76
77 46 579 3 455 0.074 18 0.073 52 7.658 77
78 43 124 3 494 0.08 1 0 1 0.080 68 7.232 78 International
79 39 630 3 502 0.088 38 0.088 40 6.825 79 Actuarial
80 36 128 3 474 0.096 1 6 0.096 75 6.438 80 Notation
81 32 654 3 400 0.104 1 1 0.105 44 6.070 81
82 29 254 3 300 0. 1 12 79 0.1 14 64 5.71 8 82
83 25 954 3 175 . 0.122 35 0. 124 91 5.382 83
84 22 779 3 023 0.132 70 0.136 27 5.063 84
85 19 756 2 839 0.143 72 0. 148 57 4.762 85
86 16 917 2 637 0. 155 85 0.162 08 4.478 86
87 14 280 2 406 0. 1 68 48 0.176 89 4.213 87 S(MU)
88 1 1 874 2 144 0.180 6 1 0.191 90 3.968 88
89 9 730 1 873 0.192 46 0.206 47 3.734 89
90 7 857 1 608 0.204 65 0.221 14 3.508 90
91 6 249 1 369 0.21 9 1 1 0.237 54 3.285 91
92 4 880 1 154 0.236 55 0.257 93 3.07 1 92
93 3 726 953 0.255 75 0.282 26 2.872 93
94 2 773 762 0.274 83 0.308 37 2.693 94 S(ID)
95 2 01 1 590 0.293 1 1 0.334 24 2.53 1 95
96 1 421 442 0.3 1 1 04 0.359 74 2.383 96
97 979 322 0.329 1 9 0.385 79 2.244 97
98 657 229 0.347 83 0.413 13 2.114 98
99 428 157 0.367 12 0.442 16 1 .991 99
Pension
100 271 105 0.387 05 0.473 12 1 .874 100 Scherne
101 166 68 0.407 60 0.506 09 1 .764 101
102 98 42 0.428 70 0.541 17 1.660 102
103 56 25 0.450 30 0.578 32 1 .562 103
104 31 15 0.474 28 0.619 01 1.468 104
105 16 8 0.496 34 0.664 18 1.384 105
106 8 4 0.5 1 8 4 1 0.706 30 1.306 1 06 Urne
107 4 2 0.540 4 1 0.751 1 1 1.234 1 07
108 2 1 0.562 25 0.797 4 1 1 . 166 108 Series
109 1 1 0.583 85 0.844 99 1 . 104 1 09

69
l'ìtAt/"t/",,1
 ELT15 (Females)
x lr dr qx flx ex x
O 100 000 632 0.006 32 78.956 O
1 99 368 55 0.000 55 0.000 73 78.462 1
2 99 313 30 0.000 30 0.000 35 77.505 2
3 99 283 22 0.000 22 0.000 25 76.528 3
4 99 261 18 0.000 1 8 0.000 20 75.545 4
5 99 243 15 0.000 16 0.000 17 74.559 5
6 99 228 15 0.000 15 0.000 15 73.570 6
7 99 213 14 0.000 14 0.000 14 72.581 7
8 99 199 14 0.000 14 0.000 14 71.591 8
9 99 185 13 0.000 13 0.000 14 70.601 9
lO 99 172 13 0.000 13 0.000 1 3 69.610 lO
Il 99 159 14 0.000 14 0.000 14 68.620 Il
12 99 145 14 0.000 14 0.000 14 67.629 12
f� () 13
14
99 131
99 1 1 6
15
18
0.000
0.000
15
18
0.000 14
0.000 17
66.638
65.649
13
14
15 99 098 21 0.000 22 0.000 20 64.660 15
16 99 077 26 0.000 26 0.000 24 63.674 16
17 99 05 1 31 0.000 3 1 0.000 29 62.691 17
ì �k 18
19
99 020
98 989
31
32
0.000 3 1
0.000 32
0.000 3 1
0.000 32
6 1 .710
60.729
18
19
20 98 957 31 0.000 3 1 0.000 32 59.748 20
21 98 926 32 0.000 32 0.000 32 58.767 21
22 98 894 32 0.000 33 0.000 32 57.786 22
23 98 862 33 0.000 33 0.000 33 56.805 23
24 98 829 32 0.000 33 0.000 33 55.823 24
25 98 797 34 0.000 34 0.000 33 54.842 25
26 98 763 34 0.000 35 0.000 34 53.860 26
27 98 729 35 0.000 36 0.000 35 52.878 27
28 98 694 38 0.000 38 0.000 37 5 1 .897 28
29 98 656 39 0.000 40 0.000 39 50.917 29
30 98 6 1 7 43 0.000 43 0.000 42 49.937 30
31 98 574 46 0.000 47 0.000 45 48.958 31
32 98 528 51 0.000 52 0.000 50 47.981 32
33 98 477 57 0.000 57 0.000 54 47.006 33
34 98 420 61 0.000 63 0.000 60 46.032 34
35 98 359 68 0.000 69 0.000 66 45.061 35
36 98 291 74 0.000 75 0.000 72 44.092 36
37 98 2 1 7 81 0.000 82 0.000 79 43.124 37
38 98 136 88 0.000 90 0.000 86 42.160 38
39 98 048 96 0.000 98 0.000 94 4 1 . 197 . 39
40 97 952 105 0.00 1 07 0.001 02 40.237 40
41 97 847 1 14 0.00 1 17 0.001 1 2 39.279 41
42 97 733 126 0.00 1 29 0.00 1 23 38.325 42
43 97 607 138 0.00 1 42 0.001 35 37.374 43
SV\ 44
45
97 469 154 0.00 1 58
0.00 1 77
0.00 1 49
0.001 67
36.426
35.483
44
45
97 315 173
46 97 142 192 0.00 1 98 0.001 87 34.545 46
47 96 950 212 0.002 19 0.002 08 33.6 12 47
48 96 738 234 0.002 41 0.002 30 32.685 48
49 96 504 257 0.002 66 0.002 53 3 1.763 49
50 96 247 283 0.002 94 0.002 80 30.846 50
51 95 964 312 0.003 26 0.003 l O 29.936 51
52 95 652 342 0.003 57 0.003 42 29.032 52
53 95 3 10 372 0.003 90 0.003 74 28. 134 53
54 94 938 406 0.004 28 0.004 08 27.242 54

70
 ELT15 (Females)
x l, d, qx f.lx ex x
55 94 532 450 0.004 75 0.004 5 1 26.357 55
/ 56 94 082 499 0.005 3 1 0.005 03 25.481 56
57 93 583 554 0.005 92 0.005 62 24.614 57
58 93 029 614 0.006 60 0.006 26 23.757 58
59 92 415 683 0.007 39 0.007 00 22.912 59
60 9 1 732 761 0.008 30 0.007 86 22.079 60
61 90 971 839 0.009 22 0.008 80 2 1.259 61
62 90 132 915 0.010 1 5 0.009 72 20.452 62
63 89 2 1 7 1007 0.0 1 1 29 0.0 10 74 19.657 63
64 88 210 1 117 0.012 66 0.012 03 1 8.875 64
65 87 093 1218 0.013 99 0.013 42 1 8.1 1 1 65
66 85 875 1308 0.015 23 0.014 70 1 7.36 1 66
67 84 567 1417 0.0 1 6 76 0.0 1 6 09 1 6.621 67 AM�
68 83 150 1 533 0.0 1 8 44 0.0 1 7 74 1 5.896 68
69 8 1 617 1 647 0.020 17 0.0 1 9 49 15.185 69
70 79 970 1751 0.021 90 0.02 1 23 14.487 70
71 78 219 1 876 0.023 99 0.023 I l 13.800 71
72 76 343 2056 0.026 93 0.025 69 1 3 . 127 72
73 74 287 2239 0.030 14 0.028 97 12.476 73
74 72 048 2366 0.032 84 0.032 03 1 1 .848 74 PMA
69 682 2487 0.035 69 0.034 80 1 1 .234 75 PFA\
75
76 67 195 2634 0.039 19 0.038 03 10.63 1 76
77 64 561 2812 0.043 56 0.042 1 4 10.044 77
78 61 749 2984 0.048 33 0.046 94 9.478 78
79 58 765 3 158 0.053 73 0.052 28 8.934 79
80 55 607 3314 0.059 6 1 0.058 27 8.413 80 Internat
81 52 293 3435 0.065 68 0.064 64 7.914 81
82 48 858 3526 0.072 1 6 0.071 3 1 7.435 82 Actuaril
83 45 332 3596 0.079 33 0.078 61 6.974 83 NotatiOl
84 4 1 736 3655 0.087 57 0.086 91 6.532 84
85 38 081 3706 0.097 3 1 0.096 74 6.1 1 1 85
86 34 375 3724 0. 108 33 0. 108 4 1 5.7 1 5 86
87 30 65 1 3634 0.1 1 8 59 0.120 52 5.349 87
88 27 017 3475 0.128 60 0.13 1 74 5.002 88
89 23 542 3330 0.14 1 46 0.144 62 4.667 89
90 20 212 3 143 0. 155 50 0.160 53 4.354 90 S(Ml
91 17 069 2903 0. 1 70 06 0. 1 77 5 1 4.065 91
92 14 1 66 263 1 0.185 73 0.195 73 3.797 92
93 1 1 535 2321 0.20 1 26 0.214 98 3.551 93
94 9 2 14 2008 0.2 1 7 90 0.234 90 3.322 94
95 7 206 1 702 0.236 1 9 0.257 32 3.1 1 2 95
96 5 504 1395 0.253 44 0.281 14 2.925 96
2.754 97
S(I [)
97 4 109 1 102 0.268 20 0.302 67
98 3 007 853 0.283 52 0.322 41 2.588 98
99 2 1 54 653 0.303 3 1 0.346 28 2.422 99
100 1 501 488 0.324 89 0.376 7 1 2.269 100
101 1 0 13 350 0.345 62 0.408 87 2.133 101
102 663 240 0.361 86 0.437 69 2.0 1 1 102
103 423 161 0.379 92 0.462 73 1 .887 103
1 04 262 1 05 0.400 45 0.493 00 1 .758 1 04 Pensi,
105 157 68 0.436 18 0.537 29 1 .62 1 105 Sche�
106 89 41 0.459 94 0.599 08 1.518 1 06
107 48 23 0.483 89 0.637 85 1 .425 107
108 25 13 0.507 91 0.683 88 1 .338 108
1 09 12 6 0.53 1 90 0.73 1 9 1 1 .257 109
1 10 6 3 0.555 74 0.78 1 81 1 . 1 83 110
111 3 2 0.579 32 0.833 37 1 . 1 14 111
1 12 1 l 0.602 55 0.886 29 1 .050 1 12 Tim
Sui

71
f;:!1-� ..: .... 4·:
72
 I

AM92
ASSURED LIVES MORTALITY TABLE

AM92
PMA92
This table is based on the mortality of assured male lives in the DK during the PFA92
years 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994. Full details are given in C.UI.R. 17.

Due to potential rounding errors at high ages, the commutation functions

International
(D." N." S." C." Mx and Rx ) are tabulated here to age 1 10 only. Actuarial
Notation

S(MU)

S(ID)

Pension
Scheme

Time
Series

73
 AM92
x l[xl l[x-I]+1 l" X

17 9 997.809 l l O 000.000 O 17
18 9 99 1 .890 4 9 993.540 O 9 994.000 O 18
19 9 986.035 l 9 987.633 8 9 988.063 6 19
20 9 980.243 2 9 98 l .791 l 9 982.200 6 20
21 9 974.504 6 9 976.001 6 9 976.390 9 21
22 9 968.839 l 9 970.265 4 9 970.634 6 22
23 9 963. 196 7 9 964.582 4 9 964.93 1 3 23
24 9 957.577 5 9 958.922 5 9 959.261 3 24
25 9 95 1 .991 3 9 953.285 8 9 953.6 14 4 25
26 9 946.398 2 9 947.662 2 9 947.980 7 26
27 9 940.798 4 9 942.021 8 9 942.340 2 27
28 9 935.18 1 8 9 936.354 9 9 936.673 O 28
29 9 929.508 8 9 930.661 3 9 930.969 4 29
30 9 923.749 7 9 924.89 1 6 9 925.209 4 30
31 9 91 7.914 5 9 9 1 9.026 O 9 9 19.353 5 31
32 9 91 1 .953 8 9 91 3.054 7 9 91 3.382 l 32
33 9 905.828 2 9 906.928 5 9 907.265 5 33
34 9 899.498 4 9 900.607 8 9 900.964 5 34
35 9 892.91 5 l 9 894.053 6 9 894.429 9 35
36 9 886.039 5 9 887.206 9 9 887.6 1 2 6 36
37 9 878.8 1 2 8 9 880.028 8 9 880.454 O 37
38 9 87 1 . 1 66 5 9 872.450 8 9 872.895 4 38
39 9 863.D22 7 9 864.404 7 9 864.868 8 39
40 9 8 54.303 6 9 855.793 l 9 856.286 3 40
41 9 844.902 5 9 846.538 4 9 847.05 1 0 41
42 9 834.703 O 9 836.524 5 9 837.066 l 42
43 9 823.599 4 9 825.635 4 9 826.206 O 43
44 9 8 1 1 .447 3 9 8 1 3.746 3 9 8 14.335 9 44
45 9 798.083 7 9 800.693 9 9 80 1 .3 1 2 3 45
46 9 783.337 1 9 786.3 1 6 2 9 786.953 4 46
47 9 766.998 3 9 770.423 l 9 77 1.078 9 47
48 9 748.860 3 9 752.787 4 9 753.47 1 4 48
49 9 728.649 9 9 733. 1 93 8 9 733.886 5 49
50 9 706.097 7 9 71 1 .352 4 9 7 1 2.072 8 50
51 9 680.899 O 9 686.966 9 9 687.7 1 4 9 51
52 9 652.696 5 9 659.707 5 9 660.502 l 52
53 9 62 1 . 100 6 9 629.2 1 1 5 9 630.052 2 53
54 9 585.691 6 9 595.056 3 9 595.971 5 54
55 9 545.992 9 9 556.800 3 9 557.8 1 7 9 55
56 9 50 1 .483 9 9 5 13.937 5 9 5 15. 104 0 56
57 9 45 1.593 8 9 465.929 3 9 467.290 6 57
58 9 395.697 l 9 41 2. 1 7 1 2 9 41 3.800 4 58
59 9 333. 128 4 9 352.0 1 6 5 9 354.004 O 59
60 9 263. 142 2 9 284.764 1 9 287.2 1 6 4 60
61 9 1 84.968 7 9 209.656 8 9 2 12.7 1 4 3 61
62 9 097.740 5 9 125.881 8 9 129.7 1 7 O 62
63 9 000.588 4 9 032.564 2 9 037.397 3 63
64 8 892.574 1 8 928.8 1 7 7 8 934.877 1 64

74
 AM92
x l[x-Il+1 l,_ X
I[xl
65 8 772.735 9 8 8 13.688 l 8 82 1 .261 2 65
66 8 640.048 l 8 686.201 6 8 695.619 9 66
67 8 493.5 1 8 7 8 545.353 2 8 557.01 1 8 67
68 8 332. 139 6 8 390. 1 6 1 l 8 404.49 1 6 68
69 8 154.93 1 8 8 2 1 9.639 O 8 237. 1 32 9 69
70 7 960.977 6 8 032.860 6 8 054.054 4 70
71 7 749.465 9 7 828.968 6 7 854.450 8 71
72 7 5 1 9.702 7 7 607.240 O 7 637.620 8 72
73 7 27 1 . 146 1 7 367.082 8 7 403.008 4 73
74 7 003.52 1 6 7 108. 1 05 2 7 1 50.240 l 74
75 6 7 1 6.823 l 6 830. 1 84 4 6 879. 1 67 3 75
76 6 41 1 .345 9 6 533.500 8 6 589.925 8 76
77 6 087.808 4 6 21 8.575 9 6 282.980 3 77
78 5 747.362 4 5 886.362 8 5 959 . 1 68 O 78
79 5 391.640 O 5 538.279 l 5 6 1 9.757 7 79
80 5 022.793 l 5 1 76.222 4 5 266.460 4 80
. 81 4 643.5 1 2 9 4 802.629 O 4 90 1 .478 9 81
82 4 257.005 6 4 420.452 5 4 527.496 O 82
83 3 866.988 4 4 033.146 7 4 147.670 8 83
84 3 477.592 9 3 644.632 7 3 765.599 8 84 PMA92
85 3 093.286 3 3 259. 1 86 2 3 385.247 9 85 PFA92
86 2 7 1 8.712 8 2 88 1.346 7 3 0 10.839 5 86
87 2 358.529 9 2 5 1 5.73 1 0 2 646.74 1 6 87
88 2 01 7.229 8 2 166.880 5 2 297.297 6 88
89 l 698.908 9 l 839.045 8 l 966.649 9 89
90 1 407.055 O l 535.980 l 1 658.554 5 90
91 1 260.735 4 1 376.1 90 6 91 Intemation3
92 l 1 2 1.988 9 92 Actuarial
93 897.502 5 93
94 703.324 2 94 Notation
95 539.064 3 95
96 403.402 3 96
97 294.206 l 97
98 208.706 O 98
99 143 .71 2 O 99
100 95.847 6 1 00 S(MU)
101 6 1 .773 3 101
1 02 38.379 6 1 02
1 03 22.928 4 1 03
1 04 1 3 . 135 9 1 04
105 7 . 1 96 8 1 05
106 3.759 6 106
1 07 1 .866 9 107
1 08 0.878 4 108
109 0.390 3 1 09 S (ID )

1 10 0. 1 63 2 1 10
111 0.064 O 111
1 12 0.023 4 1 12
1 13 0.008 O 1 13
1 14 0.002 5 1 14
Peosion
1 15 0.000 7 1 15
1 16 0.000 2 1 16 Scheme
1 17 0.000 O 1 17
1 18 0.000 O 1 18
1 19 0.000 O 1 19
120 0.000 O 1 20

Time
Sel'ies

75
fIi:!:"ri.�""''':A .... 1
 AM92
x d[x] d[x-I]+I d, X

17 4.269 I 6.000 O 17
18 4.256 5 5.476 5 5.936 4 18
19 4.244 I 5.433 3 5.863 O 19
20 4.24 1 6 5.400 I 5.809 6 20
21 4.239 2 5.367 I 5.756 4 21
22 4.256 7 5.334 1 5.703 2 22
23 4.274 2 5.32 1 I 5.670 O 23
24 4.291 7 5.308 I 5.646 9 24
25 4.329 I 5.305 I 5.633 7 25
26 4.376 4 5.322 O 5.640 5 26
27 4.443 5 5.348 8 5.667 I 27
28 4.520 5 5.385 5 5.703 7 28
29 4.6 1 7 2 5.45 1 9 5.760 O 29
30 4.723 7 5.538 I 5.855 9 30
31 4.859 8 5.643 9 5.971 5 31
32 5.025 4 5.789 2 6. 1 1 6 6 32
33 5.220 4 5.964 O 6.30 1 0 33
34 5.444 7 6.178 O 6.534 6 34
35 5.708 2 6.44 1 0 6.8 1 7 3 35
36 6.0 1 0 7 6.753 O 7.1 58 6 36
37 6.362 O 7.133 4 7.558 5 37
38 6.761 7 7.582 O 8.026 7 38
39 7.229 6 8.1 1 8 4 8.582 4 39
40 7.765 2 8.742 I 9.235 3 40
41 8.378 O 9.472 4 9.984 9 41
42 9.067 6 10.3 1 8 5 1 0.860 l 42
43 9.853 I 1 1 .299 5 1 1.870 I 43
44 10.753 3 1 2.434 O 1 3.023 6 44
45 1 1.767 5 1 3.740 6 14.358 9 45
46 12.914 O 1 5 .237 3 1 5.874 4 46
47 14.2 1 1 O 1 6.95 1 7 17.607 5 47
48 15.666 4 1 8.900 9 1 9.585 O 48
49 17.297 5 2 1 .1 2 1 O 2 1 .8 13 6 49
50 1 9. 130 7 23.637 4 24.357 9 50
51 21.191 5 26.464 8 27.2 12 8 51
52 23.485 O 29.655 3 30.449 9 52
53 26.044 3 33.240 O 34.080 8 53
54 28.891 3 37.238 4 38.153 6 54
55 32.055 4 4 1 .696 3 42.713 9 55
56 35.554 6 46.646 8 47.8 1 3 4 56
57 39.422 6 52. 128 9 53.490 2 57
58 43.680 6 58. 1 67 2 59.796 5 58
59 48.364 3 64.800 I 66.787 6 59
60 53.485 4 72.049 8 74.502 O 60
61 59.086 9 79.939 8 82.997 3 61
62 65.1 76 2 88.484 6 92.3 19 7 62
63 71 .770 7 97.687 2 1 02.520 2 63
64 78.886 O 107.556 5 1 1 3.615 9 64

76
 AM92
x dix] d[x-l]+l d,_ X

65 86.534 3 1 1 8.068 2 1 25.64 1 2 65

66 94.694 9 129. 1 89 9 138.608 2 66
67 103.357 6 140.861 6 152.520 2 67
68 1 12.500 5 1 53.028 1 1 67.358 6 68
69 1 22.07 1 2 1 65.584 6 1 83.078 5 69
70 132.008 9 1 78.409 8 1 99.603 6 70
71 142.225 9 1 9 1.347 8 2 16.830 O 71
72 1 52.6 1 9 9 204.23 1 6 234.61 2 4 72
73 1 63.040 9 2 16.842 7 252.768 3 73
74 1 73.337 2 228.937 9 271 .072 8 74
75 1 83.322 3 240.258 6 289.241 5 75
76 1 92.769 9 250.520 6 306.945 6 76
77 201 .445 6 259.407 9 323.8 1 2 2 77
78 209.083 3 266.605 1 339.410 4 78
79 2 1 5.4 1 7 6 271.8 1 8 7 353.297 3 79
80 220.164 l 274.743 5 364.981 5 80
81 223.060 4 275.133 O 373.982 8 81
82 223.858 9 272.781 7 379.825 2 82
83 222.355 7 267.546 8 382.07 1 0 83
84 2 1 8.406 7 259.384 9 380.35 1 9 84
PMA92
85 2 1 1 .939 6 248.346 7 374.408 4 85
86 202.981 8 234.605 O 364.097 8 86 PFA92
87 1 9 1 .649 4 2 18.433 4 349.444 O 87
88 1 78. 1 83 9 200.230 6 330.647 8 88
89 1 62.928 8 1 80.49 1 3 308.095 4 89
90 146.3 1 9 7 1 59.789 5 282.363 9 90
91 138.746 4 254.201 7 91 Internanonal
92 224.486 4 92
93 1 94.178 3 93 Actuarial
94 1 64.260 O 94 Notanon
95 135.662 O 95
96 109. 1 96 2 96
97 85.500 1 97
98 64.994 O 98
99 47.864 4 99
100 34.074 3 1 00
101 23.393 7 101 S(MU)
102 1 5.45 1 2 102
1 03 9.792 5 103
1 04 5.939 I 104
105 3.437 3 105
106 1 .892 7 106
107 .988 5 107
108 .488 I 1 08
109 .227 1 1 09 S(ID)
1 10 .099 2 1 10
111 .040 5 III
112 .0 15 4 112
1 13 .005 5 1 13
1 14 .00 1 8 1 14
1 15 .000 5 115 Pension
116 .000 I 1 16 Sclieme
1 17 .000 O 1 17
1 18 .000 O 1 18
1 19 .000 O 1 19
1 20 .000 O 120

Time
Seties

77
; l
 AM92
x q[x] q[x-l]+1 qx X

17 .000 427 .000 600 17

18 .000426 .000 548 .000 594 18
19 .000 425 .000 544 .000 587 19
20 .000 425 .000 541 .000 582 20
21 .000 425 .000 538 .000 577 21
22 .000 427 .000 535 .000 572 22
23 .000 429 .000 534 .000 569 23
24 .000 43 1 .000 533 .000 567 24
25 .000 435 .000 533 .000 566 25
26 .000 440 .000 535 .000 567 26
27 .000447 .000 538 .000 570 27
28 .000 455 .000 542 .000 574 28
29 .000 465 .000 549 .000 580 29
30 .000 476 .000 558 .000 590 30
31 .000 490 .000 569 .000 602 31
32 .000 507 .000 584 .000 6 1 7 32
33 .000 527 .000 602 .000 636 33
34 .000 550 .000 624 .000 660 34
35 .000 577 .000 651 .000 689 35
36 .000 608 .000 683 .000 724 36
37 .000 644 .000 722 .000 765 37
38 .000 685 .000 768 .000 8 1 3 38
39 .000 733 .000 823 .000 870 39
40 .000 788 .000 887 .000 937 40
41 .000 851 .000 962 .00 1 014 41
42 .000 922 .00 1 049 .001 104 42
43 .001 003 .00 1 1 50 .001 208 43
44 .001 096 .00 1 267 .001 327 44
45 .00 1 201 .001 402 .001 465 45
46 .00 1 320 .001 557 .001 622 46
47 .001 455 .00 1 735 .001 802 47
48 .001 607 .00 1 938 .002 008 48
49 .001 778 .002 1 70 .002 24 1 49
50 .00 1 971 .002 434 .002 508 50
51 .002 1 89 .002 732 .002 809 51
52 .002 433 .003 070 .003 152 52
53 .002 707 .003 452 .003 539 53
54 .003 014 .003 881 .003 976 54
55 .003 358 .004 363 .004 469 55
56 .003 742 .004 903 .005 025 56
57 .004 1 7 1 .005 507 .005 650 57
58 .004 649 .006 1 80 .006 352 58
59 .005 1 82 .006 929 .007 140 59
60 .005 774 .007 760 .008 022 60
61 .006 433 .008 680 .009 009 61
62 .007 1 64 .009 696 .010 1 1 2 62
63 .007 974 .01 0 8 1 5 .01 1 344 63
64 .008 871 .012 046 .012 7 1 6 64

78
 AM92
x q[x] q[x-l]+l qx x
65 .009 864 .013 396 .014 243 65
66 .010 960 .014 873 .015 940 66
67 .01 2 1 69 .0 1 6 484 . 0 1 7 824 67
68 .0l3 502 .018 239 .01 9 9 l 3 68
69 .014 969 .020 145 .022 226 69
70 .01 6 582 .022 2 1 0 .024 783 70
71 .0 1 8 353 .024 441 .027 606 71
72 .020 296 .026 847 .030 7 1 8 72
73 .022 423 .029 434 .034 144 73
74 .024 750 .032 208 .037 9 1 1 74
75 .027 293 .035 1 76 .042 046 75
76 .030 067 .038 344 .046 578 76
77 .033 090 .041 7 1 5 .05 1 538 77
78 .036 379 .045 292 .056 956 78
79 .039 954 .049 080 .062 867 79
80 .043 833 .053 078 .069 303 80
81 .048 037 .057 288 .076 300 81
82 .052 586 .06 1 709 .083 893 82
83 .057 501 .066 337 .092 1 17 83
84 .062 804 .07 1 1 69 . 10 1 007 84
PMA
85 .068 5 1 6 .076 1 99 . 1 1 0 600 85
86 .074 661 .08 1 422 . 120 929 86 PFA9
87 .08 1 258 .086 827 . 1 32 028 87
88 .088 3 3 1 .092 405 . 143 929 88
89 .095 902 .098 144 . 156 660 89
90 . 103 990 . 1 04 03 1 . 1 70 247 90
91 . 1 10 052 . 184 7 1 4 91 Internat
92 .200 079 92
93 .2 16 354 93 Actuaril
94 .233 548 94 NotatiOl
95 .25 1 662 95
96 .270 688 96
97 .290 6 1 3 97
98 .3 1 1 4 1 4 98
99 .333 058 99
100 .355 505 100
101 .378 702 101 8(Ml
102 .402 588 102
103 .427 090 103
104 .452 127 104
105 .477 608 105
106 .503 432 106
107 .529 493 107
108 .555 674 108
109 .581 857 109 8(1 1l
1 10 .607 9 1 8 1 10
111 .633 73 1 111
112 .659 1 7 1 1 12
1 13 .684 1 14 1 13
1 14 .708 442 1 14
1 15 .732 042 1 15 Pensi
1 16 .754 809 1 16 8cher
1 17 .776 648 1 17
1 18 .797 477 1 18
1 19 .817 225 1 19
1 20 1 .000 000 1 20

Tim
Se1'Ì

79
 AM92
x fl[x-l]+l Ilx X
fl[x]
17 0.000 367 0.000 603 17
18 0.000 367 0.000 488 0.000 597 18
19 0.000 367 0.000 485 0.000 591 19
20 0.000 369 0.000 483 0.000 585 20
21 0.000 370 0.000 482 0.000 580 21
22 0.000 374 0.000 480 0.000 574 22
23 0.000 377 0.000 48 1 0.000 570 23
24 0.000 380 0.000 481 0.000 568 24
25 0.000 385 0.000482 0.000 566 25
26 0.000 391 0.000 485 0.000 566 26
27 0.000 400 0.000 489 0.000 568 27
28 0.000408 0.000 495 0.000 572 28
29 0.000 4 1 9 0.000 502 0.000 577 29
30 0.000 430 0.000 5 1 2 0.000 585 30
31 0.000 443 0.000 523 0.000 596 31
32 0.000460 0.000 537 0.000 609 32
33 0.000 479 0.000 555 0.000 626 33
34 0.000 500 0.000 576 0.000 647 34
35 0.000 524 0.000 601 0.000 674 35
36 0.000 551 0.000 630 0.000 706 36
37 0.000 582 0.000 665 0.000 744 37
38 0.000 6 1 6 0.000 706 0.000 788 38
39 0.000 656 0.000 754 0.000 840 39
40 0.000 701 0.000 8 1 0 0.000 902 40
41 0.000 752 0.000 875 0.000 974 41
42 0.000 808 0.000 950 0.001 057 42
43 0.000 871 0.00 1 037 0.001 1 54 43
44 0.000 943 0.001 136 0.00 1 265 44
45 0.001 023 0.001 250 0.001 394 45
46 0.001 1 13 0.001 380 0.00 1 541 46
47 0.00 1 2 14 0.001 529 0.001 709 47
48 0.00 1 326 0.00 1 698 0.001 902 48
49 0.00 1 451 0.001 890 0.002 1 22 49
50 0.001 592 0.002 108 0.002 372 50
51 0.001 750 0.002 354 0.002 656 51 '
52 0.00 1 925 0.002 633 0.002 978 52
53 0.002 1 22 0.002 947 0.003 343 53
54 0.002 342 0.003 300 0.003 756 54
55 0.002 588 0.003 696 0.004 221 55
56 0.002 862 0.004 139 0.004 747 56
57 0.003 1 70 0.004 636 0.005 340 57
58 0.003 5 1 3 0.005 1 89 0.006 005 58
59 0.003 898 0.005 806 0.006 754 59
60 0.004 327 0.006 493 0.007 593 60
61 0.004 809 0.007 254 0.008 533 61
62 0.005 348 0.008 099 0.009 586 62
63 0.005 949 0.009 032 omo 763 63
64 0.006 623 omo 063 0.012 078 64

80
 AM92
x I1x X
Il [x] l1[x-1]+1
65 0.007 377 0.01 1 1 99 0.01 3 544 65
66 0.008 220 0.01 2 449 0.0 1 5 1 76 66
67 0.009 1 62 0.013 821 0.01 6 993 67
68 0.0 1 0 2 1 6 0.01 5 326 0.0 1 9 0 1 2 68
69 0.01 1 393 0.01 6 972 0.02 1 255 69
70 0.0 12 709 0.01 8 77 1 0.023 741 70
71 0.014 1 78 0.D20 733 0.026 496 71
72 0.015 8 1 9 0.022 869 0.029 543 72
73 0.0 1 7 648 0.025 1 90 0.032 9 1 2 73
74 0.0 1 9 687 0.027 708 0.036 631 74
75 0.02 1 959 0.030 436 0.040 732 75
76 0.024 487 0.033 385 0.045 251 76
77 0.027 300 0.036 569 0.050 223 77
78 0.030 423 0.040 000 0.055 689 78
79' 0.033 892 0.043 691 0.061 689 79
80 0.037 737 0.047 656 0.068 271 80
81 0.041 996 0.05 1 909 0.075 481 81
82 0.046 709 0.056 462 0.083 372 82 PMA92
83 0.05 1 9 1 6 0.061 329 0.09 1 999 83
84 0.057 665 0.066 524 0.101 417 84 PFA92

85 0.064000 0.072 061 0.1 1 1 691 85

86 0.070 978 0.077 952 0.122 884 86
87 0.078 646 0.084 2 1 3 0.135 066 87
88 0.087 067 0.090 853 0. 148 309 88
89 0.096 302 0.097 889 0. 1 62 691 89 Intemational
90 0 . 1 06 409 0.105 333 0 . 1 78 289 90 Actuarial
91 0. 1 13 1 98 0. 1 95 190 91 Notation
92 0.2 1 3 482 92
93 0.233 257 93
94 0.254 6 1 0 94
95 0.277 645 95
96 0.302 462 96
97 0.329 1 70 97
98 0.357 882 98 S(MU)
99 0.388 7 1 1 99
100 0.42 1 777 100
101 0.457 202 101
102 0.495 1 1 1 102
103 0.535 63 1 1 03
1 04 0.578 890 1 04
S(ID)
105 0.625 023 105
106 0.674 1 62 106
1 07 0.726 443 107
108 0.782 002 108
1 09 0.840 973 1 09
110 0.903 494 l IO Pension
III 0.969 700 111
1 12 1 .039 723 l I2 Scheme
1 13 I . l I3 695 1 13
1 14 1 . 1 9 1 744 1 14
1 15 1 .274 000 1 15
1 16 1 .360 5 8 1 1 16
1 17 1 .45 1 603 1 17
1 18 1 .547 1 78 118 Time
119 1.647 4 1 7 1 19 Sel'ies
120 2.000 000 1 20

81
QI'ni.::...4-:ri .... l
 AM92
x I1xl I1x-l l+1 e, x
17 6 1 .353 6 1 .339 17
18 60.389 60.379 60.376 18
19 59.424 59.414 59.41 2 19
20 58.458 58.449 58.447 20
21 57.492 57.483 57.481 21
22 56.524 56.5 1 6 56.5 14 22
23 55.556 55.548 55.546 23
24 54.587 54.580 54.578 24
25 53.6 1 8 53.6 1 1 53.609 25
26 52.648 52.641 52.639 26
27 5 1 .677 5 1 .67 1 5 1 .669 27
28 50.706 50.700 50.699 28
29 49.735 49.729 49.728 29
30 48.764 48.758 48.757 30
31 47.792 47.787 47.785 31
32 46.821 46.816 46.81 4 32
33 45.850 45.845 45.843 33
34 44.879 44.874 44.872 34
35 43.909 43.904 43.902 35
36 42.939 42.934 42.932 36
37 4 1.970 4 1.965 4 1.963 37
38 4 1.003 40.997 40.995 38
39 40.036 40.03 1 40.029 39
40 39.071 39.066 39.064 40
41 38. 1 08 38. 1 02 38. 1 00 41
42 37. 1 48 37. 141 37.139 42
43 36. 189 36. 1 82 36. 1 80 43
44 35.234 35.226 35.224 44
45 34.282 34.273 34.271 45
46 33.333 33.323 33.32 1 46
47 32.388 32.377 32.375 47
48 3 1 .448 3 1 .436 3 1 .433 48
49 30.5 1 3 30.499 30.497 49
50 29.583 29.567 29.565 50
51 28.660 28.642 28.639 51
52 27.742 27.722 27.720 52
53 26.833 26.81 0 26.808 53
54 25.93 1 25.905 25.903 54
55 25.037 25.009 25.006 55
56 24. 1 53 24.122 24.1 19 56
57 23.279 23.244 23.240 57
58 22.415 22.376 22.373 58
59 2 1 .563 2 1 .520 2 1 .5 1 6 59
60 20.724 20.676 20.670 60
61 1 9.897 19.844 1 9.837 61
62 1 9.084 1 9.026 1 9.01 8 62
63 1 8.286 18.222 18.212 . 63
64 1 7.503 1 7.433 1 7.421 64

82
, I

AM92
x e[x] lj:x-ll+1 ey x
65 1 6.736 16.660 16.645 65
66 1 5.987 1 5 .903 15.886 66
67 1 5.255 1 5 . 164 1 5 .143 67
68 14.541 14.443 14.4 1 8 68
69 1 3.847 1 3.740 13.71 1 69
70 1 3 . 1 72 1 3.057 13.023 70
71 12.5 1 7 12.394 12.354 71
72 1 1 .883 1 1 .75 1 1 1 .704 72
73 1 1 .270 1 1 . 129 1 1 .075 73
74 1 0.679 1 0.529 10.467 74
75 1 0. 1 1 0 9.950 9.879 75
76 9.562 9.393 9.3 13 76
77 9.037 8.859 8.768 77
78 8.534 8.346 8.244 78
79 8.053 7.856 7.742 79
80 7.594 7.388 7.261 80
81 7.157 6.942 6.802 81
82 6.741 6.5 1 8 6.364 82
83 6.347 6. 1 1 6 5.947 83
84 5.974 5.734 5.550 84
PMA\
85 5.620 5.374 5 . 1 74 85
86 5.287 5.034 4.8 1 7 86 PFA9:
87 4.972 4.7 13 4.480 87
88 4.676 4.412 4. 1 6 1 88
89 4.397 4. 129 3.861 89
90 4.136 3.864 3.578 90
91 3.616 3.3 12 91 Internati
92 3.063 92
93 2.829 93 Actual"Ìa
94 2.610 94 Notatioll
95 2.405 95
96 2.2 14 96
97 2.035 97
98 1 .869 98
99 1.715 99
1 00 1 .571 1 00
101 1.437 101 S(M l
102 1 .3 14 1 02
103 1 . 1 99 1 03
104 1 .093 1 04 i

il
1 05 0.994 1 05
106 0.904 1 06
1 07 0.820 107
108 0.743 1 08
1 09 0.672 1 09 S(1 D
1 10 0.606 1 10
111 0.546 111
1 12 0.491 1 12
1 13 0.440 1 13
1 14 0.394 1 14
1 15 0.352 1 15 Pensi<
1 16 0.3 1 3 1 16 Schen
1 17 0.277 1 17
1 18 0.240 1 18
1 19 0. 1 83 1 19
120 0.000 120

Timi
Seri!

