DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, DURGAPUR

SESSION: 2022-23
ASSIGNMENT-18

SUB: Chemistry CLASS: 12

SOLUTION

Q1. a) Will the elevation in boiling point be same if 0.1 mol of Sodium chloride or 0.1 mol of
sugar is dissolved in 1L of water? Explain.
b) Write the colligative property which is used to find the molecular mass of
macromolecules.
c) Write the colligative property which is used to find the molecular mass of
macromolecules.
d) Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place
blood cells in a solution containing
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution?
(ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?
e) What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic
pressure of a solution?
f) Elevation of the boiling point of 1M KCl solution is nearly double than that of 1M
sugar solution.
Q2. a) Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics.
b) A solution of chloroform and acetone is an example of maximum boiling azeotrope.
Why?
c) What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law? Give an example. What is the
sign of ∆mixH for positive deviation?
d) Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water than in warm water. Why?
Q3. a) Define ebullioscopic constant. Write the unit of it.
Q4. a) 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point
of 1.62 K. Calculate the Van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute (associated
or dissociated). (Given: Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol-1, Kf for benzene =
4.9 K kg mol-1).
b) Calculate the boiling point of a 1M aqueous solution (density 1.04 g mL -1) of
Potassium chloride (Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol-1, Atomic masses: K=39u,
Cl=39.9u) Assume, Potassium chloride is completely dissociated in solution.
c) At 300 K, 36 g of glucose, C6H12O6 present per litre in its solution has an osmotic
pressure of 4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of another glucose solution is 1.52 bar at
the same temperature, calculate the concentration of the other solution.
CHEMICAL KINETICS

Q1. The activation energy of a reaction can be determined from the slope of which of the
following graphs ?
a) lnk Vs 1 /T
b) T/lnk Vs 1/T
c) nk Vs T
d) lnk /T Vs T

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Q2. If 75% of the first order reaction was completed in 32 minutes, 50% of the same reaction
would be completed in :
a) 8 min
b) 4 min
c) 16 min
d) 24 min

Q3. The rate constant of reaction is 2.0 x 10-6 mol-2 L2s-1. The order of the reaction is:
a) 0
b) 2
c) 1
d) 3
Q4. Write the rate law for a first order reaction. Justify the statement that half life for a
first order reaction is independent of the initial concentration of the reactant.

Q5. For a first order reaction, show that the time required for 99% completion of a
first order reaction is twice the time required for the completion of 90%.

Q6. For the reaction A→B, the rate of reaction becomes twenty seven times when the
concentration of A is increased three times. What is the order of the reaction?

Q7. The rate constant for the first-order decomposition of H2O2 is given by the following
equation:

Calculate Ea for this reaction and rate constant K if its half-life period is 200 minutes.
(Given: R = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1)
Q8. For a reaction the rate law expression is represented as follows:
Rate = k [A][B]1/2
i) Interpret whether the reaction is elementary or complex. Give reason to support your
answer.
ii) Write the units of rate constant for this reaction if concentration of A and B is
expressed in moles/L.
Q9. (a) What is the order of the reaction whose rate constant has same units as the rate of
reaction?
(b) For a reaction A + H2O → B; Rate ∝ [A], What is the order of this reaction?
(c) A reaction is second order in A and first order in B.
How is the rate of reaction affected on increasing the concentration of A three times
and concentration of B two times?
(d) If the rate constant of a reaction is k = 3 × 10-4 s-1, then identify the order of the
reaction.
(e) For a reaction R → P, half-life (t1/2) is observed to be independent of the initial
concentration of reactants. What is the order of reaction?
(f) A first-order reaction takes 69.3 min for 50% completion. What is the time needed for
80% of the reaction to get completed? (Given: log 5 =0.6990, log 8 = 0.9030, log 2 =
0.3010).
Q10. (a) Write two differences between ‘order of reaction’ and ‘molecularity of reaction’.
(b) What do you mean by Pseudo unimolecular reaction? Explain with example.
(c) What is the unit of frequency factor for a first order reaction?

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 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

(a) State Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions.

(b)Write down the relation between electrochemical equivalent and chemical equivalent.
From the given cells:
Lead storage cell, Mercury cell, Fuel cell and Dry cell
Answer the following:
i) Which cell is used in hearing aids?
ii) Which cell was used in the Apollo Space Programme?
iii) Which cell is used in automobiles and inverters?
iv) Which cell does not have a long life?

Calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K :

Cr(s) / Cr3+ (0.1M) // Fe2+ (0.01M) / Fe(s)
Given : ECell = + 0.30 V
State the relationship amongst cell constant of a cell, resistance of the
solution in the cell and conductivity of the solution. How is molar
conductivity of a solution related to conductivity of its solution?

State Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. How much charge in terms of

Faraday is required for reduction of 1 mol of Cr2O72- to Cr 3+ ?

