Sure Shot 6
Sure Shot 6
Sure Shot 6
CHEMISTRY
General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Question nos. 1 to 8 are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark
each.
3. Question nos. 9 to 18 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
4. Question nos. 19 to 27 are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks
each.
5. Question nos. 28 to 30 are long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
Q1: Solid A is a very hard electrical insulator in solid as well as in molten state
and melts at extremely high temperature. Name the type of solid.
Q3: Can activation energy for a chemical reaction be zero? Explain why?
Q4: It has been found that for a reaction a large number of colliding molecules
have energy more than threshold values, yet the reaction is slow. Why?
Q6: The para isomer of dichlorobenzene has higher melting point than ortho and
meta isomer. Why?
Q9: An element with molar mass 2.7 x 10-2 kg mol-1 forms a cubic unit cell with
edge length 405 pm. If the density is 2.7 x 103 kg m-3, what is the nature of the
cubic unit cell? ( Given NA = 6.022 x 1023 mol-1)
OR
Q10: Write the reactions taking place at anode and cathode in a dry cell.
(b) An electric
lectric current is passed through a colloidal sol.
Q12: State any two points of difference between physisorption and chemisorption.
Q13: Draw the structure of N2O5 .What is the oxidation state of nitrogen in N2O5 ?
(i) What would be the major product of this reaction? Give reason.
Q16: Name the test that you will use you to distinguish between 2-m
methylbutan2
ol and butanol. Name the chemical test and write the chemical reactions involved.
Q17: Complete the following reactions:
pyridine
(b) C6H5NH2 + (CH3CO)2 O
(a) Why are amines less acidic than alcohols of comparable molecular masses?
(b)Why do primary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary amines?
Q20: In a pseudo first order hydrolysis of ester in water, the following results were
obtained:
t (s) 0 30 60 90
(i) Calculate the average rate of reaction between the time intervals 30 to 60
seconds.
(ii)Calculate the pseudo first order rate constant for the hydrolysis of ester.
OR
Q20: Show that time required for 99% completion of a chemical reaction is twice
the time required for the completion of 90% reaction.
Q 21:
(c) How does sodium cyanide act as depressant in preventing ZnS from forming the
forth?
Q 22:
(a) Ammonia is a good complexing agent. Explain with an example.
Q 23: On the basis of valence bond theory, explain the formation of square
planar [Pt(CN)4]2- ion. Calculate the number of unpaired electrons present in the
square planar [Pt(CN)4]2- ion. (Atomic number of Pt =78)
(b)Benzene to biphenyl
(c)Bromomethane to propanone
Q26: Write the names and structures of the monomers of the following polymers:
(a) Buna-S
(b) Neoprene
Q27: Sushil and swetha are arguing about the effect of soaps and detergents on
environment. Sushil says soaps are better and swetha says that detergents are
better for environment.
(a) Calculate the vapour pressure of the solution prepared by mixing 25.5 g of
CHCl3 and 40 g of CH2Cl2 at 298 K
Q 29:
(c)Use Hunds rule to derive the electronic configuration of Ce3+ ion and calculate its
magnetic moment on the basis of spin-only formula.
(e) How would you account for increasing oxidizing power in the series?
OR
Q 29:
(b) Explain how the colour of K2Cr2O7 solution depends on pH of the solution?
(c)Though both Cr2+ and Mn3+ have d4 configuration, yet Cr2+ is reducing agent
while Mn3+ is good oxidising agent. Explain why?
(d) Calculate the magnetic moment of a divalent and a trivalent ion in aqueous
solution of an element if its atomic number is 25.
Q30: An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed with
dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of
(C) with chromic acid produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives but1ene. Deduce
the structures of A, B, C and D. Write equations for the reactions involved.
OR
Q30: Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagents or
products
(a)
(b)
2
H NCONHNH
2
C6H5CHO
(c)
dil. NaOH
C6H5CHO + CH3 CH2CHO
(d)
(e)
CLASS XII
CHEMISTRY
SOLUTIONS
Ans 2: The substances which are strongly attracted by the magnetic field and show
permanent magnetism even when the magnetic field is removed are known as
1
ferromagnetic substances. 2 mark
1
Example: Iron or any other example. 2 mark
1
Ans 3: Activation energy for a chemical reaction cannot be zero. mark In the
2
E
Arrhenius equation,
a
RT
k = Ae
If Ea, is zero then k = A
This means that every collision between molecules lead to the chemical reaction.
1
This is not true. Thus, Ea cannot be zero. 2 mark
Ans 4: This is because the colliding molecules may not have proper orientation at
the time of collision, which is also a necessary condition for an effective collision.
