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Chapter 2 - 5

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39 views

Chapter 2 - 5

Uploaded by

Randy Lee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Water Resource

Global Overview
• While 67% of Earth’s surface is covered by
water, only less than 2.7% of global water is
freshwater. Most of the freshwater (2.05%)
are locked in ice caps and glaciers. Only less
than 0.7% is available for human use.
Global Overview
• While 67% of Earth’s surface is covered by
water, only less than 2.7% of global water is
freshwater. Most of the freshwater (2.05%)
are locked in ice caps and glaciers. Only less
than 0.7% is available for human use.
Iceberg and Polar cap store most of the fresh water
on Earth
Scarcity of fresh water
Water consumption for food production

Industrialized / developed countries tend to


use more water in their industrial
production.Other countries tend to use more
water for agricultural uses
Problems related to Water crisis
• Inadequate access to safe drinking water by
over 1.1 billion people
• Groundwater overdrafting leading to
diminished agricultural yields
• Overuse and pollution of water resources
harming biodiversity
• Regional conflicts over scarce water resources
sometimes resulting in warfare.
Threats to fresh water resources
• Climate change causes change in frequencies
of droughts and floods.
• Depletion of aquifers caused by over-
consumption as a result of population growth.
• Pollution and contamination by sewage,
agricultural and industrial runoff.
Pressure of freshwater ecosystem
Desalination of sea water as fresh water
supply
• Desalination of sea water can be done either
via distillation or membrane process.
• Both process requires large amount of energy
and thus costly, which means desalination
remains an expensive option for providing
reliable fresh water supply, restricted to only
economically well-off countries.

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