THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY

June 2011

www.esa.intt

PURPOSE OF ESA

To provide for and promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among European states in space research and technology and their space applications.

Article 2 of ESA Convention

ESA FACTS & FIGURES

Over 40 years of experience 18 Member States, 19 in 2011 Five establishments in Europe, about 2200 staff 4 billion Euro budget (2011) Over 70 satellites designed, tested and operated in flight 17 scientific satellites in operation Six types of launcher developed Celebrated the 200th launch of Ariane in February 2011
3

18 MEMBER STATES

ESA has 19 Member States: 17 states of the EU (AT, BE, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, IT, GR, IE, LU, NL, PT, RO, SE, UK) plus Norway and Switzerland. Eight other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with ESA: Estonia, Slovenia, Poland, Hungary, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania and the Slovak Republic. Bulgaria and Malta are negotiating Cooperation Agreements. Canada takes part in some programmes under a Cooperation Agreement.

ACTIVITIES
ESA is one of the few space agencies in the world to combine responsibility in nearly all areas of space activity.
Space science Human spaceflight Exploration Earth observation Launchers Navigation Telecommunications Technology Operations

ESAS LOCATIONS
ESTEC (Noordwijk)
Harwell

EAC (Cologne)

Salmijaervi (Kiruna)

ESA sites/facilities Offices ESA ground stations

ESA HQ (Paris)

Brussels Redu Toulouse

ESOC (Darmstadt)
Oberpfaffenhofen

Cebreros (Villafranca)

ESAC (Madrid)
Moscow

ESRIN (Rome)

Washington Houston

Santa Maria

Kourou

Maspalomas New Norcia Perth

Malarge
6

ESA PROGRAMMES

All Member States participate (on a GNP basis) in activities related to space science and a common set of programmes (Mandatory programmes). Mandatory General Budget: Future studies, technological research, education, common investments (facilities, laboratories, basic infrastructure) Science: Solar System science, astronomy and fundamental physics

In addition, Member States choose their level of participation in Optional programmes. Optional Human Spaceflight Telecommunications & Integrated Applications Earth Observation Launchers Navigation Robotic Exploration Space Situational Awareness

ESA BUDGET FOR 2011

Income from Member States and Canada Income from EU Income from European Cooperating States (ECSA) Other income Total 2975.0 M (74.5%) 777.9 M (19.5%) 7.9 M (0.2%) 233.0 M (5.8%) 3993.8 M (100%)

CA: 0.5%, 20.5 M UK: 6.6%, 265.3 M CH: 2.4%, 96.2 M SE: 1.5%, 59.9 M ES: 5.1%, 201.9 M PT: 0.4%, 15.8 M NO: 1.6%, 63.2 M NL: 2.1%, 84.2 M LU: 0.3%, 11.5 M IT: 9.5%, 380.0 M

Income from EU, ECSA and Other: 25,5%, 1018.8 M

M: Million Euro
2011 income from Member States and Canada 2975.0 M

AT: 1.3%, 54.0 M BE: 4.1%, 164.8 M CZ: 0.3%, 10.4 M DK: 0.8%, 31.2 M FI: 0.5%, 20.1 M

IE: 0.4%, 15.6 M GR: 0.4%, 14.9 M

DE: 17.9%, 713.8 M FR: 18.8%, 751.4 M

8

ESA BUDGET BY PROGRAMME (2011)

Programmes and mandatory activities European Cooperating States Agreement (ECSA) Total Technology* 2.5%, 105.1 M ECSA 0.2%, 7.9 M Basic Activities 5.4%, 216.7 M General Budget 4.5%, 179.9 M Science 11.6%, 464.8 M 3985.9 M 7.9 M 3993.8 M

Space Situational Awareness 0.4%, 15.7 M Launchers 15.3%, 612.5 M Robotic Exploration 3.2%, 129.4 M

Budgets 2011 3993.8 M

M: Million Euro
Human Spaceflight 10.3%, 410.9 M

*includes Third Parties

Earth Observation* 21.1%, 843.9 M Navigation* 16.7%, 665.7 M

9

Telecommunications* 8.5%, 341.3 M

STAFF BY NATIONALITY IN 2010

Austria 39 UK Belgium 91 CH Czech Republic 3 SE Denmark 23 Finland 20 ES France 517 Germany 416 Greece 18 PT Ireland 28 NO Italy 395 Luxembourg 2 NL Netherlands 86 LU Norway 24 Portugal 23 Spain 174 Sweden 42 IT Switzerland 29 UK 221 Canada 30 Total international staff: 2181
10

