H1 Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

of SINGAPORE
Chemical Engineering Process Lab
Experiment H1
Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger
Name :
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Objectives:
• To investigate the characteristics of double-pipe heat exchanger under various operating

conditions.
• To investigate the relationship between Nusselt and Reynolds numbers.
Apparatus:
Double-pipe exchanger setup
Theory:
The most common equipment in any chemical industry is a heat exchanger. Various types of heat
exchangers like double-pipe, shell and tube, plate heat exchangers etc. are used in the industries.
The double-pipe heat exchanger, which is the simplest of all types, consists of two concentric tubes;
one fluid flows through the inner tube while the other fluid flows in the annulus. The flow
arrangement could be co-current or counter-current.
The basic heat transfer equation in a heat exchanger is given by the

Q = U A ∆ T ln
Where Q = heat transferred
U = overall heat transfer coefficient
∆ T ln = log mean temperature difference
For calculations basing on the outer diameter of the inner tube, the above equation is then modified
to
Q = U o A o ∆ T ln
With the values of Q, A o , and ∆ T ln known from the experimental data, U o can then be calculated.
The value of the overall heat transfer coefficient can also be evaluated theoretically. Basing on the
outer diameter of the inner tube, it is defined as:
1
U o Ao =
∑R
where A o = outer surface of the inner tube
∑ R = total thermal resistance
and ∑ R = Inner tube fluid-film resistance + Tube-wall resistance + Annulus fluid-

film resistance
1 D D  1
= + 0 ln 0  +
hi Ai 2kAo  Di  ho Ao
where A i = inner surface area of the inner tube

A 0 = external surface area of the inner tube
D i = inner diameter of the inner tube
D o = outer diameter of the inner tube
k = thermal conductivity of the tube material
h i = inner tube fluid film heat transfer coefficient
h o = annulus fluid film heat transfer coefficient
h i and h o are both dependant on the fluid properties and the nature of the fluid flow (laminar,
transitional or turbulent) and can be calculated by using different empirical correlations (see
reference). The resistance of metal wall is usually insignificant compared with other resistances.
When metal wall temperature at inlet and exit are measured, the film heat transfer coefficients can
be determined experimentally.
Experimental Procedure:
Make sure that there is sufficient water in the hot water tank. Set the cold water flow control valve
for counter-current flow and the flow rate to about 15 g/s. Fully open the hot water flow rate control
valve, switch on the heater and raise the hot water temperature t 3 to 60 ~70 oC. Allow conditions to
stabilise and record temperatures and flow rates. Repeat observations with hot water flow rates of
about 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% of the initial value. The mean hot water temperature (t3+t6)/2
should be maintained within +/- 2oC for each hot water flow rate by adjusting the hot water inlet
temperature t3 or cold water flow rate. Repeat the experiment with concurrent flow configuration
by reversing the positions of the cold water flow control valves. At the end of experiment turn off
the heat switch, turn cold water flow to a high value and fully open the hot water control valve.
Turn off the main switch and the cold water supply after the system has cooled to about 40oC.
Note: For easy comparison, inlet temperatures and flow rates of the hot and cold water for both
counter-current and concurrent configurations should be set as closely as possible.
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of H952 heat exchanger
Effective length of the tube 1.05 m

Inner tube O.D. 9.5 mm
Inner tube I.D. 7.9 mm
Outer tube O.D. 12.7 mm
Outer tube I.D. 11.1 mm
t1 temperature of metal wall at hot water inlet
t2 temperature of metal wall at hot water outlet
t3 temperature of hot water at inlet
t4 temperature of hot water intermediate
t5 temperature of hot water intermediate
t6 temperature of hot water outlet
t7 temperature of cold water at inlet or outlet
t8 temperature of cold water intermediate
t9 temperature of cold water intermediate
t10/t0 temperature of cold water at inlet or outlet
Results and Discussion:
1. Check the energy balance for the heat exchanger. Are the assumptions required for the validity
of Q = U o A o ∆ T ln satisfied?
2. Plot the temperature profiles of hot water and cold water for both con-current and counter-
current arrangement.
3. Plot the film heat transfer coefficient h i and h o and the overall heat transfer coefficient versus hot
water flow for both configurations.
4. Investigate the relationship between Nusselt Number and Reynolds Number for the hot water and
compare your experimental results with those in the references.
5. Discuss briefly the differences between shell-and-tube heat exchanger and plate heat exchanger.
References:
1. Cengel, Y.A and Ghajar, A (2007). Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals & Applications.
McGraw Hill; Fourth edition in SI Units edition.
2. Raju, & K.S. (2011). Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer: Chemical
Engineering Practice. Wiley-AIChE
3. Welty J.R., Wicks C.E., Wilson R.E. & Rorrer G. (2007) Fundamentals of Momentum,
Heat, and Mass Transfer, 5th Edition. Publisher John Wiley & Son, New York.

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Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering

THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Chemical Engineering Process Lab

Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger

• To investigate the characteristics of double-pipe heat exchanger under various operating

• To investigate the relationship between Nusselt and Reynolds numbers.

Double-pipe exchanger setup

The basic heat transfer equation in a heat exchanger is given by the

and ∑ R = Inner tube fluid-film resistance + Tube-wall resistance + Annulus fluid-

where A i = inner surface area of the inner tube

Effective length of the tube 1.05 m

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