(1 mark)
Ans 5:NO2 contains odd number of valence electrons. It behaves as a typical odd
electron molecule and therefore undergoes dimerisation to form stable N2O4
molecule with even number of electrons. (1 mark)
Ans 6: The melting point of para isomer of dichlorobenzene is quite higher than that
of ortho or meta isomers. This is due to the fact that para dichlorobenzene has a
symmetrical structure and therefore, its molecules can easily pack closely in crystal
lattice. As a result, intermolecular forces
of attraction are stronger and therefore, greater energy is required to break its
lattice and, it melts at higher temperature. (1 mark)
Ans 9:
zM 1
Density, d = 3 2 mark
a NA
2 1
3 -3 z 2.7 10 kg mol 1
2.7 x 10 kg m = 12 3 23 1 2 mark
(405 10 m) (6.022 10 mol )
3 3 12 3 23 1
(2.7 10 kg m ) (405 10 m) (6.022 10 mol )
z= 2 1
2.7 10 kg mol
1
=4 2 mark
Since the unit cell contains 4 atoms, it is cubic close packed structure, ccp.
1
2 mark
Ans 10:
At anode: Since silver electrode is attacked by NO3 ions, Ag anode will dissolve to
1
form Ag+ ions in the solution. 2 mark
+ 1
Ag(s)
Ag (aq) + e 2 mark
OR
Ans 10:
At anode: Zn(s) Zn2+ + 2e (1 mark)
At cathode: MnO2 + NH4++ e- MnO(OH) + NH3 (1 mark)
Ans 11:
(i) When NaCl is added to hydrated ferric oxide sol, positively charged colloidal
particles of Fe(OH)3 get coagulated by oppositely charged Cl- ions provided by NaCl.
(1mark )
(ii) On passing electric current, colloidal particles move towards the oppositely
charged electrode where they lose their charge and get coagulated. This is
electrophoresis process. (1mark )
Ans12: Difference between Physisorption & Chemisorption
Physisorption Chemisorption
The forces between the adsorbate The forces between the adsorbate
molecules and the adsorbent are molecules and the adsorbent are
weak van der Waals forces. 1
strong chemical bonds. 2 mark
1
2 mark
It results into multimolecular layers It results into unimolecular layer.
on adsorbent surface under
1 1
pressure. 2 mark 2 mark
(1mark )
The oxidation state of nitrogen in N2O5 is +5. (1mark )
Ans 14:
Due to small size and high electronegativity, oxygen atom forms p-p double
bond, O = O. The intermolecular forces in dioxygen are weak van der Waals forces
and therefore, dioxygen exists as a gas. (1mark )
On the other hand, sulphur does not form stable p-p bond and does not exists as
S2. In sulphur molecule, 8 S atoms are linked by single bonds to form polyatomic
molecule and hence have stronger van der Waals forces as compared to that
present in oxygen. Therefore sulphur exists as a solid.
(1mark )
Ans 15:
1
(a)Major product of the reaction is 2-methylprop-1-ene. 2 mark
(1 mark)
Ans 16:
1
(a) Lucas reagent testt 2 mark
ZnCl2
Lucas reagent is conc. HClZnCl
1
2 mark
CH3 CH3
| |
conc.HCl
CH3 C CH2 CH3 CH3 C CH2 CH3
| ZnCl2 |
1
OH Cl 2 mark
2 Chloro 2 methylbu tan e
Ans17:
(a)
(1mark )
(b)
(1mark )
Ans 18:
(a) Loss of proton from amines gives amide ion whereas loss of a proton from
alcohol gives an alkoxide ion.
+
RNH2
RNH + H
A min e A mi de ion
+
ROH
RO + H
Alcohol Alkoxide ion
(b) Primary amines have two hydrogen atoms on N atom and therefore form
intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Tertiary amines do not have hydrogen atoms on N atom and therefore tertiary
amine does not form hydrogen bonds. Due to the presence of hydrogen bonding in
primary amines, they have higher boiling point than tertiary amines.
