Satis (Goddess)

Satis (goddess)
Satet, Satit or Satjet, Satjit in Ancient Egyptian (Ancient

Satis
Egyptian: Sṯt or Sṯı͗t,[8] lit. "Pourer" or "Shooter"), Greek: Satis,
also known by numerous related names, was an Upper Egyptian
goddess who, along with Khnum and Anuket, formed part of the
Elephantine Triad. A protective deity of Egypt's southern border
with Nubia, she came to personify the former annual flooding of
the Nile and to serve as a war, hunting, and fertility goddess.
She was sometimes conflated with Isis and Sopdet, goddess of the
bright star Sirius,[9] which the Egyptians connected with the onset
of the Nile flooding. Under the interpretatio graeca, she was
conflated with Hera[9] and Juno.
Contents
Names
Satis being worshiped by Pharaoh
History Sobekhotep III (Thirteenth
Myths Dynasty), c. 1760 BC
Representation Name in
See also hieroglyphs
[1][2][a]
Notes
Major cult Abu (Elephantine)
References
center
Citations
Bibliography Symbol Hedjet crown;
antelope; ankh; bow;
Further reading
arrow; flowing river;
External links Sirius
Consort Montu; Khnum; Ra
Names Offspring Anuket
The exact pronunciation of Egyptian is often uncertain since vowels were not recorded until a very late
period. In transcription, the goddess's name also appears as Setis, Sati, Setet, Satet, Satit, and Sathit.[1]
Derived from sṯ, meaning "eject", "shoot", "pour", or "throw", her name can be variously translated as
"She who Shoots" or "She who Pours" depending on which of her roles is being emphasized.[1]
Her name was originally written with the hieroglyph for a linen garment's shoulder knot (S29); this was
later replaced by Anuket's animal hide pierced by an arrow (F29).[9] She was also known by epithets, such
as "Mistress of Elephantine"[9] and "She Who Runs Like an Arrow", thought to refer to the flowing river
current.
History
A goddess of the Upper Egyptians,[10] her cult is first attested on jars
beneath the Step Pyramid of Saqqara (Dynasty III).[9] She appears in
the Pyramid Texts (Dynasty VI) purifying a deceased pharaoh's body
with four jars of water from Elephantine.[9]
Her principal center of worship was at Abu (Elephantine),[9] an island

in Aswan on the southern edge of Egypt. Her temple there occupied
an early predynastic site shown by Wells to be aligned with the star
Sirius.[11] Other centers include Swenet (Aswan proper) and Setet
(Sehel Island nearby). She was particularly associated with the upper
reaches of the Nile,[10] which the Egyptians sometimes considered to
have its source near Aswan.[9] She is invoked in Aramaic as Sati on a
divorce document in the Elephantine papyri.
A stele including the Elephantine
Myths Triad (Eighteenth Dynasty).
As a war goddess, Satis protected Egypt's southern Nubian frontier by

killing the enemies of the pharaoh with her sharp arrows.
As a fertility goddess, she was thought to grant the wishes of those

who sought love.
She seems to have originally been paired with the Theban god Montu
but later replaced Heket as the consort of Khnum,[9] guardian of the
source of the Nile. By Khnum, her child was Anuket, goddess of the
Nile. After Khnum was conflated with Ra, she sometimes became an
Eye of Ra in place of Hathor.[9][12] A Ptolemaic Kingdom
representation of Satis
Together Khnum, Anuket, and Satis formed the Elephantine Triad.[13]
Representation
Satis was usually pictured as a woman in a sheath dress wearing the hedjet, the conical crown of Upper
Egypt, with antelope horns.[9] She is sometimes depicted with bow and arrows; holding an ankh or scepter;
or offering jars of purifying water.
She also appears in the form of an antelope.
Her symbols were the arrow and the running river.
See also
Egyptian pantheon
Elephantine, Aswan, & Sehel Island
Notes
a. Variant representations of Satis include

,[3]
,[4]

,[5]

,[6] and

.[7]
References
Citations
1. Hill, J (2016), "Satet" (http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/satet.html), Ancient Egypt Online
(http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/).
2. Vygus (2015), p. 1774.
3. Vygus (2015), p. 469.
4. Vygus (2015), p. 467.
5. Vygus (2015), p. 1724.
6. Vygus (2015), p. 1900.
7. Vygus (2015), p. 1903.
8. Vygus (2015), pp. 467, 469, 1724, 1774, 1900, & 1903.
9. Wilkinson (2003), p. 165.
10. Wilkinson (2003), p. 164.
11. Wilkinson (2003), p. 166.
12. Pinch, Geraldine (2004) Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and
Traditions of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. pp. 186–187
13. Wilkinson (2003), p. 194.
Bibliography
Vygus, Mark (2015), Middle Egyptian Dictionary (http://www.pyramidtextsonline.com/docume
nts/VygusDictionaryApril2015.pdf) (PDF).
Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003), "Satis", The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt
(https://archive.org/details/completegodsgodd00wilk_0/page/164), London: Thames &
Hudson, pp. 164–6 (https://archive.org/details/completegodsgodd00wilk_0/page/164),
ISBN 0-500-05120-8.
Further reading
Valbelle, Dominique (1981). Satis et Anoukis (in French). Verlag Philipp von Zabern.
ISBN 3-8053-0414-5.
External links
Media related to Satis at Wikimedia Commons
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Satis (goddess)

Satet, Satit or Satjet, Satjit in Ancient Egyptian (Ancient

Names Offspring Anuket

Her principal center of worship was at Abu (Elephantine),[9] an island

As a war goddess, Satis protected Egypt's southern Nubian frontier by

As a fertility goddess, she was thought to grant the wishes of those

She also appears in the form of an antelope.

Her symbols were the arrow and the running river.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satis_(goddess)&oldid=1029643835"

This page was last edited on 21 June 2021, at 06:16 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0;

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