CA

GR AT BE CZ DK FI

FR

DE IE

ESA DIRECTORS
Director General Jean-Jacques Dordain

Science & Robotic Exploration

Launchers

Human Spaceflight & Operations Thomas Reiter

Earth Observation

Telecomms & Integrated Applications Magali Vaissire

Galileo & Navigation-related Activities Didier Faivre

Alvaro Gimnez Caete

Antonio Fabrizi

Volker Liebig

Technical & Quality Management

Procurement, Financial Operations & Legal Affairs Eric Morel De Westgaver

Corporate Reforms

Human Resources, Facility Management & Informatics Hans Georg Mockel

Policies, Planning & Control

Franco Ongaro
11

Gaele Winters

Giuseppe Morsillo

ESA COUNCIL

The Council is the governing body of ESA. It provides the basic policy guidelines for ESAs activities. Each Member State is represented on the Council and has one vote. About every three years, Council meets at ministerial level (Ministerial Council) to take key decisions on new and continuing programmes and financial commitment. The ESA Council at ministerial level also meets together with the EU Council to form the European Space Council.

12

ESAS INDUSTRIAL POLICY

About 90% of ESAs budget is spent on contracts with European industry.
ESAs industrial policy: ensures that Member States get a fair return on their investment; improves competitiveness of European industry; maintains and develops space technology; exploits the advantages of free competitive bidding, except where incompatible with objectives of the industrial policy.

13

BIRTH OF COMMERCIAL OPERATORS

ESAs catalyst role

ESA is responsible for R&D of space projects. On completion of qualification, they are handed to outside entities for production and exploitation. Most of these entities emanated from ESA.

Meteorology: Eumetsat Launch services: Arianespace Telecomms: Eutelsat and Inmarsat

14

 ESA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

SPACE FOR EUROPE

The European Union and ESA share a common aim: to strengthen Europe and benefit its citizens. Closer ties and an increased cooperation between ESA and the EU will bring substantial benefits to Europe by: guaranteeing Europes full and unrestricted access to services provided by space systems for its policies, and encouraging the increasing use of space to improve the lives of its citizens.

16

COOPERATION WITH THE EU

The Lisbon Treaty of 2009 reinforces the case for space in Europe and strengthens the role of ESA as an R&D space agency. Article 189 of the Treaty gives the EU a mandate to elaborate a European space policy and take related measures, and provides that the EU should establish appropriate relations with ESA. ESA/EU Framework Agreement currently in force Seven Space Council meetings and related resolutions and orientations provide directions and guidelines Two flagship programmes: Galileo, GMES
17

EUROPEAN SPACE POLICY

Strategic objectives of space for Europe: develop space applications to serve Europes public policies, enterprises and citizens; meet Europes security and defence needs; foster competitive and innovative industries; contribute to the knowledgebased society; secure access to technologies, systems and capabilities for independence and cooperation.
18

In May 2007, 29 European countries (17 Member States of ESA and 27 Member States of the EU) adopted a Resolution on the European Space Policy, adding a new dimension to European space activities.

 ESAS SPACE PROGRAMMES

 SCIENCE & ROBOTIC EXPLORATION

ESAS REMARKABLE PIONEERS OF SCIENCE

Hipparcos (198993) most comprehensive star-mapper IUE (197896) longest-living orbiting observatory Giotto (1986) closest ever flyby of a comet nucleus Ulysses (19902008) first craft to fly over Suns poles ISO (19958) first European infrared observatory SMART-1 (20036) first European mission to the Moon
21

HUYGENS

First landing on a world in the outer Solar System

In 2005, ESAs Huygens probe made the most distant landing ever, on Titan, the largest moon of Saturn (about 1427 million km from the Sun).

22

TODAYS SCIENCE MISSIONS (1)

XMM-Newton (1999 ) X-ray telescope Cluster (2000 ) four spacecraft studying the solar wind Integral (2002 ) observing objects in gamma and X-rays Hubble (1990 ) orbiting observatory for ultraviolet, visible and infrared astronomy (with NASA)

SOHO (1995 ) studying our Sun and its environment (with NASA)

23

TODAYS SCIENCE MISSIONS (2)

Mars Express (2003 ) studying Mars, its moons and atmosphere from orbit Rosetta (2004 ) the first long-term mission to study and land on a comet Venus Express (2005 ) studying Venus and its atmosphere from orbit Herschel (2009 ) far-infrared and submillimetre wavelength observatory Planck (2009 ) studying relic radiation from the Big Bang
24

UPCOMING MISSIONS

LISA Pathfinder (2013) testing technologies for gravity wave detection Gaia (2013) mapping a thousand million stars in our galaxy James Webb Space Telescope (2018) studying the very distant Universe (with NASA/CSA) BepiColombo (2014) a satellite duo exploring Mercury (with JAXA)

25

COSMIC VISION
ESAs long-term scientific programme is based on a vision. The Cosmic Vision looks for answers to mankind's fundamental questions: How did we get from the 'Big Bang' to where we are now? Where did life come from, and are we alone? ESA is assessing challenging new missions, including probes to the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, for 201525. The first two medium-class missions will be launched in 2017 and 2018.

