Cambridge Lower Secondary

E
Mathematics
PL WORKBOOK 9
Lynn Byrd, Greg Byrd & Chris Pearce
M
SA

Second edition

Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 Cambridge Lower Secondary

E
Mathematics
PL WORKBOOK 9
Greg Byrd, Lynn Byrd & Chris Pearce
M
SA

Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
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© Cambridge University Press 2021

First published 2014

Second edition 2021 PL
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 Contents

Contents
How to use this book 5 6 Statistical investigations
Acknowledgements 6
6.1 Data collection and sampling 77
1 Number and calculation 6.2 Bias78

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1.1 Irrational numbers 7
7 Shapes and
1.2 Standard form 9
measurements
1.3 Indices11
7.1 Circumference and area of a circle 81
2 Expressions and formulae 7.2 Areas of compound shapes 86

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Constructing expressions
Expressions and indices
Expanding the product of
two linear expressions PL
Substituting into expressions

2.5 Simplifying algebraic fractions

2.6 Deriving and using formulae

3 Decimals, percentages
13
16
23

26
29
33
7.3 Large and small units

8 Fractions
8.1 Fractions and recurring decimals
8.2 Fractions and the correct order
of operations
8.3 Multiplying fractions
8.4 Dividing fractions
8.5 Making calculations easier
100
103
107
111
92

97
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and rounding
9 Sequences and functions
3.1  ultiplying and dividing by powers of 10
M 37
3.2 Multiplying and dividing decimals 41 9.1 Generating sequences 114
3.3 Understanding compound percentages 45 9.2 Using the nth term 118
3.4 Understanding upper and lower bounds 50 9.3 Representing functions 122
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4 Equations and inequalities 10 Graphs

4.1 Constructing and solving equations 55 10.1 Functions127
4.2 Simultaneous equations 59 10.2 Plotting graphs 129
4.3 Inequalities63 10.3 Gradient and intercept 131
10.4 Interpreting graphs 133
5 Angles
11 Ratio and proportion
5.1 Calculating angles 66
5.2 Interior angles of polygons 68 11.1 Using ratios 137
5.3 Exterior angles of polygons 71 11.2 Direct and inverse proportion 141
5.4 Constructions72
5.5 Pythagoras’ theorem 74

Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 13 Position and transformation
Contents

12 Probability
12.1 Mutually exclusive events 146
12.2 Independent events 148
12.3 Combined events 150
12.4 Chance experiments 153

13 Position and
transformation

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13.1 Bearings and scale drawings 156
13.2 Points on a line segment 160
13.3 Transformations164
13.4 Enlarging shapes 168

14 Volume, surface area

and symmetry
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14.1 Calculating the volume of prisms
14.2 Calculating the surface area of triangular
prisms, pyramids and cylinders
14.3 Symmetry in three-dimensional shapes

15 Interpreting and
174

178
181
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discussing results
15.1 Interpreting and drawing
frequency polygons 184
15.2 Scatter graphs 189
15.3 Back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagrams 194
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15.4 Calculating statistics for grouped data 199

15.5 Representing data 203

Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 How to use this book

How to use this book

This workbook provides questions for you to practise what you have learned in class. There is a
unit to match each unit in your Learner’s Book. Each exercise is divided into three parts:
• Focus: these questions help you to master the basics
• Practice: these questions help you to become more confident in using what you have learned
• Challenge: these questions will make you think very hard.

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You will also find these features:

Words you need to know.

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Step-by-step examples
showing how to solve Worked example
a problem.
FPO
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These questions help

you to practice thinking
and working like a
mathematician.

Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 13 Position and transformation

Acknowledgements
TBC

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PL
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SA

Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 1 Number and
calculation

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1.1 Irrational numbers
Exercise 1.1 Key words

Focus
1
PL
Copy this table. Tick (3) the correct boxes.
Number
36
48
Rational Irrational
irrational number
surd
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64
84
3
100
2 Look at these numbers:
12.77  −36   27    500   61  − 3 8
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12
a Write the irrational numbers.
b Write the integers.
3 Write whether each of these numbers is an integer or a surd.
a 25 b 3
25 c 125
d 3
125 e 225 f 3
225
4 Is each of these numbers rational or irrational? Give a reason for
each answer.
a 3+6 b 3+6 c 64 + 3 64 d 3
8 + 3 19

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 1 Number and calculation

Practice
5 a Find 1.52
b Show that 2.25 is a rational number.
c Is 20.25 a rational number? Give a reason for your answer.
d Is 3 1.331 a rational number? Give a reason for your answer.
6 Without using a calculator, show that
a 3< 3
41 < 4 b 9< 3
800 < 10 c 1.1 < 1.36 < 1.2

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7 Without using a calculator, find an irrational number between
a 2 and 3 b 6 and 7 c 1.4 and 1.5
8 Without using a calculator, estimate
a 140 to the nearest integer

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b 3

Arun says:

27
81
= 2.086 419 753 and
this does not have a
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350 to the nearest integer.

My calculator shows

repeating pattern, so 2 7
is irrational.
81
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a Is Arun correct? Give a reason for your answer.
b Do you think 2 7 is a rational number? Give a reason for
81
your answer.
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Challenge
10 a Use a calculator to show that 2 × 32 is a rational number.
b Find two irrational numbers with a product of
i 6 ii 9 iii 10
11 a Explain why 5 + 2 is an irrational number. Tips
b Find two irrational numbers with a sum of 5. Write 5 + 2 as
c Explain why it is impossible to find two rational numbers with a decimal.
a sum of 5.
d Is it possible to find two rational numbers with a product of 5?
Give a reason for your answer.