(a) At infinite dilution the molar conductance of HCl, NaCl and CH 3COONa are 426.2,
126.5 and 91 Scm2mol-1 respectively. Calculate the molar conductance at infinite
dilution of CH3COOH.
(b) The standard electrode potential (E°) for Daniel cell is +1.1 V. Calculate the ΔG° for
the reaction: Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s).
(1 F = 96500 C mol-1).

(a) State Faraday’s first law of electrolysis. How much charge in terms of Faraday is
required for the reduction of 1 mol of Cu2+ to Cu.
(b) Calculate emf of the following cell at 298 K:
Mg(s) | Mg2+ (0.1M) | | Cu2+ (0.01 M) | Cu(s)
[Given E0cell = +2.71 V, 1F = 96500 C mol-1]

d & f-BLOCK ELEMENTS

Q1. Name the following:
(a) A transition metal which does not exhibit variation in oxidation state in its compounds.
(b) A compound where the transition metal is in the +7 oxidation state.
(c) A member of the lanthanoid series which is well known to exhibit +4 oxidation state.
Q2. What are the transition elements? Write two characteristics of the transition elements.
Q3. Account for the followings:
(a) Mn2+ is more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation to +3 state.
(b) The enthalpy of atomization is lowest for Zn in 3d series of the transition elements. /
Zinc is a comparatively a soft metal, iron and chromium are typically hard.
(c) Actinoid elements show a wide range of oxidation states.
(d) Why do transition elements show variable oxidation states?

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 (e) Write the formula of an oxo-anion of Manganese (Mn) in which it shows the oxidation
state equal to its group number.
(f) Why transition elements and their compounds are generally found to be good catalysts
in chemical reactions?
(g) Zirconium (Z= 40) and Hafnium (Z = 72) have almost similar atomic
radii.
(h) Ti (IV) is more stable than the Ti (II) or Ti (III).
(i) Sc3+ is colourless in aqueous solution whereas Ti3+ is coloured.
(k) It has been observed that first ionization energy of 5 d series of transition elements are
higher than that of 3d and 4d series.

Q4. a) Arrange Ti3+, Cr3+, Ni3+, Cu+1 in the increasing order of their magnetic moments.
b) Which one of the following would feel attraction when placed in magnetic field: Co 2+ ,
Ag+ ,Ti4+ , Zn2+
c) The electronic configuration of a transition element in +3 oxidation state is
[Ar]3d7. Find out its atomic number.
Q5. The magnetic moments of few transition metal ions are given below:
Metal ion Magnetic moment (BM)
Sc3+ 0.00
Cr2+ 4.90
Ni2+ 2.84
Ti3+ 1.73
(at no. Sc = 21, Ti =22, Cr = 24, Ni = 28)
Which of the given metal ions :
(i) has the maximum number of unpaired electrons?
(ii) forms colourless aqueous solution?
(iii) exhibits the most stable +3 oxidation state?

HALOALKANE & HALOARENES

Q1. Amongst the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that on
photochemical chlorination yields a single monochloride.
Q2. (a) Which alkyl halide from the following pair is (i) chiral and (ii) which undergoes faster
SN2 reaction?

(b) Out of SN1 and SN2, which reaction occurs with

(i) Inversion of configuration
(ii) Racemisation

Q3. Which one of the following compounds will undergo hydrolysis at a faster rate
by SN1 mechanism? Justify

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Q4. The following haloalkanes are hydrolysed in presence of aq KOH.
(i) 2- Chlorobutane (ii) 2-chloro-2-methylpropane
Which of the above is most likely to give a racemic mixture? Justify your answer.
Q5. Allyl cholride can be distinguished from Vinyl chloride by NaOH and silver
nitrate test. Comment.

Q6. Give the IUPAC name of the product formed when:

(a) 2-Methyl-1-bromopropane is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether.
(b) 1- Methyl cyclohexene is treated with HI.
(c) Chloroethane is treated with silver nitrite.

Q7. (a) Predict the order of reactivity of the following compounds in S N1 reaction :
C6H5CH2Br, C6H5C(CH3) (C6H5)Br, C6H5CH(C6H5)Br, C6H5CH(CH3)Br.
(b) Why are haloalkanes more reactive towards nucleophilic substitution
reactions than haloarenes and vinylic halides?
Q8. (a) Draw the structure of major product formed in the following reaction :

Q9. Give reasons:

(a) n-Butyl bromide has a higher boiling point than t-butyl bromide.
(b) A racemic mixture is optically inactive.
(c) p-dichlorobenzene has higher melting point than those of o and m –isomers.
(d) Haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophillic substitution
reaction.
(e) The treatment of alkyl chloride with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohol
but in the presence of alcoholic KOH, alkene is the major product
(f) 30 alkyl halides does not participate in SN2 reaction.
(g) Out of the Chloromethane and Fluoromethane, which one is has higher dipole
moment.
(h) (±)-Butan-2-ol is optically inactive.
(i) The C–Cl bond length in chlorobenzene is shorter than that in CH 3–Cl.
(j) Chloroform is stored in closed dark brown bottles.
(k) Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water.
(l) Grignard’s reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions.
(m) n-Butyl bromide has a higher boiling point than i-butyl bromide.
(n) Although chlorine is an electron-withdrawing group, yet it is ortho-, para- directing in
electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
(o) Ethers have low boiling points.
(p) Benzyl chloride is highly reactive towards the S N1 reaction.
(q) 2-bromobutane is optically active but 1-bromobutane is optically inactive.
(r) Electrophilic reactions in haloarenes occur slowly.