83
�tQt�ct;,
 AM92
4% x Dx X
Drx] Drx-1]+1
17 5 132.61 5 133.73 17
18 4 932.28 4 933.09 4 933.32 18
19 4 739.80 4 740.55 4 740.76 19
20 4 554.85 4 555.56 4 555.75 20
21 4 377. 1 5 4 377.80 4 377.98 21
22 4 206.41 4 207.01 4 207. 1 6 22
23 4 042.33 4 042.89 4 043.04 23
24 3 884.66 3 885. 19 3 885.32 24
25 3 733.16 3 733.64 3 733.77 25
26 3 587.56 3 588.01 3 588. 1 3 26
27 3 447.63 3 448.06 3 448. 1 7 27
28 3 3 13.16 3 31 3.55 3 3 1 3.66 28
29 3 1 83.91 3 1 84.28 3 1 84.38 29
30 3 059.68 3 060.03 3 060. 13 30
31 2 940.27 2 940.60 2 940.69 31
32 2 825.48 2 825.79 2 825.89 32
33 2 71 5 . 1 3 2 7 1 5.43 2 71 5.52 '33
34 2 609.03 2 609.33 2 609.42 34
35 2 507.02 2 507.31 2 507.40 35
36 2 408.92 2 409.20 2 409.30 36
37 2 3 1 4.57 2 3 14.86 2 3 14.96 37
38 2 223.83 2 224.1 2 2 224.22 38
39 2 136.53 2 136.83 2 136.93 39
40 2 052.54 2 052.85 2 052.96 40
41 1 971 .72 1 972.04 l 972. 1 5 41
42 l 893.92 1 894.27 1 894.37 42
43 1 8 1 9.02 1 8 1 9.40 1 8 1 9.50 43
44 1 746.89 1 747.30 1 747.41 44
45 1 677.42 1 677.86 1 677.97 45
46 l 6 10.47 1 6 10.96 1 6 1 1 .07 46
47 1 545.95 1 546.49 1 546.59 47
48 1 483.73 1 484.32 1 484.43 48
49 1 423.70 1424.37 1 424.47 49
50 1 365.77 1 366.5 1 1 366.6 1 50
51 1 309.83 1 3 1 0.65 1 3 1 0.75 51
52 1 255.78 1 256.70 1 256.80 52
53 l 203.53 1 204.55 1 204.65 53
54 1 152.98 1 1 54. 1 1 1 154.22 54
55 1 104.05 1 1 05.30 1 1 05.41 55
56 1 056.63 1 058.02 l 058. 1 5 56
57 1 01 0.66 1 01 2 . 1 9 1 0 12.34 57
58 966.04 967.73 967.90 58
59 922.70 924.57 924.76 59
60 880.56 882.61 882.85 60
61 839.55 841 .80 842.08 61
62 799.59 802.06 802.40 62
63 760.62 763.33 763.74 63
64 722.59 725.54 726.03 64

84
, /

AM92
x I1x] I1x-l]+l D,. X 4%
65 685.44 688.64 689.23 65
66 649. 1 1 652.57 653.28 66
67 61 3.56 6 17.30 6 1 8. 14 67
68 578.75 582.78 583.77 68
69 544.65 548.97 550. 14 69

70 51 1 .25 5 15.87 5 17.23 70

7l 478.53 483.43 485.01 71
72 446.48 45 1 .68 453.48 72
73 41 5 . 12 420.59 422.64 73
74 384.46 390.20 392.51 74
75 354.54 360.52 363 . 1 1 75
76 325.40 33 1 .60 334.46 76
77 297.09 303.48 306.62 77
78 269.69 276.21 279.63 78
79 243.27 249.89 253.56 79
80 2 17.91 224.57 228.48 80
81 1 93.7 1 200.35 204.47 81
82 170.75 177.31 1 8 1 .60 82 PMA92
83 149. 1 4 1 55.55 159.97 83 PFA92
84 128.97 135. 16 1 39.65 84
85 1 1 0.30 1 16.22 120.71 85
86 93.22 98.79 103.23 86
87 77.76 82.94 87.26 87
88 63.95 68.69 72.83 88 International
89 5 1 .78 56.06 59.95 89
Actuarial
90 4 1 .24 45.02 48.61 90 Notation
91 35.53 38.78 91
92 30.40 92
93 23.38 93
94 1 7.62 94
95 12.99 95
96 9.34 96
97 6.55 97 S(MU)
98 4.47 98
99 2.96 99
100 1 .90 1 00
101 1 . 18 101
102 .70 1 02
1 03 .40 103
104 .22 1 04 S(ID)
105 . 12 105
1 06 .06 106
107 .03 107
108 .01 108
109 .01 109
Pension
I lO .00 1 10
Scheme

Time
Series

85
 AM92
4% x N[x] N[x-I]+l Nx X

17 1 19 958.58 1 19 959.94 17
18 1 14 824.96 1 14 825.98 1 14 826.20 18
19 1 09 891 .73 1 09 892.68 109 892.88 19

20 105 1 5 1 .06 1 05 1 5 1 .94 1 05 1 52.1 3 20

21 100 595.40 100 596.21 1 00 596.38 21
22 96 2 1 7.50 96 2 1 8.25 96 2 1 8.40 22
23 92 010.40 92 0 1 1 . 10 92 0 1 1 .24 23
24 87 967.43 87 968.07 87 968.21 24
25 84 082. 1 6 84 082.76 84 082.88 25
26 80 348.43 80 349.00 80 349. 1 2 26
27 76 760.35 76 760.88 76 760.99 27
28 73 312.22 73 3 12.71 73 3 12.82 28
29 69 998.60 69 999.06 69 999. 1 6 29

30 66 814.23 66 8 14.68 66 8 14.78 30

31 63 754. 1 3 63 754.56 63 754.65 31
32 60 8 13.46 60 813.87 60 8 13.96 32
33 57 987.58 57 987.98 57 988.07 33
34 55 272.07 55 272.45 55 272.55 34

35 52 662.65 52 663.03 52 663.13 35

36 50 1 55.24 50 155.63 50 1 55.73 36
37 47 745.94 47 746.33 47 746.43 37
38 45 430.98 45 43 1 .37 45 43 1 .47 38
39 43 206.74 43 207.15 43 207.25 39
40 4 1 069.80 4 1 070.21 4 1 070.31 40
41 39 01 6.82 39 0 1 7.25 39 0 17.36 41
42 37 044.65 37 045.10 37 045.21 42
43 35 150.25 35 150.73 35 150.84 43
44 33 330.72 33 33 1 .23 33 33 1 .34 44
45 3 1 583.27 3 1 583.82 3 1 583.93 45
46 29 905.26 29 905.86 29 905.96 46
47 28 294.14 28 294.79 28 294.89 47
48 26 747.50 26 748.20 26 748.30 48
49 25 263.01 25 263.77 25 263.87 49

50 23 838.46 23 839.30 23 839.41 50

51 22 471 .77 22 472.69 22 472.79 51
52 21 1 60.92 21 1 6 1 .94 2 1 1 62.04 52
53 1 9 904.01 1 9 905.14 1 9 905.24 53
54 1 8 699.23 18 700.48 1 8 700.59 54
55 1 7 544.87 17 546.25 1 7 546.37 55
56 1 6 439.29 1 6 440.82 1 6 440.95 56
57 1 5 380.96 15 382.66 1 5 382.81 57
58 1 4 368.41 14 370.30 14 37D.47 58
59 13 400.27 13 402.37 13 402.57 59
60 1 2 475.24 12 477.57 12 477.80 60
61 I I 592.08 1 1 594.68 1 1 594.96 61
62 lO 749.66 IO 752.54 lO 752.88 62
63 9 946.87 9 950.07 9 950.48 63
64 9 1 82.71 9 1 86.25 9 1 86.74 64

86
 AM92
x N[xl N[x-ll+1 N" X 4%
65 8 456.21 8 460. 12 8 460.71 65
66 7 766.46 7 770.77 7 77 1.48 66
67 7 1 12.62 7 1 1 7.36 7 1 1 8.20 67
68 6 493.86 6 499.06 6 500.06 68
69 5 909.43 5 915.12 5 916.29 69

70 5 358.59 5 364.78 5 366. 1 4 70

71 4 840.63 4 847.34 4 848.92 71
72 4 354.86 4 362. 1 0 4 363.91 72
73 3 900.59 3 908.38 3 910A3 73
74 3 477. 14 3 485.47 3 487.78 74
75 3 083.84 3 092.69 3 095.27 75
76 2 7 1 9.96 2 729.30 2 732. 16 76
77 2 384.76 2 394.56 2 397.70 77
78 2 077.47 2 087.67 2 091 .08 78
79 1 797.25 1 807.78 1 8 1 1 .45 79
80 1 543.20 1 553.98 l 557.89 80
81 l 3 14.35 l 325.29 1 329.41 81
82 l 1 09.67 l 120.65 l 1 24.94 82 PMA92
83 928.03 938.92 943.34 83 PFA92
84 768.1 9 778.88 783.37 84

85 628.87 639.22 643.72 85

86 508.67 5 18.57 523.01 86
87 406. 1 4 415.45 4 19.77 87
88 3 1 9.75 328.38 332.51 88 International
89 247.93 255.80 259.69 89
Actuarial
90 189.12 1 96.15 1 99.74 90 Notation
91 147.88 151.13 91
92 1 12.35 92
93 8 1 .95 93
94 58.56 94
95 40.94 95
96 27.95 96
97 1 8.61 97 S(MU)
98 12.06 98
99 7.59 99
100 4.63 100
101 2.73 101
102 1 .55 102
103 .85 1 03
104 .45 1 04 S(ID)
105 .23 105
1 06 .11 106
107 .05 107
108 .02 108
109 .01 109
Pension
1 10 .00 1 10 Scheme

Time
Series

87
 AM92
4% x s[x] S[x-l]+1 sr x
17 2 398 085.62 2 398 087.20 17
18 2 278 1 25.81 2 278 127,03 2 278 1 27.26 18
19 2 1 63 299.72 2 1 63 300.85 2 1 63 301 .06 19
20 2 053 406.94 2 053 407.99 2 053 408 . 1 7 20
21 1 948 254.91 1 948 255.88 1 948 256.05 21
22 1 847 658.63 1 847 659.51 1 847 659.67 22
23 1 7 5 1 440.30 1 75 1 44 1 . 1 2 1 751 441.27 23
24 1 659 429 . 1 2 1 659 429.89 1 659 430.03 24
25 1 571 460.98 1 57 1 461 .70 1 57 1 461 .82 25
26 1 487 378. 1 4 1 487 378.82 1 487 378.94 26
27 1 407 029.07 1 407 029.71 1 407 029.82 27
28 1 330 268.14 1 330 268.73 1 330 268.83 28
29 1 256 955.35 1 256 955.92 1 256 956.02 29
30 1 1 86 956.2 1 1 1 86 956.76 1 1 86 956.85 30
31 1 1 20 141.46 1 1 20 1 4 1 .98 1 120 142.07 31
32 1 056 386.83 1 056 387.32 1 056 387.42 32
33 995 572.87 995 573.36 995 573.46 33
34 937 584.81 937 585.29 937 585.38 34

35 882 3 1 2.25 882 3 12.74 882 3 12.84 35

36 829 649. 1 2 829 649.61 829 649.71 36
37 779 493.40 779 493.88 779 493.98 37
38 73 1 746.96 731 747.45 731 747.56 38
39 686 3 1 5.48 686 3 1 5.99 686 3 1 6.09 39
40 643 1 08.22 643 1 08.74 643 1 08.84 40
41 602 037.89 602 038.43 602 038.53 41
42 563 020.51 563 02 1 .07 563 02 1 . 1 7 42
43 525 975.27 525 975.86 525 975.96 43
44 490 824.40 490 825.02 490 825.13 44
45 457 493.03 457 493.69 457 493.79 45
46 425 909.06 425 909.76 425 909.86 46
47 396 003.05 396 003.80 396 003.90 47
48 367 708. 1 1 367 708.91 367 709.01 48
49 340 959.74 340 960.61 340 960.71 49
50 3 1 5 695.79 3 1 5 696.73 3 1 5 696.84 50
51 2 9 1 856.30 2 9 1 857.33 2 9 1 857.43 51
52 269 383.41 269 384.53 269 384.64 52
53 248 221 .26 248 222.49 248 222.60 53
54 228 3 15.88 228 3 1 7.24 228 3 1 7.35 54
55 209 6 1 5 . 14 209 6 1 6.65 209 6 1 6.77 55
56 1 92 068.59 1 92 070.27 192 070.40 56
57 1 75 627.43 1 75 629.30 1 75 629.44 57
58 1 60 244.38 1 60 246.47 160 246.64 58
59 145 873.64 145 875.97 145 876. 1 7 59
60 132 470.75 1 32 473.37 132 473.60 60
61 1 1 9 992.59 1 19 995.52 1 1 9 995.80 61
62 1 08 397.21 1 08 400.50 1 08 400.84 62
63 97 643.87 97 647.55 97 647.96 63
64 87 692.86 87 696.99 87 697.49 64

88
 AM92
x s[..] S[..-I]+1 Sr x 4%
65 78 505.54 78 5 10.15 78 5 1 0.74 65
66 70 044. 17 70 049.32 70 050.03 66
67 62 271 .97 62 277.71 62 278.55 67
68 55 152.99 55 159.35 55 160.35 68
69 48 652.08 48 659 . 1 2 48 660.29 69

70 42 734.88 42 742.64 42 744.01 70

71 37 367.77 37 376.29 37 377.86 71
72 32 5 1 7.84 32 527. 14 32 528.95 72
73 28 152.89 28 162.99 28 165.04 73
74 24 24 1 .39 24 252.30 24 254.61 74

75 20 752.53 20 764.24 20 766.83 75

76 17 656.21 1 7 668.69 1 7 671.56 76
77 1 4 923.03 14 936.25 14 939.39 77
78 12 524.40 12 538.27 1 2 541 .69 78
79 lO 432.48 lO 446.93 lO 450.60 79

80 8 620.33 8 635.24 8 639. 1 5 80

81 7 06 1 . 9 1 7 077. 14 7 08 1 .26 81
82 5 732. 1 7 5 747.56 5 75 1 .85 82 PMA92
83 4 607. 1 1 4 622.49 4 626.9 1 83
84 3 663.90 3 679.09 3 683.57 84 PFA92

85 2 880.92 2 895.7 1 2 900.21 85

86 2 237.83 2 252.05 2 256.49 86
87 1 7 15.71 1 729. 1 6 1 733.48 87
88 1 297.05 1 309.57 1 3 1 3.71 88
89 965.85 977.30 98 1 . 1 9 89 Infernational
Actuarial
90 707.63 7 17.91 72 1 . 5 1 90 Notation
91 5 1 8.51 52 1 .76 91
92 370.63 92
93 258.28 93
94 1 76.34 94

95 1 1 7.78 95
96 76.84 96
97 48.88 97 S(MU)
98 30.28 98
99 1 8.22 99
100 1 0.63 1 00
101 6.00 101
102 3.27 1 02
103 1 .72 103
1 04 .87 1 04 S(ID)
1 05 .42 105
1 06 .19 106
1 07 .09 107
108 .04 1 08
109 .01 1 09
Pension
1 10 .01 1 10
Scheme

Time
Series

89
 AM92
4% x Crxl Crx-ll+1 c., X

17 2.1 1 2.96 17
18 2.02 2.60 2.82 18
19 1 .94 2.48 2.68 19
20 1 .86 2.37 2.55 20
21 1 .79 2.26 2.43 21
22 1 .73 2. 1 6 2.3 1 22
23 1 .67 2.08 2.21 23
24 1.61 1 .99 2. 1 2 24
25 1 .56 1.91 2.03 25
26 1 .52 1 .85 1.96 26
27 1 .48 1 .78 1 .89 27
28 1 .45 1.73 1 .83 28
29 1 .42 1 .68 1 .78 29
30 1 040 1 .64 1 .74 30
31 1 .39 1.61 1 .70 31
32 1 .38 1.59 1 .68 32
33 1 .38 1 .57 1 .66 33
34 1 .38 1 .57 1 .66 34
35 1 .39 1 .57 1 .66 35
36 1 04 1 1 .58 1.68 36
37 1 .43 1 .6 1 1 .70 37
38 1 .46 1 .64 1 .74 38
39 1 .5 1 1 .69 1.79 39
40 1 .56 1 .75 1 .85 40
41 1 .6 1 1 .82 1 .92 41
42 1 .68 1.91 2.01 42
43 1 .75 2.01 2. 1 1 43
44 1 .84 2. 1 3 2.23 44
45 1 .94 2.26 2.36 45
46 2.04 2041 2.51 46
47 2.16 2.58 2.68 47
48 2.29 2.77 2.87 48
49 2043 2.97 3.07 49
50 2.59 3.20 3.30 50
51 2.76 3.44 3.54 51
52 2.94 3.71 3.81 52
53 3.13 4.00 4.1 0 53
54 3.34 4.3 1 4041 54
55 3.56 4.64 4.75 55
56 3.80 4.99 5.1 1 56
57 4.05 5.36 5.50 57
58 4.32 5.75 5.91 58
59 4.60 6.1 6 6.35 59
60 4.89 6.59 6.8 1 60
61 5.19 7.03 7.29 61
62 5.5 1 7048 7.80 62
63 5.83 7.94 8.33 63
64 6. 1 6 8.40 8.88 64

90
 AM92
x qxj qx-lj+l Cr x 4%
65 6.50 8.87 9.44 65
66 6.84 9.33 10.01 66
67 7.18 9.78 10.59 67
68 7.5 1 10.22 1 1.18 68
69 7.84 10.63 1 1.76 69

70 8. 1 5 1 1 .02 12.33 70
71 8.44 1 1 .36 12.87 71
72 8.71 1 1.66 13.39 72
73 8.95 1 1.90 13.88 73
74 9. 1 5 12.08 14.3 1 74

75 9.30 12.19 14.68 75

76 9.41 12.23 14.98 76
77 9.45 )2. 1 7 15.19 77
78 9.43 12.03 1 5.3 1 78
79 9.35 1 1.79 15.33 79

80 9. 1 8 1 1.46 15.23 80
81 8.95 1 1 .04 15.00 81
82 8.63 10.52 14.65 82 PMA92
83 8.25 9.92 14. 1 7 83 PFA92
84 7.79 9.25 13.56 84

85 7.27 8.52 12.84 85

86 6.69 7.73 12.00 86
87 6.08 6.92 1 1 .08 87
88 5.43 6. 1 0 10.08 88 International
89 4.78 5.29 9.03 89
Actuarial
90 4. 1 2 4.50 7.96 90 Notation
91 3.76 6.89 91
92 5.85 92
93 4.86 93
94 3.96 94

95 3.14 95
96 2.43 96
97 1 .83 97 S(MU)
98 1 .34 98
99 .95 99

100 .65 1 00
101 .43 101
102 .27 102
103 .17 103
104 .10 1 04 S(ID)
105 .05 105
106 .03 106
107 .01 107
108 .01 108
109 .00 1 09
Pension
1 10 .00 1 10 Scheme

Time
Series

91
 AM92
4% x M[x] M[x-l]+l Mx X

17 5 1 8.82 5 19.89 17
18 5 1 5.93 5 1 6.71 5 16.93 18
19 513.19 5 1 3.91 5 1 4. 1 1 19
20 5 1 0.58 5 1 1.25 5 1 1 .43 20
21 508.09 508.72 508.88 21
22 505.73 506.31 506.46 22
23 503.47 504.01 504.1 4 23
24 501.30 501 .80 501.93 24
25 499.23 499.69 499.8 1 25
26 497.23 497.67 497.78 26
27 495.31 495.72 495.82 27
28 493.46 493.83 493.93 28
29 49 1 .66 492.01 492 . 1 0 29
30 489.90 490.23 490.33 30
31 488 . 1 9 488.50 488.59 31
32 486.50 486.80 486.89 32
33 484.84 485. 1 2 485.2 1 33
34 483 . 1 8 483.46 483.55 34
35 481 .53 481.80 481 .90 35
36 479.87 480. 14 480.24 36
37 478. 1 9 478.46 478.56 37
38 476.48 476.76 476.86 38
39 474.74 475.02 475 . 1 2 39
40 472.94 473.23 473.33 40
41 471 .07 471 .38 471.48 41
42 469. 1 2 469.46 469.56 42
43 467.09 467.44 467.55 43
44 464.94 465.33 465.43 44
45 462.68 463.10 463.20 45
46 460.27 460.74 460.84 46
47 457.71 458.23 458.33 47
48 454.98 455.55 455.65 48
49 452.05 452.68 452.78 49
50 448.91 449.61 449.7 1 50
51 445.53 446.32 446.42 51
52 441 .90 442.78 442.88 52
53 437.99 438.96 439.07 53
54 433.78 434.86 434.97 54
55 429.24 430.44 430.55 55
56 424.35 425.68 425.80 56
57 4 1 9.08 420.55 420.69 57
58 4 13.41 4 15.03 415.19 58
59 407.30 409.09 409.28 59
60 400.74 402.71 402.93 60
61 393.70 395.85 396. 12 61
62 386. 1 4 388.50 388.83 62
63 378.05 38Q.63 3 8 1.02 63
64 369.41 372.22 372.69 64

92
 AM92
x M[xl M[x-l1+l lvI,. X 4%
65 360.20 363.25 363.82 65
66 350.40 353.70 354.38 66
67 339.99 343.56 344.37 67
68 328.98 332.8 1 333.77 68
69 3 17.37 321 .47 322.59 69

70 305.1 5 309.53 3 10.84 70

71 292.35 297.00 298.51 71
72 278.98 . 283.90 285.64 72
73 265.09 270.27 272.24 73
74 250.72 256.1 4 258.37 74

75 235.93 241 .57 244.06 75

76 220.78 226.63 229.38 76
77 205.37 2 1 1 .38 2 14.40 77
78 1 89.79 1 95.92 1 99.20 78
79 1 74.14 1 80.36 1 83.89 79

80 158.56 1 64.80 1 68.56 80

81 1 43.16 149.37 1 53.34 81
82 128.07 134.21 138.34 82 PMA92
83 1 13.45 1 1 9.44 1 23.69 83 PFA92
84 99.42 1 05.20 1 09.52 84

85 86. 12 9 1 .63 95.96 85

86 73.65 78.85 83. 12 86
87 62. 14 66.96 71.11 87
88 5 1 .65 56.06 60.04 88 Intemational
89 42.25 46.22 49.96 89
Actuarial
90 33.97 37.47 40.93 90 Notation
91 29.84 32.97 91
92 26.08 92
93 20.23 93
94 15.37 94

95 1 1 .4 1 95
96 8.27 96
97 5.84 97 S(MU)
98 4.01 98
99 2.67 99

100 1 .72 1 00
101 1 .07 101
1 02 .64 102
103 .37 1 03
1 04 .21 104 S(ID)
105 .11 105
1 06 .05 106
107 .03 107
108 .01 108
109 .01 109
Pension
1 10 .00 1 10
Scheme

Time
Series

93
 AM92
4% x R[x] 1?rx-l]+l R, X

17 27 724.52 27 725.8 1 17
18 27 204.73 27 205.71 27 205.92 18
19 26 687.90 26 688.80 26 689.00 19
20 26 1 73.87 26 1 74.7 1 26 174.89 20
21 25 662.5 1 25 663.29 25 663.45 21
22 25 153.71 25 1 54.42 25 154.57 22
23 24 647.32 24 647.98 24 648. 1 1 23
24 24 143.23 24 143.85 24 143.97 24
25 23 641.35 23 641.93 23 642.04 25
26 23 141 .58 23 142. 1 2 2 3 142.23 26
27 22 643.84 22 644.35 22 644.45 27
28 22 148.06 22 148.53 22 148.63 28
29 2 1 654. 1 6 2 1 654.60 2 1 654.70 29
30 21 162.07 21 1 62.50 21 162.60 30
31 20 671 .77 20 672. 17 20 672.27 31
32 20 183.20 20 1 83.59 20 183.68 32
33 1 9 696.32 1 9 696.70 1 9 696.79 33
34 19 2 1 1 . 1 1 1 9 2 1 1 .48 1 9 2 1 1 .57 34
35 1 8 727.56 1 8 727.93 1 8 728.02 35
36 1 8 245.66 1 8 246.03 1 8 246. 1 2 36
37 1 7 765.43 17 765.79 1 7 765.89 37
38 17 286.86 1 7 287.23 1 7 287.33 38
39 1 6 809.99 1 6 8 10.38 1 6 8 1 0.47 39
40 1 6 334.87 1 6 335.26 1 6 335.36 40
41 1 5 86 1 .52 1 5 861 .93 1 5 862.03 41
42 1 5 390.01 1 5 390.45 1 5 390.55 42
43 1 4 920.43 1 4 920.89 1 4 920.99 43
44 1 4 452.85 14 453.35 1 4 453.45 44
45 1 3 987.39 13 987.91 1 3 988.01 45
46 13 524. 1 4 1 3 524.71 1 3 524.81 46
47 1 3 063.26 1 3 063.87 13 063.97 47
48 1 2 604.88 1 2 605.55 1 2 605.65 48
49 1 2 149. 1 7 1 2 149.90 1 2 150.00 49
50 I l 696.32 1 1 697. 1 2 I l 697.22 50
51 1 1 246.53 1 1 247.41 1 1 247.5 1 51
52 l O 800.02 lO 800.99 lO 80 1 .09 52
53 lO 357.04 lO 358. 1 2 l O 358.22 53
54 9 91 7.85 9 9 19.05 9 91 9 . 1 5 54
55 9 482.75 9 484.07 9 484. 1 9 55
56 9 052.04 9 053.5 1 9 053.63 56
57 8 626.06 8 627.69 8 627.83 57
58 8 205. 1 7 8 206.98 8 207. 14 58
59 7 789.75 7 79 1 .76 7 79 1 .95 59
60 7 380.21 7 382.44 7 382.67 60
61 6 976.98 6 979.47 6 979.73 61
62 6 580.53 6 583.29 6 583.61 62
63 6 1 9 1 .34 6 194.39 6 194.79 63
64 5 809.91 5 8 1 3.29 5 8 13.76 64

94
 AM92
x R[x] l?rx-l]+l R, X 4%
65 5 436.77 5 440.50 5 44 1.07 65
66 5 072.46 5 076.57 5 077.25 66
67 4 717.54 4 722.06 4 722.87 67
68 4 372.60 4 377.55 4 378.51 68
69 4 038.20 4 043.61 4 044.74 69

70 3 7 14.94 3 720.83 3 722.14 70

71 3 403.41 3 409.79 3 41 1 .31 71
72 3 104. 1 7 3 1 1 1 .06 3 1 12.79 72
73 2 8 17.78 2 825. 1 9 2 827. 1 6 73
74 2 544.78 2 552.69 2 554.91 74
75 2 285.66 2 294.06 2 296.55 75
76 2 040.87 2 049.74 2 052.49 76
77 1 8 1 0.80 1 820.09 1 823. 1 1 77
78 l 595.76 1 605.43 1 608.71 78
79 1 396.00 1 405.97 1 409.51 79
80 1 2 1 1.64 1 2 2 1.85 1 225.62 80
81 1 042.74 1 053.09 1 057.05 81
82 889.2 1 899.59 903.72 82 PMA92
83 750.83 761 . 1 3 765.38 83
84 627.27 637.38 641 .69 84 PFA92

85 5 1 8.06 527.85 532. 1 7 85

86 422.60 43 1 .95 436.22 86
87 340.1 5 348.95 353.1 0 87
88 269.86 278,01 281 .99 88
89 2 1 0.79 2 18.21 2 2 1.95 89 International
Actuarial
90 1 6 1 .90 1 68.54 1 7 1.99 90 Notation
91 1 27.94 1 3 1 .06 91
92 98.09 92
93 72.01 93
94 5 1 .78 94
95 36.41 95
96 25.00 96
97 1 6.73 97 S(MU)
98 1 0.89 98
99 6.89 99
100 4.22 1 00
101 2.50 101
1 02 1 .43 102
103 .79 103
1 04 .41 104 S(ID)
1 05 .21 1 05
1 06 .10 106
1 07 .05 1 07
1 08 .02 108
1 09 .01 109
Pension
1 10 .00 1 10
S cheme

Time
Series

95
 AM92
4%
x a[xl A[xl 2",xl Cix A,. 2A, x
17 23.372 0. 1 0 1 08 0.0 1 6 96 23.367 0. 1 0 1 27 0.01 7 1 6 17
18 23.280 0. 1 04 60 0.0 1 7 78 23.276 0. 104 78 0.0 1 7 97 18
19 23. 1 85 0. 1 08 27 0.0 1 8 67 23. 1 80 0. 1 08 44 0.0 1 8 85 19
20 23.086 0. 1 12 l O 0.0 1 9 64 23.081 0.1 1 2 26 0.0 1 9 82 20
21 22.982 0. 1 16 08 0.020 70 22.978 0. 1 16 24 0.020 86 21
22 22.874 0.120 23 0.02 1 84 22.870 0. 120 38 0.022 00 22
23 22.762 0.124 55 0.023 08 22.758 0.124 69 0.023 24 23
24 22.645 0.129 05 0.024 43 22.641 0 . 1 29 1 9 0.024 58 24
25 22.523 0. 133 73 0.025 89 22.520 0.133 86 0.026 03 25
26 22.396 0.138 60 0.027 47 22.393 0. 1 3 8 73 0.027 6 1 26
27 22.265 0.143 67 0.029 1 7 22.261 0.143 79 0.029 3 1 27
28 22. 1 28 0.148 94 0.03 1 02 22.124 0. 149 06 0.03 1 1 5 28
29 2 1 .985 0.1 54 42 0.033 0 1 21 .982 0. 154 54 0.033 14 29
30 2 1 .837 0. 1 60 I l 0.035 1 5 2 1 .834 0.160 23 0.035 28 30
31 2 1 .683 0.1 66 03 0.037 47 2 1 .680 0. 1 66 1 5 0.037 59 31
32 2 1 .523 0. 1 72 1 8 0.039 96 2 1 .520 0. 172 3 0 0.040 08 32
33 2 1 .357 0.178 57 0.042 64 2 1 .354 0.178 68 0.042 76 33
34 2 1 . 185 0. 1 85 20 0.045 52 2 1 . 1 82 0 . 1 85 3 1 0.045 65 34
35 2 1 .006 0. 1 92 07 0.048 6 1 2 1 .003 0. 1 92 1 9 0.048 74 35
36 20.821 0.199 2 1 0.05 1 93 20.818 0 . 1 99 33 0.052 07 36
37 20.628 0.206 60 0.055 49 20.625 0.206 72 0.055 63 37
38 20.429 0.2 1 4 26 0.059 30 20.426 0.2 1 4 39 0.059 45 38
39 20.223 0.222 20 0.063 38 20.219 0.222 34 0.063 54 39
40 20.009 0.230 4 1 0.067 75 20.005 0.230 56 0.067 92 40
41 1 9.788 0.238 9 1 0.072 4 1 1 9.784 0.239 07 0.072 59 41
42 1 9.560 0.247 70 0.077 38 19.555 0.247 87 0.077 58 42
43 1 9.324 0.256 78 0.082 67 1 9.319 0.256 96 0.082 89 43
44 19.080 0.266 15 0.088 32 19.075 0.266 36 0.088 56 44
45 1 8.829 0.275 83 0.094 3 1 1 8.823 0.276 05 0.094 58 45
46 1 8.569 0.285 80 0. 100 68 1 8.563 0.286 05 0.100 98 46
47 1 8.302 0.296 07 0. 1 07 44 18.295 0.296 35 0.107 78 47
48 1 8.027 0.306 64 0. 1 14 60 1 8.019 0.306 95 0. 1 1 4 98 48
49 1 7.745 0.3 1 7 52 0.122 1 7 17.736 0.3 1 7 86 0. 122 60 49
50 17.454 0.328 68 0. 1 30 1 7 1 7.444 0.329 07 0.130 65 50
51 17.156 0.340 1 4 0.138 6 1 17. 145 0.340 58 0.139 1 5 51
52 1 6.85 1 0.35 1 89 0.147 49 16.838 0.352 38 0.148 I l 52
53 1 6.538 0.363 92 0.1 56 84 16.524 0.364 48 0.157 55 53
54 1 6.21 8 0.376 23 0. 1 66 65 16.202 0.376 85 0.167 45 54
55 15.891 0.388 79 0. 1 76 93 15.873 0.389 50 0. 1 77 85 55
56 1 5 .558 0.40 1 6 1 0. 1 87 69 15.537 0.402 40 0. 1 88 74 56
57 15.2 1 9 0.4 1 4 66 0. 1 98 93 15. 195 0.415 56 0.200 12 57
58 14.874 0.427 94 0.2 1 0 64 14.847 0.428 96 0.2 1 2 00 58
59 14.523 0.44 1 43 0.222 82 14.493 0.442 58 0.224 37 59
60 14. 1 67 0.455 l O 0.235 47 14. 1 34 0.456 40 0.237 23 60
61 13.808 0.468 94 0.248 57 13.769 0.470 4 1 0.250 58 61
62 13.444 0.482 92 0.262 I l 13.401 0.484 58 0.264 40 62
63 13.077 0.497 03 0.276 08 1 3.029 0.498 90 0.278 68 63
64 12.7J)8 0.5 1 1 23 0.290 46 12.653 0.5 1 3 33 0.293 40 64

Note. 2",Xl = ",xl at 8. 1 6% and 2A, = A,. at 8.16%.

96
 AM92
4%
x ii[x] Arx] 2A[x] iiy Ay 2Ay x
65 12.337 0.525 50 0.305 22 1 2.276 0.527 86 0.308 55 65
66 1 1 .965 0.539 8 1 0.320 33 1 1 .896 0.542 46 0.324 l O 66
67 1 1.592 0.554 14 0.335 78 1 1 .5 15 0.557 l O 0.340 03 67
68 1 1 .221 0.568 44 0.35 1 5 1 1 1 .135 0.57 1 75 0.356 30 68
69 1 0.850 0.582 70 0.367 5 1 10.754 0.586 38 0.372 89 69
70 10.481 0.596 87 0.383 72 1 0.375 0.600 97 0.389 75 70
71 1 0. 1 16 0.61 0 93 0.400 12 9.998 0.6 1 5 48 0.406 86 71
72 9.754 0.624 85 0.4 1 6 65 9.623 0.629 88 0.424 1 6 72
73 9.396 0.638 60 0.433 27 9.252 0.644 1 4 0.441 62 73
74 9.044 0.652 1 4 0.449 93 8.886 0.658 24 0.459 1 9 74
75 8.698 0.665 45 0.466 59 8.524 0.672 1 4 0.476 83 75
76 8.359 0.678 5 1 0.483 20 8 . 1 69 0.685 8 1 0.494 48 76
77 8.027 0.69 1 27 0.499 71 7.820 0.699 24 0.5 1 2 1 0 77
78 7.703 0.703 73 0.5 16 09 7.478 0.7 1 2 38 0.529 65 78
79 7.388 0.7 1 5 85 0.532 27 7. 144 0.725 23 0.547 07 79
80 7.082 ' 0.727 62 0.548 22 6.8 1 8 0.737 75 0.564 32 80
81 6.785 0.739 03 0.563 90 6.502 0.749 93 0.5 8 1 36 81
82 6.499 0.750 05 0.579 27 6.194 0.761 75 0.598 14 82
83 6.222 0.760 68 0.594 30 5.897 0.773 1 9 0.6 14 6 1 83 PMA92
84 5.957 0.770 90 0.608 95 5.6 10 0.784 25 0.630 75 84
PFA92
85 5.701 0.780 72 0.623 20 5.333 0.794 90 0.646 52 85
86 5.457 0.790 1 2 0.637 0 1 5.066 0.805 1 4 0.661 88 86
87 5.223 0.799 I l 0.650 38 4.8 1 1 0.8 14 98 0.676 80 87
88 5.000 0.807 69 0.663 29 4.566 0.824 39 0.69 1 27 88
89 4.788 0.8 1 5 85 0.675 73 4.332 0.833 38 0.705 25 89
Intemational
90 4.586 0.823 62 0.687 68 4. 109 0.84 1 96 0.7 1 8 74 90
91 3.897 0.850 1 2 0.73 1 72 91 Actuarial
92 3.695 0.857 87 0.744 1 7 92 Notation
93 3.504 0.865 22 0.756 09 93
94 3.323 0.872 1 8 0.767 48 94
95 3.153 0.878 75 0.778 34 95
96 2.992 0.884 94 0.788 67 96
97 2.840 0.890 77 0.798 47 97
98 2.698 0.896 25 0.807 76 98
99 2.564 0.90 1 39 / 0.8 1 6 54 99
S(MU)
100 2.439 0.906 2 1 0.824 83 100
101 2.321 0.9 1 0 7 1 0.832 63 101
1 02 2.2 12 0.914 92 0.839 97 102
103 2.1 10 0.9 1 8 85 0.846 86 103
104 2.015 0.922 5 1 0.853 3 1 104
105 1 .926 0.925 9 1 0.859 34 105
1 06 1.844 0.929 07 0.864 98 106
1 07 1 .768 0.932 0 1 0.870 23 107 S(ID)
1 08 1 .697 0.934 72 0.875 1 2 108
109 1 .632 0.937 24 0.879 66 109
1 10 1 .571 0.939 56 0.883 87 1 10
111 1 .5 1 6 0.94 1 70 0.887 77 111
1 12 1 .464 0.943 67 0.89 1 37 1 12
1 13 1 .417 0.945 49 0.894 69 1 13
1 14 1 .374 0.947 1 5 0.897 75 1 14 Pension
1 15 Scheme
1 15 1 .334 0.948 68 0.900 56
1 16 1 .298 0.950 08 0.903 1 5 1 16
1 17 1 .264 0.95 1 39 0.905 57 1 17
1 18 1 .229 0.952 73 0.908 04 1 18
1 19 1 . 176 0.954 78 0.9 1 1 8 1 1 19
120 1 .000 0.96 1 54 0.924 56 120
Time
Note. 2 A[x] = A[x] at 8.16% and 2Ay = Ay at 8.1 6%. Series

97
Q40.... ..t.....: .... .... 1
 AM92
4% x (liO[x] (lA )[x] (lii)x (lA)x x
17 467.226 5.401 64 467.124 5.400 7 1 17
18 461.881 5.5 1 5 65 461 .784 5.514 73 18
19 456.412 5.630 60 456.320 5.629 69 19
20 450.817 5.746 37 450.729 5.745 47 20
21 445.097 5.862 84 445.0 1 3 5.86 1 95 21
22 439.249 5.979 86 439.170 5.978 99 22
23 433.275 6.097 30 433.200 6.096 44 23
24 427.174 6.2 1 5 0 1 427. 102 6.2 14 1 5 24
25 420.947 6.332 80 420.878 6.33 1 95 25
26 4 14.593 6.450 5 1 414.528 6.449 67 26
27 408. 1 14 6.567 94 408.05 1 6.567 l O 27
28 40 1 .5 1 0 6.684 88 401 .450 6.684 05 28
29 394.783 6.801 1 2 394.726 6.800 29 29
30 387.935 6.9 1 6 44 387.878 6.915 59 30
31 380.966 7.030 57 380.9 1 1 7.029 72 31
32 373.879 7.143 28 373.825 7.142 42 32
33 366.676 7.254 28 366.623 7.253 40 33
34 359.361 7.363 3 1 359.308 7.362 39 34
35 3 5 1 .937 7.470 05 351 .883 7.469 09 35
36 344.407 7.574 2 1 344.353 7.573 20 36
37 336.776 7.675 46 336.720 7.674 38 37
38 329.048 7.773 46 328.991 7.772 3 1 38
39 321 .228 7.867 88 3 2 1 . 169 7.866 63 39
40 3 13.323 7.958 35 3 13.260 7.956 99 40
41 305.337 8.044 52 305.271 8.043 03 41
42 297.278 8.126 02 297.207 8.124 35 42
43 289. 153 8.202 46 289.077 8.200 60 43
44 280.970 8.273 47 280.888 8.271 37 44
45 272.737 8.338 65 272.647 8.336 28 45
46 264.462 8.397 62 264.365 8.394 93 46
47 256. 156 8.450 0 1 256.049 8.446 95 47
48 247.828 8.495 42 247.71 1 8.491 93 48
49 239.488 8.533 5 1 239.360 8.529 50 49
50 23 1 . 149 8.563 90 2 3 1.007 8.559 29 50
51 222.820 8.586 24 222.664 8.580 95 51
52 2 14.51 4 8.600 22 2 14.342 8.594 1 2 52
53 206.244 8.605 54 206.053 8.598 5 1 53
54 1 98.022 8.60 1 90 1 97.8 1 1 8.593 8 1 54
55 1 89.861 8.589 08 1 89.627 8.579 76 55
56 1 8 1 .774 8.566 87 1 8 1 .5 1 6 8.556 1 1 56
57 1 73.775 8.535 08 173.489 8.522 68 57
58 1 65.878 8.493 60 1 65.56 1 8.479 3 1 58
59 1 58.094 8.442 34 1 57.744 8.425 88 59
60 1 50.440 8.38 1 28 1 50.053 8.362 34 60
61 142.926 8.31 0 44 142.499 8.288 67 61
62 135.566 8.229 90 135.096 8.204 9 1 62
63 128.373 8 . 1 39 8 1 127.856 8. 1 1 1 17 63
64 1 2 1 .359 8.040 36 120.790 8.007 60 64

98
 AM92
x (ICih'l ( IA )['l (ICi), ( IA), x 4%
65 1 14.533 7.93 1 82 1 13.9 1 1 7.894 42 65
66 107.909 7.8 1 4 53 1 07.228 7.77 1 92 66
67 1 0 1 .494 7.688 86 1 00.751 7.640 43 67
68 95.297 7.555 27 94.489 7.500 35 68
69 89.327 7.4 1 4 26 88.450 7.352 1 5 69
70 83.589 7.266 40 82.641 7.196 35 70
71 78.089 7. 1 12 29 77.067 7.033 5 1 71
72 72.832 6.952 57 7 1.732 6.864 24 72
73 67.8 1 9 6.787 95 66.640 6.689 22 73
74 63.053 6.61 9 1 4 6 1.793 6.509 1 3 74
75 58.534 6.446 87 57. 1 92 6.324 70 75
76 54.260 6.27 1 92 52.836 6.136 69 76
77 50.230 6.095 04 48.723 5.945 86 77
78 46.440 5.9 1 6 97 44.851 5.752 98 78
79 42.885 5.738 48 4 1 .2 1 5 5.558 83 79
80 39.559 5.560 29 37.8 1 1 5.364 1 7 80
81 36.457 5.383 08 34.633 5 . 1 69 76 81
82 33.570 5.207 53 3 1 .673 4.976 3 1 82 PMA92
83 30.890 5.034 26 28.924 4.784 53 83
28.4 10 4.863 82 26.378 4.595 08 84 PFA92
84
85 26. 1 1 8 4.696 75 24.025 4.408 56 85
86 24.007 4.533 50 2 1 .858 4.225 55 86
87 22.065 4.374 48 19.866 4.046 57 87
88 20.283 4.220 03 1 8.039 3.872 08 88
4.070 43 1 6.368 3.702 50 89 International
89 1 8.65 1
Actuarial
90 17. 1 59 3.925 89 14.843 3.538 1 7 90 Notation
91 13.453 3.379 39 91
92 12.191 3.226 40 92
93 1 1.045 3.079 39 93
94 10.007 2.938 48 94
95 9.070 2.803 78 95
96 8.223 2.675 30 96
97 7.460 2.553 06 97 S(MU)
98 6.774 2.437 0 1 98
99 6.156 2.327 08 99
100 5.602 2.223 1 6 1 00
101 5. 1 04 2. 125 1 2 101
1 02 4.659 2.032 8 1 102
1 03 4.259 1 .946 07 103
104 3.902 1 .864 7 1 104
S(ID)
105 3.582 1 .788 53 1 05
106 3.295 1 .7 1 7 34 1 06
107 3.039 1 .650 92 1 07
108 2.8 1 1 1 .589 07 1 08
109 2.606 1 .53 1 58 1 09
1 10 2.424 1 .478 23 1 10 Pension
111 2.261 1 .428 82 III Scheme
1 12 2.1 15 1 .383 1 5 1 12
1 13 1.985 1 .34 1 02 1 13
1 14 1 .869 1 .302 22 1 14
1 15 1.765 1 .266 54 1 15
116 1.672 1 .233 70 1 16
117 1.584 1 .202 99 1 17 Time
1 18 1.492 1 . 1 7 1 57 1 18
1 19 1.3 5 1 1 . 123 76 1 19 Series
120 1 .000 0.96 1 54 1 20

99
Q;fo"UDftnnl
 AM92
G[x]:;;] ;;]
4.\]:
4% x n = 60 - x aro;;] Ar:;;] x
17 20.941 0.194 59 43 20.936 0. 1 94 75 17
18 20.750 0.201 90 42 20.746 0.202 06 18
19 20.552 0.209 53 41 20.548 0.209 68 19

20 20.346 0.2 1 7 46 40 20.342 0.2 1 7 60 20

21 20. 1 3 1 0.225 72 39 20. 128 0.225 86 21
22 1 9 .908 0.234 32 38 1 9.904 0.234 45 22
23 1 9.675 0.243 27 37 1 9.672 0.243 40 23
24 1 9.433 0.252 59 36 1 9.430 0.252 7 1 24