26

ROBOTIC EXPLORATION

ExoMars will investigate the martian environment, particularly astrobiological issues, and develop and demonstrate new technologies for planetary exploration with the longterm view of a future Mars sample return mission in the 2020s.

27

 HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT

INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS)

The ISS unites USA, Russia, Japan, Canada and Europe in one of the largest partnerships in the history of science. It provides a platform where crews of up to six astronauts conduct research into life and physical sciences and applications, and prepare for future human exploration missions. Europes two key contributions are the Columbus laboratory and the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV). Columbus provides a substantial part of the ISSs research capability, specialising in fluid physics, materials science and life sciences. Europe has also provided Cupola, Node-2 and Node-3.
29

AUTOMATED TRANSFER VEHICLE (ATV)

ATV is an autonomous spacecraft for resupplying and reboosting the ISS. Each ATV carries up to 7.7 tonnes of cargo and fuel to the ISS. They then carry waste away from the ISS and burn up in the atmosphere in a controlled manner. The first ATV, Jules Verne, was launched in 2008. The second ATV, Johannes Kepler, was launched in 2011 and another three ATVs are planned for launch before 2015. Building on ATV, the Advanced Reentry Vehicle (ARV) is being studied as part of ESAs European Transportation and Human Exploration Preparatory Activities.
30

EUROPEAN ASTRONAUT
The first ESA astronauts were selected in 1978: Ulf Merbold, Wubbo Ockels and Claude Nicollier. The European Astronaut Corps was formed in 1998, uniting astronauts from several Member States and reinforcing a European identity. ESA astronauts are based at the European Astronaut Centre (EAC), in Cologne, Germany. Currently active include: Frank De Winne (BE), Andr Kuipers (NL), Paolo Nespoli (IT) and Roberto Vittori (IT), plus six more who were selected in May 2009.

31

EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN TRAINING

Samantha Cristoforetti (IT), Luca Parmitano (IT), Thomas Pesquet (FR), Andreas Mogensen (DK), Alexander Gerst (DE) and Timothy Peake (UK) are now in training for future missions. Parmitano is assigned to an ISS expedition in 2013.

32

 MISSION OPERATIONS

33

MISSION OPERATIONS

ESOC (Darmstadt, Germany) is ESAs centre for mission operations and ground systems engineering.

Preparation and execution of combined ground- and space-segment operations Mission control systems, ground stations and operational communication and computer systems Operation of spacecraft and ground facilities, mission analysis, flight dynamics, navigation and space debris
34

 SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

35 Image: Dan Durda/FIAAA

SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

The Space Situational Awareness (SSA) initiative aims to provide Europe with services to protect satellites and Earth. The initiative supports Europes independent utilisation of space, through provision of timely and accurate information about the space environment. SSA will strengthen reliability, availability and security of Europes space-based services. It will be coordinated with international partners and the institutions of the European Union. European industry will benefit from new contracts and world-class competitive capabilities gained through development of the SSA infrastructure and services.

36

 EARTH OBSERVATION

PIONEERS IN EARTH OBSERVATION

Meteosat (1977 ) ESA has been dedicated to observing Earth from space ever since the launch of its first meteorological mission. ERS-1 (19912000) and ERS-2 (1995 ) providing a wealth of invaluable data about Earth, its climate and changing environment. Envisat (2002 ) the largest satellite ever built to monitor the environment, it provides continuous observation of Earths surface, atmosphere, oceans and ice caps.

38

EARTH EXPLORERS
Part of ESAs Living Planet Programme, these missions address critical and specific issues raised by the science community, while demonstrating the latest observing techniques. GOCE (2009 ) studying Earths gravity field SMOS (2009 ) studying Earths water cycle CryoSat-2 (2010 ) studying Earths ice cover Swarm (2012) three satellites studying Earths magnetic field ADM-Aeolus (2013) studying the atmosphere EarthCARE (2015) an ESA/JAXA mission to study Earths clouds, aerosols and radiation

39

METEOROLOGICAL MISSIONS
Living Planet also includes the next generation of missions dedicated to weather and climate. Meteosat Third Generation taking over from Meteosat 11 in 2018, the last of four Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites. MSG and MTG are joint projects between ESA and Eumetsat. MetOp is a series of three satellites to monitor climate and improve weather forecasting, the space segment of Eumetsat's Polar System (EPS). MetOp-A (2006 ) Europes first polar-orbiting satellite dedicated to operational meteorology

40

OBSERVING OUR PLANET FOR A SAFER WORLD

A joint ESA/European Commission initiative, Global Monitoring for the Environment and Security (GMES) is the response to Europe's need for geo-spatial information services. It will provide autonomous and independent access to information for policy-makers, particularly for environment and security issues. ESA is implementing the space component: developing the Sentinel satellite series, its ground segment and coordinating data access. ESA has started a Climate Change Initiative, for storage, production and assessment of essential climate data.