Q10. a) Write the structure of the product when chlorobenzene is treated with methyl chloride
in the presence of sodium metal and dry ether.
b) Write the structure of the alkene formed by dehydrohalogenation of 1-Bromo-1
methylcyclohexane with alcoholic KOH.

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 ALCOHOL, PHENOL & ETHER
Q1. Predict the major product of acid catalysed dehydration of 1-Methylcyclohexanol.
Q2. You are given benzene, conc. H2SO4, NaOH and dil. HCl. Write the preparation of
phenol using these reagents.
Q3. Draw the structures of any two isomeric alcohols (other than 1 o alcohols) having
molecular formula C5H12O and give their IUPAC names.
Q4. The following is not an appropriate reaction for the preparation of tert.-butyl ethyl
ether:

a) What would be the major product of the given reaction?

b) Write a suitable reaction for the preparation of tert.-butyl ethyl ether,
specifying the names of reagents used. Justify your answer in both cases.
Q5. Write the main product(s) in each of the following reactions:
a) Phenol is oxidized by Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4.
b) Sodium tert-butoxide reacts with ethyl iodide.
c) Phenol is treated with Zn dust.
d) Ethyl bromide reacts with NaI in presence of acetone.
e) Salicylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride in the presence of conc.
H2SO4.
f) Phenol is treated with chloroform in the presence of NaOH.
Q6. Identify the product formed when propan-1-ol is treated with Conc. H2SO4 at 413 K .
Write the mechanism involved for the above reaction.
Q8. Chemically distinguish the following pairs:
a) Ethanol and Methanol.
b) Phenol and Ethanol.
c) Dimethyl ether and ethanol.
Q9. Explain the following behaviours:
a) Alcohols are more soluble in water than the hydrocarbons of comparable molecular
masses.
b) Ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol.
c) Cumene is a better starting material for the preparation of phenol.
d) Boiling point of ethanol is higher than that of ethoxymethane?
e) Out of butan-1-ol and butan-1-amine, which will be more soluble in water?

Q10. How would you obtain:

(a) Picric acid (2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenol) from phenol.
(b) 2-Methylpropene from 2-methyl propanol.
© Phenol from cummene.
Q11. Write the main product(s) in each of the following reactions:

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Q12. Carry out the following conversions :
i) Phenol to benzoquinone.
ii) Propanone to 2-Methylpropan-2-ol.
iii) Propene to propan-2-ol.

Q13. Explain with reaction:

i) Reimer-Tieman reaction.
ii) Friedel Craft’s acetylation of anisole.
AMINES
Q1. Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:

Q2. (a) Write the structures of main products when aniline reacts with the following reagents:
(i) Br2 water and
(ii) (CH3CO)2O/pyridine.
Q3. Write the structures of A and B in the following:

Q4. Write a chemical test to distinguish between aniline and methylamine.

Q5. Arrange the following in increasing order of basic strength
Aniline, p-Nitroaniline and p-Toluidine.
Q6. What happens when reactions:
i) N-ethylethanamine reacts with benzenesulphonyl chloride.
ii)Benzylchloride is treated with ammonia followed by the reaction with Chloromethane.
iii) Aniline reacts with chloroform in the presence of alcoholic potassium hydroxide.
Q7. Complete the following:

Q8. An alkyl amide R-CO-NH2 is converted to an amine in the following ways:

i) by reduction with LiAlH4
ii) by treating with bromine in alcoholic NaOH
(a) Classify the type of amine produced in the methods above as primary, secondary or
tertiary.

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 (b) State one major difference in the amine products produced in the two methods above.

Q9. Give reasons for the following observations:

i) Aniline is acetylated before nitration reaction.
ii) pKb of aniline is lower than the m-nitroaniline.
iii) Primary amine on treatment with benzenesulphonyl chloride forms a product which is
soluble in NaOH however secondary amine gives product which is insoluble in NaOH.
iv) Aniline does not react with methyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous
AlCl3 catalyst.
v) (CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution.
vi) Aromatic diazonium salts are more stable than aliphatic diazonium salts.
Q10. i) Arrange the following compounds in an increasing order of their solubility in water :
(C2H5)3N, (C2H5)2NH, C2H5NH2.
ii) How would you convert: (i) Aniline to nitrobenzene and (ii) Aniline to iodobenzene.
Q11. Write the structure of A, B and C in the following:

Q12. Write the reactions involved in the following:

i) Hofmann bromamide degradation reaction
ii) Diazotisation
iii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis

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