25 1 9. 1 8 1 0.262 28 35 1 9. 1 78 0.262 40 25
26 1 8.91 8 0.272 37 34 18.9 1 6 0.272 48 26
27 1 8.645 0.282 87 33 1 8.643 0.282 97 27
28 1 8.361 0.293 79 32 1 8.359 0.293 89 28
29 1 8.066 0.305 1 5 31 1 8 .064 0.305 25 29
30 17.759 0.3 1 6 97 30 1 7.756 0.3 1 7 06 30
31 1 7.439 0.329 26 29 1 7.437 0.329 35 31
32 17. 107 0.342 04 28 1 7 . 1 05 0.342 12 32
33 1 6.762 0.355 33 27 1 6.759 0.355 4 1 33
34 16.402 0.369 14 26 1 6.400 0.369 23 34
35 16.029 0.383 50 25 1 6.027 0.383 59 35
36 15.64 1 0.398 43 24 1 5.639 0.398 52 36
37 1 5.237 0.4 1 3 95 23 1 5.235 0.4 1 4 03 37
38 14.8 1 8 0.430 07 22 14. 8 1 6 0.430 1 6 38
39 14.383 0.446 82 21 14.380 0.446 92 39

40 1 3.930 0.464 23 20 13.927 0.464 33 40

41 1 3.460 0.482 3 1 19 13.457 0.482 42 41
42 1 2.971 0.501 lO 18 1 2.969 0.50 1 2 1 42
43 12.464 0.520 6 1 17 12.461 0.520 73 43
44 1 1 .937 0.540 88 16 1 1 .934 0.54 1 00 44

45 1 1 .390 0.56 1 93 15 1 1.386 0.562 06 45

46 10.821 0.583 80 14 10.8 1 8 0.583 93 46
47 10.23 1 0.606 5 1 13 10.227 0.606 65 47
48 9.61 7 0.630 l O 12 9.61 3 0.630 25 48
49 8.980 0.654 6 1 Il 8.976 0.654 77 49

50 8.3 1 8 0.680 07 lO 8.3 1 4 0.680 24 50

51 7.630 0.706 54 9 7.625 0.706 72 51
52 6.914 0.734 06 8 6.9 1 0 0.734 24 52
53 6. 1 70 0.762 68 7 6. 1 66 0.762 86 53
54 5.396 0.792 46 6 5.39 1 0.792 64 54

55 4.590 0.823 48 5 4.585 0.823 65 55

56 3.749 0.855 80 4 3.745 0.855 95 56
57 2.873 0.889 52 3 2.870 0.889 63 57
58 1 .957 0.924 73 2 1 .955 0.924 79 58
59 1 .000 0.96 1 54 1 1 .000 0.961 54 59

1 00
 AM92
x
(1[x]:;;] 1x]:;;] Il = 65 - x (1,,;;] Ax:;;] X 4%
17 2 1 .723 0. 1 64 48 48 2 1 .7 1 9 0. 1 64 66 17
18 2 1 .565 0. 1 70 58 47 2 1 .561 0. 1 70 74 18
19 2 1 .400 0.176 93 46 2 1 .396 0.177 09 19

20 2 1 .228 0. 1 83 54 45 2 1 .224 0.1 83 69 20

21 2 1 .049 0. 1 90 42 44 2 1 .045 0.1 90 57 21
22 20.863 0. 1 97 59 43 20.859 0. 1 97 73 22
23 20.669 0.205 05 42 20.665 0.205 1 8 23
24 20.467 0.2 12 8 1 41 20.464 0.2 12 94 24

25 20.257 0.220 90 40 20.254 0.22 1 02 25

26 20.038 0.229 3 1 39 20.035 0.229 42 26
27 1 9.8 1 1 0.238 05 38 1 9.808 0.238 1 7 27
28 1 9.574 0.247 1 6 37 1 9.571 0.247 26 28
29 1 9.328 0.256 62 36 1 9.325 0.256 73 29

30 1 9.072 0.266 47 35 1 9.069 0.266 57 30

31 1 8.806 0.276 7 1 34 1 8.803 0.276 8 1 31
32 1 8.529 0.287 35 33 1 8.526 0.287 45 32
33 1 8 .241 0.298 42 32 1 8 .239 0.298 52 33
34 1 7.942 0.309 92 31 1 7.940 0.3 1 0 02 34 PMA92
PFA92
35 17.63 1 0.321 87 30 1 7.629 0.32 1 97 35
36 1 7.308 0.334 29 29 1 7.306 0.334 39 36
37 1 6.973 0.347 1 9 28 1 6 .970 0.347 29 37
38 1 6.625 0.360 59 27 1 6.622 0.360 70 38
39 1 6.263 0.374 5 1 26 1 6.260 0.374 62 39
International
40 1 5 .887 0.388 96 25 1 5 .884 0.389 07 40
0.403 95 24 15.494 0.404 07 41 Actuarial
41 1 5.497
42 1 5.092 0.4 1 9 52 23 15.089 0.4 1 9 65 42 Notation
43 14.672 0.435 67 22 14.669 0.435 8 1 43
44 14.237 0.452 43 21 1 4.233 0.452 58 44
45 1 3 .785 0.469 82 20 1 3.780 0.469 98 45
46 1 3.3 1 6 0.487 86 19 1 3 .3 1 1 0.488 03 46
47 12.829 0.506 56 18 1 2.824 0.506 75 47
48 12.325 0.525 96 17 1 2.320 0.526 1 7 48
49 1 1 .802 0.546 08 16 1 1 .796 0.54630 49 S (MU)

50 1 1.259 0.566 95 15 1 1 .253 0.567 1 9 50

51 10.697 0.588 58 14 1 0.690 0.588 84 51
52 1 0. 1 1 3 0.6 1 1 02 13 10. 106 0.6 1 1 30 52
53 9.508 0.634 30 12 9.500 0.634 60 53
54 8.880 0.658 46 Il 8.872 0.658 78 54

55 8.228 0.683 54 lO 8.2 1 9 0.683 88 55 S(ID)

56 7.55 1 0.709 58 9 7.542 0.709 93 56
57 6.847 0.736 64 8 6.838 0.737 0 1 57
58 6.1 1 5 0.764 79 7 6. 1 06 0.765 1 6 58
59 5.353 0.794 I O 6 5.344 0.794 46 59
60 4.559 0.824 65 5 4.550 0.824 99 60
61 3.730 0.856 54 4 3.722 0.856 85 61 PtlDsion
62 2.863 0.889 90 3 2.857 0.890 13 62 S cheme
63 1 .954 0.924 85 2 1 .95 1 0.924 98 63
64 1 .000 0.96 1 54 I 1 .000 0.96 1 54 64

Time
Series

101
 AM92
6%
x a[xl Acxl 2 Acxl ax A, 2 A, x

17 1 6.977 0.039 02 0.006 1 1 1 6.974 0.039 2 1 0.006 30 17

18 1 6.946 0.040 80 0.006 30 1 6.943 0.040 99 0.006 48 18
19 1 6.912 0.042 70 0.006 52 1 6.909 0.042 88 0.006 69 19
20 1 6.877 0.044 72 0.006 77 1 6.874 0.044 89 0.006 93 20
21 1 6.839 0.046 86 0.007 05 1 6.836 0.047 03 0.007 2 1 21
22 1 6.798 0.049 14 0.007 38 1 6.796 0.049 30 0.007 53 22
23 1 6.756 0.05 1 57 0.007 75 1 6.753 0.05 1 72 0.007 90 23
24 1 6.710 0.054 1 4 0.008 1 6 1 6.708 0.054 28 0.008 3 1 24
25 1 6.662 0.056 86 0.008 63 1 6.660 0.057 0 1 0.008 77 25
26 1 6 .6 1 1 0.059 76 0.009 1 6 1 6.609 0.059 90 0.009 30 26
27 1 6.557 0.062 82 0.009 75 1 6.554 0.062 96 0.009 88 27
28 1 6.499 0.066 07 0.01 0 4 1 1 6 .497 0.066 20 0.01 0 54 28
29 1 6 .439 0.069 5 1 0.0 1 1 1 5 1 6.436 0.069 64 0.0 1 1 28 29
30 1 6.374 0.073 1 6 0.0 1 1 97 1 6.372 0.073 28 0.01 2 lO 30
31 1 6.306 0.077 0 1 0.0 1 2 89 1 6.304 0.077 14 0.01 3 0 1 31
32 1 6.234 0.081 09 0.0 1 3 90 1 6.232 0.08 1 2 1 0.0 1 4 03 32
33 1 6. 158 0.085 40 0.0 1 5 03 1 6. 1 56 0.085 52 0.01 5 1 5 33
34 1 6.078 0.089 95 0.0 1 6 27 1 6.075 0.090 07 0.0 1 6 40 34
35 1 5.993 0.094 75 0.0 1 7 65 1 5.990 0.094 88 0.0 1 7 78 35
36 1 5.903 0.099 82 0.01 9 1 6 1 5.901 0.099 95 0.0 1 9 30 36
37 1 5.809 0.1 05 1 6 0.020 84 1 5.806 0.1 05 30 0.020 98 37
38 15.709 0. 1 10 79 0.022 67 1 5.707 0. 1 1 0 94 0.022 82 38
39 1 5.605 0. 1 16 72 0.024 69 15.602 0.1 16 88 0.024 85 39
40 15.494 0. 1 22 96 0.026 90 15.491 0. 1 23 13 J 0.027 07 40
41 1 5 .378 0.1 29 52 0.029 33 1 5.375 0.1 29 70 0.029 5 1 41
42 15.257 0.136 4 1 0.03 1 98 1 5.253 0.136 60 0.032 1 8 42
43 1 5 .1 29 0.143 65 0.034 87 15. 125 0.143 85 0.035 09 43
44 14.995 0. 1 5 1 23 0.038 02 14.991 0.1 5 1 46 0.038 26 44
45 14.855 0. 159 1 8 0.04 1 45 14.850 0. 1 59 43 0.041 72 45
46 14.708 0. 1 67 50 0.045 1 7 14.703 0.167 78 0.045 48 46
47 14.554 0. 1 76 19 0.049 2 1 14.548 0. 1 76 5 1 0.049 56 47
48 14.393 0. 1 85 28 0.053 59 14.387 0. 1 85 63 0.053 98 48
49 14.226 0. 1 94 76 0.058 32 14.21 9 0. 1 95 1 6 0.058 76 49
50 14.05 1 0.204 63 0.063 42 1 4.044 0.205 08 0.063 92 50
51 1 3.870 0.2 14 9 1 0.068 92 1 3.861 0.21 5 42 0.069 49 51
52 13.681 0.225 60 0.074 83 1 3.67 1 0.226 1 7 0.075 48 52
53 1 3 .485 0.236 69 0.08 1 1 8 1 3 .474 0.237 34 0.08 1 92 53
54 1 3 .282 0.248 1 8 0.087 97 1 3.269 0.248 92 0.088 82 54
55 1 3.072 0.260 08 0.095 24 1 3.057 0.260 92 0.096 2 1 55
56 1 2.855 0.272 37 0. 1 02 98 1 2.838 0.273 33 0. 1 04 09 56
57 1 2.63 1 0.285 06 0 . 1 1 1 23 1 2.612 0.286 14 0. 1 12 50 57
58 1 2 .400 0.298 1 2 0. 1 19 98 1 2.378 0.299 35 0. 1 2 1 44 58
59 12. 1 63 0.3 1 1 55 0.129 26 1 2. 1 38 0.3 1 2 94 0.130 93 59
60 1 1 .9 1 9 0.325 33 0.139 07 1 1.891 0.326 92 0.1 40 98 60
61 1 1 .670 0.339 45 0.149 4 1 1 1 .638 0.34 1 25 0. 1 5 1 60 61
62 1 1 .41 5 0.353 88 0 . 1 60 29 1 1.379 0.355 92 0. 1 62 80 62
63 1 1 . 155 0.368 6 1 0.171 7 1 1 1. 1 14 0.370 9 1 0. 1 74 57 63
64 1 0.890 0.383 60 0. 1 83 66 1 0.844 0.386 20 0. 1 86 92 64

Note. 2 Acxl = A[xl at 1 2.36% and 2 A, = A, at 12.36%.

1 02
 AM92
6%
x a[x] Acx] 2Acx] ax A,. 2A, x
65 10.621 0.398 83 0 . 1 96 1 4 1 0.569 0.401 77 0.199 85 65
66 10.348 0.414 27 0.209 13 10.289 0.4 1 7 58 0.21 3 35 66
67 10.072 0.429 88 0.222 62 10.006 0.433 6 1 0.227 40 67
68 9.794 0.445 64 0.236 58 9.720 0.449 82 0.242 00 68
69 9.5 1 3 0.461 50 0.25 1 00 9.431 0.466 1 7 0.257 1 2 69
70 9.232 0.477 43 0.265 83 9. 1 40 0.482 65 0.272 74 70
71 8.950 0.493 38 0.28 1 06 8.848 0.499 1 9 0.288 82 71
72 8.669 0.509 33 0.296 64 8.555 0.5 1 5 78 0.305 34 72
73 8.388 0.525 2 1 0.3 1 2 54 8.262 0.532 36 0.322 26 73
74 8.109 0.541 0 1 0.328 70 7.969 0.548 90 0.339 55 74
75 7.832 0.556 67 0.345 09 7.679 0.565 35 0.357 14 75
76 7.559 0.572 1 5 0.3 6 1 64 7.390 0.581 69 0.375 0 1 76
77 7.289 0.587 42 0.378 33 7.105 0.597 86 0.393 09 77
78 7.024 0.602 44 0.395 08 6.822 0.61 3 83 0.4 1 1 33 78
79 6.763 0.6 1 7 1 7 0.4 1 1 86 6.544 0.629 56 0.429 69 79
80 6.509 ' 0.63 1 59 0.428 60 6.271 0.645 0 1 0.448 I l 80
81 6.260 0.645 66 0.445 25 6.004 0.660 1 6 0.466 52 81
82 6.0 1 8 0.659 35 0.461 77 5.742 0.674 97 0.484 88 82
83 5.783 0.672 65 0.478 1 1 5.487 0.689 42 0.503 1 3 83 PMA92
84 5.556 0.685 53 0.494 22 5.239 0.703 46 0.52 1 2 1 84
PFA92
85 5.336 0.697 97 0.5 1 0 05 4.998 0.71 7 l O 0.539 07 85
86 5. 124 0.709 97 0.525 57 4.765 0.730 29 0.55 6 67 86
87 4.920 0.72 1 50 0.540 75 4.540 0.743 04 0.573 96 87
88 4.724 0.732 58 0.555 55 4.323 0.755 3 1 0.590 88 88
89 4.537 0.743 1 8 0.569 94 4. 1 14 0.767 I l 0.607 4 1 89
International
90 4.358 0.753 32 0.583 90 3.914 0.778 43 0.623 50 90
91 3.723 0.789 25 0.639 13 91 Actuarial
92 3.541 0.799 59 0.654 26 92 Notanon
93 3.367 0.809 44 0.668 88 93
94 3.201 0.81 8 80 0.682 96 94
95 3.044 0.827 69 0.696 49 95
96 2.896 0.836 l O 0.709 46 96
97 2.755 0.844 06 0.72 1 87 97
98 2.622 0.851 56 0.733 70 98
99 2.498 0.858 63 0.744 96 99
S(MU)
100 2.380 0.865 27 0.755 65 1 00
101 2.270 0.87 1 5 1 0.765 79 101
1 02 2 . 1 67 0.877 36 0.775 37 1 02
1 03 2.070 0.882 83 0.784 42 1 03
1 04 1 .980 0.887 94 0.792 93 1 04
1 05 1 .895 0.892 7 1 0.800 94 1 05
1 06 1.817 0.897 1 5 0.808 45 1 06
107 1 .744 0.90 1 28 0.8 1 5 48 1 07 S(ID)
108 1 .676 0.905 I l 0.822 05 1 08
109 1.614 0.908 66 0.828 1 7 1 09
1 10 1 .556 0.9 1 1 95 0.833 87 1 10
111 1 .502 0.9 1 4 99 0.839 1 7 111
1 12 1 .452 0.9 1 7 79 0.844 08 1 12
1 13 1 .407 0.920 37 0.848 6 1 1 13
1 14 1 .365 0.922 75 0.852 80 1 14 Pension
1 15 1 .326 0.924 92 0.856 66 1 15 Scheme
1 16 1 .291 0.926 93 0.860 22 1 16
1 17 1 .258 0.928 80 0.863 55 1 17
1 18 1 .224 0.930 72 0.866 94 1 18
1 19 ! . I 72 0.933 64 0.872 l O 1 19
120 1.000 0.943 40 0.890 00 1 20
Time
Note. 2Acx] = Acx] at 12.36% and 2A,. = A, at 12.36%. Series

1 03
C4-... f.h.I-: ..... nJ
 AM92
6% x (fa)[xl (IA )[xl (fii)x (fA)x x

17 268.142 1 .799 55 268.083 1 .799 40 17

18 266.392 1 .867 08 266.336 1 .866 92 18
19 264.567 1 .936 81 264.514 1 .936 64 19
20 262.666 2.008 74 262.61 5 2.008 56 20
21 260.687 2.082 89 260.638 2.082 70 21
22 258.626 2.159 25 258.579 2.159 06 22
23 256.482 2.237 82 256.437 2.237 62 23
24 254.253 2.3 1 8 58 254.2 1 0 2.3 1 8 37 24
25 25 1 .936 2.401 5 1 25 1 .896 2.401 29 25
26 249.53 1 2.486 57 249.49 1 2.486 35 26
27 247.034 2.573 73 246.996 2.573 50 27
28 244.444 2.662 93 244.407 2.662 70 28
29 24 1 .759 2.754 lO 241 .724 2.753 86 29
30 238.978 2.847 18 238.943 2.846 92 30
31 236.099 2.942 06 236.065 2.94 1 80 31
32 233. 120 3.038 64 233.087 3.038 37 32
33 230.041 3.136 8 1 230.008 3.136 53 33
34 226.861 3.236 43 226.827 3.236 13 34
35 223.579 3.337 35 223.545 3.337 02 35
36 220.194 3.439 40 220.159 3.439 04 36
37 2 16.706 3.542 39 2 16.67 1 3.542 00 37
38 2 13. 1 1 6 3.646 1 3 2 1 3.079 3.645 69 38
39 209.424 3.750 37 209.385 3.749 89 39
40 205.630 3.854 89 205.589 3.854 35 40
41 201 .736 3.959 42 201 .692 3.958 80 41
42 1 97.744 4.063 68 197.696 4.062 97 42
43 1 93.654 4. 1 67 36 1 93.603 4. 1 66 55 43
44 1 89.471 4.270 14 1 89.416 4.269 22 44
45 1 85. 197 4.37 1 70 1 85. 136 4.370 62 45
46 1 80.834 4.47 1 66 1 80.768 4.470 4 1 46
47 1 76.388 4.569 65 1 76.3 1 5 4.568 20 47
48 1 7 1 .863 4.665 29 1 7 1 .783 4.663 59 48
49 1 67.264 4.758 1 8 167.175 4.756 1 8 49
50 1 62.597 4.847 89 1 62.497 4.845 55 50
51 1 57.867 4.934 00 1 57.757 4.931 26 51
52 1 53.082 5.0 1 6 09 1 52.959 5.0 1 2 87 52
53 148.249 5.093 72 148. 1 13 5.089 94 53
54 143.376 5.166 47 143.224 5 . 1 62 03 54
55 1 38.472 5.233 89 138.302 5.228 68 55
56 133.545 5.295 58 133.356 5.289 47 56
57 1 28.605 5.35 1 13 128.394 5.343 97 57
58 123.662 5.400 1 6 1 23.427 5.39 1 76 58
59 1 1 8.726 5.442 29 1 1 8.464 5.432 47 59
60 1 13.808 5.477 20 1 1 3.5 1 6 5.465 72 60
61 1 08.9 1 8 5.504 57 1 08.594 5.491 1 8 61
62 1 04.067 5.524 1 6 1 03.707 5.508 56 62
63 99.267 5.535 74 98.868 5.5 1 7 59 63
64 94.528 5.539 13 94.087 5.5 1 8 08 64

/
104
 AM92
x (liihx] (lA )[xl (lii )., (lA )x x 6%
65 89.861 5.534 2 1 89.374 5.509 85 65
66 85.277 5.520 93 84.740 5.492 80 66
67 80.785 5.499 28 80. 1 96 5.466 88 67
68 76.397 5.469 3 1 75.752 5.432 09 68
69 72. 1 2 1 5.43 1 14 7 1 .4 1 6 5.388 5 1 69
70 67.965 5.384 97 67. 1 98 5.336 28 70
71 63.939 5.33 1 0 1 63. 1 05 5.275 60 71
72 60.048 5.269 59 59. 1 46 5.206 73 72
73 56.300 5.20 1 07 55.326 5.129 99 73
74 52.700 5.125 86 5 1.652 5.045 77 74
75 49.251 5.044 44 48. 1 28 4.954 52 75
76 45.958 4.957 3 1 44.758 4.856 72 76
77 42.822 4.865 04 4 1.545 4.752 9 1 77
78 39.846 4.768 1 9 38.491 4.643 69 78
79 37.028 4.667 37 35.596 4.529 64 79
80 34.369 4.563 20 32.860 4.41 1 42 80
81 3 1.866 4.456 30 30.283 4.289 68 81
82 29.5 1 7 4.347 29 27.861 4 . 1 65 09 82 PMA92
83 27.320 4.236 78 25.594 4.038 3 1 83
84 25.268 4. 1 25 36 23.475 3.9 1 0 00 84 PFA92
85 23.359 4.013 61 2 1.503 3.780 82 85
86 2 1 .586 3.902 05 1 9.671 3.65 1 39 86
87 19.944 3.791 1 9 1 7.974 3.522 3 1 87
88 1 8.426 3.681 49 16.406 3.394 1 6 88
89 1 7.026 3.573 36 14.962 3.267 46 89 International
1 5.738 1 3.634 3 . 1 42 70 90 Actuarial
90 3.467 1 6
91 12.4 1 7 3.020 33 91 Notation
92 1 1.303 2.900 75 92
93 10.287 2.784 3 1 93
94 9.36 1 2.67 1 32 94
95 8.5 1 8 2.562 02 95
96 7.754 2.456 63 96
97 7.061 2.355 32 97
98 6.435 2.258 2 1 98 S(MU)
99 5.86 9 2 . 1 65 37 99
100 5.358 2.076 86 100
101 4.89 8 1 .992 70 101
102 4.483 1.91 2 86 102
103 4. 1 1 1 1 .837 3 1 1 03
104 3.776 l .765 98 104
105 3.475 1 .698 78 1 05 S(ID)
106 3.205 1 .635 63 106
107 2.963 1 .576 39 107
1 08 2.746 1 .520 96 108
109 2.551 1 .469 20 109
110 2.377 1 .420 96 1 10
111 2.221 1 .376 I l III Pension
1 12 2.08 1 1 .334 50 1 12 Scherne
1 13 1 .956 1 .295 98 1 13
1 14 1 .845 1 .260 40 1 14
115 1 .744 1 .227 60 1 15
1 16 1 .654 1 . 1 97 34 1 16
1 17 1 .570 1 . 169 04 1 17
1 18 1 .481 1 . 140 1 8 1 18
1 19
Tirne
1 19 1.345 1 .096 3 1
Series
120 1 .000 0.943 40 120

1 05
e.",, � ...":':.... .... l
 ,

AM92
6%
x a[xl:;;] 11 = 60 - x Ax ;;] x
",xl:;;] (i,,;;] :
17 1 6.076 0.090 05 43 1 6.072 0.090 24 17
18 1 5 .990 0.094 93 42 15.986 0.095 I l 18
19 1 5.898 0. 100 I l 41 1 5.895 0. 100 28 19

20 15.801 0. 1 05 6 1 40 1 5.798 0. 1 05 77 20
21 15.698 0. 1 1 1 45 39 15.695 0. 1 1 1 60 21
22 15.588 0 . 1 1 7 64 38 15.586 0. 1 17 79 22
23 1 5.472 0.124 22 37 15.470 0. 1 24 36 23
24 15.349 0. 1 3 1 1 9 36 1 5 .347 0. \ 3 1 33 24

25 15.2 1 8 0.\38 59 35 1 5.21 6 0.\38 72 25

26 15.080 0. 146 43 34 15.078 0. 1 46 56 26
27 14.933 0. 154 75 33 14.93 1 0. 1 54 87 27
28 14.777 0. 1 63 57 32 14.775 0. 1 63 69 28
29 14.61 2 0 . 1 72 92 31 14.610 0. 1 73 03 29

30 14.437 0 . 1 82 83 30 14.435 0. 1 82 94 30
31 14.251 0 . 1 93 33 29 14.249 0. 1 93 44 31
32 14.054 0.204 46 28 1 4.053 0.204 57 32
33 1 3.846 0.2 1 6 26 27 1 3.844 0.2 1 6 36 33
34 13.625 0.228 75 26 1 3.624 0.228 85 34
35 13.392 0.241 98 25 13.390 0.242 08 35
36 \3. 144 0.255 99 24 13. 142 0.256 09 36
37 12.882 0.270 82 23 1 2.880 0.270 93 37
38 1 2.605 0.286 53 22 1 2.603 0.286 64 38
39 12.3 1 1 0.303 1 6 21 1 2.309 0.303 27 39

40 1 2.000 0.320 76 20 1 1 .998 0.320 88 40

41 1 1 .671 0.339 38 19 1 1.669 0.339 5 1 41
42 1 1.323 0.359 l O 18 1 1 .320 0.359 23 42
43 10.954 0.379 96 17 1 0.952 0.380 lO 43
44 1 0.564 0.402 03 16 1 0.561 0.402 19 44
45 1 0. 1 5 1 0.425 39 15 10. 149 0.425 56 45
46 9.71 5 0.450 I l 14 9.71 2 0.450 28 46
47 9.253 0.476 26 13 9.249 0.476 45 47
48 8.764 0.503 94 12 8.760 0.504 1 5 48
49 8.246 0.533 24 11 8.242 0.533 46 49
50 7.698 0.564 26 lO 7.694 0.564 49 50
51 7. 1 1 8 0.597 I l 9 7.1 14 0.597 35 51
52 6.503 0.63 1 9 1 8 6.499 0.632 1 6 52
53 5.851 0.668 79 7 5.847 0.669 04 53
54 5. 1 60 0.707 9 1 6 5.156 0.708 1 5 54

55 4.427 0.749 4 1 5 4.423 0.749 65 55

56 3.648 0.793 50 4 3.645 0.793 70 56
57 2.820 0.840 36 3 2.81 7 0.840 52 57
58 1 .939 0.890 24 2 1.937 0.890 34 58
59 1 .000 0.943 40 l 1 .000 0.943 40 59

J
106
 AM92
6%
x a[x]:n! Il = 65 - x ax:n! Ax:n! x
",xln!
17 16.409 0.07 1 2 1 48 1 6.405 0.07 1 40 17
18 1 6.343 0.074 95 47 1 6.339 0.075 1 3 18
19 1 6.272 0.078 92 46 1 6.269 0.079 09 19
20 1 6 . 1 98 0.083 1 3 45 16. 195 0.083 30 20
21 1 6. 1 19 0.087 6 1 44 1 6. 1 1 6 0.087 77 21
22 1 6.035 0.092 36 43 1 6.032 0.092 5 1 22
23 15.946 0.097 40 42 15.943 0.097 54 23
24 1 5.852 0. 1 02 74 41 1 5.849 0.1 02 88 24
25 15.751 0. 1 08 42 40 1 5.749 0.108 55 25
26 1 5.645 0.1 14 43 39 1 5.643 0. 1 14 56 26
27 1 5.532 0. 1 20 8 1 38 1 5.530 0. 120 94 27
28 15.4 1 3 0. 1 27 58 37 15.41 1 0. 1 27 70 28
29 1 5.286 0. 1 34 75 36 1 5.284 0. 1 34 86 29
30 15. 1 52 0.142 34 35 1 5. 1 50 0.142 46 30
31 1 5.010 0.1 5 0 39 34 1 5.008 0. 1 50 50 31
32 14.859 0.158 92 33 14.857 0.159 03 32
33 14.700 0. 1 67 95 32 14.698 0 . 1 68 06 33 PMA92
34 14.53 1 0. 1 77 5 1 31 14.529 0.177 62 34 PFA92
35 14.352 0. 1 87 63 30 14.350 0 . 1 87 74 35
36 1 4 . 1 63 0.198 33 29 1 4. 1 6 1 0 . 1 98 45 36
37 13.963 0.209 67 28 13.960 0.209 79 37
38 1 3.75 1 0.221 65 27 1 3.749 0.22 1 78 38
39 1 3.527 0.234 33 26 13.525 0.234 46 39 International
40 1 3.290 0.247 74 25 13.288 0.247 87 40 Actuarial
41 1 3.040 0.26 1 9 1 24 13.037 0.262 06 41 Notation
42 1 2.775 0.276 89 23 1 2.772 0.277 05 42
43 12.495 0.292 72 22 12.492 0.292 89 43
44 1 2.200 0.309 44 21 12. 1 97 0.309 63 44
45 1 1 .888 0.327 I l 20 1 1.884 0.327 3 1 45
46 1 1 .558 0.345 78 19 1 1 .554 0.345 99 46
47 1 1 .21 0 0.365 49 18 1 1.206 0.365 72 47
48 1 0.842 0.386 30 17 1 0.837 0.386 56 48 S(MU)
49 10.454 0.408 28 16 10.449 0.408 57 49
50 1 0.044 0.43 1 50 15 10.038 0.43 1 8 1 50
51 9.6 1 0 0.456 02 14 9.604 0.456 35 51
52 9. 1 53 0.48 1 9 1 13 9. 146 0.482 28 52
53 8.669 0.509 27 12 8.662 0.509 67 53
54 8.159 0.538 1 9 Il 8. 1 5 1 0.538 62 54
S(ID)
55 7.6 1 8 0.568 77 lO 7.6 1 0 0.569 22 55
56 7.047 0.601 1 2 9 7.038 0.60 1 60 56
57 6.442 0.635 36 8 6.433 0.635 86 57
58 5.801 0.671 65 7 5.792 0.672 1 6 58
59 5.121 0.7 1 0 1 5 6 5. 1 12 0.7 1 0 66 59
60 4.398 0.75 1 04 5 4.390 0.75 1 52 60 Ptmsion
61 3.630 0.794 54 4 3.622 0.794 97 61
62 2.8 1 1 0.840 90 3 2.805 0.84 1 23 62 Scheme
63 1 .936 0.890 42 2 1 .933 0.890 60 63
64 1 .000 0.943 40 1 1 .000 0.943 40 64

Time
Series

1 07
C'4.,,4<.:"'...:: .... .... 1
 ,

1 08
 PENSIONER MORTALITY TABLES

PMA92 and PFA92 (Base tables)

and
PMA92C20 and PFA92C20 (Projected tables)

The Base tables are based on the mortality of pensioners insured by UK life
offices during the years 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994. Mortality is measured by
amounts of annuities held.

The projected tiibles are projected to the calendar year 2020.

PMA92
Full details are given in C. MI.R. 16 and 17. PFA92

PROJECTION FORMULAE Intemational

Actuarial
The projected mortality rate applicable in a particular calendar year is Notation
calculated using the formula:

q.�ear ( projected) q:ase x RF(x, t) where

=
t = Year - 1992

a +(1 - a)(1 - / l/
20
S(MU)

The reduction factor is calculated as: RF(x, t) =

The parameters used are:

S(ID)
Age range a /
x < 60 0. 13 0. 55

60 :S; x :S; 1 10 1 - 0.87 C l �� X ) 0. 55 C 1�� x ) 0.29 ( x �060 )

+
Pension
Scheme

x > 1 10 l 0.29

Time
Series

1 09
 ,

PMA92Base
x qx
50 0.001 3 1 5
51 0.001 5 1 9
52 0.00 1 761
53 0.002 045
54 0.002 379
55 0.002 771
56 0.003 228
57 0.003 759
58 0.004 376
59 0.005 090
60 0.005 914
61 0.006 861
62 0.007 947
63 0.009 1 89
64 0.Dl0 604
65 0.01 2 2 1 1
66 0.0 14 032
67 0.01 6 088
68 0.01 8 402
69 0.020 998
70 0.023 901
71 0.027 137
72 0.030 732
73 0.034 7 1 3
74 0.039 105
75 0.043 935
76 0.049 227
77 0.055 006
78 0.061 292
79 0.068 106
80 0.075 464
81 0.083 379
82 0.091 862
83 0. 1 00 9 1 7
84 0. 1 10 544
85 0.120 739
86 0. 1 3 1 492
87 0.142 786
88 0.154 599
89 0. 166 903
90 0. 1 79 664
91 0. 192 841
92 0.206 389
93 0.220 257
94 0.234 389
95 0.248 727
96 0.263 206
97 0.277 762
98 0.292 327
99 0.306 832
100 0.321 209
101 0.335 389
102 0.349 305
1 03 0.362 893
1 04 0.376 091
1 05 0.388 838

1 10
PFA92base
x qx
50 0.00 1 271
51 0.001 456
52 0.001 670
53 0.00 1 9 1 7
54 0.002 200
55 0.002 524
56 0.002 894
57 0.003 3 1 7
58 0.003 799
59 0.004 345
60 0.004 965
61 0.005 667
62 0.006 458
63 0.007 350
64 0.008 352
65 0.009 476
66 omo 734
67 0.01 2 138
68 0.013 703
69 0.01 5 442
70 0.017 371
71 0.01 9 505
72 0.021 861
73 0.024 455
74 0.027 306
75 0.030 432
76 0.033 849 International
77 0.037 577
78 0.04 1 632 Actuarial
79 0.046 035 Notation
80 0.050 800
81 0.055 946
82 0.061 488
83 0.067 441
84 0.073 8 1 7
85 0.080 629
86 0.087 885 S(MU)
87 0.095 594
88 0. 1 03 761
89 0. 1 12 386
90 0. 1 2 1 470
91 0. 1 3 1 009
92 0. 140 996
93 0. 1 5 1 420
94 0. 162 267 S(ID)
95 0. 1 73 5 1 9
96 0. 1 85 155
97 0. 1 97 150
98 0.209 477
99 0.222 103
100 0.234 995 Pension
101 0.248 1 15 Scheme
102 0.261 424
103 0.274 879
104 0.288 437
105 0.302 054

Time
Series

111
 PMA92C20
x l, d, qx �lx ex x

50 9 94 1 .923 5.418 0.000 545 0.000 507 34. 1 0 50

51 9 936.504 6.260 0.000 630 0.000 585 33.12 51
52 9 930.244 7.249 0.000 730 0.000 677 32.14 52
53 9 922.995 8.4 1 5 0.000 848 0.000 786 31.17 53
54 9 914.580 9.776 0.000 986 0.000 914 30. 1 9 54
55 9 904.805 1 1 .371 0.001 148 0.001 063 29.22 55
56 9 893.434 1 3 .237 0.00 1 338 0.001 239 28.25 56
57 9 880. 1 96 1 5.393 0.00 1 558 0.001 444 27.29 57
58 9 864.803 1 7.895 0.00 1 814 0.00 1 681 26.33 58
59 9 846.908 20.777 0.002 1 10 0.001 957 25.38 59
60 9 826. 1 3 1 24.084 0.002 45 1 0.002 266 24.43 60
61 9 802.048 28.965 0.002 955 0.002 685 23.49 61
62 9 773.083 34.694 0.003 550 0.003 241 22.56 62
63 9 738.388 4 1 .398 0.004 25 1 0.003 889 2 1 .64 63
64 9 696.990 49. 193 0.005 073 0.004 651 20.73 64
65 9 647.797 58. 1 95 0.006 032 0.005 543 1 9.83 65
66 9 589.602 68.537 0.007 147 0.006 583 1 8.95 66
67 9 52 1 .065 80.348 0.008 439 0.007 792 1 8.08 67
68 9 440.71 7 93.746 0.009 930 0.009 1 9 1 1 7.23 68
69 9 346.970 108.836 0.01 1 644 0.Dl 0 806 1 6.40 69
70 9 238. 1 34 1 25.685 0.013 605 0.0 1 2 661 1 5.59 70
71 9 1 12.449 144.350 0.01 5 84 1 0.014 783 14.79 71
72 8 968.099 1 64.834 0.018 380 0.01 7 204 1 4.02 72
73 8 803.265 1 87.096 0.02 1 253 0.01 9 956 1 3.28 73
74 8 61 6 . 1 70 2 1 1.010 0.024 490 0.023 072 1 2.55 74
75 8 405. 1 60 236.362 0.028 1 2 1 0.026 587 1 1 .86 75
76 8 1 68.798 262.864 0.032 1 79 0.030 537 1 1.18 76
77 7 905.934 290. 1 16 0.036 696 0.034 962 1 0.54 77
78 7 61 5.8 1 8 3 17.595 0.04 1 702 0.039 899 9.92 78
79 7 298.223 344.688 0.047 229 0.045 390 9.33 79
80 6 953.536 370.644 0.053 303 0.051 473 8.77 80
81 6 582.891 394.658 0.059 952 0.058 1 88 8.23 81
82 6 1 88.234 4 1 5 .856 0.067 201 0.065 576 7.73 82
83 5 772.378 433.321 0.075 068 0.073 676 7.25 83
84 5 339.057 446. 180 0.083 569 0.082 522 6.80 84
85 4 892.878 453.648 0.092 7 1 6 0.092 149 6.37 85
86 4 439.230 455.092 0 . 1 02 5 1 6 0. 1 02 590 5.97 86
87 3 984. 138 450.084 0. 1 12 969 0. 1 13 873 5.59 87
88 3 534.054 438.463 0. 124 068 0. 1 26 023 5.24 88
89 3 095.591 420.387 0.135 802 0. 139 060 4.9 1 89
90 2 675.203 396.334 0. 148 1 5 1 0. 1 52 998 4.61 90
91 2 278.869 367.099 0.1 6 1 088 0. 1 67 846 4.32 91
92 1 91 1.771 333.759 0 . 1 74 581 0. 1 83 606 4.06 92
93 1 578.0 12 297.596 0.188 589 0.200 273 3.81 93
94 l 280.41 6 260.008 0.203 065 0.2 1 7 836 3.59 94
95 1 020.409 222.405 0.2 1 7 957 0.236 273 3.38 95
96 798.003 1 86.098 0.233 205 0.255 556 3.18 96
97 6 1 1 .905 1 52.209 0.248 746 0.275 647 3.00 97
98 459.696 1 2 1 .595 0.264 5 1 1 0.296 499 2.84 98
99 338. 1 0 1 94.813 0.280 429 0.3 1 8 054 2.68 99
100 243.288 72. 1 1 7 0.296 425 0.340 247 2.54 100
101 1 7 1 . 17 1 53.478 0.3 1 2 423 0.363 002 2.41 101
102 1 1 7.693 38.644 0.328 344 0.386 232 2.29 102
1 03 79.050 27.202 0.344 1 1 3 0.409 842 2.18 103
1 04 5 1 .848 1 8.647 0.359 653 0.433 729 2.08 104
1 05 33.200 12.446 0.374 887 0.457 778 1 .99 105

1 12
 PFA92C20
x l,. d,. Ilx e.,· x
qx
50 9 952.697 5.245 0.000 527 0.000 492 37.08 50
51 9 947.452 5.998 0.000 603 0.000 563 36. 1 0 51
52 9 94 1 .454 6.879 0.000 692 0.000 645 35.12 52
53 9 934.574 7.898 0.000 795 0.000 741 34. 1 5 53
54 9 926.676 9.053 0.000 9 1 2 0.000 851 33. 1 7 54
55 9 91 7.623 10.374 0.001 046 0.000 976 32.20 55
56 9 907.249 1 1 .879 0.001 1 99 0.001 1 20 3 1 .24 56
57 9 895.370 13.606 0.00 1 375 0.00 1 284 30.27 57
58 9 88 1.764 15.564 0.00 1 575 0.001 472 29.3 1 58
59 9 866.200 1 7.769 0.00 1 801 0.00 1 685 28.36 59
60 9 848.43 1 20.268 0.002 058 0.001 9 1 8 27.4 1 60
61 9 828. 1 63 23.991 0.002 441 0.002 236 26.46 61
62 9 804. 173 28.285 0.002 885 0.002 655 25.53 62
63 9 775.888 33.248 0.003 40 1 0.003 1 35 24.60 63
64 9 742.640 38.932 0.003 996 0.003 691 23.68 64
65 9 .703.708 45.423 0.004 681 0.004 332 22.78 65
66 9 658.285 52.802 0.005 467 0.005 069 2 1 .88 66
67 9 605.483 6 1 . 158 0.006 367 0.005 9 14 2 1 .00 67
68 9 544.325 70.580 0.007 395 0.006 882 20. 13 68
69 9 473.745 8 1 . 124 0.008 563 0.007 986 1 9.28 69
70 9 392.621 92.874 0.009 888 0.009 240 18.44 70
71 9 299.747 105.887 0.0 1 1 386 omo 663 1 7.62 71
72 9 193.860 120.21 0 0.01 3 075 0.01 2 272 1 6.81 72
73 9 073.650 135.860 0.014 973 0.014 086 1 6.03 73
74 8 937.791 1 52.836 0.01 7 1 00 0.0 1 6 1 26 15.27 74
75 8 784.955 1 7 1 .1 13 0.0 1 9 478 0.0 1 8 4 1 4 14.52 75 International
76 8 613.841 1 90.598 0.022 127 0.020 974 13.80 76 Actuarial
77 8 423.243 2 1 1 . 162 0.025 069 0.023 829 13.10 77
78 8 2 12.080 232.61 5 0.028 326 0.027 004 1 2.42 78 Notation
79 7 979.465 254.729 0.03 1 923 0.030 527 1 1 .77 79
80 7 724.737 277. 179 0.035 882 0.034 425 1 1 . 14 80
81 7 447.558 299.593 0.040 227 0.038 728 10.54 81
82 7 147.965 321 .523 0.044 981 0.043 464 9.96 82
83 6 826.442 342.455 0.050 1 66 0.048 664 9.41 83
84 6 483.987 361 .832 0.055 804 0.054 357 8.88 84
85 6 122. 1 54 379.053 0.06 1 9 1 5 0.060 576 8.37 85 S(MU)
86 5 743 . 1 0 1 393.506 0.068 5 1 8 0.067 349 7.89 86
87 5 349.595 404.595 0.075 63 1 0.074 708 7.43 87
88 4 945.000 4 1 1.770 0.083 270 0.082 686 7.00 88
89 4 533.230 4 1 4.537 0.09 1 444 0.091 308 6.59 89
90 4 1 18.693 4 1 2.545 0. 1 00 164 0. 1 00 604 6.20 90
91 3 706.149 405.590 0.109 437 0.1 1 0 601 5.84 91
92 3 300.559 393.644 0. 1 19 266 0 . 1 2 1 325 5.49 92
93 2 906.9 14 376.882 0.129 650 0. 1 32 801 5.17 93 S(ID)
94 2 530.Q33 355.677 0.140 582 0. 1 45 048 4.87 94
95 2 1 74.356 330.617 0. 1 52 053 0.158 084 4.58 95
96 1 843.738 302.467 0. 164 05 1 0. 1 7 1 926 4.32 96
97 1 541.271 272. 1 1 9 0. 1 76 555 0 . 1 86 586 4.07 97
98 l 269. 1 52 240.562 0. 1 89 545 0.202 071 3.84 98
99 1 028.591 208.795 0.202 991 0.2 1 8 386 3.62 99 Pension
1 00 8 1 9.796 1 77.783 0.2 1 6 863 0.235 531 3.41 100 Scheme
101 642.013 148.385 0.23 1 125 0.253 502 3.22 101
1 02 493.627 1 2 1 .303 0.245 737 0.272 288 3.05 1 02
103 372.325 97.048 0.260 654 0.291 872 2.89 1 03
1 04 275.277 75.930 0.275 830 0.3 12 234 2.73 1 04
105 1 99.347 58.053 0.29 1 2 1 7 0.333 348 2.59 1 05
Time
Series