(1 mark )
Ans 19:
Cell representation:
2+ +
Mg(s) |Mg (0.130 M) || Ag (0.0001M) | Ag(s) (1mark )
At anode: Oxidation reaction takes place:
2+
Mg(s)
Mg (aq) + 2 e (1mark)
Ans 20:
(i)
c c 1
rav = 2 1
2 mark
t t
2 1
0.17 0.31
=
60 30
3 1 1 1
= 4.67 10 molL s 2 mark
(ii)
2.303 [A]0 1
k = log 2 mark
t [A]
At t = 30 s
2.303 0.55
k = log
t 0.31
2.303
= 0.249
30
2 1
= 1.91 10 s
At t = 60 s
2.303 0.55
k = log
60 0.17
2.303
= 0.5099
60
2 1 1
= 1.96 10 s 2 mark
At t = 90 s
2.303 0.55
k = log
90 0.085
2.303
= 0.8109
90
2 1 1
= 2.07 10 s 2 mark
2 1 1
Average value of k = 1.98 10 s 2 mark
OR
Ans 20:
For a first order reaction
2.303 [A]0 1
t= log 2 mark
k [A]
Let initial concentration = a
For 99% completion of reaction,
2.303 a 1
t(99%) = log 2 mark
k 0.01a
2.303
= log 100
k
2.303 2 1
= (i) 2 mark
k
For 90% completion of reaction,
2.303 a 1
t(90%) = log 2 mark
k 0.1a
2.303 1
= 1 (ii) 2 mark
k
Dividing equation (i) by (ii)
1
t (99%) = 2 2 mark
(90%)
or t(99%) = 2 t(90%)
Ans 21:
Mineral Ore
Minerals are naturally occurring The minerals from which a
chemical substances in the earths metal can be economically and
1 conveniently extracted is ore.
crust obtained by mining. 2 mark
1
2 mark
(c) Sodium cyanide combines with ZnS to form a complex Na2[Zn(CN)4] on the
surface of ZnS and hence prevents it from forming the froth.
Ans 22:
(a) Ammonia is a good complexing agent because of the presence of lone pair of
electrons on nitrogen. This lone pair can be easily donated to electron deficient
1
compounds forming complexes. 2 mark
For example, it reacts with Cu2+ ion to form a deep blue complex.
2+ 2+ 1
Cu (aq) + 4NH3 (aq)
[Cu(NH3 )4 ] 2 mark
Complex (deep blue)
(b) In the gaseous state, SO3 has planar triangular structure with oxygen sulphur
oxygen bond angles of 120 each. Therefore, individual S=O dipole moments cancel
each other and resultant dipole moment is zero.
(1 mark )
(c) Noble gases are mono-atomic gases and are held together by weak van der
Waals forces (or dispersion forces). Therefore, they are liquefied at very low
temperature. Hence they have low boiling points. (1 mark )
Ans 23:
1
[Xe]4f14 5d9 6s1 2 mark
1
2 mark
1
Outer electronic configuration of Pt2+ : 5d8 2 mark
1
2 mark
1
2 mark
1
Hence, there are no unpaired electrons in [Pt(CN)4]2-. 2 mark
Ans 24:
O
ll
+
alc.KCN CH MgBr H /H O
CH3Br 3
CH3CN CH3 C = NMgBr 2 CH3 C CH3
Ether NH3 , Mg(OH)Br
|
CH3
Bromomethane Pr opanone
(1mark )
Ans 25:
(a) Peptide linkage: Linkage formed due to condensation reaction between carboxyl
group of one amino acid and amino group of another amino acid with elimination of
water molecule is called peptide linkage.
O
The resulting || linkage is called peptide linkage. (1 mark )
C NH
1
1, 3-Butadiene mark
2
&
1
Styrene mark
2
Neoprene 1
CH2=C-CH=CH2 2 mark
|
Cl
2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene/Chloroprene
1
2 mark
And 27:
Soaps Detergents
(b) Soaps are biodegradable. Therefore they do no cause any pollution problem
1
are safe for environment. 2 mark
Some of the detergents are not biodegradable. Therefore they cause pollution.
1
2 mark
Ans 28:
(a)
1
Molar mass of CH2 Cl2 = 12 x 1 + 1 x 2 +35.5 x 2 = 85 g mol
1
Molar Mass of CHCl3 = 12 x 1 + 1 x 1 +35.5 x 3 = 119.5 g mol
40 1
Moles of CH2 Cl2 = 1
= 0.47 mol mark
85 g mol 2
25.5 g 1
Moles of CHCl3 = 1
= 0.213 mol mark
119.5 g mol 2
0.47 mol 1
CH2Cl2 = = 0.688 2 mark
0.683mol
1
CHCl3 = 1.00 0.688 = 0.312 2 mark
ptotal = CHCl poCHCl + CH o
pCH2Cl2
3 3 2Cl2
= (1 CH )poCHCl + CH o
pCH2Cl2
2Cl2 3 2Cl2
= poCHCl + (pCH
o
2Cl2
o
pCHCl3
) CH (Eq 1)
3 2Cl2
1
Ptotal = poCHCl + (pCH
o
2Cl2
o
pCHCl3
) CH 2 mark
3 2Cl2
= 200 + (415 200) x 0.688
= 200 + 147.9
1
= 347.9 mmHg 2 mark
(b) Mole fraction of a component in vapour phase can be obtained by using the
relation yi = pi / ptotal
1
pCH = 0.688 x 415mmHg = 285.5mmHg 2 mark
2Cl2
1
pCHCl = 0.312 x 200 mm Hg = 62.4 mmHg 2 mark
3
1
yCH = 285.5mm Hg / 347.9 mm Hg = 0.82 mark
2Cl2
2
1
yCHCl = 62.4mm Hg / 347.9 mm Hg = 0.18 2 mark
3
OR
Ans 28:
10
Moles of CH3CH2CHClCOOH =
122.5
2 1
= 8.16 10 mol mark
2
Conc.
