MODULE 2

 Terminologies, Agency, involved in Traffic and

Pillars of Traffic

INTRODUCTION
Traffic management is the Organization, arrangement, guidance and control of
both stationary and moving traffic, including pedestrian and all types of motor
vehicle. It is essential that the law enforcers study the different terminologies,
agency and pillars of traffic so that they can understand and apply in the future
responsibilities. Including traffic jam, traffic congestion, bottleneck and traffic
volume.

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT – presupposes an understanding of the motivation

behind the behavior of motorists, commuters, and pedestrians. Any attempt to
redirect their behavior without understanding will not be able to effectively solve
the traffic problems.
MANAGEMENT – refers to the skillful use means to accomplish a purpose.
OPERATION – pertains to a course or series of act affect a certain purpose,
manner of action, or a vital or natural process of activity.
ROADWAY – refers to the part of traffic way which motor vehicles pass.
SHOULDER – refers to the either side of the roadway, along highway.
TRAFFIC – refers to the movement of persons, goods or vehicles, either powered
by combustion system or animal drawn from one place to another for the purpose
of travel.
TRAFFIC WAY – refers to the entire width within boundary lines of every way
or which any part is open to the use of the public for the purpose of vehicular
traffic as a matter of right or custom.
ACCIDENT
Any unexpected occurrence which results to unintended death, injury or damage to
property.
Example; go to your google and link to https://www.moneymax.ph.com

Some photographs of traffic accidents:

GRIDLOCK – clogged traffic situation which prevent vehicles from moving in

any direction.
CONGESTION – overcrowded situation

 The folowing are the major causes of traffic congestion:

 Physical Inadequacy - this is characterized by lock of roads, narrow

bridges, railroad crossing, lack of traffic facilities.

 Poor Control Measures – ineffective mechanical devices, inefficient traffic

officers, and implementation of traffic laws, rules and regulation
characterize this.

 Human Errors – many traffic congestions are caused by slow drivers or

poor driving habits, pedestrian mistakes, officer’s error, poor planning, poor
legislation and traffic accident which are mostly attributed to human errors.

 Poor Maintenance – unrepaired diggings, cracks on road pavement of

unfinished road pavement concereting.

TRAFFIC JAM - blocked up traffic due to congestion

BOTTLENECK – a narrow or congested way

Agencies involved in Traffic Management

1. DPWH - the main executive department which responsible for the planning,
construction and categorized as national highways and other major road
arteries.

2. Legislative - the legislative bodies are not only responsible for the passing or
amendment of laws concerning traffic but also, they are involved in the
planning and approval of government projects.

3. PNP - is responsible primarily for the direct enforcement of traffic rules and
regulations.
 4. Academic or Learning Institution – school, both public and private, are
responsible for the basic traffic education by integrating In their respective
programs and curriculum subjects or topics on traffic safety.

5. LTO - refers to the implementation of the Land Transportation Code of the

Philippines (RA 4136) particularly on the issuance of driver’s license ,
registration of moto vehicles, approval of franchises for public conveyances
( thru the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulator Board (LTFRB)
and conducting traffic safety seminars.

PILLARS OF TRAFFIC
1. Traffic Engineering
2. Traffic Education
3. Traffic Ecology or Environment
4. Traffic Economy

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
Refers to the effort of the government to study the basic laws of the country
relative to traffic laws and regulations.
Note; There are three function of traffic engineering. They survey and recommend
of traffic rules and regulations, they supervise and maintain the application of
traffic control devices, and planning of traffic regulations.

Functions :
a. Fact- finding, surveys and recommendations
b. Supervisions and maintenance to the application of traffic control devices,
c. Planning
  Road check objectives
The objectives of road check are to detect and inspect the following :
1. Faulty vehicle equipment
2. Registration and licensing of violations
3. Intoxicated drivers
4. The load or cargo of commercial transportation vehicle for load weight

 Considerations Taken when Conducting Road Checks

1. Minimum delay to motorist
2. Thorough checking procedure
3. Protection, safety of both motorist and police officers
4. Timing, location and frequency

 Agencies under Traffic Engineering

1. DPWH – national in scope
2. Provincial Governments – within the barangays
3. Chartered Cities – within the cities

TRAFFIC EDUCATION – the traffic pillar that has the role of information
dissemination to the public the knowledge on traffic safety

“schools, media, citizen support groups are one way to work information
dissemination”

TRAFFIC ECOLOGY or TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT – this is one of the

recent pillars which include the study of potentially disastrous population
explosion, changes in urban environment due to the scale and density of new urban
concentration and new activities carried out, air pollution, water pollution and
crowding.
 Environment effect covers the following :
1. Noise
 2. Vibration air pollution
3. Dirt
4. Visual intrusion
5. Loss of privacy
6. Change in amount of light
7. Neighborhood severance
8. Relocation
9. Distraction during planning and construction
10.Accident experiences
11.Pedestrian journey
12.Congestion

TRAFFIC ECONOMY – the most recent pillars of traffic which deals with the
benefit and adverse effect of traffic to our economy.