1 13
C'I ....., �:�4-: .... ... 1
 PMA92C20 PFA92C20
4% x ax 2A,- x ii,- 2 A,.
50 18.843 0.088 02 50 1 9.539 0.074 2 1
51 1 8.567 0.094 7 1 51 1 9.291 0.079 78
52 18.281 0.10 1 87 52 1 9.034 0.085 74
53 1 7.985 0.1 09 54 53 1 8.768 0.092 I l
54 1 7.680 0. 1 1 7 73 54 1 8 .494 0.098 9 1
55 17.364 0.126 47 55 1 8.2 1 0 0 . 1 06 1 6
56 1 7.038 0. 1 35 80 56 1 7.9 17 0.1 13 90
57 1 6.702 0.145 74 57 1 7.6 1 5 0 . 1 22 14
58 16.356 0.1 56 32 58 1 7.303 0. 130 9 1
59 15.999 0. 1 67 56 59 1 6.982 0. 140 24
60 15.632 0.1 79 50 60 1 6.652 0.150 1 5
61 15.254 0. 1 92 1 7 61 1 6.3 1 1 0. 1 60 68
62 14.868 0.205 50 62 1 5.963 0. 1 7 1 77
63 14.475 0.2 1 9 50 63 1 5.606 0. 1 83 43
64 14.073 0.234 1 6 64 1 5.242 0. 195 66
65 13.666 0.249 46 65 14.871 0.208 47
66 13.252 0.265 38 66 1 4.494 0.22 1 83
67 12.834 0.28 1 90 67 1 4. 1 1 1 0.235 76
68 12.4 1 2 0.298 99 68 13.723 0.250 22
69 1 1.988 0.3 1 6 60 69 1 3.330 0.265 2 1
70 1 1 .562 0.334 69 70 1 2.934 0.280 69
71 1 1. 136 0.353 20 71 1 2.535 0.296 64
72 10.7 1 1 0.372 08 72 1 2. 1 35 0.3 1 3 02
73 10.288 0.391 25 73 1 1 .734 0.329 80
74 9.870 0.41 0 65 74 1 1.333 0.346 93
75 9.456 0.430 2 1 75 10.933 0.364 37
76 9.049 0.449 84 76 10.536 0.382 07
77 8.649 0.469 47 77 10. 142 0.399 97
78 8.258 0.489 03 78 9.752 M 1 8 02
79 7.877 0.508 44 79 9.367 0.436 1 6
80
81
7.506
7. 148
0.527 62
0.546 50
/' 80
81
8.989
8.6 1 8
0.454 33
0.472 47
82 6.80 1 0.565 0 1 82 8.254 0.490 53
83 6.468 0.583 l O 83 7.900 0.508 45
84 6.148 0.600 7 1 84 7.555 0.526 1 6
85 5.842 0.6 1 7 79 85 7.220 0.543 63
86 5.551 0.634 29 86 6.896 0.560 80
87 5.273 0.650 1 9 87 6.582 0.577 62
88 5.01 0 0.665 45 88 6.281 0.594 05
89 4.762 0.680 06 89 5.99 1 0.6 1 0 06
90 4.527 0.693 99 90 5.7 1 3 0.625 60
91 4.306 0.707 25 91 5.447 0.640 66
92 4.098 0.7 1 9 83 92 5 . 1 93 0.655 20
93 3.903 0.73 1 74 93 4.95 1 0.669 21
94 3.72 1 0.742 97 94 4.722 0.682 68
95 3.55 1 0.753 56 95 4.504 0.695 59
96 3.393 0.763 50 96 4.297 0.707 94
97 3.245 0.772 82 97 4. 1 02 0.7 1 9 73
98 3 . 1 09 0.781 55 98 3.9 1 8 0.730 97
99 2.982 0.789 69 99 3.744 0.74 1 64
100 2.864 0.797 28 100 3.581 0.75 1 77
101 2.755 0.804 34 101 3.428 0.761 36
1 02 2.655 0.8 1 0 89 102 3.284 0.77043
1 03 2.562 0.8 1 6 96 103 3. 149 0.778 99
1 04 2.477 0.822 57 104 3.023 0.787 05
1 05 2.399 0.827 74 1 05 2.905 0.794 63

Note. 2 A,- = A,- at 8.16%.

1 14
 PMA92C20 and PFA92C20
4%
Gxy for male (x) and female (y)
Age difference d (=y - x)
d -20 -lO -5 --4 -3 -2 -1 O +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +10 +20 d
x x

50 1 8.746 1 8 .493 1 8. 1 92 1 8. 1 10 1 8.019 1 7.91 8 1 7.808 1 7.688 1 7.556 1 7.413 1 7.258 1 7.090 1 6.909 1 5.801 12.638 50
51 1 8.467 1 8 .206 1 7.894 1 7.809 1 7.715 1 7.612 1 7.498 1 7.374 1 7.238 1 7.091 1 6.93 1 1 6.758 1 6.572 1 5 .433 12.232 51
52 1 8. 1 79 1 7.908 1 7.586 1 7.499 1 7.402 1 7.295 1 7 . 1 78 1 7.050 1 6.910 1 6.758 1 6.594 1 6.416 1 6.225 1 5.057 1 1 .823 52
53 1 7.881 1 7.601 1 7.269 1 7. 1 78 1 7.078 1 6.968 1 6.848 1 6.71 6 1 6.572 1 6.415 1 6.246 1 6.064 1 5.867 14.672 1 1 .413 53
54 1 7.573 1 7.283 1 6.941 1 6.847 1 6.744 1 6.63 1 1 6.507 1 6.371 1 6.223 1 6.062 1 5.888 15.701 1 5 .499 1 4.279 1 1 .004 54
55 1 7.255 1 6.955 1 6.602 1 6.506 1 6.400 1 6.284 16.156 1 6.016 1 5.864 1 5.699 1 5.521 1 5.328 15.121 1 3.880 10.595 55
56 1 6.926 1 6.617 1 6.253 1 6. 1 55 1 6.046 1 5.926 1 5.795 15.651 1 5.495 1 5.326 1 5 . 1 43 1 4.945 14.733 13.473 10. 1 89 56
57 1 6.587 1 6.269 1 5.894 1 5.793 1 5.681 15.558 1 5.423 1 5.276 1 5. 1 1 6 14.942 14.755 14.553 14.337 13.061 9.786 57
58 1 6.238 15.910 1 5.525 15.421 1 5.306 15. 1 80 1 5.041 14.891 14.727 14.549 14.357 14.1 5 1 1 3.932 1 2.644 9.387 58
59 1 5.879 1 5.541 1 5 .146 1 5.039 14.921 14.791 14.650 1 4.495 14.327 14.145 1 3 .950 13.742 1 3.520 12.222 8.993 59
60 1 5.509 15.161 14.756 14.646 14.526 14.393 14.248 14.090 1 3 .9 1 8 1 3.734 1 3 .536 13.325 13.101 1 1 .796 8.605 60
61 1 5. 1 29 14.772 14.356 1 4.244 14.121 13.985 13.837 1 3.675 1 3.501 1 3 .3 1 4 1 3 . 1 14 12.901 12.675 1 1.368 8.224 61
62 1 4.740 14.374 1 3.949 1 3.834 1 3.708 1 3.569 1 3.41 8 1 3 .254 1 3.078 12.888 12.686 12.472 12.245 10.939 7.85 1 62
63 1 4.343 1 3.968 1 3.533 1 3.416 13.287 1 3 .145 1 2.992 12.826 1 2.648 12.458 12.255 12.039 1 1.812 10.5 1 1 7.487 63
64 1 3 .939 1 3 .555 1 3. 1 1 1 1 2.991 1 2.859 1 2.71 6 1 2.561 1 2.394 1 2.215 1 2 .023 1 1 .8 1 9 1 1 .604 I l .376 1 0 .085 7.133 64
65 1 3.529 13.136 12.682 12.560 12.427 12.282 12.126 1 1.958 1 1 .778 1 1.586 1 1.382 1 1. 1 67 1 0.940 9.662 6.790 65
66 1 3. 1 12 12.7 1 1 12.248 1 2 . 1 25 1 1.991 1 1 .845 1 1 .688 1 1.520 1 1 .339 1 1. 147 1 0.944 10.729 1 0.504 9.243 6.457 66
67 1 2.692 12.282 1 1.8 1 1 1 1.687 1 1 .552 1 1 .406 1 1.248 1 1.080 1 0.900 1 0.708 1 0.506 1 0.293 1 0.070 8.830 6.137 67
68 12.267 1 1 .849 1 1.372 1 1 .247 1 1. 1 12 1 0.966 10.808 10.640 1 0.460 10.270 10.070 9.859 9.639 8.423 5.829 68
69 1 1 .840 1 1.41 4 1 0.933 1 0.807 1 0.672 10.526 10.369 1 0.201 10.023 9.835 9.637 9.429 9.21 3 8.025 5.533 69
70 1 1.4 1 2 1 0.978 1 0.494 1 0.368 1 0.233 10.088 9.932 9.766 9.590 9.404 9.209 9.005 8.792 7.636 5.250 70
75 9.295 8.833 8.357 8.238 8. 1 10 7.975 7.83 1 7.679 7.520 7.355 7. 1 82 7.005 6.822 5.860 4.027 75
80 7.335 6.876 6.441 6.336 6.224 6.1 07 5.985 5.857 5.725 5.588 5.449 5.306 5.161 4.422 3 . 1 08 80
85 5.660 5.235 4.864 4.777 4.687 4.593 4.496 4.396 4.294 4. 1 89 4.084 3.977 3.870 3.340 2.449 85
90 4.339 3.963 3.664 3.597 3.528 3.456 3.384 3.3 1 0 3.235 3. 1 60 3.084 3.008 2.933 2.571 1 .998 90
95 3.361 3.039 2.808 2.757 2.706 2.654 2.602 2.549 2.496 2.444 2.3 9 1 2.339 2.288 2.049 1 .708 95
100 2.670 2.400 2.223 2 . 1 86 2.149 2.1 12 2.075 2.038 2.001 1 .965 1 .930 1 .895 1 .861 1 .708 1 .000 100

......
Ul

z > '"'"
� = 1i
= ... =
W ",. 00
;' <S-�
00
� S-
00 .., � ::o =
;g-
... --
=
'" ...
=
... =
� �
....., - =
�
=
!::.
116
 INTERNATIONAL ACTUARIAL NOTATION

Reproduced from Bulletin oj the Permanent Committee ojthe International

Congress ojActuaries, 46, 207 (1 949), Journal ojthe Institute ojActuaries,
75 , 1 2 1 ( 1 949) and Transactions ojthe Faculty ojActuaries, 19, 89 (1 949-50).

International
Actuarial
Notation

S(MU)

S(ID)

Pension
Scheme

Time
SerÌes

117
 The existing international actuarial notation was founded on the "Key
to the Notation" given in the Institute ojActllaries Text Book, Part II,
Life Contingencies by George King (1887), and was adopted by the
Second International Actuarial Congress, London, 1898
(Transactions, pp. 6 18-640) with minor revisions approved by the
Third International Congress, Paris, 1900 (Transactions, pp. 622-
6 5 1). Further revisions were discussed during 1937-1939, and were
introduced by the Institute and the Faculty in 1949 (J.I.A., 75, 121
and T.F.A., 19, 89). These revisions were finally adopted
internationally at the Fourteenth International Actuarial Congress,
Madrid, 195 4 (Blilletin ojthe Permanent Committee ojthe
International Congress ojActllaries ( 1 949), 46, pp. 207-217).

The generaI principles on which the system is based are as follows:

To each fundamental symbolic letter are attached signs and letters

each having its own signification.

The lower space to the left is reserved for signs indicating the
conditions relative to the duration ofthe operations and to their
position with regard to time.

The lower space to the right is reserved for signs indicating the
conditions relative to ages and the order of succession of the events.

The upper space to the right is reserved for signs indicating the
periodicity of events.

The upper space to the left is free, and in it can be placed signs
corresponding to other notions.

In what follows these two conventions are used:

A letter enclosed in brackets, thus (x), denotes "a person aged x".

A letter or number enclosed in a right angle, thus � or 151 , denotes a

term-certain ofyears.

1 18
1 FUNDAMENTAL SYMBOLIC LETTERS

1.1 INTEREST

i the effective rate of interest, nameIy, the totai interest eamed on 1

=

in a year on the assumption that the actuai interest (if receivabie

otherwise than yearly) is invested forthwith as it becomes due on the
same tenns as the originaI principal.

v = (1 +i)- l = the present value of 1 due one year hence.

d = 1 - v = the discount on l due one year hence.

o= Ioge (1 + i) = - loge (1 - d) = the force of interest or the force of

discount.

1.2 MORTALITY TABLES

l = number Iiving.
d = number dying.
p =probability of living.
q =probability of dying.
Il =force of mortality.
111 = centraI death rate.
a present value of an annuity.
=
S(MU)

s = amount of an annuity.
e = expectation of life.
A present value of an assurance.
=

}
=
E present value of an endowment. S(ID)
p = premium per annum. P generally refers to net premiums, ]t to
]t =premium per annum. speciai premiums.
=
V policy value.
W paid-up policy.
= Pension
Scheme

Time
Sel'ies

119
 The methods of using the foregoing principal letters and their precise
meaning when added to by suffixes, etc., follow.

1.3 INTEREST

/1/1) m{ (1+i) l I1/1 - l}

= = the nominaI rate of interest, convertible m
times a year.

a-J =
111 V +v 2 +. . . +VII = the value of an annuity-certain of 1 per annum
for 11 years, the payments being made at the end of each year.

a-, 2 I I
111 = l +v+v +. . . +v I- =
the value of a similar al1nuity, the
payments being made at the beginning of each year.

SI =
111 I +(l +i) +(1 +i) 2 +. . . +(1+i) 11-1 the amount of an annuity-
=

Il
certain of 1 per annum for years, the payments being ma de at the
end of each year.

s--,
111 (1 +i) +(1+i) 2 +.. . +(1 +it = the amoul1t of a similar annuity,
=

the payments being made at the beginning of each year.

The diaeresis or trema ( " ) above the letters a and is used as a

s

symbol of acceleration ofpayments.

1.4 MORTALITY TABLES

The ages of the lives involved are denoted by letters plac�d as

suffixes in the lower space to the right. Thus:

1., = the number of persons who attain age x according to the mortality
table:

dx =Ix - lx+l the number of persons who die between ages x and
=

x + 1 according to the mortality table.

Px = the probability that (x) will live 1 year.

120
qx = the probability that (x) will die within 1 year.

-� dIx the force of mortality at age x.

Il .r = =
Ix d,

1I1x = the centraI death-rate for the year of age x to x + 1

= d.,/f� Ix+tdt.
ex = the curtate "expectation of life" (or average after-lifetime) of (x) .

In the following it is always to be understood (unless othelwise

expressed) that the annual payment of an annuity is 1 , that the sum
assured in any case is 1 , and that the symbols indicate the present
values:

Gx = an annuity, first payment at the end of a year, to continue during

the life of (x) .

(ix = l +Gx an "annuity-due" to continue during the life of (x) , the

=

first payment to be made at once.

Ax = an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x) .

S(MU)
Note. ex = Gx at rate of interest i = O.

A letter or number at the lower left corner ofthe principal symbol

denotes the number of years involved in the probability or benefit in
questiono Thus: S(ID)

n Px = the probability that (x) will live n years.

n qx = the probability that (x) will die within n years.
Pension
Scheme
Note. When n = 1 it is custommy to omit it (as shown above)
provided no ambiguity is introduced.

n Ex = v\ Px the value of an endowment on (x) payable at the end

=

of years if (x) be then alive.

Time
n Sel'ies

121
 If the letter or number comes before a perpendicular bar it shows that
a period of deferment is meant. Thus:

nl qx = the probability that (x) will die in a year, deferred 11 years; that
is, that he will die in the (11 + 1 )th year.

nl ax =an annuity on (x) deferred n years; that is, that the first
payment is to be made at the end of (n + 1 ) years.

nlf ax = an intercepted, or deferred, temporary annuity on (x) deferred

11 years and, after that, to run for t years.

A letter or number in brackets at the upper right corner ofthe

principal symbol shows the number of intervals into which the year is
to be divided. Thus:

a.�I1) = an annuity of (x) payable by m instalments of 11m each

throughout the year, the first payment being one of 1/m at the end of
the first 1Imth of a year.

a.�Il) = a similar annuity but the first payment of l/m is to be made at

once, so that a.�Il) =l / m +a.�!l1).

A.�I1) = a n assurance payable at the end of that fraction 11m of a year

in which (x) dies.

If m ---* CIJ then instead of writing (CIJ) a bar is placed over the principal
symbol. Thus:

a= a continuous or momently annuity.

A= an assurance payable at the moment of death.

122
A small ciI'de placed over the principal symbol shows that the benefit
is to be complete. Thus:

a= a complete annuity.
e = the complete expectation of life.

Note. Some consider that e would be as appropriate as e . As

ex = ax at rate of interest i = 0, so also the complete expectation of
life Zi., at rate of interest i = O.
=

When more than one life is involved the following rules are observed:

If there are two or more letters or numbers in a suffix without any

distinguishing mark,joint lives are intended. Thus:

Note. When, for the sake of distinctness, it is desired to separate

letters or numbers in a suffix, a colon is placed between them. A
colon is used instead of a point or comma to avoid confusion with
decimals when numbers are involved.

a.\)'z = an annuity, first payment at the end of a year, to continue

during the joint lives of (x), (y) and (z) . S(MU)

Axyz = an assurance payable at the end of the year of the failure of the
joint lives (x), (y) and (z) .
S(ID)
In pIace of a life a term-certain may be involved. Thus:

aX:11I
--, = an annuity to continue during the J' oint duration of the life of
Pension
(x) and a term of Il years certain; that is, a temporary annuity for Il
Scheme
years on the life of (x).

Ax:;;] = an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x) if he

dies within 11 years, or at the end of Il years if (x) be then alive; that is, Time
an endowment assurance for 11 years. Series

123
 If a perpendicular bar separates the letters in the suffix, then the status
after the bar is to follow the status before the bar. Thus:

ay ! x = a reversionary annuity, that is, an annuity on the life of (x)

after the death of (y).

Az ! xy an assurance payable on the failure of the joint lives (x) and

=

(y) provided both these lives survive (z).

If a horizontal bar appears above the suffix then survivors of the lives,
and not joint lives, are intended. The number of survivors can be
denoted by a letter or number over the right end ofthe bar. If that
letter, say /', is not distinguished by any marIe, then the meaning is al
/'
least survivors; but if it is enclosed in square brackets, [/'], then the
meaning is exaclly /' survivors. If no letter or number appears over
the bar, then unity is supposed and the meaning is al least O/1e
survivor. Thus:

axy; = an annuity payable so long as at least one ofthe three lives (x),
(y) and (z) is alive.

� an annuity payable so long as at least two ofthe three lives

axyz =

(x), (y) and (z) are alive.

P��,; = probability that exactly two ofthe three lives (x), (y) and (z)
will survive a year.

n CfXY = probability that the survivor ofthe two lives (x) and (y) will
die within years = n qx X n q)"
/1

Il A.\)'
an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of the
=

survivor ofthe lives (x) and (y) provided the death occurs within /1

years.

When numerals are placed above or below the letters of the suffix,
they designate the order in which the lives are to fai!. The numeraI

1 24
 JlìI

placed aveI' the suffix points out the life whose failure will finally
determine the event; and the numerals placed lInder the suffix
indicate the order in which the other lives involved are to fail. Thus:

A.�y = an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x) if he

dies first ofthe two lives (x) and (y).

A.�)'z = an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x) if

he dies second ofthe three lives (x), (y) and (z).

A.;,Z = an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x) if

1 .
he dies second ofthe three lives, CV) having died first.

Axy:z = an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of the

3
survivor of (x) and CV) ifhe dies before (z).

A�.:;;-] = an assurance payable at the end of the year of death of (x) if

he dies within a tenn of n years.

a�l x
1
an annuity to ( x) after the failure of the survivor of (y) and (z), S(MU)
or
2
provided (z) fails before (y).
ayz
-I.�'

S(lD)
Note. Sometimes to make quite clear that a joint-life status is

involved a symbol is placed above the lives included. Thus

A,l, -,= a joint-life temporary assurance on (x) and CV).
.')':111 Pension
Scheme

Time
Sel'ies

125
 �l
I

In the case of reversionaty annuities, distinction has sometimes to be

made between those where the times of year at which payments are to
take pIace are determined at the outset and those where the times
depend on the failure of the preceding status. Thus:

Gy!x = annuity to (x), first payment at the end of the year of death of
(y) or, on the average, about 6 months after his death.

Gy!x = annuity to (x), first payment 1 year after the death of (y).

by!x = complete annuity to (x), first payment l year after the death of
(y).

126
2 ANNUAL PREMIUMS

The symbol P with the appropriate suffix or suffixes is used in simple

cases, where no misunderstanding can occur, to denote the annual
premium for a benefit. Thus:

p., = the annual premium for an assurance payable at the end of the
year of death of (x).

}',:;] = the annual premium for an endowment assurance on (x)

payable after 11 years or at the end of the year of death of (x) if he dies
within 11 years.

P.Jy = the annual premium for a contingent assurance payable at the

end ofthe year of death of (x) ifhe dies before (V).

In all cases it is optional to use the symbol P in conjunction with the

principal symbol denoting the benefit. Thus instead of }',:;] we may
write P(Ax ;] ) ' In the more complicated cases it is necessaty to use
:
the two symboIs in this way. Suffixes, etc., showing the conditions of
the benefit are to be' atiached to the principal letter, and those showing
the condition of payment of the premium are to be attached to the
subsidiary symbol P. Thus:
S(MU)

Il peAx ) = the annual premium payable for 11 years only for an

assurance payable at the moment of death of (x).

P',y (Ax ) = the annual premium payable during the joint Iives of (x) S(ID)

and Cv) for an assurance payable at the end ofthe year of death of (x).

Il P(n I a ) = the annual premium payable for 11 years only for an

x

annuity on (x) deferred 11 years.

Pension
Scheme

t p(lII) (Ax:;] ) = the annual premium payable for t years only, by m

instalments throughout the year, for an endowment assurance for n

years on (x) (see below as to p(III) ). Time

Series

127
 Notes. (1) As a generaI rule the symboi P could be used without the
principai sY1l1boi in the case of assurances where the SU1l1 assured is
payabie at the end of the year of death, but if it is payabie at other
times, or ifthe benefit is an ammity, then the principai sY1l1boi should
be used.

(2) p'Sm) . A point which was not brought out when the internationai
system was adopted is that there are two kinds of pre1l1iu1l1s payabie
m times a year, nameIy those which cease on pay1l1ent of the
instaiment i1l11l1ediateIy preceding death and those which continue to
be payabie to the end of the year of death. To distinguish the Iatter,
the 111 is s01l1etimes enclosed in square brackets, thus p[m] .

128
3 POLICY VALUES AND PAID-UP POLICIES

/f.y = the value of an ordinary whole-life assurance on (x) which has

been t years in force, the premium then just due being unpaid.

tw.y = the paid-up policy the present value of which is /f.y.

The symbols V and W may, in simple cases, be used alone, but in the
more complicated cases it is necessa1y to insert the full symbol for the
benefit thus:

Note. As a generai mIe VOI' W can be used as the main symbol if the
sum assured is payable at the end ofthe year of death and the
pre11lium is payable periodically throughout the duration of the
assurance. If the premium is payable for a li11lited number ofyears,
say 11, the policy value after t years could be written rL1 P(A)], or, if
desired, ? V(A).

In investigations where 11l0dified premiums and policy values are in

question such 11l0dification may be denoted by adding accents to the
symbols. Thus, when a pre11lium other than the net pre11lium S(MU)
(a valuation premium) is used in a valuation it may be denoted by P'
and the corresponding policy value by V'. Similarly, the office
(or c011l111ercial) pre11lium may be denoted by P" and the
corresponding paid-up policy by W" .
S(ID)

Pension
Scheme

Time
Series

129
4 COMPOUND SYMBOLS

(la) an annuity
= }
(lA) = an assurance
commencing at 1 and increasing 1 per annum.

If the whole benefit is to be temporary the symbol of limitation is

placed outside the brackets. Thus:

(la)x:;;-] = a temporaly increasing annuity.

(lA)�:;;-] = a temporaly increasing assurance.

If only the increase is to be temporaty but the benefit is to continue

thereafter, then the symbol of limitation is placed immediate1y after
the symbol l. Thus:

(l;;-]a)x a whole-life annuity

(hA),.
= ) increasing for 11 years and thereafter
= a whole-life assurance stationary.
111 .,

Ifthe benefit is a decreasing one, the corresponding symbol is D.

From the nature of the case this decrease must have a limit, as
otherwise negative values might be implied. Thus:

(DnlA)�:;;-] = a temporary assurance commencing at 11 and decreasing

by l in each successive year.

Ifthe benefit is a varying one the corresponding symbol is v. Thus:

(va) = a varying annuity.

1 30
5 COMMUTATION COLUMNS

5.1 SINGLE LIVES

Dx =: v l, ,
X
Nx Dx + Dx+1 +Dx+2 + etc .,
Sx =: N.l· + Nx+1 + NX+2 + etc.,
=:

Cx =: ]1'x ldx '

+
Mx =: Cx + Cx+1 + Cx+2 + etc.,
Rx = Mx +Mx+l + Mx+2 + etc.

When it is desired to construct the assurance columns so as to give

directly assurances payable at the moment of death, the symbols are
distinguished by a bar placed over them. Thus:

x+V, d Wh'lCh lS' an applOXlmatlOn to f ol x+t /l t / dt.

C-x =: V X . " V x+ x+t
Mx =: ç, + CX+1 + C.H2 + etc.
Rx =: Mx + Mx+l +Mx+2 + etc.
5.2 JOINT LIVES

Dxy =: vV, (x+y)/.l)"

N.l)' =: Dxy +Dx+l:y+l + DX+2:y+2 + etc. S (MU)

c.l)' =: vV,(x+y) +l dxY'

Mxy =: C.l)' + Cx+l:y+l +Cx+2:y+2 +etc.
l - V, (x+y)+ldx/y+
Cxy V v"
1
S(ID)

Mxy =: Cxy + Cx+1:y+1 + Cx+2:y+2 + etc.

1 l l

Pension
Scheme

Time
Series

131
6 SELECTION

If the suffix to a symbol which denotes the age is enclosed in a square

bracket it indicates the age at which the life was selected. To this
may be added, outside the bracket, the number ofyears which have
elapsed since selection, so that the total suffix denotes the present age.
Thus:

![x]+t = the number in the select life table who were selected at age x
and have attained age x + t.

d[x]+t = ![x ]+t - ![x]+t+l '

a[x] = value of an annuity on a life now aged x and now select.

a[x -n ]+11 = value of an anlluity on a life now aged x and select 11 years
ago at age x - 11 .

and similarly for other functions.

When Dr Sprague presented his statement [in 1900] he mentioned

that an objection had been raised that the notation in some cases
offers the choice of two symbols for the same benefit. For instance, a
temporary annuity may be denoted either by n ax or by ax:-,;-]' This is,
he says, a neceSSa1y consequence of the princip1es underlying the
system, and neither of the alternative forms could have been
suppressed without injury to the symmetry of the system.

132
 SICKNESS TABLE
(MANCHESTER UNITY METHODOLOGY)

S(MU)

This table was produced using the methodology underlying that of the
Manchester Unity Siclmess Experience 1 893-97. The underlying rates of
siclmess have, however,been updated to reflect more modern experience, and
have been combined with the mortality of English Life Tables No. 1 5 (Males).

S(MU)

S(ID)

Pension
Scheme

Time
Sel'ies

1 33
 S(MU)
CentraI rates of sickness (weeks per annum)
Duration of sickness in weeks
0-13 1 3-26 26-52 52-104 d04 Al!
Age Age
16 0.3 1 5 O 0.004 8 0.00 1 2 0.000 O 0.000 O 0.32 1 0 16
17 0.332 3 0.008 O 0.004 4 0.002 O 0.000 O 0.346 7 17
18 0.348 2 0.008 8 0.005 O 0.003 9 0.001 l 0.367 O 18
19 0.357 6 0.009 7 0.005 6 0.004 4 0.003 O 0.380 3 19

20 0.366 5 0.01 0 6 0.006 3 0.005 l 0.004 8 0.393 3 20

21 0.374 9 0.01 1 6 0.007 O 0.005 8 0.006 8 0.406 l 21
22 0.383 O 0.0 1 2 7 0.007 8 0.006 6 0.008 9 0.4 1 9 0 22
23 0.390 5 0.0 1 3 9 0.008 7 0.007 4 0.0 1 1 3 0.431 8 23
24 0.397 7 0.01 5 l 0.009 7 0.008 4 0.014 O 0.444 9 24
25 0.402 6 0.0 1 6 4 0.0 1 0 8 0.009 5 0.0 1 7 O 0.456 3 25
26 0.410 9 0.01 7 8 0.0 1 1 9 0.0 1 0 7 0.D20 3 0.47 1 6 26
27 0.4 1 7 l 0.0 1 9 3 0.0 1 3 2 0.01 2 O 0.024 l 0.485 7 27
28 0.423 O 0.020 9 0.0 1 4 6 0.0 1 3 5 0.028 4 0.500 4 28
29 0.428 7 0.022 5 0.01 6 l 0.01 5 l 0.033 2 0.5 1 5 6 29

30 0.434 4 0.024 3 0.0 1 7 7 0.0 1 6 9 0.038 6 0.53 1 9 30

31 0.439 8 0.026 2 0.0 1 9 5 0.0 1 8 9 0.044 8 0.549 2 31
32 0.445 4 0.028 3 0.02 1 5 0.02 1 1 0.05 1 8 0.568 l 32
33 0.451 O 0.D30 4 0.023 6 0.023 6 0.059 6 0.588 2 33
34 0.456 7 0.032 8 0.025 9 0.026 3 0.068 6 0.6 1 0 3 34
35 0.462 6 0.035 3 0.028 4 0.029 3 0.078 7 0.634 3 35
36 0.468 8 0.037 9 0.03 1 2 0.032 7 0.090 l 0.660 7 36
37 0.475 2 0.040 8 0.034 2 0.036 4 0. 1 03 l 0.689 7 37
38 0.482 2 0.043 9 0.037 6 0.040 5 0.1 1 7 9 0.722 l 38
39 0.489 8 0.047 3 0.04 1 2 0.045 2 0.134 6 0.758 l 39
40 0.497 9 0.050 9 0.045 3 0.050 3 0 . 1 53 6 0.798 O 40
41 0.506 7 0.054 8 0.049 7 0.056 l 0.175 2 0.842 5 41
42 0.5 1 6 3 0.059 l 0.054 6 0.062 5 0.199 7 0.892 2 42
43 0.526 9 0.063 8 0.060 l 0.069 7 0.227 7 0.948 2 43
44 0.538 6 0.068 9 0.066 l 0.077 8 0.259 5 1.010 9 44
45 0.55 1 4 0.074 5 0.072 9 0.086 9 0.295 9 1 .0 8 1 6 45
46 0.565 6 0.080 6 0.080 4 0.097 2 0.337 4 1.161 2 46
47 0.58 1 2 0.087 4 0.088 8 0. 1 08 8 0.385 O 1 .25 1 2 47
48 0.598 6 0.094 8 0.098 2 0. 122 O 0.439 5 1 .353 l 48
49 0.61 7 8 0.103 l 0. 1 08 8 0. 1 37 O 0.502 O 1 .468 7 49
50 0.639 O 0.1 12 3 0.1 20 7 0. 1 54 O 0.574 O 1 .600 O 50
51 0.662 6 0. 1 22 5 0.134 l 0. 173 4 0.656 9 1 .749 5 51
52 0.688 8 0.133 9 0.149 3 0. 1 95 6 0.752 7 1 .920 3 52
53 0.71 7 8 0.146 6 0.1 66 6 0.22 1 0 0.863 6 2. 1 1 5 6 53
54 0.749 9 0. 1 60 9 0. 1 86 2 0.250 3 0.992 l 2.339 4 54

55 0.785 6 0. 1 76 9 0.208 5 0.283 9 1 .1 4 1 6 2.596 5 55

56 0.825 l 0. 1 94 9 0.234 O 0.322 8 1 .3 1 5 8 2.892 6 56
57 0.869 l 0.2 1 5 3 0.263 2 0.367 7 1 .5 1 9 3 3.234 6 57
58 0.91 7 7 0.238 2 0.296 7 0.4 1 9 9 1 .757 8 3.630 3 58
59 0.971 7 0.264 2 0.335 l 0.480 4 2.037 8 4.089 2 59

60 1 .03 1 l 0.293 5 0.379 3 0.550 8 2.367 7 4.622 4 60

61 1 .096 8 0.326 8 0.430 O 0.632 8 2.757 4 5.243 8 61
62 1 . 169 O 0.364 3 0.488 4 0.728 5 3.21 8 9 5.969 l 62
63 1 .247 8 0.406 7 0.555 5 0.840 O 3.767 O 6.8 1 7 O 63
64 1 .333 5 0.454 3 0.632 5 0.970 O 4.419 8 7.8 1 0 l 64

1 34
 S(MU)
Present value of a sickness benefit payable at the rate of
1 per week during sickness of the following durations.
AlI benefits cease at the earlier of death or attainment of age 65.
Duration of sickness in weeks 4%

�
0-13 13-26 26-52 52-104 2 1 04 Al!
Age Age
16 1 0.236 1 . 1 13 1.171 1.515 5.786 1 9.821 16
17 1 0.329 1 .153 1.217 1 .576 6.02 1 20.297 17
18 10.412 1 . 1 92 1 .262 1 .639 6.266 20.771 18
19 10.482 1 .232 1 .309 1 .702 6.522 2 1 .246 19

20 10.546 1 .272 1 .357 1 .767 6.785 2 1 .726 20

21 10.603 1.313 1 .406 1 .834 7.057 22.21 3 21
22 1 0.654 1 .355 1 .456 1 .903 7.339 22.707 22
23 1 0.699 1 .398 1 .508 1 .974 7.630 23.209 23
24 " 1 0.739 1 .441 1 .560 2.047 7.93 1 23.71 8 24

25 1 0.772 1 .484 1 .6 1 4 2 . 1 22 8.241 24.235 25

26 10.802 1 .528 1 .669 2. 1 99 8.561 24.760 26
27 10.825 1 .573 1 .725 2.278 8.890 25.291 27
28 10.842 1.617 1 .783 2.359 9.229 25.830 28
29 10.853 1 .662 1 .841 2.442 9.578 26.376 29

30 1 0.860 1 .707 1 .899 2.527 9.936 26.929 30

31 1 0.862 1 .752 1 .959 2.613 10.303 27.489 31
32 1 0.858 1 .797 2.020 2.701 10.680 28.055 32
33 1 0.849 1 .842 2.080 2.790 1 1 .065 28.626 33
34 1 0.834 1 .887 2 . 1 42 2.880 1 1 .458 29.201 34
35 10.813 1 .93 1 2.203 2.972 1 1 .859 29.778 35
36 10.787 1 .974 2.265 3.064 1 2 .267 30.358 36
37 10.754 2.0 1 7 2.327 3 . 1 58 12.682 30.939 37
38 1 0.715 2.059 2.388 3.251 13. 1 03 3 1 .5 1 7 38
39 10.668 2. 1 00 2.449 3.345 13.527 32.089 39
40 1 0.613 2 . 1 39 2.509 3.438 13.953 32.653 40
41 1 0.548 2 . 1 76 2.568 3.53 1 14.380 33.203 41
42 1 0.473 2.21 2 2.625 3.622 14.804 33.735 42
43 1 0.387 2.245 2.680 3.710 15.223 34.245 43
44 1 0.288 2.274 2.732 3.796 1 5.634 34.725 44
45 1 0. 1 76 2.301 2.780 3.878 16.034 35. 1 69 45
46 1 0.048 2.323 2.825 3.955 1 6.418 35.569 46
47 9.904 2.341 2.864 4.026 16.781 35.91 6 47
48 9.740 2.353 2.898 4.090 17. 1 17 36. 199 48 S(ID)
49 9.556 2.360 2.925 4.145 1 7.419 36.405 49
50 9.348 2.359 2.944 4.1 89 1 7.678 36.5 1 7 50
51 9. 1 14 2.350 2.952 4.21 9 1 7.884 36.520 51
52 8.851 2.33 1 2.949 4.233 1 8.025 36.390 52
53 8.554 2.302 2.932 4.228 1 8.085 36. 1 0 1 53
54 8.21 9 2.259 2.899 4.200 1 8 .046 35.624 54 Pension
55 7.842 2.202 2.846 4. 1 43 1 7.888 34.921 55 Scheme
56 7.41 7 2.127 2.770 4.053 1 7.584 33.95 1 56
57 6.938 2.033 2.667 3.922 1 7 . 1 04 32.663 57
58 6.397 1.915 2.532 3.743 1 6.409 30.995 58
59 5.786 1 .769 2.358 3.506 1 5.455 28.875 59
60 5.096 1 .592 2.140 3 . 1 99 14. 1 84 26.2 1 1 60
61 4.3 1 6 1 .378 1 .867 2.808 1 2.528 22.897 61 Time
62 3.433 1 . 120 1 .5 3 1 2.3 1 6 10.401 1 8.800 62 Sel'ies
63 2.43 1 0.81 0 1.118 1 .702 7.698 13.759 63
64 1 .293 0.441 0.61 3 0.941 4.286 7.574 64

135
�i-Gf;QH""QI
 Annuity values, allowing for mortality only,
on the basis of ELT15 (Males)
4% x
ux:65-xl
16 2 1 .23 1
17 2 1 .072
18 20.9 1 1
19 20.746
20 20.573
21 20.394
22 20.208
23 20.01 5
24 19.813
25 1 9.604
26 1 9.385
27 1 9. 157
28 1 8.920
29 18.674
30 1 8.41 8
31 1 8. 152
32 1 7.875
33 1 7.588
34 1 7.289
35 16.979
36 16.658
37 16.326
38 15.982
39 1 5.626
40 1 5.256
41 14.873
42 14.476
43 14.064
44 13.638
45 13. 197
46 12.740
47 12.268
48 1 1 .779
49 1 1 .274
50 10.752
51 10.2 12
52 9.653
53 9.075
54 8.475
55 7.854
56 7.2 1 0
57 6.541
58 5.846
59 5. 123
60 4.368
61 3.580
62 2.754
63 1 .886
64 0.970

1 36
 SICKNESS TABLE
(INCEPTION RATE / DISABILITY
. ANNUITY METHODOLOGY)

S(ID)

This table was produced using an inception rate/disability annuity method

based on results presented in C.MI.R. 12. The following are tabulated:

• claim inception rates

• present values of current claim sickness annuities

• present values of annuities payable during sickness for lives currently

healthy

The annuities cease at the earliest of:

S(ID)
death;
attaimnent of age 65; ,
recovely from sickness.
Pension
Scheme

Time
Sel'ies

137
 S(ID)
Claim inception rates, (ia)x d , for the given
,

ages x �nd deferred periods d years.