41

 TELECOMMUNICATIONS
& INTEGRATED APPLICATIONS

A PIONEER IN TELECOMS
1968 Europe started to develop communications satellites. The Orbital Test Satellite (OTS) was launched 10 years later. OTS, and its follow-up ECS, was used for more than 13 years by ESA and Eutelsat. Olympus (1989) an experimental satellite, at the time of launch it was the largest civilian telecommunications satellite in the world Artemis (2001 ) this multi-purpose telecommunications and technology demonstration satellite introduced a new range of telecommunication services to the world

43

ENSURING COMPETITIVE AND INNOVATIVE INDUSTRY

Helping European industry to compete on the world stage; Supporting technological R&D and pioneering developments to bring new technologies near to market readiness; Building partnerships capable of creating wealth, jobs and new services for the citizens of Europe; Improving our daily lives, from health services to civil protection and rescue operations. ESAs Advanced Research in Telecommunications Systems (ARTES) programme promotes the development of technology, products and systems in partnership with industry.

44

PARTNERSHIP ARTES PROGRAMMES

Alphabus multipurpose platform exploited by European industry to build future high-power communication satellites. Its first mission, Alphasat, is due for launch in 2013 (in partnership with Inmarsat). Hylas-1 (2010 ) the Highly Adaptable Satellite project with Avanti, to provide broadband internet services to remote areas across Europe. Small GEO general-purpose small geostationary satellite platform, with subsequent mission in 2012 (with Hispasat). Will strengthen position of European industry in commercial medium-sized telecoms platform market.

45

NEW TELECOM PROGRAMMES AND INTEGRATED APPLICATIONS

EDRS (2013/15) the European Data Relay Satellite system. An independent European system to reduce time delays in transmission of large data quantities, making on-demand data available at the right place, at the right time. Iris developing a new air-to-ground communications system for air traffic management, the satellite-based solution for the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) programme. Integrated Applications Promotion bringing together diverse space infrastructures to facilitate innovative solutions, leading to sustainable services.
46

 NAVIGATION

GALILEO: SATELLITE NAVIGATION

Putting Europe at the forefront of this strategically and economically important sector, Galileo will provide a highly accurate, guaranteed global positioning service under civilian control. The full Galileo system will consist of 30 satellites and the associated ground infrastructure. Galileo is a joint initiative between ESA and the European Union. GIOVE-A (2005 ) first Galileo test satellite GIOVE-B (2008 ) validated the technologies Galileo IOV (2011/12) In-orbit Validation satellites (2+2 satellites) FOC Full Operational Capability; opening initial services (Open Service, Search & Rescue, Public Regulated Service), 18 satellites, from 2015 onwards.
48

EGNOS AND GALILEO APPLICATIONS

EGNOS is a precursor to Galileo that augments GPS and GLONASS, making them suitable for safety-critical applications, such as aviation. Galileo is expected to spawn a wide range of useful applications, including value-added services for transport by road, rail, air and sea, infrastructure and public works management, agricultural and livestock management and tracking, even e-banking and e-commerce authentication. Galileo will be a key asset for the provision of public services, such as rescue operations, law enforcement and crisis management.

49

 LAUNCHERS

THE EUROPEAN LAUNCHER FAMILY

The launchers developed by ESA guarantee European access to space. Their development is an example of how space challenges European industry and provides precious expertise. Ariane is one of the most successful launcher series in the world, soon to be complemented by Vega and Soyuz, launched from Europes Spaceport in French Guiana.

51

EUROPES SPACEPORT

European launchers lift off from the Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG), Kourou, in French Guiana. CSG is operated by the French space agency CNES and Arianespace, with the support of European industry. ESA owns the launch infrastructure for the Ariane 5, Vega and Soyuz launchers. CSG is ideally sited for launching satellites, in particular because it is close to the equator.
52

 SPACE TECHNOLOGY

SPACE TECHNOLOGY
The development of technology, along with access to space, is one of the enabling activities of ESA. Supporting the competitiveness of European industry Transferring technology from space to nonspace applications (spin-off), and bringing innovations from outside the space sector to use in the design of new space systems (spin-in). Fostering innovation and enhances European technological independence and the availability of European resources for critical technologies.

54

PROBA
Proba satellites are part of ESAs In-orbit Technology Demonstration Programme. New technology products need to be demonstrated in orbit, particularly when users require evidence of flight heritage or when there is a high risk associated with the use of the new technology. Proba satellites are among the smallest spacecraft ever to be flown by ESA, but they are making a big impact in the field of space technology. Proba-1 (2001 ) Proba-2 (2009 ) Proba-V (2012)

55

Would you like to know more? www.esa.int

56