Chapter 11

1.
Define attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and describe

the most common treatment options for ADHD.
Treatment: The two most widely used Definition:
treatment approaches for children not attending to

with ADHD are medication and details, difficulty
sustaining attention
behaviorally based interventions. to tasks or
activities, does not
seem to listen, not
following through on
instructions
Traits:
inability to stay on
task, impulsive
behavior, and fidgeting
impair their ability to
learn and increase the
likelihood of
unsatisfactory
interactions with
others.
11.2. Define physical disabilities
and health impairments.
means having limited strength, vitality, or alertness, including a heightened alertness

to environmental stimuli
due to chronic or acute health problems such as asthma, attention deficit disorder
or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition,
hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia, nephritis, rheumatic fever, sickle cell
anemia, or Tourette syndrome; and
ii. Adversely affects academic performance.
11.3. State two reasons why the number of children served under the other
health impairments or orthopedic impairments categories of the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act is much smaller than the actual number of
children who have health impairments or physical disabilities.
Reason 2
Reason 1
physical and health
impairments often occur
First, numerous children have
with other disabilities,
chronic health conditions or
physical impairments that do not children may be counted
adversely affect their under other categories,
educational performance such as multiple disabilities,
sufficiently to warrant special speech impairment, or
education. intellectual disabilities.
11.4 the types and causes of health conditions and physical
impairments seen most frequently in school-age children.
Epilepsy produces disturbances of movement, sensation, behavior, or consciousness.

• Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism that can often be controlled with injections of insulin.
• Children with cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, asthma, HIV/AIDS, and other chronic health conditions may require special
education and other related services, such as health care services and counseling.
• Cerebral palsy is a permanent condition arising from impairment to the brain and causing disturbances in volun- tary motor
functions.
• Spina bifida is a congenital condition that may cause loss of sensation and severe muscle weakness in the lower part of the body.
Children with spina bifida can usually participate in most classroom activities but need assis- tance in toileting.
• Muscular dystrophy is an often fatal disease marked by progressive atrophy (wasting away) of the body’s muscles.

What causes
Cerebral Palsy?
11.5 Briefly explain how severity, age of onset, and
visibility of a health impairment or physical disability
can affect a child’s educational performance.
Affect on a
child
educational
performance
Physical
visibility of
disability
Successful reentry of
a health
children who have
impairment missed extended
Physical therapists (PTs) use periods of school
age of onset specialized knowledge to because of illness or
As with all plan and oversee a child’s disease requires
disabilities, it is program for making correct preparation of the
Severity important for the
and useful movements.
Occupational therapists
child, parents,
teacher to be aware (OTs) fo- cus on a child’s classmates, and
As with all disabilities,
of the child’s age at participation in activities that school personnel.
it is important for the
the time he acquired will be useful in self-help,
teacher to be aware of
Most children with health employment, recreation,
impairments and physical dis- the child’s age at the the health or
communication, and other
abilities require services from an time he acquired the physical impairment. aspects of daily living.
interdisciplinary team of health or physical

professionals. impairment.

11.6 Discuss the importance of a “parallel curriculum” for students with

health impairments or physical disabilities.
what is parallel curriculum?
increasing independence by self-administering

special health care routines; using adaptive
methods and assistive technologies for
mobility, communication, and daily-living
tasks; and learning self-determination and
self-advocacy skills.
Explain why the continuum of educational services and

placement options is especially critical for students with
health impairments or physical disabilities.
The education of students with health

and physical impairments in regular
classrooms has raised several
controversial issues, particularly with
regard to the provision of medically
related procedures in the classroom.
Successful reentry of children who
have missed extended periods of
school because of illness or disease
requires preparation of the child,
parents, classmates, and school
personnel.

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1.

Define attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and describe

Treatment: The two most widely used Definition:

treatment approaches for children not attending to

means having limited strength, vitality, or alertness, including a heightened alertness

Epilepsy produces disturbances of movement, sensation, behavior, or consciousness.

11.6 Discuss the importance of a “parallel curriculum” for students with

what is parallel curriculum?

increasing independence by self-administering

Explain why the continuum of educational services and

The education of students with health

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