(These rates are centraI, and (when d = O) allow for the possibility of falling
sick more than once during the year of age from x to x + l . It was assumed in
the constmction of this table that all lives are healthy at exact age 30.)
Deferred period in years, d
Age, x O 2
30 0.322 744
31 0.3 1 8 254 0.000 521
32 0.3 1 3 6 1 5 0.000 578 0.000 294
33 0.308 879 0.000 641 0.000 330
34 0.304 097 0.000 709 0.000 3 7 1

35 0.299 3 17 0.000 785 0.000 4 1 6

36 0.294 583 0.000 869 0.000 467
37 0.289 937 0.000 96 1 0.000 524
38 0.285 4 1 8 0.001 063 0.000 588
39 0.2 8 1 061 0.001 176 0.000 659

40 0.276 90 1 0.001 301 0.000 739

41 0.272 968 0.001 440 0.000 829
42 0.269 290 0.001 594 0.000 930
43 0.265 896 0.001 767 0.001 044
44 0.262 8 1 0 0.001 959 0.001 172

45 0.260 057 0.002 1 75 0.001 3 1 7

46 0.257 659 0.002 4 1 6 0.001 482
47 0.255 639 0.002 688 0.001 669
48 0.254 018 0.002 994 0.001 882
49 0.252 816 0.003 340 0.002 1 25

50 0.252 056 0.003 732 0.002 403

51 0.251 758 0.004 1 77 0.002 721
52 0.2 5 1 943 0.004 682 0.003 086
53 0.252 630 0.005 259 0.003 507
54 0.253 841 0.005 9 1 8 0.003 992

55 0.255 594 0.006 674 0.004 554

56 0.257 906 0.007 541 0.005 205
57 0.260 793 0.008 539 0.005 962
58 0.264 262 0.009 690 0.006 843
59 0.268 3 1 6 0.01 1 018 0.007 873

60 0.272 945 0.012 554 0.009 076

61 0.278 123 0.014 332 0.0 1 0 487
62 0.283 800 0.0 1 6 390 0.012 1 4 1
63 0.289 890 0.0 1 8 772 0.014 083
64 0.296 263 0.02 1 524 0.01 6 362

138
 S(ID)
Present values of sickness benefit payable continuously
at the rate of 1 per annUITI during sickness of the specified duration.
AH benefits cease at the earlier of death or attainment of age 65 .
6%
CURRENT STATUS = SICK CURRENT STATUS HEALTHY
=

The table below gives the present value, The table below gives the present val ue,
a.f; , of a "current claim" sickl1ess 311l1uity a�S(dlall) , ofsickness benefit payable during
for a sick life now aged lVith current
x sickness of duration at least d years for a life
duration of sickness years. (The annuity
z aged who is currently healthy. (The valuc allolVs
x

does not allolV for the possibility of future for the possibility of more than one episode of
new episodes of sickness.) sickness.)
Current duration of sickness, years z Dcferred period, d years
O
'.
I 2 O I 2
Age, x Age, x

30 0.033 3 3.570 2 5.41 8 O 30 0.330 580 0.142 025 0. 1 1 1 543

31 0.035 O 3.660 4 5.505 I 31 0.339 378 0.148 808 0. 1 16 826
32 0.036 8 3.75 1 9 5.59 1 5 32 0.348 3 1 1 0. 1 55 754 0. 1 22 226
33 0.038 8 3.844 3 5.676 9 33 0.357 354 0. 162 837 0. 1 27 7 1 4
34 0.04 1 0 3.937 5 5.761 0 34 0.366 480 0. 1 70 038 0. 1 33 274
35 0.043 5 4.031 I 5.843 2 35 0.375 647 0.177 324 0.138 875
36 0.046 2 4. 1 24 6 5.923 O 36 0.384 822 0. 1 84 665 0.144 486
37 0.049 2 4.2 1 7 8 5.999 7 37 0.393 952 0. 192 0 1 6 0.150 067
38 0.052 5 4.309 9 6.072 8 38 0.402 981 0. 1 99 327 0. 1 55 573
39 0.056 2 4.400 6 6.141 3 39 0.41 1 8 15 0.206 529 0. 160 944
40 0.060 3 4.488 9 6.204 4 40 0.420 352 0.2 13 550 0. 1 66 I I I
41 0.064 9 4.574 3 6.261 2 41 0.428 479 0.220 304 0. 1 7 1 001
42 0.069 9 4.655 7 6.3 10 6 42 0.436 077 0.226 698 0. 1 75 528
43 0.075 4 4.732 1 6.35 1 2 43 0.443 0 1 0 0.232 6 1 1 0. 1 79 594
44 0.081 5 4.802 3 6.38 1 9 44 0.449 125 0.237 925 0. 1 83 090
45 0.088 3 4.865 I 6.401 1 45 0.454 221 0.242 488 0. 1 85 885
46 0.095 7 4.9 1 8 9 6.407 1 46 0.458 091 0.246 146 0. 1 87 843
47 0.103 8 4.961 9 6.398 I 47 0.460 523 0.248 7 1 9 0.188 814
48 0.1 12 6 4.992 3 6.372 1 48 0.46 1 260 0.250 0 1 0 0. 1 88 628
49 0 . 1 22 I 5.008 O 6.326 9 49 0.460 0 1 0 0.249 788 0. 1 8 7 096
50 0.132 4 5.006 4 6.259 9 50 0.456 447 0.247 8 1 0 0. 1 84 025
51 0. 143 3 4.984 9 6. 168 6 51 0.450 241 0.243 825 0. 1 79 2 1 9
52 0.154 9 4.940 5 6.049 8 52 0.440 992 0.237 558 0. 1 72 462
53 0 . 1 67O 4.869 7 5.900 4 53 0.428 296 0.228 736 0. 1 63 569
54 0 . 1 79 3 4.768 8 5.716 9 54 0.4 1 1 745 0.2 1 7 100 0. 1 52 372
55 0.191 7 4.633 7 5.495 2 55 0.390 935 0.202 426 0.138 768
56 0.203 5 4.459 6 5.23 1 2 56 0.365 5 1 8 0. 1 84 575 0. 1 22 748
57 0.2 14 4 4.24 1 4 4.920 2 57 0.335 1 93 0. 1 63 508 0.1 04 447
58 0.223 4 3.973 3 4.557 I 58 0.299 804 0. 139 390 0.084 2 1 9 Pension
59 0.229 5 3.649 O 4. 1 36 3 59 0.259 4 1 0 0. 1 12 669 0.062 755
Scbeme
60 0.23 1 2 3.26 1 4 3.651 8 60 0.2 1 4 40 1 0.084 2 1 7 0.041 2 13
61 0.226 7 2.802 9 3.097 O 61 0. 1 65 680 0.055 536 0.02 1 441
62 0.2 1 3 4 2.264 3 2.464 8 62 0. 1 14 894 0.029 046 0.006 275
63 0.187 5 1 .633 6 1 .746 9 63 0.064 864 0.008 533 0.000 000
64 0.142 9 0.892 5 0.93 1 5 64 0.020 334 0.000 000 0.000 000
Time
Series

139
 Annuity values, allowing for mortality only,
on the basis of ELT1 5 (Males)
6% x a..:65-xl

16 1 5.881
17 1 5.813
18 15.744
19 15.673
20 15.597
21 15.51 7
22 15.432
23 15.342
24 1 5.247
25 15. 146
26 15.038
27 14.924
28 14.803
29 14.674
30 14.538
31 14.394
32 14.242
33 14.081
34 13.9 1 1
35 13.731
36 13.541
37 1 3.342
38 13.131
39 12.909
40 1 2.675
41 12.428
42 12.1 68
43 1 1 .893
44 1 1 .604
45 1 1 .299
46 1 0.978
47 10.640
48 1 0.284
49 9.91 0
50 9.5 1 6
51 9. 1 02
52 8.666
53 8.207
54 7.722
55 7.2 1 1
56 6.671
57 6.1 0 1
58 5.496
59 4.856
60 4. 1 76
61 3.452
62 2.679
63 1 .8 5 1
64 0.961

140
EXAMPLE PENSION SCHEME TABLE

PEN

Pension
Scheme

Time
Sel'ies

141
 PEN
Service table and relative salary scale

,
Agex l, Wx d, (, ':\' Sx s, = (1 .02)'" s: z, ZX+'Il Age x

16 100 000 l O 000 50 1 .000 1 .373 16

17 89 950 8 995 45 1 . 1 77 1 .648 17
18 80 9 1 0 8 091 41 1 .349 1 .927 18
19 7 2 778 7 278 36 1.513 2.204 19
20 65 464 6 546 33 1 .672 2.485 20
21 58 885 5 888 24 1 .823 2.763 21
22 52 973 5 296 21 1 .970 3.045 22
23 47 656 4 763 19 2. 108 3.324 23
24 42 874 4 070 17 2.241 3.605 24
25 38 787 3 487 16 2.366 3.882 25
26 35 284 2 994 Il 2.483 4. 1 55 26
27 32 279 2 577 IO 2.595 4.429 27
28 29 692 2 22 1 9 2.707 4.7 1 3 28
29 27 462 1 916 8 2.8 1 0 4.99 1 29
30 25 538 1 679 8 IO 2.914 5.278 4.71 1 4.852 30
31 23 841 1 472 lO 12 3.004 5.551 4.994 5.133 31
32 22 347 1 290 9 13 3.095 5.832 5.273 5.4 13 32
33 2 1 035 l 131 8 15 3.181 6. 1 1 5 5.554 5.693 33
34 19 881 989 8 18 3.259 6.389 5.833 5.972 34
35 1 8 866 863 9 21 3.328 6.655 6. 1 12 6.249 35
36 17 973 75 1 Il 21 3.392 6.920 6.386 6.520 36
37 1 7 1 90 650 12 22 3.448 7. 1 75 6.655 6.786 37
38 1 6 506 558 12 25 3.491 7.41 0 6.9 1 6 7.042 38
39 15 9 1 1 474 13 27 3.522 7.623 7. 1 68 7.285 39
40 1 5 397 413 14 31 3.539 7.8 14 7.403 7.509 40
41 14 939 356 13 34 3.543 7.980 7.6 16 7.71 1 41
42 14 536 303 14 38 3.539 8.129 7.806 7.890 42
43 14 1 8 1 254 16 41 3.522 8.252 7.974 8.047 43
44 13 870 207 17 44 3.504 8.375 8. 1 20 8.186 44
45 1 3 602 1 62 18 47 3.487 8.50 1 8.252 8.3 1 4 45
46 1 3 375 120 19 51 3.470 8.628 8.376 8.439 46
47 13 1 85 79 22 55 3.457 8.768 8.502 8.567 47
48 13 029 52 26 62 3.440 8.899 8.632 8.699 48
49 12 889 26 28 72 3.422 9.03 1 8.765 8.832 49
50 12 763 32 82 3.405 9. 165 8.899 8.965 50
51 12 649 35 94 3.392 9.3 1 3 9.032 9. 1 0 1 51
52 12 520 39 1 08 3.375 9.45 1 9. 1 70 9.240 52
53 1 2 373 43 125 3.358 9.591 9.3 10 9.3 8 1 53
54 12 205 47 145 3.345 9.745 9.452 9.524 54
55 1 2 013 51 1 68 3.328 9.889 9.596 9.669 55
56 1 1 794 55 1 93 3.3 1 0 10.034 9.742 9.815 56
57 1 1 546 58 220 3.297 10. 195 9.889 9.964 57
58 1 1 268 63 248 3.280 1 0.344 1 0.039 1 0. 1 15 58
59 lO 957 67 278 3.267 10.51 0 10.191 1 0.270 59
60 l O 612 73 310 3 68 1 3.250 10.663 1 0.350 10.428 60
61 6 548 50 219 516 3.233 10.81 9 1 0.506 1 0.585 61
62 5 763 49 223 453 3.220 10.991 10.664 10.744 62
63 5 038 48 224 395 3.203 1 1 .151 1 0.824 10.906 63
64 4 37 1 47 225 342 3 . 1 90 1 1 .328 1 0.987 1 1 .072 64
65 3 757 3 757 1 1 . 1 57 65

l 1
z , = - (S,_3 + S,_ , I)
. 2 + S,_ and Z
x+V'
= - (zr" + zr+l)
,' 3 ' 2

1 42
 PEN
Contribution functions 4%

Agex D,_= 15, = Fi,_ = .'ODx = sN.\. = sD.\. = Age x

I,
vx/ Y,CD,_ + D\+!) I, 15, sxPr s15x sxD
x ...;

16 53 391 49 784 4 1 3 287 68 343 1 5 1 3 322 73 294 16

17 46 1 78 43 059 363 503 70 948 1 444 979 76 087 17
18 39 939 37 241 320 444 7 1 761 1 374 03 1 76 959 18
19 34 544 32 2 10 283 203 70 993 1 302 270 76 136 19
20 29 877 27 859 250 992 69 232 1 23 1 277 74 248 20
21 25 841 24 096 223 134 66 590 1 1 62 045 7 1 410 21
22 22 352 20 844 1 99 037 63 476 1 095 455 68 070 22
23 1 9 335 1 8 03 1 178 1 93 59 929 1 03 1 979 64 265 23
24 1 6 726 1 5 638 1 60 1 63 56 376 972 050 60 299 24
25 1 4 550 1 3 638 144 525 52 947 9 1 5 673 56 486 25
26 1 2 72i' 1 1 961 130 887 49 693 862 726 52 875 26
27 1 1 1 95 lO 548 1 1 8 926 46 7 1 9 8 1 3 033 49 583 27
28 9 902 9 354 108 378 44 082 766 3 1 4 46 664 28
29 8 806 8 340 99 024 4 1 622 722 232 43 947 29
30 7 874 7 471 90 684 39 43 1 680 6 1 1 4 1 558 30
31 7 068 6 71 9 83 2 1 3 37 296 641 1 80 39 232 31
32 6 370 6 068 76 494 35 390 603 884 37 153 32
33 5 766 5 503 70 427 33 647 568 494 35 255 33
34 5 240 5 01 0 64 924 32 0 1 1 534 848 33 477 34
35 4 78 1 4 580 59 9 1 4 30 480 502 836 31 816 35
36 4 379 4 204 55 333 29 087 472 356 30 305 36
37 4 028 3 873 5 1 130 27 788 443 269 28 897 37
38 3 71 9 3 583 47 257 26 546 4 1 5 480 27 554 38
39 3 447 3 327 43 674 25 361 388 934 26 275 39
40 3 207 3 099 40 347 24 2 1 9 363 573 25 059 40
41 2 992 2 896 37 248 23 1 06 339 354 23 875 41
42 2 799 2 713 34 352 22 052 3 1 6 248 22 757 42
43 2 626 2 548 3 1 640 2 1 023 294 1 96 2 1 668 43
44 2 470 2 399 29 092 20 093 273 1 73 20 683 44
45 2 329 2 265 26 693 1 9 256 253 080 1 9 796 45
46 2 202 2 144 24 428 1 8 502 233 824 1 8 997 46
47 2 087 2 035 22 283 1 7 842 2 1 5 322 1 8 298 47
48 1 983 1 935 20 248 17 215 197 480 1 7 645 48
49 1 886 1 84 1 18 314 1 6 627 1 80 265 1 7 034 49
50 1 796 1 754 1 6 473 1 6 073 1 63 638 1 6 460 50
51 1 71 1 1 670 14 719 1 5 554 147 565 1 5 939 51
52 1 629 1 588 13 049 1 5 01 1 132 0 1 1 1 5 394 52
53 1 548 1 508 1 1 46 1 1 4 462 1 1 7 000 14 845 53
54 1 468 1 429 9 953 1 3 923 102 538 1 4 306 54
55 1 389 1 350 8 524 13 354 88 6 1 5 1 3 739 55
56 1 3 12 1 273 7 174 1 2 775 75 261 13 1 6 1 56
57 " 1 235 1 197 5 90 1 1 2 1 99 62 486 12 587 57
58 1 159 1 121 4 704 1 1 595 50 287 1 1 984 58
59 1 083 1 046 3 583 lO 993 38 692 1 1 385 59
60 1 009 804 2 537 8 570 27 699 lO 757 60
61 599 553 1 733 5 978 1 9 129 6 475 61
62 507 466 l181 5 123 13 152 5 567 62
63
64
426
355
390
324
715
324
4 354
3 674
8 028
3 674
4 748
4 023
63
64
Time
Series
65 294 65

143
 PEN
4% I11 health retirement functions

-;
}vI:. � R.�: =
Age .\" C.�. = C.��l = i,(�I = R.�:I = Age .\"
GX+Yl
X+Y1
V (, L C; L (M - Y,C:.)
; C.!.a:!-+l/l L c.!� L (M�' - Y2C�' )

16 414 15 416 7 023 252 924 16

17 414 1 5 002 7 023 245 90 1 17
18 414 14 588 7 023 238 878 18
19 414 1 4 1 73 7 023 23 1 855 19
20 414 1 3 759 7 023 224 83 1 20
21 414 1 3 345 7 023 2 1 7 808 21
22 414 1 2 930 7 023 2 1 0 785 22
23 414 12 516 7 023 203 762 23
24 414 1 2 102 7 023 1 96 739 24
25 414 1 1 688 7 023 189 7 1 5 25
26 414 1 1 273 7 023 1 82 692 26
27 414 lO 859 7 023 1 75 669 27
28 414 lO 445 7 023 1 68 646 28
29 414 lO 030 7 023 1 6 1 622 29
30 2 1 .852 3 414 9 616 66 7 023 1 54 599 30
31 2 1 .720 3 411 9 203 76 6 957 147 609 31
32 2 1 .583 4 408 8 794 78 6 88 1 140 690 32
33 2 1 .441 4 404 8 388 86 6 803 133 848 33
34 2 1 .294 5 400 7 986 99 6 7 17 127 088 34
35 2 1 . 142 5 395 7 588 1 10 6 61 7 120 421 35
36 20.985 5 390 7 1 95 105 6 507 1 13 859 36
37 20.822 5 385 6 807 1 05 6 402 107 404 37
38 20.654 6 380 6 425 1 14 6 297 1 0 1 055 38
39 20.48 1 6 375 6 047 1 17 6 1 83 94 8 1 5 39
40 20.302 6 369 5 676 1 29 6 065 88 691 40
41 20. 1 1 8 7 363 5 310 134 5 937 82 691 41
42 1 9.929 7 356 4 95 1 143 5 802 76 821 42
43 19.734 7 349 4 598 147 5 659 71 09 1 43
44 19.534 8 341 4 253 150 5 512 65 505 44
45 19.330 8 334 3 916 1 53 5 362 60 068 45
46 1 9. 120 8 326 3 586 1 57 5 2 10 54 782 46
47 1 8.906 9 317 3 265 161 5 052 49 651 47
48 1 8.669 9 309 2 95 1 1 73 4 89 1 44 679 48
49 1 8 .407 lO 300 2 647 1 90 4 7 18 39 875 49
50 18.135 11 289 2 353 205 4 528 35 251 50
51 1 7.853 12 278 2 069 223 4 323 30 826 51
52 1 7.561 14 266 1 797 242 4 100 26 6 15 52
53 17.259 15 252 1 538 265 3 858 22 635 53
54 1 6.948 17 236 1 294 290 3 594 1 8 909 54
55 1 6.625 19 219 1 066 317 3 304 1 5 461 55
56 1 6.292 21 200 856 343 2 987 12 315 56
57 15.949 23 1 79 667 368 2 644 9 500 57
58 1 5 .594 25 156 499 390 2 276 7 040 58
59 1 5.229 27 131 355 410 1 886 4 958 59
60 14.855 29 1 04 238 429 1 476 3 277 60
61 14.472 20 75 148 284 1 047 2 01 6 61
62 14.081 19 56 82 271 763 l111 62
63 1 3 .682 19 36 36 254 492 484 63
64 1 3.277 18 18 9 238 238 1 19 64

144
 PE N
III health retirement functions 4%

Age .\" s Xl.�a = s��a = ZC.��I = zÀ1.�a =

zR.�a = Age .\"
Sx (A1. �1 - Y2C. �I )
� � L sXI.�1 zx+�c.!� L zc.�a E (ZM;" - WC� ) '

16 9 64 1 1 533 946 64 06 1 2 399 660 16

17 1 1 572 1 524 304 64 061 2 335 599 17
18 1 3 533 1 5 1 2 732 64 061 2 27 1 539 18
19 1 5 480 1 499 1 99 64 061 2 207 478 19

20 1 7 454 1 483 720 64 06 1 2 143 4 1 7 20

21 1 9 409 1 466 266 64 06 1 2 079 357 21
22 2 1 388 1 446 858 64 061 2 01 5 296 22
23 23 343 1 425 470 64 061 1 95 1 235 23
24 25 320 1 402 1 26 64 061 1 887 1 75 24

25 27 2M 1 376 807 64 06 1 1 823 1 14 25

26 29 179 1 349 541 64 06 1 1 759 054 26
27 3 1 106 1 320 361 64 061 1 694 993 27
28 33 099 1 289 255 64 061 1 630 932 28
29 35 05 1 1 256 156 64 061 1 566 872 29

30 36 894 1 22 1 1 05 321 64 061 1 502 8 1 1 30

31 38 407 1 184 2 1 1 389 63 740 1 438 9 1 1 31
32 39 906 1 145 804 425 63 3 5 1 1 375 365 32
33 4 1 334 1 1 05 898 492 62 927 1 3 1 2 226 33
34 42 596 1 064 565 592 62 434 1 249 546 34

35 43 671 1 02 1 969 689 6 1 843 1 1 87 407 35

36 44 664 978 298 687 61 153 1 1 25 909 36
37 45 554 933 634 714 60 467 1 065 099 37
38 46 234 888 080 803 59 753 1 004 989 38
39 46 683 841 846 856 58 949 945 638 39

40 46 889 795 1 63 965 58 094 887 1 17 40

41 46 836 748 274 1 036 57 128 829 506 41
42 46 587 701 438 1 128 56 093 772 895 42
43 46 092 654 850 1 1 82 54 964 7 1 7 367 43
44 45 540 608 759 1 228 53 782 662 994 44
"
45 44 936 563 2 1 9 1 268 52 554 609 826 45
46 44 271 5 1 8 283 1 328 5 1 286 557 906 46
47 43 590 474 0 1 3 1 383 49 957 507 285 47
48 42 754 430 422 1 503 48 575 458 0 1 9 48
49 4 1 752 387 668 1 680 47 072 4 1 0 1 95 49

50 40 560 345 9 1 7 1 840 45 392 363 963 50

51 39 222 305 356 2 026 43 553 3 1 9 490 51
52 37 608 266 1 34 2 236 4 1 527 276 95 1 52
53 35 735 228 526 2 482 39 2 9 1 236 542 53
54 33 607 1 92 792 2 760 36 809 1 98 492 54

55 3 1 104 159 1 84 3 063 34 048 163 063 55

56 28 252 128 080 3 366 30 986 130 546 56
57 25 081 99 828 3 666 27 620 101 243 57
58 2 1 530 74 747 3 944 23 954 75 455 58
59 1 7 668 53 2 1 8 4 21 5 20 0 1 1 53 473 59

60 1 3 449 35 550 4 476 1 5 795 35 570 60

61 9 787 22 100 3 007 1 1 319 22 013 61
62 6 895 12 313 2 907 8 313 1 2 197 62
63 4 070 5 41 8 2 770 5 405 5 338 63 Time
64 1 348 1 348 2 635 2 635 1 318 64
Series

145
QfnH&.<":...n J
 PEN
4% Age retirement functions

R.�" = Cxnl = Age x

Age x -r
}.1.�a = �;a =
GX+Y1 C.� = M� =
( a�5 "x+Y1 1:-.: L C� L (M� - Y2C� ) ç�:a:�.+ Y2 L C.�a L (j'1.�:a - Y2c.�a )
at 65) ( v65 '65 ( v65 J'65 a��
at 65) at 65)

16 782 36 449 11 915 553 630 16

17 782 35 667 11 915 541 7 1 5 17
18 782 34 885 11 915 529 800 18
19 782 34 103 11 915 5 1 7 885 19
20 782 33 321 1 1 915 505 970 20
21 782 32 539 1 1 915 494 055 21
22 782 3 1 757 Il 915 482 140 22
23 782 30 975 1 1 915 470 225 23
24 782 30 1 93 1 1 915 458 3 1 0 24
25 782 29 4 1 1 11 915 446 395 25
26 782 28 629 11 915 434 479 26
27 782 27 847 11 915 422 564 27
28 782 27 065 11 915 4 1 0 649 28
29 782 26 284 11 915 398 734 29
30 782 25 502 1 1 915 386 8 1 9 30
31 782 24 720 1 1 915 374 904 31
32 782 23 938 Il 915 362 989 32
33 782 23 156 1 1 915 351 074 33
34 782 22 374 1 1 915 339 1 59 34
"
35 782 2 1 592 11 915 327 244 35
36 782 20 8 1 0 11 915 3 1 5 328 36
37 782 20 028 11 915 303 4 1 3 37
38 782 1 9 246 11 915 291 498 38
39 782 1 8 464 11 915 279 583 39
40 782 1 7 682 1 1 915 267 668 40
41 782 1 6 900 1 1 915 255 753 41
42 782 1 6 1 18 1 1 915 243 838 42
43 782 1 5 336 Il 915 23 1 923 43
44 782 1 4 554 1 1 915 220 008 44
45 782 1 3 773 11 915 208 093 45
46 782 1 2 991 11 915 1 96 1 77 46
47 782 1 2 209 11 915 1 84 262 47
48 782 1 1 427 11 915 1 72 347 48
49 782 lO 645 11 915 1 60 432 49
50 782 9 863 11 915 148 5 1 7 50
51 782 9 08 1 11 915 136 602 51
52 782 8 299 11 915 1 24 687 52
53 782 7 5 17 11 915 1 1 2 772 53
54 782 6 735 11 915 100 857 54
55 782 5 953 11 915 88 942 55
56 782 5 17 1 11 915 77 027 56
57 782 4 389 11 915 65 1 1 1 57
58 782 3 607 11 915 53 1 96 58
59 782 2 825 11 915 4 1 28 1 59
60 1 6.292 343 782 2 043 5 590 1 1 915 29 366 60
61 1 5.949 46 439 1 433 738 6 325 20 246 61
62 1 5.594 39 393 1 01 7 609 5 587 14 290 62
63 1 5.229 33 354 644 498 4 979 9 007 63
64 14.855 27 32 1 307 405 4 480 4 278 64
65 1 3.883 294 294 4 075 4 075 65

146
 PEN
Age retirement functions 4%

Age x s Xj :a = SR.�:II = ;:- C.�:a = z l\1.�:a = zR.�:a =

Age x
.�
L (Z J.\1.�:1I
:II
( � a
S.y i\( : _ �C.�:a ) L SXj.�:(/ ZX+Y1 C.�:(/ L ZC � _ Y2 z C.�:a )
.
( Z65q� at 65)
16 1 6 357 3 801 4 1 1 1 28 026 5 956 885 16
17 1 9 632 3 785 055 1 28 026 5 828 859 17
18 22 959 3 765 422 128 026 5 700 833 18
19 26 262 3 742 463 1 28 026 5 572 807 19
20 29 6 1 0 3 7 1 6 20 1 128 026 5 444 781 20
21 32 927 3 686 591 128 026 5 3 1 6 755 21
22 36 285 3 653 664 128 026 5 1 88 729 22
23 39 602 3 61 7 379 128 026 5 060 703 23
24 42 955 3 577 776 1 28 026 4 932 677 24
25 4�1l 258 3 534 821 1 28 026 4 804 651 25
26 49 504 3 488 563 128 026 4 676 625 26
27 52 773 3 439 059 128 026 4 548 599 27
28 56 153 3 386 286 128 026 4 420 573 28
29 59 465 3 330 133 128 026 4 292 547 29
30 62 887 3 270 668 128 026 4 164 521 30
31 66 137 3 207 781 1 28 026 4 036 495 31
32 69 493 3 14 1 643 128 026 3 908 469 32
33 72 857 3 072 1 5 1 128 026 3 780 443 33
34 76 127 2 999 294 128 026 3 652 4 1 7 34
35 79 293 2 923 1 67 128 026 3 524 390 35
36 82 450 2 843 874 128 026 3 396 364 36
37 85 488 2 76 1 424 1 28 026 3 268 338 37
38 88 288 2 675 936 128 026 3 140 3 1 2 38
39 90 832 2 587 648 1 28 026 3 0 12 286 39
40 93 102 2 496 8 1 6 128 026 2 884 260 40
41 95 080 2 403 7 1 4 1 28 026 2 756 234 41
42 96 863 2 308 634 128 026 2 628 208 42
43 98 3 1 9 2 2 1 1 771 128 026 2 500 1 82 43
44 99 795 2 1 1 3 452 128 026 2 372 156 44
45 101 290 2 01 3 657 128 026 2 244 130 45
46 1 02 805 l 9 1 2 367 128 026 2 1 1 6 1 04 46
47 104 470 l 809 562 128 026 l 988 078 47
48 1 06 028 l 705 092 128 026 l 860 052 48
49 1 07 607 l 599 064 128 026 1 732 026 49
50 109 206 1 49 1 457 1 28 026 1 604 000 50
51 1 10 967 l 382 252 128 026 1 475 974 51
52 1 12 6 1 1 l 27 1 285 128 026 l 347 948 52
53 1 14 276 l 158 674 128 026 1 21 9 921 53
54 1 16 1 13 l 044 398 128 026 1 091 895 54
55 1 1 7 825 928 285 128 026 963 869 55
56 1 1 9 559 8 1 0 460 128 026 835 843 56
57 1 2 1 473 690 902 128 026 707 8 1 7 57
58 123 255 569 428 128 026 579 791 58
59 125 224 446 1 73 1 28 026 451 765 59
60 97 250 320 949 58 293 1 28 026 323 739 60
61 64 439 223 699 7 807 69 733 224 859 61
62 58 066 159 260 6 541 61 926 159 030 62
63 52 736 1 0 1 1 94 5 436 55 385 100 374 63
64 48 458 48 458 4 482 49 949 47 708 64
65 45 467 45 467 65
Time
Series

147
Qf.n"'�c."f;.nnJ
 PEN
4% Functions for return of contributions, accumulated
with interest at 2% p.a., on death

Agex jc.�!= jlvI� = Fi?;= sjR.�1 = Age x

v,w, (l + j)-'"+v, d, I)c� Md

LC '\
-Yz jc" ) .1
L.Sx CMd(1 +-'Ij)2-'"+jCd
.\ X
)
(l + j)'
+ Y' Y'

16 36 601 7 617 39 369 16

17 32 565 7 196 38 791 17
18 29 533 6 808 38 152 18
19 25 504 6 449 37 459 19
20 22 480 6 1 14 36 722 20
21 16 457 5 802 35 946 21
22 14 442 5 508 35 134 22
23 12 428 5 230 34 286 23
24 11 416 4 965 33 405 24
25 \O 406 4 712 32 494 25
26 7 396 4 470 31 555 26
27 6 389 4 238 30 590 27
28 5 383 4 014 29 598 28
29 5 378 3 797 28 577 29
30 4 374 3 588 27 531 30
31 5 369 3 385 26 460 31
32 5 364 3 188 25 369 32
33 4 359 2 998 24 262 33
34 4 355 2 815 23 138 34
35 5 351 2 636 22 000 35
36 5 346 2 464 20 852 36
37 6 341 2 297 19 698 37
38 6 335 2 136 18 544 38
39 6 329 1 981 17 396 39
40 6 323 1 832 16 258 40
41 6 317 1 689 15 136 41
42 6 311 1 551 14 035 42
43 7 305 1 418 12 956 43
44 7 298 1 290 11 904 44
45 7 291 l 168 \O 882 45
46 8 283 1 052 9 891 46
47 9 276 940 8 930 47
48 \O 267 834 8 001 48
49 11 257 734 7 \09 49
50 12 246 640 6 256 50
51 13 234 551 5 446 51
52 14 221 469 4 681 52
53 15 207 394 3 965 53
54 16 192 324 3 302 54
55 17 176 262 2 693 55
56 18 158 206 2 142 56
57 19 140 157 1 653 57
58 20 121 1 16 1 227 58
59 21 101 81 867 59
60 23 80 53 575 60
61 15 57 32 355 61
62 15 42 18 197 62
63 14 27 8 86 63
64 13 13 2 21 64
148
 PEN
Functions for return of contributions, accumulated 4%
with interest at 2% p.a., on withdrawal

Agex jC.�I' = j1l1.�.I'= jR.�)' =

SjR�. I' = Age x
Ls ( jl\1.�.I' - � jC.�.I' )
+
v,·t Y1i1 j)X+ Yl l1'x L jC.�)' L
(jM"'
X - Y2 jC'..\" )
+
(1 jr+Y'
x
(1+ jr+'h
16 7 259 55 286 230 458 622 984 16
17 6 404 48 027 193 200 571 836 17
18 5 649 41 624 161 503 519 609 18
19 4 984 35 974 134 605 467 779 19
20 4 396 30 991 1 1 1 848 417 622 20
21 3 878 26 594 92 662 369 943 21
22 3 421 22 716 76 556 325 433 22
23 3 018 19 294 63 103 284 465 23
24 2 529 16 277 5 1 935 247 347 24
25 2 125 13 747 42 694 214 031 25
26 1 790 11 622 35 038 184 310 26
27 1 51 1 9 832 28 691 157 939 27
28 1 277 8 322 23 425 134 617 28
29 1 080 7 045 19 056 1 14 025 29
30 929 5 964 15 429 95 926 30
31 798 5 036 12 423 80 058 31
32 686 4 237 9 938 66 267 32
33 590 3 551 7 892 54 334 33
34 506 2 961 6 215 44 080 34
35 433 2 454 4 848 35 344 35
36 370 2 021 3 740 27 971 36
37 3 14 1 652 2 849 2 1 802 37
38 264 1 338 2 137 16 699 38
39 220 1 074 1 575 12 531 39
40 1 88 853 I 134 9 171 40
41 159 665 794 6 510 41
42 133 506 536 4 454 42
43 109 374 346 2 913 43
44 87 264 212 1 800 44
45 67 177 120 1 034 45
46 49 I lO 62 538 46
47 31 62 27 242 47
48 20 30 IO 85 48
49 lO lO 2 17 49

Time
Series

149
150
 SAMPLE TIME SERIES

Contents Page

RPI 1 52
NAEI 153
FTSE 1 00 1 54
Death Counts 155
Bank B ase Rates 1 56
National Lottely 1 57

This section shows the data values and related summary statistics for various
observed time serieso These could be used in discussions of time seri es
modelling focusing on the following concepts:

• stationarity
• differencing
• seasonality
• autocorrelation
• choice of model
• ARIMA models
• parameter estimatiOll
• residual analysis
• forecasting

The left-hand side of each table shows an extract of the data values for the
time serieso

The right-hand side of each table shows summary statistics based on the full
range of values for the series over the stated periodo
Time
Series

151
 Time Series - RPI

This dataset shows the monthly Retail Prices Index for the 1 0-year period from January
1992 to December 200 1 . These figures represent the prices of a representative "basket" of
goods purchased in the UK.
Data va1ues Summary statistics
Month Q[ VQ[ V2Q[ Q[ VQ[ V2 Q[
Jan-92 O 135.6 11 120 1 19 118
Feb-92 136.3 0.7 lnean 155.4 0.3 0.0
Mar-92 2 136.7 0.4 -0.3 s.d. 1 1.9 0.6 0.8
Apr-92 3 138.8 2.1 1.7 n1in 135.6 -1.3 -1.6
May-92 4 139.3 0.5 -1.6 lnax 174.6 2.1 2.2
Jun-92 5 139.3 0.0 -0.5
Jul-92 6 138.8 -0.5 -0.5 [i 0.977 0.083 -0.404
Aug-92 7 138.9 0.1 0.6 li 0.954 -0.101 -0.006
Sep-92 8 139.4 0.5 0.4 13 0.930 -0.285 -0.218
Oct-92 9 139.9 0.5 0.0 14 0.908 -0.047 0.1 14
15 0.887 -0.012 -0.128
Mar-Ol I lO 172.2 0.2 -0.7 '6 0.866 0.240 0.315
Apr-Ol III 173.1 0.9 0.7 'il 0.729 0.637 0.671
May-Ol 1 12 174.2 1.1 0.2
Jun-Ol 113 174.4 0.2 -0.9 tl>l 0.977 0.083 -0.404
Jul-Ol 1 14 173.3 -1.1 -1.3 tl>2 -0.019 -0.109 -0.201
Aug-Ol 1 15 174.0 0.7 1.8 tl>3 -0.028 -0.272 -0.376
Sep-Ol 1 16 174.6 0.6 -0.1 tl>4 0.037 -0.017 -0.235
Oct-Ol 1 17 174.3 --{l.3 -0.9 tl>s 0.003 -0.066 -0.391
Nov-Ol 1 18 173.6 --{l.7 --{l.4 tl>6 -0.011 0.179 -0.028
Dec-Ol 1 19 173.4 --{l.2 0.5

180

170

1 60

Qt 150

140

1 3 0 f--�-�---, -- -, - -�- - ,-�� ---

, -

O lO 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

1 52
 Time Series - NAEI

This dataset shows the 1110nthly UK National Average Earnings Index for the l O-year period
fì'om January 1 992 to December 200 l . These figures are NOT seasonally adjusted.

Data values SUl11l11ary statisties

Month Et V'E, V'2 E, E, V'E, V'2E,
Jan-92 O 88.5 1/ 120 1 19 118
Feb-92 89.8 1.3 mean 108.0 0.4 0.0
Mar-92 2 91.1 1.3 0.0 s.d. 12.9 2.2 3.4
Apr-92 3 89.5 -1.6 -2.9 min 88.5 -6.8 -10.8
May-92 4 90.1 0.6 2.2 l11ax 134.8 7.3 7.8
Jun-92 5 91.1 1.0 0.4
JuI-92 6 91.6 0.5 -0.5 li 0.959 -0.245 -0.5 1 1
Aug-92 7 90.9 -0.7 -1.2 12 0.932 -0.197 -0.163
Sep-92 8 90.7 -0.2 0.5 13 0.912 0.252 0.358
Oel-92 9 91.5 0.8 1.0 14 0.883 -0.170 -0.212
15 0.859 -0.065 0.056
Mar-01 I lO 134.8 0.9 -4.3 '6 0.835 -0.103 -0.042
Apr-01 III 128.4 -6.4 -7.3 'il 0.706 0.823 0.801
May-Ol 1 12 127.7 -0.7 5.7
Jun-Ol 1 13 129.3 1.6 2.3 <1> 1 0.959 -0.245 -0.51 1
JuI-OI 1 14 128.9 -0.4 -2.0 <1>2 0.160 -0.274 -0.573
Aug-Ol 1 15 127.8 -1.1 -0.7 <1>3 0.103 0. 141 -0.131
Sep-Ol 1 16 127.6 -0.2 0.9 <1>4 -0.084 -0.131 -0.153
Oet-Ol 1 17 128.1 0.5 0.7 <1>5 0.015 -0.065 0.050
Nov-Ol 1 18 128.6 0.5 0.0 <1>6 -0.008 -0.276 -0.140
Dee-Ol 1 19 134.1 5.5 5.0

140

130

120

Et 110

100

90

80
O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

1 53
 Time Series - FTSE 100

This dataset shows the monthly FTSE 100 index for the l O-year period from January 1 992
to December 200 1 . The index is based on the average closing prices ofthe top 1 00 ill(
shares 011 the last day of each month.

Data values SlIlnmary statistics

Month St VSt V2St St 'l'S, V2St
Jan-92 O 2 571.2 Il 120 1 19 118
Feb-92 2 562.1 -9.1 lnean 4 447.4 22.2 0.2
Mar-92 2 2 440.1 -122.0 -1 12.9 s.d. l 394.3 192.3 277.4
Apr-92 3 2 654.1 214.0 336.0 min 2 312.6 -661.7 -994.7
May-92 4 2 707.6 53.5 -160.5 max 6 930.2 426.7 625.8
Jun-92 5 2 521.2 -186.4 -239.9
Jul-92 6 2 399.6 -121.6 64.8 'i 0.982 -0.031 -0.474
Aug-92 7 2312.6 -87.0 34.6 'i 0.963 -0.085 -0.043
Sep-92 2 553.0 240.4 327.4 '3 0.946 -0.049 -0.052
Oct-92 9 2 658.3 105.3 -135.1 '4 0.932 0.094 0.127
'5 0.914 -0.028 -0.030
Mar-Ol 1 10 5 633.7 -284.2 95.4 '6 0.895 -0.087 -0.020
Apr-Ol 111 5 966.9 333.2 617.4 'i 2 0.768 0.026 -omo
May-Ol 1 12 5 796.1 -170.8 -504.0
Jun-Ol 113 5 642.5 -153.6 17.2 <il I 0.982 -0.031 -0.474
Jul-01 1 14 5 529.1 -113.4 40.2 <il2 -0.001 -0.087 -0.345
Aug-Ol 115 5 345.0 -184.1 -70.7 <il3 0.016 -0.055 -0.356
Sep-Ol 1 16 4 903.4 --441.6 -257.5 <il4 0.070 0.084 -0.178
Oct-Ol 117 5 039.7 136.3 577.9 <ils -0.090 -0.031 -0.113
Nov-Ol 1 18 5 203.6 163.9 27.6 <il6 -0.059 -0.078 -0.083
Dec-Ol 1 19 5 217.4 13.8 -150.1
7 000
6 000
5 000
SI 4 000
3 000
2 000 --r----
I

O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

FTSE""·
�

Copyright © FTSE International Limited 2002. Al! righls reserved. "FTSE"'" and "Footsie®"are trade marks
ofthe London Stock Exchange Pie and The FinancÌal Times Limited and are used by FTSE International
Limited under licence.

