Chapter 5 - Science and Technology and Nation Building

Science and Technology
and Nation Building

At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to:
1. Discuss the concept of nation building and its importance;

2. Explain the relationship between development and nation building;
3. Discuss the role of science and technology in Philippine nation
building;
4. Evaluate government policies pertaining to science and technology in
terms of their contributions to nation building; and
5. Identify actual science and technology policies of the government and
appraise their impact on the development of the Filipino nation.
Development is always associated with technology and the
latter “happens when there is advancement in science.” (Pujari,
2016)
Development is required in every individual to every nation in all

aspects.
This chapter will recognize the importance of providing

profound understanding of the science and technology in
nation-building.
THE CONCEPT
OF NATION
BUILDING
Many aspects shall be considered in
achieving a strong nation (Prof. Gambari,
2008):
Building a political entity
Building institutions
Building a common sense of purpose, a
sense of shared destiny, a collective
imagination of belonging
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Economic Situation
Development has been primarily measured by increases in Gross

National Product (GNP) or the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
GDP = Consumption + Investment + Government Spending + Net Exports
Where:
Consumption represents private-consumption expenditures by
households and nonprofit organizations
Investment refers to business expenditures by businesses and home
purchases by households
Government spending denotes expenditures on goods and services by
the government
Net exports represents a nation’s exports minus its imports.
World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP)
This provides annual reports on world economic trends in different dimensions. It also serves as
basis for classifying countries around the world as to developed economies, economies in
transition, and developing economies.
Science and Technology Application
The Scientific American published Global

its Global Science Scorecard which
serves as the basis for ranking the
Science
performances of various countries Scorecard
in the field of science.
Science and Technology for the
Advancement of Developing
Countries
In many developing countries, S & T play an important

role in social and economic progress.
Accordingly, developing countries realize the importance

of benchmarking and learning best practices from the
developed nations to eventually produce a localized S & T
programs.
Science and Technology for the
Advancement of Developing
Countries
Sen. Edgardo J. Angara: “Science and Technology Innovation (STI)
as a driving force behind the success of Asian neighboring
countries.”
Factors which contribute to economic success:

✓ Government investment in public goods and services such as
roads, clean water, health, and education
✓ Support for small and medium-scale enterprises
✓ Support for higher education institutions, science and
engineering sectors, and industry and trade associations
✓ Inter-institutional linkages between universities, industries,
government agencies and non-government organizations
✓ Good governance
Science and Technology in
Philippine Nation Building
The declarations in the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XIV acknowledges the significant role of science and
technology:
Section 10. Science and technology are essential for national development and progress. The State shall give priority
to research and development, invention, innovation, and their utilization; and to science and technology education,
training, and services. It shall support indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and technological
capabilities, and their application to the country’s productive systems and national life.
Section 11. The Congress may provide for incentives, including tax deductions, to encourage private participation in
programs of basic and applied scientific research. Scholarships, grants-in-aid, or other forms of incentives shall be
provided to deserving science students, researchers, scientists, inventors, technologists, and specially gifted
citizens.
Section 12. The State shall regulate the transfer and promote the adaptation of technology from all sources for the
national benefit. It shall encourage the widest participation of private groups, local governments, and community-
based organizations in the generation and utilization of science and technology.
Section 13. The State shall protect and secure the exclusive rights of scientists, inventors, artists, and other gifted
citizens to their intellectual property and creations, particularly when beneficial to the people, for such period as may
be provided by law.
Department of Science and
Technology (DOST)
The primary S & T body in the country

responsible for providing central direction,
leadership, and coordination of all scientific
and technological activities, and of
formulating policies, programs, and projects
to support national development
Congressional Commission
on Science, Technology, and
Engineering
Serves as an advisory and the policy making

body that aims to strengthen the linkage with
all sectors related to science and technology
in pursuit of its objectives.
Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI)
Responsible for implementing industry-

focused policies and, with DOST, co-funds
programs.
Commission on Higher
Education (CHED)
Responsible for formulation of policies,
plans, and programs for the development of
higher education system in the country.
It has been mandated to promote quality

education and ensures the implementation of
educational policies relevant to continuous
advancement of learning.
National Economic and
Development Authority
Formulates development plants and ensure
that plan implementations achieve the goals
of national development.
It is regarded as the country’s premier

socioeconomic planning body, an authority in
macroeconomic forecasting and policy
analysis and research.
World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report Indicators 12 Pillars of Competitiveness
Ambisyon Natin 2040
“By 2040, the Philippines is a prosperous middle
class society where no one is poor. People live
long and healthy lives and are smart and
innovative. The country is a high-trust society
where families thrive in vibrant, culturally
diverse, and resilient communities.”
Philippine
Development Plan
(PDP) 2017-2022
Overall Strategic
Framework
Pillars of Development
Pagbabago
Inequality-reducing
transformation through
increasing opportunities
for growth of output and
income
Patuloy na
Malasakit
Pag-unlad
Regain people’s trust in Increasing potential
public institutions and growth through sustaining
cultivate trust among and accelerating
fellow Filipinos economic growth
The DOST prepared the Harmonized National Research
and Development Agenda (HNRDA) 2017-2022 to ensure
that results of S & T endeavors are geared towards and
utilized in areas of maximum economic and social benefit
for the people.
The National
Scientists
Ramon C. Barba, Ph. Angel C. Alcala, Ph.
D. D.
Plant physiology; Ecology and diversity of
flowering of mangio Philippine amphibians and
and micro propagation reptiles; marine
biodiversity
Gavino C. Trono, Jr., Edgardo D. Gomez, Ph.
Ph. D. D.
Tropical marine Research and
phycology; seaweed conservation efforts in
biodiversity; “ice-ice” invertebrate biology and
disease in seaweeds ecology; coral reefs
Science Education in
the Philippines
Science and Education Curriculum
Framework in the Philippines
Designed towards developing productive

members of the society who are scientifically,
technologically, and environmentally literate
Selected Indigenous
Science and Technologies
Aerogas Catalytic Combustor (ACC) is an anti-pollution, fuel
saver and power booster engine device. It has practical
application on all types of internal combustion engines like
engines of Jeeps, Cars, Trucks, Ships and Motorcycles and even
Gas Fired Power Plants at a very economical cost. It was
invented by Engr. Marino C. Martinez, a chemical engineer.
It reduces pollution by as much as 82%, fuel saving by as much

as 32%, increase horsepower and torque by as much as 7.95%.
SALT (Sustainable Alternative Lighting) is created by Filipina
scientist, Aisa Mijeno. It is an environment-friendly lamp that runs
with just two tablespoons of salt and one glass of tap water. This
invention made it possible for those who live in coastal areas and
remote barrios to have light source.
SALAMANDER amphibious tricycle by Atoy Llave who desired
to address the problems of many commuters in a flood-prone
country. It can travel both on land and on water.
Science and Technology
and Nation Building

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Science and Technology

and Nation Building

1. Discuss the concept of nation building and its importance;

Development is required in every individual to every nation in all

This chapter will recognize the importance of providing

Development has been primarily measured by increases in Gross

The Scientific American published Global

In many developing countries, S & T play an important

Accordingly, developing countries realize the importance

Factors which contribute to economic success:

The primary S & T body in the country

Serves as an advisory and the policy making

Responsible for implementing industry-

It has been mandated to promote quality

It is regarded as the country’s premier

Designed towards developing productive

It reduces pollution by as much as 82%, fuel saving by as much

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