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Basic Electronics

The document is from New Polytechnic Kolhapur and discusses various semiconductor devices including p-n junction diodes, Zener diodes, transistors, SCRs, LEDs, photodiodes, and oscillators. It provides details on their construction, working principles, characteristics and applications. Comparisons are made between LEDs and photodiodes as well as between p-n junctions and photodiodes.

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Randy Lee
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72 views

Basic Electronics

The document is from New Polytechnic Kolhapur and discusses various semiconductor devices including p-n junction diodes, Zener diodes, transistors, SCRs, LEDs, photodiodes, and oscillators. It provides details on their construction, working principles, characteristics and applications. Comparisons are made between LEDs and photodiodes as well as between p-n junctions and photodiodes.

Uploaded by

Randy Lee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NEW POLYTECHNIC, KOLHAPUR

Chapter No.4

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p-n Junction Diode:

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Zener diode

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 Zener diode is operated in this region when it is being used as a voltage regulator.

 The complete V-I characteristics of a zener diode as shown in fig.

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TRANSISTOR

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SCR (SILICON CONTROL RECTIFIER)

Silicon control rectifier is a three terminal switching device having four layer two p type
and two n-type semiconductor i.e. PNPN layers.

Construction:

It has three pn junction namely J1,J2,J3 .These terminal are called as anode, cathode and
gate.

The anode terminal is taken out from p1 layer. The cathode terminal is taken out from N2 layer,
and gate terminal from p2 layer.

It is called as SCR because in this semiconductor silicon is main materials. The main application
of SCR is for power controlling purpose. It can be reused in rectification instead of diode.

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Case -I Without the gate voltage applied to SCR

Vg=0 and VAK= Applied

If no voltage is applied to gate under this conditions J1 & J3 are in forward bias (FB) J2
in reverse bias(Rb).So current flow throw the SCR and thus to the load.

However if applied voltage VAK is forcefully increase then a stage is reached .When J2
breakdown and thus the SCR now conducts heavily (on state).This is avalance
breakdown .This causes the SCR to conduct the current.

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Important definition related to SCR:

1)Break over Voltage (VBO):

It is minmum forward voltage (Vg=0)at which SCR starts conducting.

2).Holding Current (IH):

It is maximum anode current (Vg=0)at which SCR is turned off from on condition.

3)Forward current Rating:

It is Maximum anode current that an SCR is capable of passing without distruction.

4)Reverse break over voltage:

The minmum reverse voltage (gate open)at which SCR starts moderately conducting
is called reverse breakover voltage.

5)Turn on Time:-

The time required to switch the scr from off state to on state is called as turn on time

6)Turn Off time:

The time required to switch the scr from on state to off state.

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Comparison of LED and PhotoDiode

Sr.No. LED PhotoDiode

1 It is a light emitting device. It is a light detecting device.

2 It is always Forward bias. It is always reverse bias.

3 Electrical energy converted into light Electrical current proportional to light intensity is
produced

Comparison of PN Junction and PhotoDiode

Sr.No PN Junction Photodiode

3 Forward current is proportional to forward voltage. Forward current is proportional to light intensity.

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Any circuit that generates the alternating (a.c.)voltage is called as oscillator.

Application:

1.pendulum , 2.Ordinary watch, 3.Walking dolt, 4. Windshield wipers

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