1 54
 Time Series - Death Counts

This dataset shows the annual number of deaths recorded in England & Wales for the
39-year period from 1961 to 1999.
Data values Summary statistics
Year e, V'e, V'2 e, e, V'e, V' 2 e,
1961 o 551 752 Il 39 38 37
1962 557 636 5 884 mean 570 980 115 -129
1963 2 572 868 15 232 9 348 s.d. 14 695 15 067 26 798
1964 534 737 -38 131 -53 363 min 534 737 -38 131 -53 363
1965 4 549 379 14 642 52 773 max 598 516 34 238 55 346
1966 5 563 624 14 245 -397
1967 6 542 516 -21 108 -35 353 'i 0.452 -0.541 -0.668
1968 7 576 754 34 238 55 346 'i 0.470 -0.033 0.100
1969 8 5 79 378 2 624 -3 1 614 '3 0.558 0.204 0.1 13
1970 9 575 194 -4 184 -6 808 '4 0.356 0.059 0.061
'5 0.145 -0.278 -0.249
1990 29 564 846 -12 026 -17 490 'i, 0.222 0.181 0.143
1991 30 570 044 5 198 17 224
1992 31 558 313 -1 1 731 -16 929 <I>! 0.452 -0.541 -0.668
1993 32 578 799 20 486 32 217 <1>2 0.334 -0.460 -0.624
1994 33 553 194 -25 605 -46 091 <1>3 0.375 -0.127 -0.578
1995 34 569 683 16 489 42 094 <1>4 -0.026 0.264 -0.163
1996 35 560 135 -9 548 -26 037 <1>5 -0.353 0.000 -0.082
1997 36 555 281 -4 854 4 694 <1>6 -0.089 -0.064 -0.327
1998 37 555 015 -266 4 588
1999 38 556 1 18 l 103 1 369

650 000

600 000

Elt 550 000

500 000

450 ·000
o 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1 55
 Time Series - Bank Base Rates

This dataset shows the daily Bank Base Rate for the 10-year period from 1 January 1992 to
3 1 December 200 1 . These figures act as a benchmark for interest rates in the UK.

Data values Summary statistics

Date K, 'l'K, 'l'2 K, K, 'l'K, 'l'2 K,
01-Jal1-92 O 10.50 1/ 3 653 3 652 3 65 1
02-Jal1-92 I 10.50 0.00 lnean 6.39 0.00 0.00
03-Jal1-92 2 10.50 0.00 0.00 s.d. 1.33 0.07 0.09
04-Jal1-92 3 10.50 0.00 0.00 min 4.00 -2.00 -2.00
05-Jal1-92 4 10.50 0.00 0.00 max 12.00 2.00 2.00
06-Jal1-92 5 10.50 0.00 0.00
07-Jal1-92 6 10.50 0.00 0.00 'i 0.997 -0.001 -0.374
08-Jal1-92 7 10.50 0.00 0.00 'i 0.994 -0.253 -0.252
09-Jal1-92 8 10.50 0.00 0.00 '3 0.992 -0.001 0.063
10-Jal1-92 9 10.50 0.00 0.00 '4 0.989 0.125 0.126
'5 0.987 -0.001 0.000
22-Dec-OI 3 643 4.00 0.00 0.00 '6 0.984 -0.127 -0. 126
23-Dec-OI 3 644 4.00 0.00 0.00 1365 -0.064 -0.004 0.006
24-Dec-01 3 645 4.00 0.00 0.00
25-Dec-01 3 646 4.00 0.00 0.00 �I 0.997 -0.001 -0.374
26-Dec-01 3 647 4.00 0.00 0.00 �2 -0.002 -0.253 -0.456
27-Dec-01 3 648 4.00 0.00 0.00 �J 0.103 -0.001 -0.359
28-Dec-01 3 649 4.00 0.00 0.00 �4 -0.001 0.066 -0.215
29-Dec-01 3 650 4.00 0.00 0.00 �5 -0.043 -0.001 -0.107
3D-Dee-DI 3 651 4.00 0.00 0.00 �6 -0.001 -0.086 -0.174
3 l-Dee-DI 3 652 4.00 0.00 0.00

13
12
11
lO
9
8
KI
6

O 1 000 2 000 3 000

1 56
 Time Series - N ational Lottery
This dataset shows the bonus ball number drawn in the UK National Lottery* (Saturdays
only) up to 29 December 200 1 .
Data values Summary statistics
Date L, \1L, \12 L, L, \1L, \12 L,
19-Nov-94 O lO 1/ 370 369 368
26-Nov-94 37 27.0 luean 25.87 0.08 0.02
03-0ec-94 2 3 1 -6.0 -33.0 s.d. 14.40 19.32 33.10
1O-0ec-94 28 -3.0 3.0 min 1.00 -46.00 -90.00
17-0ec-94 4 30 2.0 5.0 max 49.00 46.00 87.00
24-0ec-94 5 6 -24.0 -26.0
3 1-0ec-94 6 16 10.0 34.0 'i 0.100 -0.471 -0.648
07-Jan-95 7 46 30.0 20.0 'i 0.056 -0.027 0.139
14-Jan-95 8 48 2.0 -28.0 '3 0.059 0.005 0.003
21-Jan-95 9 4 -44.0 --46.0 '4 0.054 0.D30 0.036
'5 -0.005 -0.042 -0.031
27-0cl-Ol 360 33 19.0 1 1.0 '6 0.003 -0.038 -0.049
03-Nov-Ol 361 17 -16.0 -35.0 152 0.D10 0.048 0.052
l O-Nov-O l 362 39 22.0 38.0
17-Nov-Ol 363 -38.0 -60.0 <PI 0.100 -0.471 -0.648
24-Nov-Ol 364 28 27.0 65.0 <P2 0.047 -0.320 -0.484
01-Oec-Ol 365 I l -17.0 -44.0 <p) 0.049 -0.233 -0.400
08-0ec-Ol 366 9 -2.0 15.0 <P4 0.041 -0.135 -0.266
15-0ec-Ol 367 16 7.0 9.0 <P5 -0.019 -0.139 -0.165
22-Dec-OI 368 8 -8.0 -15.0 <P6 -0.002 -0.192 -0.251
29-Dec-Ol 369 41 33.0 41.0

50

40

30

Lt
20

10

O
O 100 20 0 3 00

* Note. The UK National Lottery draws seven balls (without replacement) from 49 balls
numbered fro111 1 to 49. The bonus ball is the seventh ball drawn.

1 57
158
 STATISTICAL TABLES

Conteflts Page

Standard Normal probabilities 1 60

Standard Normal percentage points 1 62
t percentage points 1 63
2
X probabilities 1 64
2
X percentage points 1 68
F percentage points 1 70
Poisson probabilities 1 75
Binomial probabilities 1 86
CriticaI values for the grouping of signs test 1 89
Pseudorandom values from U(O, l ) and fì-om N(O, l ) 1 90

159
 Probabilities for the Standard Normal distribution

The distribution function is denoted by <D(x) , and the probability density function is denoted
by �(x) .

cD (x) = f .x <j>(t)dt =-J21tl S -x

- 00 2n -00
e- \!'
t 2 dt x

//I \�( )
---� - -�- -

O x

x <D(x) x <D(x) x <D(x) x <D(x) x <D (x)

0.50000 0.65542 0.78814 0.88493 0.94520
0.50399 0.88686 0.94630
0.00 1.20 1.60
0.65910 0.79103
0.40 0.80

0.50798 0.88877 0.94738

0.01 1.61
0.66276 0.79389
0.41 0.81 1.21

0.51 197 0.79673 0.89065 0.94845

1.22 1.62
0.66640
0.02 0.42 0.82

0.51595 0.89251 0.94950

0.03 1.23
0.79955
1.63
0.67003
0.43 0.83
0.04 0.44 0.84 1 .24 1 .64

0.51994 0.67364 0.80234 0.89435 0.95053

0.52392 0.89617- 0.95154
1.25 1.65
0.8051 1
0.05
0.67724
0.45 0.85

0.52790 0.80785 0.89796 0.95254

0.06 1.26 1 .66
0.68082
0.46 0.86

0.53188 0.89973 0.95352

1.27 1.67
0.68439 Q.81057
0.07 0.47 0.87

0.53586 0.90147 0.95449

1.68
0.81327
0.08 1.28
0.68793
0.48 0.88
0.09 0.49 0.89 1.29 1.69

0.53983 0.69146 0.81594 0.90320 0.95543

0.54380 0.81859 0.90490 0.95637
0.10 1.30 1.70
0.69497
0.50 0.90

0.54776 0.90658 0.95728

0.11 1.31 1.71
0.69847 0.82121
0.51 0.91

0.55172 0.90824 0.95818

1.72
0.82381
0.12 1.32
0.70194
0.52 0.92

0.55567 0.90988 0.95907

0.13 1.33 1.73
0.70540 0.82639
0.53 0.93
0.14 0.54 0.94 1.34 1.74

0.55962 0.70884 0.82894 0.9 1 149 0.95994

0.56356 0.91309 0.96080
1.35 1.75
0.83 147
0.15
0.71226
0.55 0.95

0.56749 0.7156� 0.91466 0.96164

1.76
0.83398
0.16 0.56 0.96 1.36

0.57142 0.91621 0.96246

1.37
0.83646
1.77
0.7190
0.17 0.57 0.97

0.57535 0.91774 0.96327

1.38 1.78
0.83891
0.18
0.72240
0.58 0.98
0.19 0.59 0.99 1.39 1.79

0.57926 0.72575 0.84134 0.91924 0.96407

0.58317 0.92073 0.96485
1.80
0.84375
0.20 0.60 1.40
0.72907
1.00

0.58706 0.92220 0.96562

1.81
0.84614
0.21 1.41
0.73237
0.61 1.01

0.92364 0.96638
1.82
0.59095
1 .42
0.84849
0.22
0.73565
0 .62 1.02

0.59483 0.92507 0.96712

0.23 1.43 1.83
0.73891 0.85083
0.63 1.03
0.24 0.64 1.04 1.44 1.84

0.59871 0.74215 0.85314 0.92647 0.96784

0.60257 0.92785 0.96856
1.45 1.85
0.85543
0.25
0.74537
0.65 1.05

0.60642 0.92922 0.96926

1.46 1.86
0.74857 0.85769
0.26 0.66 1.06

0.61026 0.93056 0.96995

0.27 1 .47 1 .87
0.75175 0.85993
0.67 1.07

0.61409 0.93189 0.97062

1.48 1.88
0.86214
0.28
0.75490
0.68 1.08
0.29 0.69 1.09 1.49 1.89

0.61791 0.75804 0.86433 0.93319 0.97128

0.62172 0.93448 0.97193
1.50 1.90
0.76115 0.86650
0.30 0.70 1.10
l. I l
0.62552 0.93574 - 0.97257
1.51 1.91
0.86864
0.31
0.76424
0.71

0.93699 0.97320
1.92
0.62930
0.32 1.52
0.76730 0.87076
0.72 1.12

0.63307 0.93822 0.97381

1.53 1.93
0.87286
0.33
0.77035
0.73 1.13
0.34 0.74 1 . 14 1.54 1.94

0.63683 0.77337 0.87493 0.93943 0.97441

0.94062 0.97500
1.55 1.95
0.64058 0.87698
0.35
0.77637
0.75 1.15

0.94179 0.97558
1.96
0.64431 0.87900
0.36 1.56
0.77935
0.76 1.16

0.94295 0.97615
1.97
0.64803
0.37 1.57
0.78230 0.88100
0.77 1.17

0.94408 0.97670
1.58 1.98
0.65173 0.88298
0.38
0.78524
0.78 1.18
0.39 0.79 1.19 1.59 1.99

0.40 0.65542 0.80 0.78814 1.20 0.88493 1.60 0.94520 2.00 0.97725

160
 Probabilities for the Standard Normal distribution
x <D(x) x <D(x) x <D(x) x <D(x) x <D(x) x <D(x)
2.00 0.97725 2.40 0.99180 2.80 0.99744 3.20 0.9993 1 3.60 0.99984 4.00 0.99997
2.01 0.97778 2.41 0.99202 2.81 0.99752 3.21 0.99934 3.61 0.99985 4.01 0.99997
2.02 0.97831 2.42 0.99224 2.82 0.99760 3.22 0.99936 3.62 0.99985 4.02 0.99997
2.03 0.97882 2.43 0.99245 2.83 0.99767 3.23 0.99938 3.63 0.99986 4.03 0.99997
2.04 0.97932 2.44 0.99266 2.84 0.99774 3.24 0.99940 3.64 0.99986 4.04 0.99997
2.05 0.97982 2.45 0.99286 2.85 0.99781 3.25 0.99942 3.65 0.99987 4.05 0.99997
2.06 '0.98030 2.46 0.99305 2.86 0.99788 3.26 0.99944 3.66 0.99987 4.06 0.99998
2.07 0.98077 2.47 0.99324 2.87 0.99795 3.27 0.99946 3.67 0.99988 4.07 0.99998
2.08 0.98124 2.48 0.99343 2.88 0.99801 3.28 0.99948 3.68 0.99988 4.08 0.99998
2.09 0.98 1 69 2.49 0.99361 2.89 0.99807 3.29 0.99950 3.69 0.99989 4.09 0.99998
2.10 0.982 14 2.50 0.99379 2.90 0.99813 3.30 0.99952 3.70 0.99989 4.10 0.99998
2.11 0.98257 2.51 0.99396 2.91 0.998 19 3.31 0.99953 3.71 0.99990 4.1 1 0.99998
2.12 0.98300 2.52 0.9941 3 2.92 0.99825 3.32 0.99955 3.72 0.99990 4.12 0.99998
2.13 0.98341 2.53 0.99430 2.93 0.9983 1 3.33 0.99957 3.73 0.99990 4.13 0.99998
2.14 0.98382 2.54 0.99446 2.94 0.99836 3.34 0.99958 3.74 0.99991 4.14 0.99998
2.15 0.98422 2.55 0.99461 2.95 0.99841 3.35 0.99960 3.75 0.99991 4.15 0.99998
2.16 0.98461 2.56 0.99477 2.96 0.99846 3.36 0.99961 3.76 0.99992 4.16 0.99998
2.17 0.98500 2.57 0.99492 2.97 0.99851 3.37 0.99962 3.77 0.99992 4.17 0.99998
2.18 0.98537 2.58 0.99506 2.98 0.99856 3.38 0.99964 3.78 0.99992 4.18 0.99999
2.19 0.98574 2.59 0.99520 2.99 0.99861 3.39 0.99965 3.79 0.99992 4.19 0.99999
2.20 0.9861 0 2.60 0.99534 3.00 0.99865 3.40 0.99966 3.80 0.99993 4.20 0.99999
2.21 0.98645 2.61 0.99547 3.01 0.99869 3.4 1 0.99968 3.81 0.99993 4.21 0.99999
2.22 0.98679 2.62 0.99560 3.02 0.99874 3.42 0.99969 3.82 0.99993 4.22 0.99999
2.23 0.987 1 3 2.63 0.99573 3.03 0.99878 3.43 0.99970 3.83 0.99994 4.23 0.99999
2.24 0.98745 2.64 0.99585 3.04 0.99882 3.44 0.99971 3.84 0.99994 4.24 0.99999
2.25 0.98778 / 2.65 0.99598 3.05 0.99886 3.45 0.99972 3.85 0.99994 4.25 0.99999
2.26 0.98809 2.66 0.99609 3.06 0.99889 3.46 0.99973 3.86 0.99994 4.26 0.99999
2.27 0.98840/ 2.67 0.99621 3.07 0.99893 3.47 0.99974 3.87 0.99995 4.27 0.99999
2.28 0.98870 2.68 0.99632 3.08 0.99896 3.48 0.99975 3.88 0.99995 4.28 0.99999
2.29 0.98899 2.69 0.99643 3.09 0.99900 3.49 0.99976 3.89 0.99995 4.29 0.99999
2.30 0.98928 2.70 0.99653 3.10 0.99903 3.50 0.99977 3.90 0.99995 4.30 0.99999
2.31 0.98956 2.71 0.99664 3.11 0.99906 3.51 0.99978 3.91 0.99995 4.31 0.99999
2.32 0.98983 2.72 0.99674 3.12 0.99910 3.52 0.99978 3.92 0.99996 4.32 0.99999
2.33 0.990 1 0 2 .73 0.99683 3.13 0.9991 3 3.53 0.99979 3.93 0.99996 4.33 0.99999
2.34 0.99036 2.74 0.99693 3.14 0.9991 6 3.54 0.99980 3.94 0.99996 4.34 0.99999
2.35 0.99061 2.75 0.99702 3.15 0.9991 8 3.55 0.99981 3.95 0.99996 4.35 0.99999
2.36 0.99086 2.76 0.9971 1 3.16 0.9992 1 3.56 0.99981 3.96 0.99996 4.36 0.99999
2.37 0.99 1 1 1 2.77 0.99720 3.17 0.99924 3.57 0.99982 3 .97 0.99996 4.37 0.99999
2.38 0.99 134 2.78 0.99728 3.18 0.99926 3.58 0.99983 3.98 0.99997 4.38 0.99999
2.39 0.99 158 2.79 0.99736 3.19 0.99929 3.59 0.99983 3.99 0.99997 4.39 0.99999
2.40 0.99 180 2.80 0.99744 3.20 0.99931 3.60 0.99984 4.00 0.99997 4.40 0.9999.9

161
 Percentage Points for the Standard Normal distribution

The table gives percentage points x defined by the equation

/1'\:
p= -l- f e-Y>t2 dt
.J2iC
=

- I -
o x

p x P x P x P x p x p x

0.0000 / 5.0% I 1.6449 3.0% 1.8808 2.0537 1.0% 2.3263 0.10% 3.0902
3.1214
2.0%
2.0749 0.9% 2.3656
50%
0.1257 4.!rJ7O 1.6646 2.9% 1.8957 0.09%
3.1559
1.9%
2.0969 0.8% 2.4089
45%
0.2533 4.6% 1 .6849 2.8% 1.9 1 10
3.1947
40% 0.08%
2.1201 0.7% 2.4573
1.8%
0.3853 4.4% 1.7060 2.7% 1.9268 0.07%
3.2389
1.7%
2.1444 0.6% 2.5 121
35%
30% 0.5244 4.2% 1.7279 2.6% 1.9431 1.6% 0.06%

0.6745 4.0% 1.7507 \ O/o I 1.9600 2.1701 l �.��l 2.5758 0.05% 3.2905
3.7190
1.5%
2.6521
25%
0.8416 3.8% 1.7744 H. % 1.9774 2.1973 . 0.01%
3.8906
1.4%
2.2262 0.3% 2.7478
20% °

1.0364 3.6% 1.7991 2.3% 1 .9954 0.005%

4.2649
1.3%
2.2571 0.2 % , 2.8782
15%
1.2816 3.4% 1.8250 2.2% 2.0141 0.001%
4.4172
1.2%
2.2904 0.1% 3.0902
10%
5% 1.6449 3.2% 1.8522 2 . 1 % 2.0335 1.1% 0.0005%

1 62
 Percentage Points for the t distribution

This table gives percentage points x defined by the equation

r(Yzv + Yz) r dI
t(V+l)
p_ 1
- � r(Yzv) x ( 1 +1 2/v
\ �/P
o x

The limiting distribution of t as v tends to infinity is the standard nonnal dfstribution. When
v is large, interpola.tion in v should be harmonic.

p= 40% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 2.5% 1% 0.5% 0.1% 0.05%
l'
0.3249 0.7265 1.000 1.376 1.963 3.078 6.3 14 12.71 3 1.82 63.66 318.3 636.6
1
0.2887 0.6172 0.8165 1.061 1.386 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.33 31.60
0.2767 0.5844 0.7649 0.9785 1.250 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.21 12.92
2

0.2707 0.5686 0.7407 0.9410 1.190 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.173 8.610
3
4

0.2672 0.5594 0.7267 0.9195 1.156 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.894 6.869
0.7176 0.9057 1. 134 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.208 5.959
5
0.2648 0.5534 1.895
\
2.365 2.998 3.499 4.785 5.408
0.2632 0.5491 0.7 1 1 1 0.8960 1 . 1 19 1.415
6
7
0.2619 0.5459 0.7064 0.8889 1.108 1.397 1.860 2.3061 2.896 3.355 4.501 5.041
8
9 0.2610 0.5435 0.7027 0.8834 1.100 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.297 4.781
lO 0.2602 0.5415 0.6998 0.8791 1.093 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.144 4.587
0.2596 0.5399 0.6974 0.8755 1.088 1 .363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.025 4.437
0.2590 0.5386 0.6955 0.8726 1.083 1 .356 1.782 2.179 2�;681 , 3.055 3.930 4.318
11
12
0.2586 0.5375 0.6938 0.8702 1.079 1.350 1.771 2.160 ( 2.650 3.012 . 3.852 4.221
0.6924 0.8681 1.076 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787 4.140
I3
14 0.2582 0.5366
0.2579 0.5357 0.6912 0.8662 1.074 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733 4.073
15
0.2576 0.5350 0.6901 0.8647 1.071 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686 4.015
16
0.2573 0.5344 0�6892 0.8633 1.069 1.333 1.740 2.1 10 2.567 2.898 3.646 3.965
17
0.2571 0.5338 0.6884 0.8620 1.067 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.610 3.922
18
19 0.2569 0.5333 0.6876 0.8610 1.066 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579 3.883
0.2567 0.5329 0.6870 0.8600 1.064 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552 3.850
20
0.2566 0.5325 0.6864 0.8591 1 .063 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.51 8 2.83 1 3.527 3.819
2.069A .500
21
0.2564 0.5321 0.6858 0.8583 1.061 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505 3.792
22
0.2563 0.5317 0.6853 0.8575 1.060 1.319 1.714 2.807 3.485 3.768
23
24 0.2562 0.5314 0.6848 0.8569 1.059 1.318 1 .7 1 1 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467 3.745
0.2561 0.53 12 0.6844 0.8562 1.058 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450 3.725
25
0.2560 0.5309 0.6840 0.8557 1.058 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.435 3.707
26
0.2559 0.5306 0.6837 0.8551 1.057 1 .314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.421 3.689
27
0.2558 0.5304 0.6834 0.8546 1.056 1 .313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.408 3.674
28
29 0.2557 0.5302 0.6830 0.8542 1.055 1.3 1 1 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.396 3.660
0.2556 0.5300 0.6828 0.8538 1.055 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.385 3.646
30
0.2555 0.5297 0.6822 0.8530 1.054 1.309 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738 3.365 3.622
32
0.2553 0.5294 0.6818 0.8523 1.052 1.307 1.691 2.032 2.441 2.728 3.348 3.601
34
0.2552 0.5291 0.6814 0.8517 1.052 1.306 1.688 2.028 2.434 2.719 3.333 3.582
0.2551 0.5288 0.6810 0.8512 1.051 1.304 1.686 2.024 2.429 2.712 3.319 3.566
36
38

0.2550 0.5286 0.6807 0.8507 1.050 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.307 3.551
40
0.2547 0.5278 0.6794 0.8489 1.047 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 3.261 3.496
50
0.2545 0.5272 0.6786 0.8477 1.045 1 .296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.232 3.460
60
120 0.2539 0.5258 0.6765 0.8446 1.041 1.289 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 3.160 3.373
00 0.2533 0.5244 0.6745 0.8416 1.036 1 .282 1 .645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.090 3.291

163
 Probabilities for the X2 distribution

The function tabulated is:

1 f x /',zv-I e -Y,I dt
�
")< ,; (x)
,

F,(x)
l
==
2YzVr(\li )
I
v O

''''-����

O x
(The above shape applies for ]I ;>: 3 only. When ]I < 3 the mode is at the origin.)

v= 2 2 3 3
x x x x x x

0.0000 0.9545 0.0000 4.0 0.8647 0.0 0.0000 4.0 0.7385

0.7593
4.0
0.0082
0.0 0.0
0.2482 0.9571 0.0488 0.8713 0.1 4.2
0.7786
0.1 0.1
0.0224
4.1 4.1
0.3453 0.9596 0.0952 0.8775 0.2 4.4
0.7965
0.2 4.2 0.2 4.2
0.4161 0.9619 0.1393 0.8835 0.3 0.0400 4.6
0.8130
4.3
0.05.98
0.3 4.3 0.3
0.4 0.4729 4.4 0.9641 0.4 0.1813 4.4 0.8892 0.4 4.8

0.5205 4.5 0.9661 0.2212 4.5 0.8946 0.5 0.08 1 1 5.0 0.8282
0.8423
0.5 0.5
0.5614 0.9680 0.2592 0.8997 0.6 0.1036 5.2
0.8553
0.6 4.6 4.6
0.1268
0.6
0.5972 0.9698 0.2953 4.7 0.9046 0.7 5.4
0.8672
4.7 0.7
0.1505
0.7
0.6289 0.9715 0.3297 4.8 0.9093 0.8 5.6
0.8782
0.8 4.8
0.1746
0.8
0.9 0.6572 4.9 0.9731 0.9 0.3624 4.9 0.9137 0.9 5.8

0.6827 0.9747 0.3935 0.91 79 1.0 0.1987 6.0 0.8884

0.8977
5.0
0.2229
1.0 5.0 1.0
0.7057 0.9761 0.4231 0.9219 1.1 6.2
0.9063
1.1 5.1 1.1 5.1
0.7267 0.9774 0.4512 5.2 0.9257 1.2 0.2470 6.4
0.2709 0.9142
1.2 5.2 1.2
0.7458 0.9787 0.4780 0.9293 1.3 6.6
0.9214
1 .3 5.3 1.3 5.3
1.4 0.7633 5.4 0.9799 1 .4 0.5034 5.4 0.9328 1 .4 0.2945 6.8

0.7793 0.9810 0.5276 5.5 0.9361 1.5 0.3177 7.0 0.9281

0.9342
1.5 5.5 1.5
0.7941 0.9820 0.5507 5.6 0.9392 1.6 0.3406 7.2
0.3631 0.9398
1.6 5.6 1.6
0.8077 0.9830 0.5726 5.7 0.9422 1.7 7.4
0.9450
1.7 1.7
0.3851
5.7
0.8203 0.9840 0.5934 5.8 0.9450 1.8 7.6
0.9497
1.8 5.8 1.8
1 .9 0.83 19 5.9 0.9849 1.9 0.6133 5.9 0.9477 1 .9 0.4066 7.8

0.8427 0.9857 0.6321 6.0 0.9502 2.0 0.4276 8.0 0.9540

0.9579
2.0 6.0 2.0
0.8527 6.1 0.9865 0.6501 6.2 0.9550 2.1 0.4481 8.2
0.9616
2.1 2.1
0.8620 0.9872 0.6671 6.4 0.9592 2.2 0.4681 8.4
0.9649
2.2
0.4875
6.2 2.2
0.8706 0.9879 0.6834 6.6 0.9631 2.3 8.6
0.9679
2.3 2.3
0.5064
6.3
2.4 0.8787 6.4 0.9886 2.4 0.6988 6.8 0.9666 2.4 8.8

0.8862 0.9892 0.7135 0.9698 2.5 0.5247 9.0 0.9707

0.9733
2.5 6.5 2.5 7.0
0.8931 0.9898 0.7275 0.9727 2.6 0.5425 9.2
0.9756
7.2
0.5598
6.6
0.9753
2.6 2.6
2.7 0.8997 6.7 0.9904 2.7 0.7408 2.7 9.4
0.9777
7.4
0.9057 0.9909 0.7534 0.9776 2.8 0.5765 9.6
0.9797
7.6
0.9798 0.5927
2.8 6.8 2.8
2.9 0.91 14 6.9 0.9914 2.9 0.7654 7.8 2.9 9.8

0.9167 0.9918 0.7769 8.0 0.9817 3.0 0.6084 10.0 0.9814

0.9831
3.0 3.0
0.6235
7.0
0.9217 0.9923 0.7878 8.2 0.9834 3.1 10.2
0.6382 0.9845
3.1 7.1 3.1
0.9264 0.9927 0.7981 0.9850 3.2 10.4
0.6524 0.9859
3.2 3.2 8.4
0.9864
7.2
0.9307 0.9931 0.8080 8.6 3.3 10.6
0.9871
3.3
0.6660
7.3
0.9877
3.3
3.4 0.9348 7.4 0.9935 3.4 0.8173 8.8 3.4 10.8

0.9386 0.9938 0.8262 0.9889 3.5 0.6792 11.0 0.9883

0.9893
9.0
0.6920
3.5
0.9899
3.5 7.5
0.9422 0.9942 0.8347 3.6 1 1.2
0.9903
9.2
0.7043
3.6 7.6 3.6
0.9456 0.9945 0.8428 0.9909 3.7 11.4
0.991 1
3.7 3.7 9.4
0.7161
7.7
0.9487 0.9948 0.8504 9.6 0.9918 3.8 1 1.6
0.7275 0.9919
3.8 7.8 3.8
3.9 0.9517 7.9 0.9951 3.9 0.8577 9.8 0.9926 3.9 11.8

4.0 0.9545 8.0 0.9953 4.0 0.8647 10.0 0.9933 4.0 0.7385 12.0 0.9926

164
 Probabilities for the X2 distribution

v= 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO Il 12 13 14
x

0.0265 0.0079 0.0022 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.5
0.0902 0.0374 0.0144 0.0052 0.0018 0.0006 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1.0
0.1734 0.0869 0.0405 0.0177 0.0073 0.0029 0.0011 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
1.5
2.0 0.2642 0.1509 0.0803 0.0402 0.0190 0.0085 0.0037 0.0015 0.0006 0.0002 0.0001
2.5 0.3554 0.2235 0.1315 0.0729 0.0383 0.0191 0.0091 0.0042 0.0018 0.0008 0.0003
3.0 0.4422 0.3000 0.1912 0.1 150 0.0656 0.0357 0.0186 0.0093 0.0045 0.0021 0.0009
3.5 0.5221 0.3766 0.2560 0.1648 0.1008 0.0589 0.0329 0.0177 0.0091 0.0046 0.0022
4.0 0.5940 0.4506 0.3233 0.2202 0.1429 0.0886 0.0527 0.0301 0.0166 0.0088 0.0045
4.5 0.6575 0.5201 0.3907 0.2793 0.1906 0.1245 0.0780 0.0471 0.0274 0.0154 0.0084
5.0 0.7127 0.5841 0.4562 0.3400 0.2424 0.1657 0.1088 0.0688 0.0420 0.0248 0.0142
5.5 0.7603 0.6421 0.5185 0.4008 0.2970 0.2 1 13 0.1446 0.0954 0.0608 0.0375 0.0224
6.0 0.8009 0.6938 0.5768 0.4603 0.3528 0.2601 0.1847 0.1266 0.0839 0.0538 0.0335
6.5 0.8352 0.7394 0.6304 0.5173 0.4086 0.31 10 0.2283 0.1620 0.1 1 12 0.0739 0.0477
7.0 0.8641 0.7794 0.6792 0.5711 0.4634 0.3629 0.2746 0.2009 0.1424 0.0978 0.0653
7.5 0.8883 0.8140 0.7229 0.6213 0.5162 0.4148 0.3225 0.2427 0.1771 0.1254 0.0863
8.0 0.9084 0.8438 0.7619 0.6674 0.5665 0.4659 0.3712 0.2867 0.2149 0.1564 0.1 107
8.5 0.9251 0.8693 0.7963 0.7094 0.6138 0.5154 0.4199 0.3321 0.2551 0.1904 0.1383
9.0 0.9389 0.8909 0.8264 0.7473 0.6577 0.5627/ 0.4679 0.3781 0.2971 0.2271 0.1689
9.5 0.9503 0.9093 0.8527 0.7813 0.6981 0.6075 0.5146 0.4242 0.3403 0.2658 0.2022
10.0 0.9596 0.9248 0.8753 0.8 1 14 0.7350 0.6495 0.5595 0.4696 0.3840 0.3061 0.2378
1 0.5 0.9672 0.9378 0.8949 0.8380 0.7683 0.6885 0.6022 0.5140 0.4278 0.3474 0.2752
1 1.0 0.9734 0.9486 0.91 16 0.8614 0.7983 0.7243 0.6425 0.5567 0.471 1 0.3892 0.3140
1 1 .5 0.9785 0.9577 0.9259 0.8818 0.8251 0.7570 0.6801 0.5976 0.5134 0.4310 0.3536
12.0 · 0.9826 0.9652 0.9380 0.8994 0.8488 0.7867 0.7149 0.6364 0.5543 0.4724 0.3937
12.5 0.9860 0.9715 0.9483 0.9147 0.8697 0.8134 0.7470 0.6727 0.5936 0.5129 0.4338
1 3.0 0.9887 0.9766 0.9570 0.9279 0.8882 0.8374 0.7763 0.7067 0.6310 0.5522 0.4735
1 3 .5 0.9909 0.9809 0.9643 0.9392 0.9042 0.8587 0.8030 0.7381 0.6662 0.5900 0.5124
14.0 0.9927 0.9844 0.9704 0.9488 0.9182 0.8777 0.8270 0.7670 0.6993 0.6262 0.5503
14.5 0.9941 0.9873 0.9755 0.9570 0.9304 0.8944 0.8486 0.7935 .7301 0.6604 0.5868
15.0 0.9953 0.9896 0.9797 0.9640 0.9409 0.9091 0.8679 0.8175 0.7586 0.6926 0.6218
1 5.5 0.9962 0.9916 0.9833 0.9699 0.9499 0.9219 0.8851 0.8393 0.7848 0.7228 0.6551
16.0 0.9970 0.9932 0.9862 0.9749 0.9576 0.9331 0.9004 0.8589 0.8088 0.7509 0.6866
1 6.5 0.9976 0.9944 0.9887 0.9791 0.9642 0.9429 0.9138 0.8764 0.8306 0.7768 0.7162
17.0 0.9981 0.9955 0.9907 0.9826 0.9699 0.9513 0.9256 0.8921 0.8504 0.8007 0.7438
1 7.5 0.9985 0.9964 0.9924 0.9856 0.9747 0.9586 0.9360 0.9061 0.8683 0.8226 0.7695
18.0 0.9988 0.9971 0.9938 0.9880 0.9788 0.9648 0.9450 0.9184 0.8843 0.8425 0.7932
18.5 0.9990 0.9976 0.9949 0.9901 0.9822 0.9702 0.9529 0.9293 0.8987 0.8606 0.8151
19.0 0.9992 0.9981 0.9958 0.9918 0.9851 0.9748 0.9597 0.9389 0.9115 0.8769 0.8351
19.5 0.9994 0.9984 0.9966 0.9932 0.9876 0.9787 0.9656 0.9473 0.9228 0.8916 0.8533
20 0.9995 0.9988 0.9972 0.9944 0.9897 0.9821 0.9707 0.9547 0.9329 0.9048 0.8699
21 0.9997 0.9992 0.9982 0.9962 0.9929 0.9873 0.9789 0.9666 0.9496 0.9271 0.8984
22 0.9998 0.9995 0.9988 0.9975 0.9951 0.991 1 0.9849 0.9756 0.9625 0.9446 0.9214
23 0.9999 0.9997 0.9992 0.9983 0.9966 0.9938 0.9893 0.9823 0.9723 0.9583 0.9397
24 0.9999 0.9998 0.9995 0.9989 0.9977 0.9957 0.9924 0.9873 0.9797 0.9689 0.9542
25 0.9999 0.9999 0.9997 0.9992 0.9984 0.9970 0.9947 0.9909 0.9852 0.9769 0.9654
26 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9995 0.9989 0.9980 0.9963 0.9935 0.9893 0.9830 0.9741
27 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9997 0.9993 0.9986 0.9974 0.9954 0.9923 0.9876 0.9807
28 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9995 0.9990 0.9982 0.9968 0.9945 0.9910 0.9858
29 1.0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9997 0.9994 0.9988 0.9977 0.9961 0.9935 0.9895
30 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996 0.9991 0.9984 0.9972 0.9953 0.9924

1 65
 Probabilities for the X2 distribution

v= 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
x

3 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0023 0.0011 0.0005 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0079 0.0042 0.0022 0.001 1 0.0006 0.0003 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
5
0.0203 0.01 19 0.0068 0.0038 0.0021 0.0011 0.0006 0.0003 0.0001 0.0001
0.0005 0.0003 0.0001
6
0.0424 0.0267 0.0165 0.0099 0.0058 0.0033 0.0019 0.0010
0.0016 0.0009 0.0005
7
0.0762 0.051 1 0.0335 0.0214 0.0133 0.0081 0.0049 0.0028
0.0014
8
9 0.1225 0.0866 0.0597 0.0403 0.0265 0.0171 0.0108 0.0067 0.0040 0.0024
lO 0.1803 0.1334 0.0964 0.0681 0.0471 0.0318 0.0211 0.0137 0.0087 0.0055 0.0033
0.2474 0.1905 0.1434 0.1056 0.0762 0.0538 0.0372 0.0253 0.0168 0.0 1 10 0.0071
0.0134
11
0.3210 0.2560 0.1999 0.1528 0.1 144 0.0839 0.0604 0.0426 0.0295 0.0201
0.0339 0.0235
12
0.3977 0.3272 0.2638 0.2084 0.1614 0.1226 0.0914 0.0668 0.0480
0.0383
13
14 0.4745 0.4013 0.3329 0.2709 0.2163 0.1695 0.1304 0.0985 0.0731 0.0533
0.5486 0.4754 0.4045 0.3380 0.2774 0.2236 0.1770 0.1378 0.1054 0.0792 0.0586
0.0852
15
16 0.6179 0.5470 0.4762 0.4075 0.3427 0.2834 0.2303 0.1841 0.1447 0.1 1 19
0.6811 0.6144 0.5456 0.4769 0.4101 0.3470 0.2889 0.2366 0.1907 0.1513 0.1 182
0.1576
17
0.7373 0.6761 0.6 1 12 0.5443 0.4776 0.4126 0.3510 0.2940 0.2425 0.1970
0.2029
18
19 0.7863 0.7313 0.6715 0.6082 0.5432 0.4782 0.4149 0.3547 0.2988 0.2480
20 0.8281 0.7798 0.7258 0.6672 0.6054 0.5421 0.4787 0.4170 0.3581 0.3032 0.2532
0.8632 0.8215 0.7737 0.7206 0.6632 0.6029 0.5411 0.4793 0.4189 0.3613 0.3074
0.3643
21
0.8922 0.8568 0.8153 0.7680 0.7157 0.6595 0.6005 0.5401 0.4797 0.4207
0.4224
22
23 0.9159 0.8863 0.8507 0.8094 0.7627 0.7112 0.6560 0.5983 0.5392 0.4802
24 0.9349 0.9105 0.8806 0.8450 0.8038 0.7576 0.7069 0.6528 0.5962 0.5384 0.4806
25 0.9501 0.9302 0.9053 0.8751 0.8395 0.7986 0.7528 0.7029 0.6497 0.5942 0.5376
0.9620 0.9460 0.9255 0.9002 0.8698 0.8342 0.7936 0.7483 0.6991 0.6468 0.5924
0.6441
26
0.9713 0.9585 0.9419 0.9210 0.8953 0.8647 0.8291 0.7888 0.7440 0.6955
0.6921
27
0.9784 0.9684 0.9551 0.9379 0.9166 0.8906 0.8598 0.8243 0.7842 0.7400
0.7361
28
29 0.9839 0.9761 0.9655 0.9516 0.9340 0.9122 0.8860 0.8551 0.8197 0.7799
30 0.9881 0.9820 0.9737 0.9626 0.9482 0.9301 0.9080 0.8815 0.8506 0.8152 0.7757
31 0.9912 0.9865 0.9800 0.9712 0.9596 0.9448 0.9263 0.9039 0.8772 0.8462 0.81 10
0.9936 0.9900 0.9850 0.9780 0.9687 0.9567 0.9414 0.9226 0.8999 0.8730 0.8420
0.8689
32
0.9953 0.9926 0.9887 0.9833 0.9760 0.9663 0.9538 0.9381 0.9189 0.8959
0.8921
33
34 0.9966 0.9946 0.9916 0.9874 0.9816 0.9739 0.9638 0.9509 0.9348 0.9153
35 0.9975 0.9960 0.9938 0.9905 0.9860 0.9799 0.9718 0.9613 0.9480 0.9316 0.9118
0.9982 0.9971 0.9954 0.9929 0.9894 0.9846 0.9781 0.9696 0.9587 0.9451 0.9284
0.9423
36
37 0.9987 0.9979 0.9966 0.9948 0.9921 0.9883 0.9832 0.9763 0.9675 0.9562
38 0.9991 0.9985 0.9975 0.9961 0.9941 0.991 1 0.9871 0.9817 0.9745 0.9653 0.9537
39 0.9994 0.9989 0.9982 0.9972 0.9956 0.9933 0.9902 0.9859 0.9802 0.9727 0.9632
40 0.9995 0.9992 0.9987 0.9979 0.9967 0.9950 0.9926 0.9892 0.9846 0.9786 0.9708
0.9997 0.9994 0.9991 0.9985 0.9976 0.9963 0.9944 0.9918 0.9882 0.9833 0.9770
0.9820
41
42 0.9998 0.9996 0.9993 0.9989 0.9982 0.9972 0.9958 0.9937 0.9909 0.9871
43 0.9998 0.9997 0.9995 0.9992 0.9987 0.9980 0.9969 0.9953 0.9931 0.9901 0.9860
44 0.9999 0.9998 0.9997 0.9994 0.9991 0.9985 0.9977 0.9965 0.9947 0.9924 0.9892
45 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996 0.9993 0.9989 0.9983 0.9973 0.9960 0.9942 0.9916
0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9997 0.9995 0.9992 0.9987 0.9980 0.9970 0.9956 0.9936
0.9951
46
1 .0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996 0.9994 0.9991 0.9985 0.9978 0.9967
0.9993 0.9983 0.9975 0.9963
47
1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9997 0.9996 0.9989
0.9972
48
49 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9997 0.9995 0.9992 0.9988 0.9981
50 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996 0.9994 0.9991 0.9986 0.9979