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 1.2 Standard form

12 This Venn diagram shows all the numbers from a number line. B
A is the set of integers. B is the set of rational numbers. A

Copy the diagram and put each of these numbers in the

correct place.
25  5.5  5 5    25    3 25
19
13 a If n = 20, find the value of
i n+2 ii n −2 iii ( n+2 )( n −2 )
b Sofia says:

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If n is an integer,
then ( n + 2)( n − 2) is

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also an integer.

Is Sofia correct? Give some evidence to support your answer.

1.2 Standard form

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Exercise 1.2 Key words
Focus standard form

1 Write these numbers in standard form.

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a 2 600 000 b 920 000 000 c 462 000 d 20 800 000

2 Write these numbers in standard form.
a 55 000 b 55 million c 640 million d 406 million
3 These numbers are in standard form. Write each number in full.
a 5.3 × 104 b 5.38 × 107 c 7.11 × 1011 d 1.331 × 108
4 A light year is the distance light travels in one year.
One light year is 9 460 000 000 000 km.
Write this distance in standard form.

Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 1 Number and calculation

Practice
5 Write these numbers in standard form.
a 0.000 03 b 0.000 000 666
c 0.000 050 5 d 0.000 000 000 48
6 These numbers are in standard form. Write each number in full.
a 1.5 × 10−3 b 1.234 × 10−5
c 7.9 × 10−8 d 9.003 × 10−4

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7 Write these numbers in full.
a 8 × 10−6 b 4.82 × 10−7
c 6.1 × 10−5 d 7.007 × 10−8
8 The wavelength of visible light is between 0.000 000 4 m and

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0.000 000 8 m.

Look at these five numbers.

A = 9.8 × 10−7
D = 4.81 × 10−6
PL
Write each of these numbers in standard form.

B = 1.2 × 10−6
E = 5.17 × 10−7
C = 3.05 × 10−7

Write the numbers in order of size, smallest first.

Challenge
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10 The mass of Earth is 5.98 × 1024 kg.
a When you write this mass in full, how many zeros does it have?
1
b The mass of Mars is approximately 10 of the mass of Earth.
Write the mass of Mars in standard form.
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11 a Copy and complete this sentence:

6.2 × 107 is times larger than 6.2 × 106.
b How many times larger than 8.5 × 10−3 is 8.5 × 103?
12 These numbers are not in standard form. Write each number in
standard form.
a 45 × 106 b 28 × 108
c 300× 104 d 995 × 107
13 Write each of these numbers in standard form.
a 43 × 10−5 b 125 × 10−8
c 0.7 × 10−5 d 0.08 × 10−7

10

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 1.3 Indices

14 Do these additions. Give your answers in standard form.

a 8.1 × 105 + 9.4 × 105 b 6.7 × 107 + 6.7 × 107
c 3.6 × 10−5 + 2.9 × 10−5 d 2.86 × 10−5 + 8.6 × 10−5

1.3 Indices
Exercise 1.3

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Focus
1 Write each number as a fraction.

3
a
d

d
7−1
3−4

256
PL
b
e
Write these numbers as powers of 4.
a
1
b

e
Write each number as a power of 5.
a 0.2 b
7−2
15−2

1
64
1
256

25
c
f

c
5−3
20−2

16−1

0.04
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d 125−1 e 150
4 Find the value of x−3 when
a x=2 b x=3 c x=5 d x = 10
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Practice
5 Write the answer to each multiplication as a power of 12.
a 123 × 12 −1 b 12 4 × 12 −5
c 12 −1 × 12 −2 d 12 −4 × 127
6 Write the answer to each multiplication in index form.
−1 −6
a 5 × 5 c 8 × 8
4
b 4 −3 × 4 −3
d 155 × 15 −5 e 5 −6 × 5 −6
7 Write the answer to each division as a power of 7.
3 4
a 75 ÷ 7 2 b 7 ÷ 7
c 7 4 ÷ 7 −2 d 7 −4 ÷ 7 −3

11

Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 1 Number and calculation

8 Write the answer to each division in index form.

−5 2
a 123 ÷ 12 −2 b 5 ÷ 5
c 34 ÷ 38 d 25 −3 ÷ 25 −4

Challenge
9 Find the value of x in these equations.
a 23 × 2 x = 2 9 b 32 × 3x = 3−2
c 5 −3 × 5x = 5 −5 d 8x × 8−3 = 8

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10 Find the value of y in these equations.
a 32 ÷ 34 = 3 y b 106 ÷ 10 y = 10 2
c 14 2 ÷ 14 y = 14 −4 d 8 y ÷ 83 = 84
11 y = x 0 + x −1 + x −2

Find the value of y when
a x=1
12 This table shows powers of 11.
112
121
113
1331
PL 114
14 641
b x=2

115
161 051
116
1 771 561
Use the table to work out the following. Do not use a calculator.
c x=3
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a 121 × 14 641 b 1 771 561 ÷ 14 641 c 121 ÷ 161 051
13 Find the value of x in this equation: 2 × 4 = 23 2 x
SA

12

Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.