Nutrient Analysis - Lab Report - Biochem

BIOCHEM: LR11 – Nutrient Analysis
 Introduction
Hunger is often the bodies way of telling us that we need nutrients. In this activity, we will learn
an experiment to determine the presence of certain nutrients. Nutrients are sources of nourishments
needed by organisms to carry on metabolic processes, such as growth, reproduction, and cellular
repair. The food we eat contains three types of nutrients; Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Lipids which
are vital to our growth and development. It is important to have a balance of nutrients in our diet.
We cannot always look at a food source and tell what nutrients it contains however, there are certain
tests that we cam perform to determine what nutrient are present in our food.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates is an organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Glucose is a
simple carbohydrate found naturally in honey and many fruits. To detect glucose in a solution, we
use a chemical indicator called Benedict’s Solution. A chemical indicator is any chemical substance
that indicates the presence of another substance by changing color. If glucose is present in a
solution, Benedict’s solution will turn the solution red. This will be a positive reaction.
Starch
Starch is a complex carbohydrate. Starch is found in bread, pasta, corn, peas, beans, potatoes, and
cereal grains such as rice, wheat, and oats. To detect starch in a solution, we use a chemical indicator
called Potassium triiodide solution. If start is present in a solution, a positive reaction between
potassium triiodide solution and starch will occur and the solution that we are testing will turn
black.
Proteins
Proteins are nutrients consisting of large organic molecule that are essential for life. Proteins
provide structural support for cells, regulate metabolic processes, and transport nutrients and other
substances throughout the body. It is mainly found in eggs, cheese, meat, peanut butter, and
almonds. To detect proteins in a solution, we need a chemical indicator which is called Biuret
reagent. If proteins are present in a solution, then a positive reaction between Biuret reagent and
protein will occur and the solution we are testing will turn dark purple.
Lipids
Lipids, such as fats, waxes, and oils, are organic compounds that have a greasy feel and usually do
not dissolve in water. Lipids are found in such foods as milk, cheese, butter, vegetable oil,
shortening, red meat, and nuts. To detect Lipids in a solution, we use a chemical indicator called
Sudan IV. Sudan I V is a red dye that turns any solution red but if Lipids are present in a solution,
a positive reaction between Sudan I V and lipids will turn the solution to have a dark red upper layer
since lipids are denser than water, it will try to separate hence creating a layer.
 Materials
Solutions: Equipment:
- 4 unknown solutions - Test tubes and test tube rack
- Benedict’s solution - Pipette
- Potassium triiodide solution - Water bath
- Biuret reagent
- Sudan I V
 Methods
Carbohydrates
Step 1: Add 10 drops of Benedict’s solution to a sample of each unknown solution.
Step 2: Swirl the test tubes for a few seconds for mixing.
Step 3: To speed up the reaction of glucose with Benedict’s solution, we need to place the test tubes
in a water bath that has a temperature of 160 degrees F/ 71 degrees C for 10 minutes.
Step 4: Remove the test tubes and observe the changes.
Starch
Step 1: Add 4 drops of Potassium triiodide solution to a sample of each solution.
Step 2: Swirl each test tubes for a few seconds mixing.
Step 3: Observe for any changes. (The reaction should take about 30 seconds)
Proteins
Step 1: Add 20 drops of Biuret reagent to a sample of each of the unknown solutions.
Step 2: Swirl each test tubes for a few seconds for mixing.
Step 3: Observe for any changes in the solutions.
Lipids
Step 1: Add 20 drops of Sudan I V to a sample of each of the unknown solutions.
Step 2: Shake the test tubes vigorously for a few seconds for mixing.
Step 3: Wait for about approximately 5 minutes then observe.
 Data and Analysis
GLUCOSE STARCH PROTEINS LIPIDS

Unknown solution Positive. The Negative. The Negative. No Negative. No
1 (U1) solution has turned solution had change of color layers have
red. This indicates changed color has been observed, formed and the
that Glucose is from clear to meaning that there color of the
present in the yellow, but not are no signs of solution is purple
solution since it black. This proteins detected therefore, we can
has a reaction with indicates that there in the solution. assume that there
Benedict’s is no presence of are no lipids in the
solution. starch in the solution.
solution.
Unknown solution Negative. The Negative. A color Positive. The Negative. The
2 (U2) solution’s color of yellow have solution has solution didn’t
remains the same, been observed changed color to meet any
indicating that which means there Dark blue, requirements
there is no Glucose is no starch in this indicating that when it comes to
in this solution. solution. there is a presence color and layering
of protein in the that will indicate
solution. the presence of
lipids.
Unknown solution Negative. There is Positive. The Positive. A change Negative. A color
3 (U3) no change solution has turned of color has been of purple has been
observed in the black therefore, observed in the observed which
solution meaning starch is present. solution which is means there is no
that there is no dark blue. This lipids in the
presence of means that signs of solution.
Glucose in this proteins have been
solution. detected.
Unknown solution Negative. The Negative. The Negative. The Positive. A darker
4 (U4) color stays the results showed color of the red layer has been
same, inferring that the solution solution remains observed to the
that no signs of has turned into a the same solution,
Glucose can be golden yellow indicating that indicating the
found in the color but it’s not there is no presence of Lipids
solution. the required color presence of in the solution.
that indicates signs proteins in the
of starch in the solution.
solution.
 Conclusion
In conclusion, we had a brief explanation and exploration about different nutrients that our body
needs namely Glucose, Starch, Proteins, and Lipids. For these experiments, we have used four (4)
unknown solutions and all in all, we have done all 4 tests, following all the proper and necessary
procedures with given precaution. Aside from those, in order to completely perform these tests, we
must have all the needed materials When it comes to the results from these tests, we now know that
unknown solution 1 contains Glucose; Unknown solution 2 contains proteins; Unknown solution 3
contains starch and proteins; and unknown solution 4 contains lipids. Now we know how chemical
indicators work to identify nutrients.
 Reference/s
Aceconnect. (January 9, 2020). Biology Lab || Nutrient Analysis. A. C. E. School of Tomorrow.
Youtube. youtube.com. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-elxW6bxUU

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BIOCHEM: LR11 – Nutrient Analysis

 Data and Analysis

GLUCOSE STARCH PROTEINS LIPIDS

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