1 66
1 67
 Percentage Points for the X2 distribution
p= 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 5% 2.5% 1% 0.5% 0.1% 0.05%
l'
1 0.4549 0.7083 1 .074 1 .642 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879 10.83 12.12
2 1 .386 1 .833 2.408 3.2 1 9 4.605 5.99 1 7.378 9.2 1 0 10.60 13.82 1 5.20
3 2.366 2.946 3.665 4.642 6.25 1 ]JlU 9.348 / 1 1.34 12.84 1 6.27 1 7.73
4 3.357 4.045 4.878 5.989 7.779 (9.488: 1 1 . 14 13.28 14.86 1 8.47 20.00
5 4.3 5 1 5.132 6.064 7.289 9.236 1 1.07 12.83 1 5.09 16.75 20.5 1 22. 1 1
6 5.348 6.2 1 1 7.23 1 8.558 10.64 12.59 14.45 16. 8 1 1 8;,s5 22.46 24. 10
7 6.346 7.283 8.383 9.803 1 2.02 14.07 1 6.01 1 8.48 20.28 24.32 26.02
8 7.344 8.35 1 9.524 1 1 .03 13.36 1 5.5 1 1 7.53 20.09 2 1 .95 26. 12 27.87
9 8.343 9.414 10.66 1 2.24 14.68 1 6.92 1 9.02 2 1 .67 23.59 27.88 29.67

lO 9.342 1 0.47 1 1 .78 13.44 1 5.99 1 8.31 20.48 23.21 25. 1 9 29.59 3 1 .42
11 10.34 1 1 .53 12.90 14.63 1 7.28 �9.68 2 1 .92 24.73 26.76 3 1 .26 33.14
12 1 1 .34 12.58 14.0 1 15.81 18.55 (2 1 .03 23.34 26.22 28.30 32.91 34.82
13 1 2 .34 1 3.64 15.12 1 6.98 1 9.81 22.36 24.74 27.69 29.82 34.53 36.48
14 13.34 14.69 1 6.22 18.15 2 1 .06 23.68 26. 12 29. 1 4 3 1 .32 36.12 38. 1 1
15 14.34 1 5.73 1 7.32 1 9.3 1 22.3 1 25.00 27.49 30.58 32.80 37.70 39.72
16 1 5.34 1 6.78 1 8.42 20.47 23.54 26.30 28.85 32.00 34.27 39.25 41.31
17 1 6.34 1 7.82 1 9.5 1 2 1 .6 1 24.77 27.59 30. 1 9 33.41 35.72 40.79 42.88
18 1 7.34 1 8.87 20.60 22.76 25.99 28.87 3 1 .53 34. 8 1 37. 16 42.31 44.43
19 1 8.34 1 9.91 2 1 .69 23.90 27.20 30. 14 32.85 36. 1 9 38.58 43.82 45.97
20 1 9.34 20.95 22.77 25.04 28.41 3 1 .4 1 34. 1 7 37.57 40.00 45.3 1 47.50
21 20.34 2 1 .99 23.86 26. 1 7 29.62 32.67 35.48 38.93 4 1 .40 46.80 49.01
22 2 1 .34 23.03 24.94 27.30 30.8 1 33.92 36.78 40.29 42.80 48.27 50. 5 1
23 22.34 24.07 26.02 28.43 32.0 1 35. 1 7 38.08 4 1 .64 44. 1 8 49.73 52.00
24 23.34 25. 1 1 27. 1 0 29.55 33.20 36.42 39.36 42.98 45.56 51.18 53.48

25 24.34 26.14 28. 1 7 30.68 34.38 37.65 40.65 44.3 1 46.93 52.62 54.95
26 25.34 27.1 8 29.25 3 1 .79 35.56 38.89 4 1.92 45.64 48.29 54.05 56.41
.( 27 26.34 28.2 1 30.32 32.91 36.74 40. 1 1 43. 1 9 46.96 49.65 55.48 57.86

�
28 27.34 29.25 3 1 .39 34.03 37.92 41 .34 44.46 48.28 50.99 56.89 59.30
29 28.34 30.28 32.46 35.14 39.09 42.56 45.72 49.59 60.73
30 29.34 3 1 .32 33.53 36.25 40.26 43.77 46.98 50.89 53.67 59.70 62. 16
32 3 1 .34 33.38 35.66 38.47 42.58 46. 1 9 49.48 53.49 56.33 62.49 64.99
34 33.34 35.44 37.80 40.68 44.90 48.60 5 L97 56.06 58.96 65.25 67.80
36 35.34 37.50 39.92 42.88 47.2 1 5 1 .00 54.44 58.62 6 1 .58 67.98 70.59
38 37.34 39.56 42.05 45.08 49.5 1 53.38 56.90 61.16 64. 1 8 70.70 73.35

��:�� ���:��
40 39.34 4 1 .62 44. 1 6 47.27 5 1 .81 66.77 73.40 76. 1 0
50 49.33 5 1 .89 54.72 58. 1 6 63. 1 7 79.49 86.66 89.56
60 59.33 62. 1 3 65.23 68.97 74.40 79.08 83.30 88.38 9 1 .95 99. 6 1 1 02.7
70 69.33 72.36 75.69 79.7 1 85.53 90.53 95.02 1 00.4 104.2 1 12.3 1 15.6
80 79.33 82.57 86. 12 90.41 96.58 1 0 1 .9 106.6 1 12.3 1 16.3 1 24.8 1 28.3
90 89.33 92.76 96.52 101.1 1 07.6 1 13.1 1 1 8. 1 / 1 24. 1 128.3 137.2 140.8
100 99.33 102.9 106.9 1 1 1.7 1 18.5 124.3 1 29.6 1 35.8 140.� 149.4 1 53.2

1 69
 Percentage Points for the F distribution

The function tabulated is x defined for the specified percentage points P by the equation

o x

(The above shape applies only for v[ 2': 3. When v) < 3, the mode is at the origino )

1 70
 10 % Points for the F distribution
(
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 24 Cf)
1'1 =

1'2
1 39.86 49.50 53.59 55.83 57.24 58.20 58.91 59.44 59.86 60.19 60.71 62.00 63.33
2 8.526 9.000 9.162 9.243 9.293 9.326 9.349 9.367 9.381 9.392 9.408 9.450 9.491
3 5.538 5.462 5.391 5.343 5.309 5.285 5.266 5.252 5.240 5.230 5.216 5.176 5.134
4 4.545 4.325 4.191 4.107 4.05 1 4.010 3.979 3.955 3.936 3.920 3.896 3.831 3.761
5 4.060 3.780 3.619 3.520 3.453 3.405 3.368 3.339 3.3 16 3.297 3.268 3.191 3.105
6 3.776 3.463 3.289 3.181 3.108 3.055 3.014 2.983 2.958 2.937 2.905 2.818 2.722
7 3.589 3.257 3.074 2.961 2.883 2.827 2.785 2.752 2.725 2.703 2.668 2.575 2.471
8 3.458 3. 113 2.924 2.806 2.726 2.668 2.624 2.589 2.561 2.538 2.502 2.404 2.293
9 3.360 3.006 2.813 2.693 2.611 2.551 2.505 2.469 2.440 2.416 2.379 2.277 2.159
lO 3.285 2.924 2.728 2.605 2.522 2.461 2.414 2.377 2.347 2.323 2.284/ 2.178 2.055
Il 3.225 2.860 2.660 2.536 2.451 2.389 2.342 2.304 2.274 2.248 2.209 2.100 1 .972
3.177 2.807 2.606 2.480 2.394 2.331 2.283 2.245 2.214 2.188 2.147 2.036 1.904
, 2.560
12
13 3.136 2.763 2.434 2.347 2.283 2.234 2.195 2.164 2.138 2.097 1.983 1.846
14 3.102 2.726 2.522 2.395 2.307 2.243 2.193 2.154 2.122 2.095 2.054 1.938 1.797
15 3.073 2.695 2.490 2.361 2.273 2.208 2.158 2.1 19 2.086 2.059 2.017 1.899 1.755
16 3.048 2.668 2.462 2.333 2.244 2.178 2.128 2.088 2.055 2.028 1.985 1.866 1.718
17 3.026 2.645 2.437 2.308 2.218 2.152 2. 102 2.061 2.028 2.001 1.958 1.836 1.686
18 3.007 2.624 2.416 2.286 2.196 2.130 2.079 2.038 2.005 1.977 1.933 1.810 1.657
19 2.990 2.606 2.397 2.266 2.176 2.109 2.058 2.017 1.984 1.956 1.912 1.787 1.631
20 2.975 2.589 2.380 2.249 2.158 2.091 2.040 1.999 1.965 1.937 1.892 1.767 1.607
21 2.961 2.575 2.365 2.233 2.142 2.075 2.023 1.982 1.948 1.920 1.875 1.748 1.586
22 2.949 2.561 2.351 2.219 2.128 2.060 2.008 1.967 1.933 1.904 1.859 1.73 1 1.567
23 2.937 2.549 2.339 2.207 2.1 15 2.047 1.995 1.953 1.919 1.890 1.845 1.716 1.549
24 2.927 2.538 2.327 2.195 2.103 2.035 1.983 1.941 1.906 1.877 1.832 1.702 1.533
25 2.918 2.528 2.317 2.184 2.092 2.024 1.971 1.929 1.895 1.866 1.820 1.689 1.518
26 2.909 2.519 2.307 2.174 2.082 2.014 1.961 1.919 1.884 1.855 1.809 1.677 1.504
27 2.901 2.511 2.299 2.165 2.073 2.005 1.952 1.909 1.874 1.845 1.799 1.666 1.491
28 2.894 2.503 2.291 2.157 2.064 1.996 1.943 1.900 1.865 1.836 1.790 1.656 1.478
29 2.887 2.495 2.283 2.149 2.057 1.988 1.935 1.892 1.857 1.827 1.781 1.647 1.467
30 2.881 2.489 2.276 2.142 2.049 1.980 1.927 1.884 1 .849 1.819 1.773 1.638 1.456
32 2.869 2.477 2.263 2.129 2.036 1.967 1.913 1.870 1.835 1.805 1.758 1.622 1.437
34 2.859 2.466 2.252 2.118 2.024 1.955 1.901 1.858 1.822 1.793 1.745 1.608 1.420
36 2.850 2.456 2.243 2.108 2.014 1.945 1.891 1.847 1 .8 1 1 1.781 1.734 1.595 1.404
38 2.842 2.448 2.234 2.099 2.005 1.935 1.881 1.838 1.802 1.772 1.724 1.584 1.390
40 2.835 2.440 2.226 2.091 1.997 1.927 1.873 1.829 1.793 1.763 1.715 1.574 1.377
60 2.791 2.393 2. 177 2.041 1.946 1.875 1.819 1.775 1.738 1.707 1.657 1.511 1.292
120 2.748 2.347 2.130 1.992 1.896 1.824 1.767 1.722 1.684 1.652 1.601 1.447 1.193
CJJ 2.706 2.303 2.084 1.945 1.847 1.774 1.717 1.670 1.632 1.599 1.546 1.383 1.000

171
 50/0 Points for the F distribution

VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO l2 24 00
=

v2
161.4 199.5 215.7 224.6 230.2 234.0 236.8 238.9 240.5 241.9 243.9 249. 1 254.3
19.40 19.41 19.45 19.50
1
18.51 19.00 19.16 19.25 19.30 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.38
8.745 8.638 8.527
2
10.13 9.552 9.277 9.117 9.013 8.941 8.887 8.845 8.812 8.785
6.041 5.999 5.964 5.912 5.774 5.628
3
4 7.709 6.944 6.591 6.388 6.256 6.163 6.094
6.608 5.786 5.409 5.192 5.050 4.950 4.876 4.818 4.772 4.735 4.678 4.527 4.365
4.060 4.000 3.841 3.669
5
5.987 5. 143 4.757 4.534 4.387 4.284 4.207 4.147 4.099
3.677 3.637 3.575 3.410 3.230
6
5.591 4.737 4.347 4.120 3.972 3.866 3.787 3.726
3.347 3.284 3.115 2.928
7
5.318 4.459 4.066 3.838 3.688 3.581 3.500 3.438 3.388
3.073 2.900 2.707
8
9 5.117 4.256 3.863 3.633 3.482 3.374 3.293 3.230 3.179 3.137
4.965 4.103 3.708 3.478 3.326 3.217 3.135 3.072 3.020 2.978 2.913 /2.737 2.538
2.788 2.609 2.405
lO
4.844 3.982 3.587 3.357 3.204 3.095 3.012 2.948 2.896 2.854
3.490/ 3.259 Y3.106 2.296
11
4.747 1,3 .885 2.996 2.913 2.849 2.796 2.753 2.687 2.505
2.604 2.420 2.206
12
4.667 3.806 3.41 1 3.179 3.025 2.915 2.832 2.767 2.714 2.671
2.534 2.349 2.131
13
14 4.600 3.739 3.344 3.1 12 2.958 2.848 2.764 2.699 2.646 2.602
4.543 3.682 3.287 3.056 2.901 2.790 2.707 2.641 2.588 2.544 2.475 2.288 2.066
2.425 2.235 2.010
15
4.494 3.634 3.239 3.007 2.852 2.741 2.657 2.591 2.538 2.494
2.381 2.190 1.960
16
4.451 3.592 3.197 2.965 2.810 2.699 2.614 2.548 2.494 2.450
2.412 2.342 2.150 1.917
17
4.414 3.555 3.160 2.928 2.773 2.661 2.577 2.510 2.456
2.308 2.1 14 1 .878
18
19 4.381 3.522 3.127 2.895 2.740 2.628 2.544 2.477 2.423 2.378
4.351 3.493 3.098 2.866 2.71 1 2.599 2.514 2.447 2.393 2.348 2.278 2.082 1.843
2.366 2.321 2.250 2.054 1.812
20
4.325 3.467 3.072 2.840 2.685 2.573 2.488 2.420
2.342 2.297 2.226 2.028 1.783
21
4.301 3.443 3.049 2.817 2.661 2.549 2.464 2.397
2.204 2.005 1.757
22
4.279 3.422 3.028 2.796 2.640 2.528 2.442 2.375 2.320 2.275
2.300 2.255 2. 183 1.984 1.733
23
24 4.260 3.403 3.009 2.776 2.621 2.508 2.423 2.355
4.242 3.385 2.991 2.759 2.603 2.490 2.405 2.337 2.282 2.236 2.165 1.964 1.71 1
2.321 2.265 2.220 2.148 1.946 1.691
25
4.225 3.369 2.975 2.743 2.587 2.474 2.388
2.250 2.204 2.132 1.930 1.672
26
4.210 3.354 2.960 2.728 2.572 2.459 2.373 2.305
2.190 2.118 1.915 1.654
27
4.196 3.340 2.947 2.714 2.558 2.445 2.359 2.291 2.236
2.177 2.104 1.901 1.638
28
29 4.183 3.328 2.934 2.701 2.545 2.432 2.346 2.278 2.223
4. 171 3.316 2.922 2.690 2.534 2.421 2.334 2.266 2.211 2.165 2.092 1.887 1.622
30
4.149 3.295 2.901 2.668 2.512 2.399 2.313 2.244 2.189 2.142 2.070 1.864 1.594
32
4.130 3.276 2.883 2.650 2.494 2.380 2.294 2.225 2.170 2.123 2.050 1.843 1.569 ,
2.033 1.824 1.547
34
4.1 13 3.259 2.866 2.634 2.477 2.364 2.277 2.209 2.153 2.106
2.138 2.091 2.017 1.808 1.527
36
38 4.098 3.245 2.852 2.619 2.463 2.349 2.262 2.194
4.085 3.232 2.839 2.606 2.449 2.336 2.249 2.180 2.124 2.077 2.003 1.793 1.509
2.040 1.993 1.917 1.700 1.389
40
4.001 3.150 2.758 2.525 2.368 2.254 2.167 2.097
2.016 1.959 1.910 1.834 1.608 1.254
60
3.920 3.072 2.680 2.447 2.290 2.175 2.087
1.752 1.517 1.000
120
00 3.841 2.996 2.605 2.372 2.214 2.099 2.010 1.938 1.880 1.831

1 72
 2 Yz% Points for the F distribution

VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 24 Cf:)
=

v2
l 647.8 799.5 864.2 899.6 921.8 937.1 948.2 956.6 963.3 968.6 976.7 997.3 1018
2 38.5 1 39.00 39.17 39.25 39.30 39.33 39.36 39.37 39.39 39.40 39.41 39.46 39.50
3 17.44 16.04 15.44 15.10 14.88 14.73 14.62 14.54 14.47 14.42 14.34 14.12 13.90
4 12.22 10.65 9.979 9.605 9.364 9.197 9.074 8.980 8.905 8.844 8.75 1 8.5 1 1 8.257
5 10m 8.434 7.764 7.388 7.146 6.978 6.853 6.757 6.681 6.619 6.525 6.278 6.015
6 8.813 7.260 6.599 6.227 5.988 5.820 5.695 5.600 5.523 5.461 5.366 5.1 17 4.849
8.073 6.542 5.890 5.523 5.285 5.1 19 4.995 4.899 4.823 4.761 4.666 4.415 4.142
4.5;!'»
7
8 7.571 6.059 5.416 5.053 4.817 4.652 4.433 4.357 4.295 4.200 3.947 3.670
9 7.209 5.715 5.078 4.718 4.484 4.320 4.197 4.102 4.026 3.964 3.868 3.614 3.333
lO 6.937 5.456 4.826 4.468 4.236 4.072 3.950 3.855 3.779 3.717 3.621 (' 3.365 3.080
11 6.724 5.256 4.630/, 4.275 4.044 3.881 3.759 3.664 3.588 3.526 3.430 3. 173 2.883
12 6.554 5.096 4.474 4.121 3.891 3.728 3.607 3.512 3.436 3.374 3.277 3.019 2.725
13 6.414 4.965 ", 4.347 3.996 3.767 3.604 3.483 3.388 3.312 3.250 3.153 2.893 2.596
14 6.298 4.857 4.242 3.892 3.663 3.501 3.380 3.285 3.209 3.147 3.050 2.789 2.487
15 6.200 4.765 4.153 3.804 3.576 3.415 3.293 3.199 3.123 3.060 2.963 2.701 2.395
16 6.115 4.687 4.077 3.729 3.502 3.341 3.219 3.125 3.049 2.986 2.889 2.625 2.316
17 6.042 4.619 4.011 3.665 3.438 3.277 3.156 3.061 2.985 2.922 2.825 2.560 2.248
18 5.978 4.560 3.954 3.608 3.382 3.221 3.100 3.005 2.929 2.866 2.769 2.503 2.187
19 5.922 4.508 3.903 3.559 3.333 3.172 3.051 2.956 2.880 2.817 2.720 2.452 2.133
20 5.871 4.461 3.859 3.515 3.289 3.128 3.007 2.913 2.837 2.774 2.676 2.408 2.085
21 5.827 4.420 3.819 3.475 3.250 3.090 2.969 2.874 2.798 2.735 2.637 2.368 2.042
22 5.786 4.383 3.783 3.440 3.215 3.055 2.934 2.839 2.763 2.700 2.602 2.332 2.003
23 5.750 4.349 3.750 3.408 3.183 3.023 2.902 2.808 2.731 2.668 2.570 2.299 1.968
24 5.717 4.319 3.721 3.379 3.155 2.995 2.874 2.779 2.703 2.640 2.541 2.269 1.935
25 5.686 4.291 3.694 3.353 3.129 2.969 2.848 2.753 2.677 2.613 2.515 2.242 1.906
26 5.659 4.265 3.670 3.329 3.105 2.945 2.824 2.729 2.653 2.590 2.491 2.217 1.878
27 5.633 4.242 3.647 3.307 3.083 2.923 2.802 2.707 2.631 2.568 2.469 2.195 1.853
28 5.610 4.221 3.626 3.286 3.063 2.903 2.782 2.687 2.6 1 1 2.547 2.448 2.174 1.829
29 5.588 4.201 3.607 3.267 3.044 2.884 2.763 2.669 2.592 2.529 2.430 2. 154 1.807
30 5.568 4. 182 3.589 3.250 3.026 2.867 2.746 2.651 2.575 2.5 1 1 2.412 2.136 1.787
32 5.53 1 4.149 3.557 3.218 2.995 2.836 2.715 2.620 2.543 2.480 2.381 2.103 1.750
34 5.499 4.120 3.529 3.191 2.968 2.808 2.688 2.593 2.516 2.453 2.353 2.075 1.717 '
5.471 4.094 3.505 3.167 2.944 2.785 2.664 2.569 2.492 2.429 2.329 2.049 1.687
2.307 2.027
36
38 5.446 4.071 3.483 3.145 2.923 2.763 2.643 2.548 2.471 2.407 1.661
40 5.424 4.051 3.463 3.126 2.904 2.744 2.624 2.529 2.452 2.388 2.288 2.007 1.637
60 5.286 3.925 3.343 3.008 2.786 2.627 2.507 2.412 2.334 2.270 2. 169 1.882 1.482
120 5.152 3.805 3.227 2.894 2.674 2.515 2.395 2.299 2.222 2.157 2.055 1.760 1.3 1 1
00 5.024 3.689 3.1 16 2.786 2.567 2.408 2.288 2. 192 2.1 1 4 2.048 1.945 1.640 1.000

1 73
 1 % Points for the F distribution

1'1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 24 00
=

1'2
l 4052 4999 5403 5625 5764 5859 5928 5981 6022 6056 6107 6234 6366
98.50 99.00 99.17 99.25 99.30 99.33 99.36 99.38 99.39 99.40 99.42 99.46 99.50
2
34.12 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49 27.35 27.23 27.05 26.60 26.13
3
4 21.20 18.00 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.66 14.55 14.37 13.93 13.46
16.26 13.27 12.06 I l .39 10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29 10.16 10.05 9.888 9.466 9.021
5
13.75 10.92 9.780 9.148 8.746 8.466 8.260 8.102 7.976 7.874 7.718 7.313 6.880
6
7 12.25 9.547 8.45 1 7.847 7.460 7.191 6.993 6.840 6.719 6.620 6.469 6.074 5.650
1 1 .26 8.649 7.591 7.006 6.632 6.371 6. 178 6.029 5.9 1 1 5.814 5.667 5.279 4.859
8
9 10.56 8.022 6.992 6.422 6.057 5.802 5.613 5.467 5.351 5.257 5.1 1 1 4.729 4.3 1 1
lO 10.04 7.559 6.552 5.994 5.636 5.386 5.200 5.057 4.942 4.849 4.706 4.327 3.909
9.646 7.206 6.217 5.668 5.316 5.069 4.886 4.744 4.632 4.539 4.397 4.021 3.603
4.388 4.296 4.155 3.780 3.361
Il
9.330 6.927 5.953 5.412 5.064 4.821 4.640 4.499
4.302 4. 191 4.100 3.960 3.587 3.165
12
9.074 6.701 5.739 5.205 4.862 (4.620�4.441
�· 4.278 4.030 3.939 3.800 3.427 3.004
13
14 8.862 6.515 5.564 5.035 4.695 4. 140
8.683 6.359 5.417 4.893 4.556 4.31 8 4.142 4.004 3.895 3.805 3.666 3.294 2.869
15
8.53 1 6.226 5.292 4.773 4.437 4.202 4.026 3.890 3.780 3.691 3.553 3.181 2.753
3.791 3.682 3.593 3.455 3.083 2.653
16
8.400 6.1 12 5.185 4.669 4.336 4.101 3.927
17
8.285 6.013 5.092 4.579 4.248 4.015 3.841 3.705 3.597 3.508 3.371 2.999 2.566
18
19 8.185 5.926 5.010 4.500 4. 171 3.939 3.765 3.631 3.523 3.434 3.297 2.925 2.489
8.096 5.849 4.938 4.43 1 4.103 3.871 3.699 3.564 3.457 3.368 3.231 2.859 2.421
20
8.017 5.780 4.874 4.369 4.042 3.812 3.640 3.506 3.398 3.310 3.173 2.801 2.360
3.453 3.346 3.258 3.121 2.749 2.306
21
7.945 5.719 4.817 4.313 3.988 3.758 3.587
22
7.881 5.664 4.765 4.264 3.939 3.710 3.539 3.406 3.299 3.211 3.074 2.702 2.256
23
24 7.823 5.614 4.718 4.218 3.895 3.667 3.496 3.363 3.256 3.168 3.032 2.659 2.2 1 1
7.770 5.568 4.675 4.177 3.855 3.627 3.457 3.324 3.217 3. 129 2.993 2.620 2.170
25
7.721 5.526 4.637 4.140 3.818 3.591 3.421 3.288 3.182 3.094 2.958 2.585 2.132
3.256 3. 149 3.062 2.926 2.552 2.097
26
7.677 5.488 4.601 4. 106 3.785 3.558 3.388
27
7.636 5.453 4.568 4.074 3.754 3.528 3.358 3.226 3.120 3.032 2.896 2.522 2.064
3.198 3.092 3.005 2.868 2.495 2.034
28
29 7.598 5.420 4.538 4.045 3.725 3.499 3.330
7.562 5.390 4.510 4.018 3.699 3.473 3.305 3.173 3.067 2.979 2.843 2.469 2.006
30
7.499 5.336 4.459 3.969 3.652 3.427 3.258 3.127 3.021 2.934 2.798 2.423 1.956
32
7.444 5.289 4.416 3.927 3.61 1 3.386 3.218 3.087 2.981 2.894 2.758 2.383 1.9 1 1 ,
34
7.396 5.248 4.377 3.890 3.574 3.351 3.183 3.052 2.946 2.859 2.723 2.347 1 .872
36
38 7.353 5.2 1 1 4.343 3.858 3.542 3.31 9 3.152 3.021 2.915 2.828 2.692 2.316 1 .837
7.3 14 5.178 4.313 3.828 3.514 3.291 3.124 2.993 2.888 2.801 2.665 2.288 1 .805
40
7.077 4.977 4.126 3.649 3.339 3.119 2.953 2.823 2.718 2.632 2.496 2.1 15 1 .601
60
6.851 4.787 3.949 3.480 3.174 2.956 2.792 2.663 2.559 2.472 2.336 1.950 1.381
2.5 1 1 2.407 2.321 2.185 1.791 1 .000
120
co 6.635 4.605 3.782 3.3 19 3.017 2.802 2.639

1 74
 Probabilities for the Poisson distribution
P (X :o; x) =
x -J.l t
The function tabulated is L. �!
.
1=0 t
x= O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 11 12 13 =x
J.l fl
0.05 0.95123 0.99879 0.99998 0.05
o:to 0.90484 0.99532 0.99985 0.10
0.15 0.86071 0.98981, 0.99950
0.81873 0.98248 : 0.99885
0.15
0.20 0.20
All 1.00000
0.74082 0.96306 0.99640 0.999]3
'-0.99322-'
0.30
0.67032 0.93845"' 0.99207
0.30
0.40 0.40
0.50 0.60653 0.90980 0.98561 0.99825
0.54881 0.87810 0.97688 0.99664
0.50
0.60 0.60
0.70 0.49659 0.84420 0.96586 0.99425 0.70

0.80 0.44933 0.80879 0.95258 0.99092 0.99859 0.99982 0.80

0.90 0.40657 0.77248 0.93714 0.98654 0.99766 0.99966 0.90
1.00 0.36788 0.73576 0.91970 0.98101 0.99634 0.99941 1.00
1.10 0.33287 0.69903 0.90042 0.97426 0.99456 0.99903 1.10
1.20 0.30119 0.66263 0.87949 0.96623 0.99225 0.99850 1.20

1.30 0.27253 0.62682 0.8571 1 0.95690 0.98934 0.99777 0.99960

0.24660 0.59183 0.83350 0.94627 0.98575 0.99680 0.99938
1.30
1.40 1.40
1.50 0.22313 0.55783 0.80885 0.93436 0.98142 0.99554 0.99907 1.50
1.60 0.20190 0.52493 0.78336 0.92 1 19 0.97632 0.99396 0.99866
0.18268 0.49325 0.75722 0.90681 0.97039 0.99200 0.99812
1.60
1.70 1.70

1.80 0.16530 0.46284 0.73062 0.89129 0.96359 0.98962 0.99743 0.99944 0.99989 1.80
1.90 0.14957 0.43375 0.70372 0.87470 0.95592 0.98678 0.99655 0.99921 0.99984 0.99999
0.13534 0.40601 0.67668 0.85712 0.94735 0.98344 0.99547 0.99890 0.99976 0.99999
1.90
2.00 . 2.00
0.12246 0.37961 0.64963 0.83864 0.93787 0.97955 0.99414 0.99851 0.99966 0.99999
•

2.10 2.10
2.20 0.1 1080 0.35457 0.62271 0.81935 0.92750 0.97509 0.99254 0.99802 0.99953 0.99998 2.20

2.30 0.10026 0.33085 0.59604 0.79935 0.91625 0.97002 0.99064 0.99741 0.99936 0.99986 0.99997 0.99999
0.09072 0.30844 0.56971 0.77872 0.90413 0.96433 0.98841 0.99666
2.30
2.40 0.99914 0.99980 0.99996 0.99999 2.40
2.50 , 0.08208 0.28730 0.54381 0.75758 0.89118/ 0.95798 0.98581 0.99575 0.99886 0.99972 0.99994 0.99999 2.50
2.60 0.07427 0.26738 0.51843 0.73600 0.87742 0.95096 0.98283 0.99467 0.99851 0.99962 0.99991 0.99998 2.60
......
-..)
2.70 0.06721 0.24866 0.49362 0.71409 0.86291 0.94327 0.97943 0.99338 0.99809 0.99950 0.99988 0.99997 0.99999 2.70
et.
......
--l
0\ Probabilities for the Poisson distribution
x -Il t
P(X ::; x) == L�·
1=0
t!

x= O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 11 12 13 =x

/-.l /-.l
0.06081 0.23108 0.46945 0.69194 0.84768 0.93489 0.97559 0.99187 0.99757 0.99934 0.99984 0.99996 0.99999 1.00000
0.83178 &*2583
2.80
0.05502 0.21459 0.44596 0.66962 0.97128 0.99012 0.99694 0.99914 0.99978 0.99995 0.99999 1.00000
2.80

0.81526 �.�FW
2.90
)( 3.00 0.04979 0.19915 0.42319 0.64723 0.96649 0.98810 0.99620 0.99890 0.99971 0.99993 0.99998 1.00000
2.90

3.10 0.04505 0.18470 0.40116 0.62484 0.79819 . J 0.96120 0.98579 0.99532 0.99860 0.99962 0.99990 0.99998 1.00000
3.00

3.20 0.04076 0.17120 0.37990 0.60252 0.78061 0.89459 0.95538 0.98317 0.99429 0.99824 0.99950 0.99987 0.99997 0.99999
3.10
3.20

3.30 0.03688 0.15860 0.35943 0.58034 0.76259 0.88288 0.94903 0.98022 0.99309 0.99781 0.99936 0.99983 0.99996 0.99999
3.40 0.03337 0.14684 0.33974 0.55836 0.74418 0.87054 0.94215 0.97693 0.99171 0.99729 0.99919 0.99978 0.99994 0.99999
3.30

3.50 0.03020 0.13589 0.32085 0.53663 0.72544 0.85761 0.93471 0.97326 0.99013 0.99669 0.99898 0.99971 0.99992 0.99998
3.40

3.60 0.02732 0.12569 0.30275 0.51522 0.70644 0.84412 0.92673 0.96921 0.98833 0.99598 0.99873 0.99963 0.99990 0.99997
3.50

3.70 0.02472 0.1 1 620 0.28543 0.49415 0.68722 0.83009 0.91819 0.96476 0.98630 0.99515 0.99843 0.99953 0.99987 0.99997
3.60
3.70

3.80 0.02237 0.10738 0.26890 0.47348 0.66784 0.81556 0.9091 1 0.95989 0.98402 0.99420 0.99807 0.99941 0.99983 0.99996
3.90 0.02024 0.09919 0.25313 0.45325 0.64837 0.80056 0.89948 0.95460 0.98147 0.9931 1 0.99765 0.99926 0.99978 0.99994
3.80

4.00 0.01832 0.09158 0.23810 0.43347 0.62884 0.78513 0.88933 0.94887 0.97864 0.99187 0.99716 0.99908 0.99973 0.99992
3.90

4.10 0.01657 0.08452 0.22381 0.41418 0.60931 0.76931 0.87865 0.94269 0.97551 0.99046 0.99659 0.99887 0.99966 0.99990
4.00

4.20 0.01500 0.07798 0.21024 0.39540 0.58983 0.75314 0.86746 0.93606 0.97207 0.98887 0.99593 0.99863 0.99957 0.99987
4.10
4.20

4.30 0.01357 0.07191 0.19735 0.37715 0.57044 0.73666 0.85579 0.92897 0.96830 0.98709 0.9951 8 0.99833 0.99947 0.99984
4.40 0.01228 0.06630 0.18514 0.35945 0.55118 0.71991 0.84365 0.92142 0.96420 0.9851 1 0.99431 0.99799 0.99934 0.99980
4.30

4.50 0.011 1 1 0.06 1 10 0.17358 0.34230 0.53210 0.70293 0.83105 0.91341 0.95974 0.98291 0.99333 0.99760 0.99919 0.99975
4.40

4.60 0.01005 0.05629 0.16264 0.32571 0.51323 0.68576 0.81803 0.90495 0.95493 0.98047 0.99222 0.99714 0.99902 0.99969
4.50

4.70 0.00910 0.05184 0.15230 0.30968 0.49461 0.66844 0.80461 0.89603 0.94974 0.97779 0.99098 0.99661 0.99882 0.99961
4.60
4.70

4.80 0.00823 0.04773 0.14254 0.29423 0.47626 0.65101 0.79080 0.88667 0.94418 0.97486 0.98958 0.99601 0.99858 0.99953
4.90 0.00745 0.04393 0.13333 0.27934 0.45821 / 0.63350 0.77665 0.87686 0.93824 0.97166 0.98803 0.99532 0.99830 0.99942
4.80

5.00 0.00674 0.04043 0.12465 0.26503 0.44049 0.61596 0.76218 0.86663 0.93191 0.96817 0.98630 0.99455 0.99798 0.99930
4.90

5.10 0.00610 0.03719 0.1 1648 0.25127 0.42313 0.59842 0.74742 -0,85598"" 0.92518 0.96440 0.98440 0.99367 0.99761 0.99916
5.00

5.20 0.00552 0.03420 0.10879 0.23807 0.40613 0.58091 0.73239 0.84492 0.91806 0.96033 0.98230 0.99269 0.99719 0.99899
5.10
5.20
 Probabilities for the Poisson distribution
x -)1 t
P(X :::; x) =L�·
lt�O t

x= o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 11 12 13 =x

!-! !-!
5.30 0.00499 0.03145 0.10155 0.22541 0.38952 0.56347 0.7 1 7 1 3 0.83348 0.9 1 055 0.95594 0 ..98000 0.991 59 0.99671 0.99880 530
5.40 0.00452 0.02891 0.09476 0.21329 0.37331 0.5461 3 0.70167 0.821 66 0.90265 0.95125 0:97749 0.99037 0.9961 7 0.99857 5.40
5.50 0.00409 0.02656 , 0:08838 0.20170 0.35752 0.52892 0.68604 0.80949 0.89436 0.94622 0.97475 0.98901 0.99555 0.9983 1 5.50
5.60 0.00370 0.02441 0.08239 0.19062 0.3421 5 0.5 1 1 8 6 0.67026 0.79698 0.88568 0.94087 0.97178 0.98751 0.99486 0.99802 5.60
5.70 0.00335 0.02242 0.07677 0 . 18005 0.32721 0.49498 0.65437 0.784 1 5 0.87662 0.9351 8 0.96856 0.98586 0.99408 0.99768 5.70

5.80 0.00303 0.02059 0.07 1 5 1 0.1 6996 0.3 1 272 0.47831 0.63839 0.77103 0.8671 9 0.9291 6 0.9651 0 0.98405 0.99321 0.99730 5.80
5.90 0.00274 0.01 890 0.06658 0 . 16035 0.29866 0.461 87 0.62236 0.75763 0.85739 0.92279 0.961 3 7 0.98207 0.99224 0.99686 5.90
6.00 0.00248 0.01 735 0.06197 0.1 5 120 0.28506 0.44568 0.60630 0.74398 0.84724 0.9 1 608 0.95738 0.97991 0.99 1 1 7 0.99637 6.00
6.10 0.00224 0.01592 0.05765 0.14250 0.27189 0.42975 0.59024 0.7301 0 0.83674 0.90902 0.953 1 1 0.97756 0.98999 0.99582 6.10
6.20 0.00203 0.0146 1 0.05362 0.13423 0.25 9 1 8 0.4 1 4 1 1 0.57421 0.7 1 602 0.82591 0.90162 0.94856 0.97502 0.98868 0.99520 6.20

6.30 0.00184 0.01 34 1 0.04985 0.1 2637 0.24690 0.39877 0.55823 0.70175 0.81477 0.89388 0.94372 0.97227 0.98725 0.99451 6.30
6.40 0.00166 0.01230 0.04632 0.1 1892 0.23507 0.38374 0.54233 0.68732 0.8033 1 0.88580 0.93859 0.96930 0.98568 0.99375 6.40
6.50 0.00150 0.0 1 128 0.04304 0. 1 1 1 85 0.22367 0.36904 0.52652 0.67276 0.79157 0.87738 0.93 3 1 6 0.96612 0.98397 0.99290 6.50
6.60 0.00136 0.01 034 0.03997 0.10515 0.21270 0.35467 0.51 084 0.65808 0.77956 0.86864 0.92743 0.96271 0.9821 1 0.991 96 6.60
6.70 0.00123 0.00948 0.0371 1 0.09881 0.2021 6 0.34065 0.49530 0.64332 0.76728 0.85957 0.92140 0.95906 0.98009 0.99093 6.70

6.80 0.00 1 1 1 0.00869 0.03444 0.09281 0.19203 0.32698 0.47992 0.62849 0.75477 0.85018 0.91 507 0.9551 7 0.97790 0.98979 6.80
6.90 0.001 0 1 0.00796 0.03 1 95 0.0871 3 0. 1 823 1 0.31 3 66 0.46472 0.61361 0.74203 0.84049 0.90843 0.95104 0.97554 0.98855 6.90
7.00 0.00091 0.00730 0.02964 0.081 77 0.1 7299 0.30071 0.44971 0.59871 0.72909 0.83050 0.90148 0.94665 0.97300 0.9871 9 7.00
7.25 0.00071 0.00586 0.02452 0.06963 0.1 5138 0.26992 0.4 1 3 1 6 0.56152 0.69596 0.80427 0.88279 0.93454 0.96581 0.98324 7.25
7.50 0.00055 0.00470 0.02026 0.0591 5 0. 1 3206 0.24144 0.3781 5 0.52464 0.66197 0.77641 0.86224 0.92076 0.95733 0.97844 7.50

7.75 0.00043 0.00377 0.01 670 0.0501 2 0.1 1487 0.21522 0.34485 0.48837 0.62740 0.7471 2 0.83990 0.90527 0.94749 0.97266 7.75
8.00 0.00034 0.00302 0.01375 0.04238 0.09963 0. 1 9124 0.3 1337 0.45296 0.59255 0.71 662 0.81589 0.88808 0.93620 0.96582 8.00
8.25 0.00026 0.00242 0.01 1 3 1 0.03576 0.08619 0.16939 0.28380 0.41864 0.55770 0.6851 6 0.79032 0.8691 9 0.92341 0.95782 8.25
8.50 0.00020 0.00193 0.00928 0.0301 1 0.07436 0.1 4960 0.25618 0.38560 0.5231 1 0.65297 0.76336 0.84866 0.90908 0.94859 8.50
8.75 0.0001 6 0.00154 0.00761 0.02530 0.06401 0. 1 3 1 74 0.23051 0.35398 0.48902 0.62031 0.73 5 1 9 0.82657 0.89320 0.93805 8.75

-..J
-..J

--�-- - --- ----

_it•••"•••i'l4\(••��\\14Jf$gi\1i_.0itAtJ{cAXHs)J�:tkMf4;k\\d\" 'x��JY!%i\y �

r ?
......
--l
00 Probabilities for the Poisson distribution
x -!-l t
P(X :::; x) = L�!
·
1=0 t

x= O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 11 12 13 =x

J.t J.t
9.00 0.00012 0.00123 0.00623 0.02123 0.05496 0.1 1 569 0.20678 0.32390 0.45565 0.58741 0.70599 0.80301 0.87577 0.9261 5 9.00
9.25 0.00010 0.00099 0.0051 0 0.01 777 0.04709 0. 1 0 133 0.1 8495 0.29544 0.42320 0.5545 1 0.67597 0.7781 0 0.85683 0.91285 9.25
9.50 0.00007 0.00079 0.00416 0.01486 0.04026 0.08853 0.16495 0.26866 0.39182 0.52183 0.64533 0.75199 0.83643 0.8981 4 9.50
9.75 0.00006 0.00063 0.00340 0.01240 0.03435 0.07716 0.14671 0.24359 0.36166 0.48957 0.61428 0.72483 0.81464 0.88200 9.75
10.00 0.00005 0.00050 0.00277 0.01 034 0.02925 0.06709 0.13014 0.22022 0.33282 0.45793 0.58304 0.69678 0.79156 0.86446 10.00

10.25 0.00004 0.00040 0.00226 0.00860 0.02486 0.05820 0. 1 15 1 5 0.1 9854 0.30538 0.42707 0.55179 0.66802 0.76729 0.84556 10.25
1 0.50 0.00003 0.00032 0.00183 0.00715 0.02109 0.05038 0. 1 0163 0.1 7851 0.27941 0.39713 0.52074 0.63873 0.74196 0.82535 10.50
10.75 0.00002 0.00025 0.00149 0.00593 0.01 786 0.04352 0.08949 0.1 6008 0.25494 0.36825 0.49005 0.60908 0.71572 0.80390 10.75
11.00 0.00002 0.00020 0.00121 0.00492 0.0 1 5 1 0 0.03752 0.07861 0.143 1 9 0.23 199 0.34051 0.45989 0.57927 0.68870 0.78129 11.00
11.25 0.00001 0.00016 0.00098 0.00407 0.01275 0.03228 0.06891 0.12777 0.21054 0.3 140 1 0.43041 0.54945 0.66105 0.75763 1 1 .25