1
after c(1 ) c c mark
2
dissociation
Now
c .c
Ka =
c (1 )
Since, <<< 1
2 1
Ka = c 2 mark
or = Ka / c
3
1.4 10
=
0.3265
= 0.065
Calculatation of van' t Hoff factor (i)
+
CH3CH2CHClCOOH
CH CH CHClCOO
3 2
+ H
At equilibrium 1-
1 + + 1
i= mark
1 2
1+
=
1
= 1 + 0.065 Ans 29:
1
= 1.065 mark
2
1
Tf = iK f m mark
2
= 1.065 1.86 0.3265
1
= 0.647K mark
2
(a) The high enthalpies of atomization of transition elements are due to large
number of unpaired electrons in their atoms. Therefore they have stronger inter-
atomic interactions and hence, stronger bonding between atoms. Thus, they have
high enthalpies of atomization. (1 mark )
(b) Transition elements are defined as the elements which have incompletely filled
d orbitals in its ground state or any one of its oxidation states. Cu2+ has partially
filled dorbitals (d9) and thus copper is regarded as transition metal.
(1 mark )
(c)Ce(Z = 58): [Xe]54 4f1 5d1 6s2
1
Ce3+ :4f1 2 mark
Magnetic moment,
= n(n + 2)
= 1(1 + 2)
= 3
1
= 1.73 BM 2 mark
(d) Due to lanthanoid contraction, Hf and Zr have almost similar atomic size and
therefore, their properties are similar. (1 mark )
(e) Increasing oxidizing power in the series is due to increasing stability of lower
species to which they are reduced. (1 mark )
OR
Ans 29:
(a) La(OH)3 is more basic than Lu(OH)3. Due to lanthanoid contraction the size of
lanthanoid ions decreases regularly with increase in atomic number. As a result of
decrease in size, the covalent character between lanthanoid ion and OH ions
increase from La3+ to Lu3+. Therefore, the basic character of hydroxides decreases
from La(OH)3 to Lu(OH)3. (1 mark )
(b)In the solution, the following equilibrium exists dichromate and chromate ion:
2
2 CrO2 + H O 1
Cr2O7 + 2 OH 4 2 2 mark
In acidic medium, (pH < 7), it exists as Cr2O72- ions and hence has orange colour.
In basic medium (pH > 7), it exists as CrO42- ions and therefore has yellow colour.
1
2 mark
(d)
= n(n + 2)
= 5(5 + 2)
= 5.92 BM (1 mark )
Outer electronic configuration of trivalent ion: 3d4
= 4(4 + 2)
= 4.90 BM (1 mark )
Ans30:
Since the given compound on hydrolysis with dil. H2SO4 gives carboxylic acid (B) and
1
an alcohol (C), it must be an ester. mark
2
Also, the oxidation of alcohol C with chromic acid gives carboxylic acid B. So both the
carboxylic acid and alcohol contains the same number of carbon atoms.
1
mark
2
Alcohol C on dehydration gives but-1-ene. So, the carboxylic acid B and alcohol C both
1
contain 4 carbon atoms. mark
2
Alcohol C on dehydration gives but-1-ene and therefore, C must be a straight chain
1
alcohol, i.e., butan-1-ol. mark
2
3 2 4 CrO / H SO
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2COOH (1mark)
Oxidation
B C
Dehydration
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
CH3CH2CH = CH2 (1mark)
B But 1 ene
OR
Ans 30:
(a)
(1 mark)
(b)
H NCONHNH
2 2
C6H5CHO C6H5CH = NNHCONH2
Benzaldehyde semicarbazone (1 mark)
(c)
CH3 CH3
| |
dil. NaOH
C6H5CHO + H2C CHO C6H5CH = C CHO
2 Methyl 3 phenylprop 2 enal
(1mark)
(d)
(1 mark)
(e)
(1 mark)