 Traffic Safety Education – it is the process of training roads users in the

avoidance and prevention of traffic- related accidents.

 Road Safety – refers to reduced risk of accident or injury on the roads,

achieve through multidisciplinary approaches involving road engineering
and traffic management, education and training of road users, and vehicle
design.

A. Factors contributing to accidents

1. Human errors include
a. Going too fast or excessive speed;
b. Failing to give at junctions
c. Following too closely
d. Overtaking improperly
e. Misperceiving or misjudging the road situation ahead;
f. Intoxication of alcohol or drug; and
g. Lack of skill
  Road deficiencies that are man contributory factors are:
a. Poor design of layout and control at junctions
b. Inadequate signing, road making and lighting
c. Slippery roads; and
d. Obstructions of the road such as parked vehicle on going road construction,
etc.

 Main vehicle factors are :

a. Defects in tires, brakes and lights
b. Absence or non- using of seat belts; and
c. Poorly maintained motor vehicles.

TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT – this field deals mostly on the implementation and

enforcement of traffic laws and regulations.
 Agencies/ offices that are involved in enforcement of traffic laws :
a) Land Transportation Office (LTO) this office is responsible for the
following :
1. Vehicle registration
2. Vehicle inspection
3. Drivers licensing (examination, suspension, and revocation)
4. Public to police on stolen or wanted vehicles
a. Legislative bodies
b. Police traffic enforcement
 1. The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA)for the national
capital region
a) Police auxillaries
b) LTO playing squads

3 Principles that have been emphasized as effective in the prevention of traffic

accidents are known as the 3 “E” or pillars of traffic

 Engineering (traffic engineering) - effective construction and maintenance

of traffic facilities that does not only expedite the movement of traffic but
also prevents the occurrence of traffic accidents. Successful treatments have
included :
a. Changes in layout at junctions to define priorities more clearly. ( use of
roundabouts , or traffic circles )
b. More wide use of road markings to delineate traffic lanes and waiting areas
for turning vehicles.
c. Improvement in skidding resistance of wet roads.
d. More uniform street lighting and
e. More highly visible and legible direction, information and warning signs

 Education (in traffic safety) -when road users are informed of the traffic
laws, rules and regulations, accidents are likely prevented.
 Further, there are strong suggestions and benefits from pre- school schemes
involving parents, and from road safety education in schools where it is an
integral part of the school curriculum, included are ;
a. New approach to training and educating young drivers
b. Training in hazards perception
c. Changing of attitudes

 Enforcement (of traffic rules) - one of the causes of the accidents is the
blatant non- compliance of motorists and pedestrians to traffic rules and
 regulations. To minimize the occurrence of accidents due to non-
compliance of road users, enforcement must be conducted.
 The following are highly recommended in are in traffic enforcement.
a. Strengthening and simplifying the application of the law
b. New technology to aid enforcement
c. Enhanced publicity
d. Education of teenagers in schools and
e. The development of rehabilitation course like seminars for apprehended
traffic violators
f. Ecology/ environment. People should be educated regarding the adverse
effect of traffic to our environment that directly or indirectly affects the
population health
g. Economy. People should learn also to develop schemes that does not only to
lessen expenses but also accident – free.

Driver’s Education. In general drivers instruction aims primarily to teach the

rudiment of driving
Secondary Aims are as follows :
1. To instill awareness of one’s legal and moral responsibilities.
2. To teach the abilities required for a driver’s license

Four basic types of instruction methods used in driver education programs.

1. Comprehensive. This method places the student into a real life of driving
situations from the beginning.
2. Traditional Instruction. This type of instruction depend on instructor –
student communication
3. Commentary driving method. The student- driver accompanied by an
instructor as the student- driver drivers. The instructor has to give a
commentary on his driving- what he sees. What he does, why he does, what
he proposes to do, what others are likely to do etc.
4. Simulated conditions on and off the road training – the premise of
simulated conditions training is that the behavior of the driver- subject
placed in condition will be relative analogous to normal behavior.
 Simulation is a static machine with all the important features of a car used in
driving methods of simulation presently adopted.

BIORHYTHM - it is the theory tat asserts that man exhibits a constant variation
of life energy and mood states. Man's theorized cycles and interpretations rhythm
is peculiar characteristics of most natural phenomena like :
 The diurnal exchange of light and darkness
 The four seasons
 Our wet and dry season
 The waxing and waning of the moon
Importance of the Biorhythm
 - to give us a hint how we will tend to feel in a certain day.
Safety Campaign. This is a mass publicity aimed at making road users behave
more safely. These basically focus on public information attitudes, and particular
or specific behaviors combination of these. It is also known as road propaganda
which may be intended to in for or it may be felt that the public is already aware of
the recommended behavior need to persuaded into adopting it.