11.50 0.00001 0.00013 0.00080 0.00336 0.0 1 075 0.02773 0.06027 0.1 1373 0.1 9059 0.28879 0.401 73 0.5 1980 0.63295 0.73304 11.50
1 1 .75 0.00001 0.00010 0.00065 0.00278 0.00904 0.02377 0.05260 0.10101 0.17210 0.26492 0.37397 0.49047 0.60453 0.70763 1 1 .75
12.00 0.00001 0.00008 0.00052 0.00229 0.00760 0.02034 0.04582 0.08950 0.15503 0.24239 0.34723 0.461 60 0.57597 0.68154 12.00
12.25 0.00000 0.00006 0.00042 0.00189 0.00638 0.01 738 0.03984 0.07914 0.13932 0.22123 0.32158 0.43332 0.54740 0. 65489 12.25
12.50 0.00000 0.00005 0.00034 0.00155 0.00535 0.01 482 0.03457 0.06983 0.12492 0.20143 0.29707 0.40576 0.5 1 898 0.62784 12.50

12.75 0.00000 0.00004 0.00028 0.00128 0.00447 0.01262 0.02994 0.06148 0. 1 1 175 0. 1 8297 0.27377 0.37901 0.49083 0.60051 12.75
13.00 0.00000 0.00003 0.00022 0.00105 0.00374 0.01073 0.02589 0.05403 0.09976 0. 1 658 1 0.25 168 0.353 16 0.463 1 0 0.57304 13.00
13.25 0.00000 0.00003 0.000 1 8 0.00086 0.003 1 2 0.0091 1 0.02234 0.04739 0.08886 0.14993 0.23083 0.32829 0.43590 0.54558 13.25
13.50 0.00000 0.00002 0.00014 0.00071 0.00260 0.00773 0.01 925 0.04148 0.07900 0.13526 0.2 1 1 23 0.30445 0.40933 0.5 1 825 13.50
13.75 0.00000 0.00002 0.00012 0.00058 0.002 1 7 0.00654 0.01 656 0.03625 0.07008 0.12177 0. 19285 0.28169 0.38349 0.49 1 1 6 13.75

14.00 0.00000 0.00001 0.00009 0.00047 0.00 1 8 1 0.00553 0.01423 0.03 162 0.06206 0. 1 0940 0.1 7568 0.26004 0.35846 0.46445 14.00
14.25 0.00000 0.00001 0.00008 0.00039 0.00150 0.00467 0.01220 0.02753 0.05484 0.09808 0.15970 0.23952 0.33430 0.43820 14.25
14.50 0.00000 0.00001 0.00006 0.00032 0.00125 0.00394 0.01 045 0.02394 0.04838 0.08776 0.14486 0.2201 3 0.3 1 108 0.41253 14.50
14.75 0.00000 0.00001 0.00005 0.00026 0.00103 0.00332 0.00894 0.02077 0.04260 0.07837 0.13 1 1 3 0.201 88 0.28884 0.38751 14.75
15.00 0.00000 0.00000 0.00004 0.00021 0.00086 0.00279 0.00763 0.01 800 0.03745 0.06985 0.1 1 846 0.1 8475 0.26761 0.36322 15.00
 Probabilities for the Poisson distribution
x -� 1
P(X :O; x) = L�·
1=0
t!

x= O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 11 12 13 =x

)l )l
15.50 0.00003 0.00014 0.00059 0.00197 0.00554 0.01346 0.02879 0.05519 0.09612 0.15378 0.22827 0.31708
16.00 0.00002 0.00009 0.00040 0.00138 0.00401 0.01000 0.02199 0.04330 0.07740 0.12699 0.19312 0.27451
15.50

16.50 0.00001 0.00006 0.00027 0.00097 0.00288 0.00739 0.01669 0.03374 0.06187 0.10407 0.16210 0.23574
16.00

17.00 0.00001 0.00004 0.00018 0.00067 0.00206 0.00543 0.01260 0.02612 0.04912 0.08467 0.13502 0.20087
16.50

17.50 0.00000 0.00003 0.00012 0.00047 0.00147 0.00397 0.00945 0.02010 0.03875 0.06840 0.1 1165 0.16987
17.00
17.50

0.00002 0.00008 0.00032 0.00104 0.00289 0.00706 0.01538 0.03037 0.05489 0.09167 0.14260
I
18.00
18.50 0.00001 0.00006 0.00022 0.00074 0.00210 0.00524 0.01170 0.02366 0.04376 0.07475 0.1 1886
18.00

19.00 0.00001 0.00004 0.00015 0.00052 0.00151 0.00387 0.00886 0.01832 0.03467 0.06056 0.09840
18.50

19.50 0.00003 0.00011 0.00036 0.00109 0.00285 0.00667 0.01411 0.02731 0.04875 0.08092
19.00

20.00 0.00002 0.00007 0.00026 0.00078 0.00209 0.00500 0.01081 0.02139 0.03901 0.06613
19.50
20.00
All 0.00000
20.50 0.00001 0.00005 0.00018 0.00056 0.00152 0.00373 0.00824 0.01666 0.03103 0.05371
21.00 0.00001 0.00003 0.00012 0.00039 0.001 1 1 0.00277 0.00625 0.01290 0.02455 0.04336
20.50

0.00002 0.00009 0.00028 0.00080

21.00
21.50 0.00204 0.00472 0.00995 0.01931 0.03481
22.00 0.00002 0.00006 0.00020 0.00058 0.00150 0.00355 0.00763 0.01512 0.02778
21.50

22.50 0.00001 0.00004 0.00014 0.00041 0.00110 0.00265 0.00583 0.01177 0.02206
22.00
22.50

23.00 0.00001 0.00003 0.00010 0.00030 0.00081 0.00198 0.00443 0.00912 0.01743
0.00002 0.00007
23.00
23.50 0.00021 0.00059 0.00147 0.00335 0.00704 0.01370
24.00 0.00001 0.00005 0.00015 0.00043 0.00108 0.00252 0.00540 0.01072
23.50

24.50 0.00001 0.00003 0.00011 0.00031 0.00080 0.00189 0.00413 0.00834

24.00

25.00 0.00001 0.00002 0.00008 0.00022 0.00059 0.00142 0.00314 0.00647

24.50
25.00

......
--l
'-O
 Probabilities for the Poisson distribution
p(X S:x) = ±
e-!1J..I t
.
1=0 t!

x= 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 =x
J.1 J.1
3.30 3.30
3.40 3.40
3.50 3.50
3.60 0.99999 3.60
3.70 0.99999 3.70

3.80 0.99999 3.80

3.90 0.99999 All 1.000( 3.90
4.00 0.99998 4.00
4.10 0.99997 0.99999 4.10
4.20 0.99997 0.99999 4.20

4.30 0.99996 0.99999 4.30

4.40 0.99994 0.99998 4.40
4.50 0.99993 0.99998 0.99999 4.50
4.60 0.99991 0.99997 0.99999 4.60
4.70 0.99988 0.99997 0.99999 4.70

4.80 0.99985 0.99996 0.99999 4.80

4.90 0.99982 0.99995 0.99998 4.90
5.00 0.99977 0.99993 0.99998 0.99999 5.00
5.10 0.99972 0.99991 0.99997 0.99999 5.10
5.20 0.99966 0.99989 0.99997 0.99999 5.20

5.30 0.99959 0.99987 0.99996 0.99999 5.30

5.40 0.99950 0.99984 0.99995 0.99999 5.40
5.50 0.99940 0.99980 0.99994 0.99998 0.99999 5.50
5.60 0.99928 0.99976 0.99992 0.99998 0.99999 5.60
5.70 0.999 1 5 0.99970 0.99990 0.99997 0.99999 5.70

5.80 0.99899 0.99964 0.99988 0.99996 0.99999 5.80

5.90 0.99881 0.99957 0.99986 0.99995 0.99999
lì C'lC'lo.t:f'I lì nnnAf'I f\ Anno'} f\ ('\f'\f\(,\A n nn{'\t"\o n f'\nnnn
5.90
6.00 6.00
6.10 6.10
6.20 6.20
 Probabilities for the Poisson distribution
x -� 1
p(X :::; X) = L�·
1=0
t!

x= 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 =x

f.l f.l
6.30 0.99778 0.99916 0.99970 0.99990 0.99997 0.99999 6.30
6.40 0.99744 0.99901 0.99964 0.99987 0.99996 0.99999 6.40
6.50 0.99704 0.99884 0.99957 0.99985 0.99995 0.99998 6.50
6.60 0.99661 0.99865 0.99949 0.99982 0.99994 0.99998 0.99999 6.60
6.70 0.9961 1 0.99843 0.99940 0.99978 0.99993 0.99998 0.99999 6.70

0.99557 0.99818 0.99930 0.99974 0.99991 0.99997

All 1.00000
6.80 0.99999 6.80
6.90 0.99496 0.99791 0.99918 0.99969 0.99989 0.99996 0.99999 6.90
7.00 0.99428 0.99759 0.99904 0.99964 0.99987 0.99996 0.99999 7.00
7.25 0.99227 0.99664 0.99862 0.99946 0.99980 0.99993 0.99998 0.99999 7.25
7.50 0.98974 0.99539 0.99804 0.99921 0.99970 0.99989 0.99996 0.99999 7.50

7.75 0.98659 0.99379 0.99728 0.99887 0.99955 0.99983 0.99994 0.99998 7.75
8.00 0.98274 0.99177 0.99628 0.99841 0.99935 0.99975 0.99991 0.99997 8.00
8.25 0.97810 0.98925 0.99500 0.99779 0.99907 0.99963 0.99986 0.99995 8.25
8.50 0.97257 0.98617 0.99339 0.99700 0.99870 0.99947 0.99979 0.99992 8.50
8.75 0.96608 0.98243 0.99 l37 0.99597 0.99821 0.99924 0.99969 0.99988 8.75

9.00 0.95853 0.97796 0.98889 0.99468 0.99757 0.99894 0.99956 0.99983 0.99993 0.99998 9.00
9.25 0.94986 0.97269 0.98588 0.99306 0.99675 0.99855 0.99938 0.99975 0.99990 0.99996 9.25
9.50 0.94001 0.96653 0.98227 0.99107 0.99572 0.99804 0.99914 0.99964 0.99985 0.99994 0.99999 9.50
9.75 0.92891 0.95941 0.97799 0.98864 0.99442 0.99738 0.99882 0.99949 0.99979 0.99992 0.99999 9.75
10.00 0.91654 0.95126 0.97296 0.98572 0.99281 0.99655 0.99841 0.99930 0.99970 0.99988 0.99998 10.00

10.25 0.90287 0.94203 0.96712 0.98224 0.99085 0.99550 0.99788 0.99905 0.99959 0.99983 0.99993 0.99997 10.25
10.50 0.88789 0.93 167 0.96039 0.97814 0.98849 0.99421 0.99721 0.99871 0.99943 0.99976 0.99990 0.99996 10.50
10.75 0.87160 0.920 l 3 0.95273 0.97335 0.98566 0.99263 0.99637 0.99829 0.99922 0.99966 0.99986 0.99994 10.75
11.00 0.85404 0.90740 0.94408 0.96781 0.98231 0.99071 0.99533 0.99775 0.99896 0.99954 0.99980 0.99992 11.00
11.25 0.83524 0.89345 0.93438 0.96146 0.97839 0.98841 0.99405 0.99707 0.99861 0.99937 0.99972 0.99988 11.25

11.50 0.81526 0.87829 0.92360 0.95425 0.97383 0.98568 0.99250 0.99623 0.998 1 8 0.99915 0.99962 0.99984 11.50
11.75 0.79416 0.861 94 0.9 1 1 72 0.94612 0.96858 0.98247 0.99063 0.995 1 9 0.99763 0.99888 0.99949 0.99977 11.75
12.00 0.77202 0.84442 0.89871 0.93703 0.96258 0.97872 0.98840 0.99393 0.99695 0.99853 0.99931 0.99969 12.00
12.25 0.74895 0.82576 0.88457 0.92695 0.95579 0.97438 0.98577 0.99242 0.99612 0.99809 0.99909 0.99958 12.25
12.50 0.72503 0.80603 0.86931 0.91584 0.94815 0.96941 0.98269 0.99060 0.99509 0.99754 0.99881 0.99944 12.50
 ProbabUities for the Poisson distribution
x -)1 t
p(X :O; x) = L�·
!1=0 t

x= 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 =x

I-l I-l
12.75 0.70039 0.78529 0.85294 0.90368 0.93962 0.96374 0.979 1 1 0.98845 0.99386 0.99686 0.99845 0.99926 12.75
13.00 0.67513 0.76361 0.83549 0.89046 0.93017 0.95733 0.97499 0.98592 0.99238 0.99603 0.99801 0.99903 13.00
13.25 0.64938 0.74108 0.81701 0.87619 0.91976 0.95014 0.97027 0.98297 0.99062 0.99502 0.99746 0.99875 13.25
13.50 0.62327 0.71 779 0.79755 0.86088 0.90838 0.94213 0.96491 0.97955 0.98854 0.99382 0.99678 0.99838 13.50
13.75 0.59691 0.69385 0.77716 0.84454 0.89601 0.93326 0.95886 0.97563 0.9861 1 0.99238 0.99597 0.99794 13.75

14.00 0.57044 0.66936 0.75592 0.82720 0.88264 0.92350 0.95209 0.971 1 6 0.98329 0.99067 0.99498 0.99739 14.00
14.25 0.54396 0.64443 0.73391 0.80891 0.86829 0.91282 0.94455 0.96608 0.98003 0.98867 0.99380 0.99673 14.25
14.50 0.5 1 760 0.61916 0.71 121 0.78972 0.85296 0.90122 0.93622 0.96038 0.97630 0.98634 0.99241 0.99592 14.50
14.75 0.49146 0.59368 0.68791 0.76968 0.83668 0.88869 0.92705 0.95399 0.97206 0.98364 0.99076 0.99496 14.75
15.00 0.46565 0.56809 0.66412 0.74886 0.8 1947 0.87522 0.91703 0.94689 0.96726 0.98054 0.98884 0.99382 15.00

15.50 0.41541 0.5 1 701 0.61544 0.70518 0.78246 0.84551 0.89437 0.93043 0.95584 0.97296 0.98402 0.99087 15.50
16.00 0.36753 0.46674 0.56596 0.65934 0.74235 0.81225 0.86817 0.91 077 0.94176 0.96331 0.97768 0.98688 16.00
16.50 0.32254 0.41802 0.5 1 648 0.61205 0.69965 0.77572 0.83848 0.88780 0.92478 0.95 1 3 1 0.96955 0.98159 16.50
17.00 0.28083 0.37145 0.46774 0.56402 0.65496 0.73632 0.80548 0.86147 0.90473 0.93670 0.95935 0.97476 17.00
17.50 0.24264 0.32754 0.42040 0.51 600 0.60893 0.69453 0.76943 0.83185 0.88 150 0.91928 0.94682 0.966 1 1 17.50

18.00 0.20808 0.28665 0.37505 0.46865 0.56224 0.65092 0.73072 0.79912 0.85509 0.89889 0.93174 0.95539 18.00
18.50 0.17714 0.24903 0.33214 0.42259 0.51555 0.60607 0.68979 0.76355 0.82558 0.87547 0.91392 0.94238 18.50
19.00 0.14975 0.21479 0.29203 0.37836 0.46948 0.56061 0.64717 0.72550 0.79314 0.84902 0.89325 0.92687 19.00
19.50 0.12573 0.18398 0.25497 0.33639 0.42461 0.5 1514 0.60342 0.68538 0.75804 0.81963 0.86968 0.90872 19.50
20.00 0.10486 0.1 565 1 0.22107 0.29703 0.3 8 1 42 0.47026 0.55909 0.64370 0.72061 0.78749 0.84323 0.88782 20.00

20.50 0.08690 0.13227 0.1 9040 0.26050 0.34034 0.42648 0.51477 0.60095 0.68127 0.75285 0.81399 0.86413 20.50
21.00 0.07157 0. 1 1 1 07 0.16292 0.22696 0.30168 0.38426 0.47097 0.55769 0.64046 0.71603 0.78216 0.83770 21.00
21.50 0.05860 0.09269 0.1 3852 0.1 9647 0.26568 0.34401 0.42821 0.5 1442 0.59866 0.67741 0.74796 0.80863 21.50
22.00 0.04769 0.07689 0. 1 1 704 0.1 6900 0.23250 0.30603 0.38691 0.47164 0.55638 0.63742 0.7 1 1 72 0.77710 22.00
22.50 0.03860 0.06341 0.09830 0.14447 0.202 19 0.27054 0.34744 0.42983 0.51409 0.59652 0.67379 0.74334 22.50

23.00 0.03107 0.05200 0.08208 0. 12277 0.17477 0.23771 0.3 1 0 1 0 0.38938 0.47227 0.55515 0.63458 0.70766 23.00
23.50 0.02488 0.04241 0.06814 0.10372 0.15017 0.20761 0.275 12 0.35065 0.43134 0.5 1378 0.59451 0.67039 23.50
24.00 0.01983 0.03440 0.05626 0.08713 0.12828 0.1 8026 0.24264 0.3 1393 0.39170 0.47285 0.55400 0.63 191 24.00
24.50 0.01572 0.02776 0.04620 0.07278 0.1 0896 0.15561 0.21276 0.27943 0.35367 0.43276 0.51350 0.59262 24.50
25.00 0.01240 0.02229 0.03775 0.06048 0.09204 0.1 3357 0.1 8549 0.24730 0.3 1 753 0.39388 0.47340 0.55292 25.00
 Probabilities for the Poisson distribution
x -Il 1
P(x ::; x) = L�·
!
1=0
t

x= 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 =x

f.l f.l
9.00 9.00
9.25 9.25
9.50 9.50
9.75 9.75
10.00 0.99999 AlI 1 .00000 10.00

10.25 0.99999 10.25

10.50 0.99999 10.50
10.75 0.99998 10.75
11.00 0.99997 11.00
11.25 0.99995 11.25

11.50 0.99993 0.99997 1 1 .50

11.75 0.99990 0.99996 11.75
12.00 0.99987 0.99994 12.00
12.25 0.99982 0.99992 12.25
12.50 0.99975 0.99989 12.50

12.75 0.99966 0.99985 0.99994 0.99997 12.75

13.00 0.99955 0.99980 0.99991 0.99996 13.00
13.25 0.99940 0.99972 0.99988 0.99995 13.25
13.50 0.99922 0.99963 0.99983 0.99993 13.50
13.75 0.99898 0.99951 0.99978 0.99990 13.75

14.00 0.99869 0.99936 0.99970 0.99986 0.99994 0.99997 14.00

14.25 0.99833 0.99918 0.99961 0.99982 0.99992 0.99996 14.25
14.50 0.99789 0.99894 0.99948 0.99976 0.99989 0.99995 14.50
14.75 0.99734 0.99865 0.99933 0.99968 0.99985 0.99993 14.75
15.00 0.99669 0.99828 0.99914 0.99958 0.99980 0.99991 15.00

15.50 0.99496 0.99731 0.99861 0.99930 0.99966 0.99984 0.99993 0.99997 0.99999 15.50
16.00 0.99254 0.99589 0.99781 0.99887 0.99943 0.99972 0.99987 0.99994 0.99997 16.00
16.50 0.98923 0.99390 0.99665 0.99822 0.99908 0.99954 0.99978 0.99989 0.99995 0.99999 16.50
17.00 0.98483 0.99 1 1 7 0.99502 0.99727 0.99855 0.99925 0.99963 0.99982 0.99991 0.99998 0.99999 17.00
17.50 0.97908 0.98750 0.99275 0.99593 0.99778 0.99882 0.99939 0.99970 0.99985 0.99997 0.99999 17.50
00
� Probabilities for the Poisson distribution
·
x -J.l t

P (X ::; x) = L�
tl t=O

x= 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 =x

jl jl
18.00 0.97177 0.98268 0.98970 0.99406 0.99667 0.998 1 9 0.99904 0.99951 0.99975 0.99988 0.99994 0.99997 18.00
18.50 0.96263 0.97650 0.98567 0.99152 0.99512 0.99728 0.99852 0.99922 0.99960 0.99980 0.99990 0.99995 18.50
19.00 0.95144 0.96873 0.98046 0.98815 0.99302 0.99600 0.99777 0.99879 0.99936 0.99967 0.99984 0.99992 19.00
19.50 0.93800 0.95914 0.97387 0.98377 0.99021 0.99425 0.99672 0.99818 0.99902 0.99948 0.99973 0.99987 19.50
20.00 0.9221 1 0.94752 0.96567 0.97818 0.98653 0.99 1 9 1 0.99527 0.99731 0.99851 0.99920 0.99958 0.99978 20.00

20.50 0.90366 0.93368 0.95565 0.97 1 1 9 0.98180 0.98882 0.99332 0.996 1 1 0.99780 0.99878 0.99934 0.99966 20.50
21.00 0.88257 0.91746 0.94363 0.96258 0.97585 0.98483 0.99073 0.99448 0.99680 0.99819 0.99900 0.99946 21.00
21.50 0.85880 0.89875 0.92943 0.952 1 7 0.96847 0.97978 0.98737 0.99232 0.99545 0.99737 0.99852 0.99919 21.50
22.00 0.83242 0.87750 0.91291 0.93978 0.95949 0.97347 0.98308 0.98949 0.99364 0.99624 0.99784 0.99879 22.00
22.50 0.80353 0.85368 0.89399 0.92526 0.94871 0.96573 0.97770 0.98586 0.99126 0.99473 0.99690 0.99822 22.50

23.00 0.77230 0.82737 0.87260 0.90848 0.93598 0.95639 0.97106 0.98128 0.988 1 9 0.99274 0.99564 0.99745 23.00
23.50 0.73897 0.79866 0.84876 0.88936 0�92 1 1 7 0.94527 0.96298 0.97559 0.98430 0.99015 0.99397 0.99640 23.50
24.00 0.70382 0.76774 0.82253 0.86788 0.90415 0.93224 0.95330 0.96862 0.97943 0.98684 0.99179 0.99499 24.00
24.50 0.66717 0.73483 0.79402 0.84403 0.88487 0.91715 0.94187 0.96021 0.97343 0.98269 0.98899 0.993 16 24.50
25.00 0.62939 0.70019 0.76340 0.8 1 790 0.86331 0.89993 0.92854 0.95022 0.96616 0.97754 0.98545 0.99079 25.00
 Probabilities for the Poisson distribution
x e-J.lM-1
p(x :s; x) 2:,--.
=

1=0
t!

x= 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 =x

f..l f..l
15.50 15.50
16.00 16.00
16.50 16.50
17.00 17.00
17.50 0.99999 AlI 1 .00000 17.50

18.00 0.99999 18.00

18.50 0.99998 18.50
19.00 0.99996 19.00
19.50 0.99993 0.99999 19.50
20.00 0.99989 0.99999 20.00

20.50 0.99982 0.99991 0.99996 0.99998 20.50

21.00 0.99972 0.99986 0.99993 0.99996 21.00
21.50 0.99956 0.99977 0.99988 0.99994 21.50
22.00 0.99933 0.99964 0.99981 0.99990 22.00
22.50 0.99900 0.99945 0.99971 0.99985 22.50

23.00 0.99854 0.99918 0.99955 0.99976 0.99988 0.99994 0.99997 0.99998 23.00
23.50 0.99790 0.99880 0.99933 0.99963 0.99981 0.99990 0.99995 0.99997 0.99999 23.50
24.00 0.99702 0.99827 0.99901 0.99945 0.99970 0.99984 0.99992 0.99996 0.99999 0.99999 24.00
24.50 0.99585 0.99754 0.99857 0.999 1 9 0.99955 0.99976 0.99987 0.99993 0.99998 0.99999 24.50
25.00 0.99430 0.99656 0.99796 0.99882 0.99933 0.99963 0.99980 0.99989 0.99997 0.99999 0.99999 25.00

00
th
 Probabilities for the Binomial distribution
The function tabulated is P(X ::; x) = Lx (n) /q"-1 .
1=0 t
p= 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0:6 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.99
n x
2 O 0.9801 0.9025 0.8100 0.6400 0.5625 0.4900 0.3600 0.2500 0.1600 0.0900 0.0625 0.0400 0.0100 0.0025 0.0001
2 l 0.9999 0.9975 0.9900 0.9600 0.9375 0.9100 0.8400 0.7500 0.6400 0.5 100 0.4375 0.3600 0.1900 0.0975 0.0199
3 O 0.9703 0.8574 0.7290 0.5120 0.4219 0.3430 0.2160 0.1250 0.0640 0.0270 0.0156 0.0080 0.0010 0.0001 0.0000
3 l 0.9997 0.9928 0.9720 0.8960 0.8438 0.7840 0.6480 0.5000 0.3520 0.2160 0.1563 0.1 040 0.0280 0.0073 0.0003
3 2 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9990 0.9920 0.9844 0.9730 0.9360 0.8750 0.7840 0.6570 0.5781 0.4880 0.2710 0.1426 0.0297
4
4
O
l
0.9606
0.9994
0.8145
0.9860
0.6561
0.9477
0.4096 0.3 1 64 0.2401 0.1296 0.0625 @.0256 0.0081 0.0039 0.00 1 6 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
0.8192 0.7383 0.65 1 7 0.4752 0.3 125 0. 1 792 0.0837 0.0508 0.0272 0.0037 0.0005 0.0000
4 2 1.0000 0.9995 0.9963 0.9728 0.9492 0.9163 0.8208 0.6875 0.5248 , 0.3483 0.2617 0.1 808 0.0523 0.0140 0.0006
4 3 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9984 0.9961 0.9919 0.9744 0.9375 0.870±l 0.7599 0.6836 0.5904 0.3439 0 . 1 855 0.0394
5 O 0.95 10 0.7738 0.5905 0.3277 0.2373 0.1 681 0.0778 0.03 13 0.0102 0.0024 0.0010 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 l 0.9990 0.9774 0.9185 0.7373 0.6328 0.5282 0.3370 0.1875 0.0870 0.0308 0.0156 0.0067 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000
5 2 1 .0000 0.9988 0.9914 0.9421 0.8965 0.8369 0.6826 0.5000 0.3 1 74 0.1631 0.1035 0.0579 0.0086 0.0012 0.0000
5 3 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9995 0.9933 0.9844 0.9692 0.9 130 0.8125 0.6630 0.4718 0.3672 0.2627 0.0815 0.0226 0.0010
5 4 1.0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9997 0.9990 0.9976 0.9898 0.9688 0.9222 0.83 19 0.7627 0.6723 0.4095 0.2262 0.0490
6 O 0.9415 0.7351 0:5314 0.2621 0.1780 0. 1 1 76 0.0467 0.0156 0.0041 0.0007 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 l 0.9985 0.9672 0.8857 0.6554 0.5339 0.4202 0.2333 0.1 094 0.0410 0.0109 0.0046 0.0016 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
6 2 1 .0000 0.9978 0.9842 0.90 1 1 0.8306 0.7443 0.5443 0.3438 0.1 792 0.0705 0.0376 0.0170 0.0013 0.0001 0.0000
6 3 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9987 0.9830 0.9624 0.9295 0.8208 0.6563 0.4557 0.2557 0.1 694 0.0989 0.0159 0.0022 0.0000
6 4 1.0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9984 0.9954 0.9891 0.9590 0.8906 0.7667 0.5798 0.4661 0.3446 0.1 143 0.0328 0.0015
6 5 1.0000 1 .0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9993 0.9959 0.9844 0.9533 0.8824 0.8220 0.7379 0.4686 0.2649 0.0585
7 O 0.9321 0.6983 0.4783 0.2097 0.1 335 0.0824 0.0280 0.0078 0.0016 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 l 0.9980 0.9556 0.8503 0.5767 0.4449 0.3294 0.1586 0.0625 0.0188 0.0038 0.0013 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 2 1 .0000 0.9962 0.9743 0.8520 0.7564 0.6471 0.4199 0.2266 0.0963 0.0288 0.0129 0.0047 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
7 3 1 .0000 0.9998 0.9973 0.9667 0.9294 0.8740 0.7102 0.5000 0.2898 0.1260 0.0706 0.0333 0.0027 0.0002 0.0000
7 4 1.0000 1 .0000 0.9998 0.9953 0.9871 0.9712 0.9037 0.7734 0.5801 0.3529 0.2436 0.1480 0.0257 0.0038 0.0000
7 5 1 .0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9996 0.9987 0.9962 0.9812 0.9375 0.8414 0.6706 0.5551 0.4233 0.1497 0.0444 0.0020
7 6 1 .0000 1.0000 1.0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9984 0.9922 0.9720 0.9176 0.8665 0.7903 0.5217 0.3017 0.0679
 Probabilities for the Binomial distribution
The function tabulated is PCX 5, x) = i0 (nt J /q17-1 •

1=
p= 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.99
n x
8 O 0.9227 0.6634 0.4305 0.1678 0.1001 0.0576 0.0168 0.0039 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 l 0.9973 0.9428 0.8 1 3 1 0.5033 0.3671- 0.2553 0.1 064 Om52 0.0085 0.0013 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0_0000
8 2 0.9999 0.9942 0.9619 0.7969 0.6785 0.55 18 0.3 1 54 0.1445 0.0498 0.0 1 1 3 0.0042 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 3 1.0000 0.9996 0.9950 0.9437 0.8862 0.8059 0.5941 0.3633 0.1737 0.0580 0.0273 0.0104 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000
8 4 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9996 0.9896 0.9727 0.9420 0.8263 0.6367 0.4059 0.1941 0. 1 1 38 0.0563 0.0050 0.0004 0.0000
8 5 1 .0000 1 .0000 1.0000 0.9988 0.9958 0.9887 0.9502 0.8555 0.6846 0.4482 0.3215 0.2031 0.0381 0.0058 0.0001
8 6 1 .0000 1.0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9987 0.9915 0.9648 \ 0.8936 0.7447 0.6329 0.4967 0.1 869 0.0572 0.0027
8 7 1 .0000 1.0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9961 0.9832 0.9424 0.8999 0.8322 0.5695 0.3366 0.0773
9 O 0.9135 0.6302 0.3874 0.1 342 0.0751 0.0404 0.0101 0.0020 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 l 0.9966 0.9288 0.7748 0.4362 0.3003 0.1960 0.0705 0.0195 0.0038 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 2 0.9999 0.9916 0.9470 0.7382 0.6007 0.4628 0.23 1 8 0.0898 0.0250 0.0043 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 3 1 .0000 0.9994 0.99 1 7 0.9144 0.8343 0.7297 0.4826 0.2539 0.0994 0.0253 0.0100 0.0031 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
9 4 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9991 0.9804 0.95 1 1 0.9012 0.7334 0.5000 0.2666 0.0988 0.0489 0.0196 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000
9 5 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9969 0.9900 0.9747 0.9006 0.7461 0.5 174 0.2703 0.1657 0.0856 0.0083 0.0006 0.0000
9 6 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9997 0.9987 0.9957 0.9750 0_9102 \ 0.7682 0.5372 0.3993 0.2618 0.0530 0.0084 0.0001
9 7 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9962 0.9805 0.9295 0.8040 0.6997 0.5638 0.2252 0.0712 0.0034
9 8 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9997 0.9980 0.9899 0.9596 0.9249 0.8658 0.6126 0.3698 0.0865
lO O 0.9044 0.5987 0.3487 0.1 074 0.0563 0.0282 0.0060 0.0010 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
lO l 0.9957 0.9139 0.7361 0.3758 0.2440 0. 1493 0.0464 0.0107 0.00 1 7 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
10 2 0.9999 0.9885 0.9298 0.6778 0.5256 0.3828 0.1673 0.0547 0.0123 0.0016 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
lO 3 1 .0000 0.9990 0.9872 0.8791 0.7759 0.6496 0.3823 0.1719 0.0548 0.0106 0.0035 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
lO 4 1.0000 0.9999 0.9984 0.9672 0.9219 0.8497 0.6331 0.3770 0.1 662 0.0473 0.0197 0.0064 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
10 5 1.0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9936 0.9803 0.9527 0.8338 0.6230 0.3669 0.1503 0.0781 0.0328 0.00 1 6 0.0001 0.0000
lO 6 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9991 0.9965 0.9894 0.9452 1 0.8281' 0.6177 0.3504 0.2241 0.1209 0.0128 0.0010 0.0000
10 7' 1 .0000 1 .0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9984 0.9877 0.9453 0.8327 0.6172 0.4744 0.3222 0.0702 0.01 15 0.0001
lO 8 1 .0000 1 .0000 1.0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9983 0.9893 0.9536 0.8507 0.7560 0.6242 0.2639 0.0861 0.0043
10 9 1 .0000 1.0000 1.0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9990 0.9940 0.9718 0.9437 0.8926 0.6513 0.4013 0.0956
 Probabilities for the Binomial distribution
The function tabulated is P(X :::; x) = ± (nJ t t
p qn- .
/=0 t

p= 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.99
n x
12 O 0.8864 0.5404 0.2824 0.0687 0.03 1 7 0.0138 0.0022 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
12 1 0.9938 0.88 16 0.6590 0.2749 0 . 1 584 0.0850 0.0196 0.0032 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
12 2 0.9998 0.9804 0.8891 0.5583 0.3907 0.2528 0.0834 0.0193 0.0028 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
12 3 1 .0000 0.9978 0.9744 0.7946 0.6488 0.4925 0.2253 0.0730 0.0153 0.0017 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
12 4 1 .0000 0.9998 0.9957 0.9274 0.8424 0.7237 0.4382 0.1938 0.0573 0.0095 0.0028 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
12 5 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9995 0.9806 0.9456 0.8822 0.6652 0.3872 0 . 1 582 0.0386 0.0143 0.0039 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
12 6 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9961 0.9857 0.9614 0.8418 0.6128 0.3348 0.1 178 0.0544 0.0194 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000
12 7 1 .0000 1 .0000 1.0000 0.9994 0.9972 0.9905 0.9427 0.8062 0.5618 0.2763 0.1576 0.0726 0.0043 0.0002 0.0000
12 8 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9983 0.9847 0.9270 0.7747 0.5075 0.35 12 0.2054 0.0256 0.0022 0.0000
12 9 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9998 0.9972 0.9807 0.9166 0.7472 0.6093 0.4417 0.1 1 09 0.0196 0.0002
12 lO 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9997 0.9968 0.9804 0.9150 0.8416 0.7251 0.3410 0.1 184 0.0062
12 Il 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1.0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9998 0.9978 0.9862 0.9683 0.93 1 3 0.7176 0.4596 0.1 13 6
20 O 0.8179 0.3585 0.1216 0.0 1 1 5 0.0032 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 1 0.9831 0.7358 0.3 9 1 7 0.0692 0.0243 0.0076 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 2 0.9990 0.9245 0.6769 0.2061 0.0913 0.0355 0.0036 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 3 1 .0000 0.9841 0.8670 0.4 1 14 0.2252 0.107 1 0.0160 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 4 1 .0000 0.9974 0.9568 0.6296 0.4148 0.2375 0.05 1 0 0.0059 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 5 1 .0000 0.9997 0.9887 0.8042 0.6172 0.4164 0.1256 0.0207 0.00 1 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 6 1.0000 1 .0000 0.9976 0.9133 0.7858 0.6080 0.2500 0.0577 0.0065 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 7 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9996 0.9679 0.8982 0.7723 0.4159 0. 1 3 1 6 0.0210 0.0013 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 8 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9900 0.9591 0.8867 0.5956 0.25 1 7 0.0565 0.0051 0.0009 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 9 1.0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9974 0.9861 0.9520 0.7553 0.4 1 1 9 0.1275 0.0171 0.0039 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 lO 1 .0000 1 .0000 1.0000 0.9994 0.9961 0.9829 0.8725 0.5881 0.2447 0.0480 0.0 139 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 11 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9999 0.9991 0.9949 0.9435 0.7483 0.4044 0. 1 1 33 0.0409 0.0100 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
20 12 1 .0000 1 .0000 1.0000 1 .0000 0.9998 0.9987 0.9790 0.8684 0.5841 0.2277 0.1018 0.0321 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000
20 13 1 .0000 1 .0000 1.0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9997 0.9935 0.9423 0.7500 0.3920 0.2142 0.0867 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000
20 14 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9984 0.9793 0.8744 0.5836 0.3828 0.1958 0.0 1 1 3 0.0003 0.0000
20 15 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1.0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9997 0.9941 0.9490 0.7625 0.5852 0.3704 0.0432 0.0026 0.0000
20 16 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9987 0.9840 0.8929 0.7748 0.5886 0.1330 0.0159 0.0000
20 17 1 .0000 1 .0000 1.0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9998 0.9964 0.9645 0.9087 0.7939 0.3231 0.0755 0.0010
20 18 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9995 0.9924 0.9757 0.9308 0.6083 0.2642 0.0169
20 19 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1.0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 1 .0000 0.9992 0.9968 0.9885 0.8784 0.6415 0 . 1 821
 CriticaI values for the Grouping of Signs test
n2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
1
2
3
4 2 2 2
1 1 2
\1
5 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
7 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
8 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4
9 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
lO 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
11 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5
nl 12
13
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
14 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6
15 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6
16 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7
17 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7
18 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7
2 2 3 3
�
19 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8
20 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8
21 l 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8
22 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8
23 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9
24 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9
25 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 '7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9

. . i(nl -1)(no +IJ/Cl +n2 J

The table shows the greatest mteger x for WhlCh
1=1 t - I -t nl <
0.05 .
')
f !:-... �
G .... f (J �L+ -H o X
 Pseudorandom values from U(O,l)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO
0.587 0.155 0.999 0. 122 0.659 0.975 0.059 0.567 0.65 1 0.686
0.030 0.447 0.048 0.201 0.93 1 0.07 1 0.033 0.388 0.849 0.033
0.048 0.224 0.359 0.463 0.7 1 0 0.861 0.972 0.543 0.550 0.248
0.593 0.478 0.929 0.301 0.688 0.750 0.2 1 1 0.9 1 1 0.479 0.046
0 . 1 65 0. 1 1 3 0.695 0 .5 1 3 0.7 1 1 0.402 0.121 0.843 0.951 0.229
0.788 0.493 0.329 0. 1 60 0.708 0.309 0.878 0.650 0.279 0.617
0.7 1 4 0.980 0.946 0.530 0.973 0.440 0.728 0.652 0.303 0.398
0.265 0.320 0.065 0.573 0.708 0.682 0.014 0. 128 0. 1 1 3 0.938
0.7 1 2 0.524 0.747 0.136 0.004 0 . 1 65 0.070 0.43 1 0.201 0.965
0.630 0.933 0.863 0.802 0.642 0.625 0.244 0.961 0.458 0 . 1 27

0.569 0.813 0.341 0.055 0.483 0.756 0.186 0.273 0.443 0.618
0.766 0.449 0.026 0.276 0.977 0.4 1 0 0 . 1 02 0.695 0.487 0.640
0.638 0.335 0.466 0.808 0.907 0 . 1 62 0.355 0.333 0.529 0.390
0.984 0.575 0.300 0.836 0.276 0.638 0.674 0.625 0.885 0.451
0.721 0.857 0.303 0.076 0.124 0.688 0.455 0.536 0.842 0.533
0.028 0.271 0.245 0.290 0.534 0.924 0.093 0.724 0.651 0.422
0.726 0.399 0.474 0.221 0.898 0.838 0.723 0.139 0.2 19 0.7 1 1
0.2 1 8 0.240 0.036 0.206 0.582 0.203 0.676 0.371 0.791 0.069
0.792 0.704 0.959 0.6 15 0.440 0.3 1 1 0.994 0.785 0.041 0.737
0.656 0.285 0.886 0.954 0.846 0.595 0.2 15 0.484 0.158 0.435

Pseudorandom values from N(O,l)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO
-0.603 0.825 1. 166 1 .880 1.261 2.542 0.3 12 0.6 1 1 0.286 0.223
1 .469 0.282 -1 .250 - 1 . 1 76 -0.064 0.860 -1 .505 -0.828 -0.965 -0.166
-2. 1 99 0.169 0.278 0.580 --D.875 0.373 --D. 132 -0.153 -1 .322 2.340
1 .863 -1.302 0.260 -1 .023 0. 1 14 -0.904 0.500 --D.255 0.283 0.291
0.076 0.373 -0.448 0.998 0. 149 1 .987 -0.405 0.324 0. 1 1 2 -1 .367
-0.667 -0.589 0.080 1 .007 1 .548 1 .204 1 .886 -0.080 0.341 -0.808
0.495 -1 .693 0.647 0.172 1. 143 -1.519 -2.557 1 .3 5 1 --D.466 0.494
-0. 1 61 0.990 -1 .348 2.047 0 . 1 67 0.599 -0.530 1 .244 0.278 0.627
1 . l 05 0.85 1 -1 .012 0.89 1 0.256 0.297 1 .267 --D.053 -1 .776 1. 392
0.800 -0.867 0.229 --D.534 -0.602 1 .685 -1.210 -0.986 0.979 0.8 10
-0.738 0.765 -2.068 --D.660 2.704 0. 1 6 1 0.790 -0.284 -1.041 --D.852
-0.489 -0.250 -0.917 -2.549 -1 .879 0.156 -1.451 -0. 1 58 -2.252 -0.309
0 . 1 70 - 1 .623 0.442 --D.253 --D.786 -0.468 0.435 1 .544 -1.014 -1 . 1 87
-1.301 --D.901 0.8 1 0 -0.244 0.524 -0.622 -0.785 -0.949 -0.923 0.5 1 0
0.059 -1 .489 0.235 --D.230 1 .262 0.75 1 -0.377 0.63 1 0.520 1 .508
0.599 0 . 1 96 -1 .785 -0.899 -1 .347 -0.227 1 .027 0.704 1.943 -0.902
0.329 - 1 .008 0.834 1 .079 -0. 1 0 1 -0.322 -0.3 15 -0.254 -0.7 1 1 --D.285
-0.229 0.446 0.086 0.024 0.555 -0.360 0. 1 1 1 0.589 -0.325 -0.056
-0.987 -0.214 0.925 --D.656 1 .991 1.030 -0.961 -0.078 1 .023 -0.070
0.805 --D.359 - 1 . l 79 0.324 -0.208 -0.632 1 . 170 -0.432 0.7 1 6 - 1 . 801