Academic Session: 2020-21

Sequence and
Series

MATHEMATICS
Class XI
JEE (Main + Advanced)
 SEQUENCE AND SERIES
Index
Particular's Page No.

Theory 01–16

Exercise – 1 (Bronze) 17-24

Part – I Subjective Questions
Part – II Objective Questions

Exercise – 2 (Silver) 24-29

Part – I Only one option correct type
Part – II One or more than one option correct type

Exercise – 3 (Gold) 29-33

Part – I Single and double digit integer type
Part – II Match the column and Comprehension

Exercise – 4 (Platinum) 33-37

Part – I JEE (Main) Questions
Part – II JEE (Advanced) / Previous year subjective questions

Answer Key 38-39

Exercise – 5 (Diamond) 40-43

Part – I Objective Questions
Part – II Subjective Questions

Answer Key 44
 Sequence & Series

Sequence :

A sequence is a function whose domain is the set N of natural numbers. Since the domain for every
sequence is the set N of natural numbers, therefore a sequence is represented by its range. If
f : N  R, then f(n) = tn, n  N is called a sequence and is denoted by
{f(1), f(2), f(3),...............} = {t1, t2, t3, ......................} = {tn}

Real sequence :

A sequence whose range is a subset of R is called a real sequence.

e.g. (i) 2, 5, 8, 11, .......................

(ii) 4, 1, – 2, – 5, ......................
(iii) 3, –9, 27, – 81, ........................

Types of sequence :

On the basis of the number of terms there are two types of sequence.
(i) Finite sequences : A sequence is said to be finite if it has finite number of terms.
(ii) Infinite sequences : A sequence is said to be infinite if it has infinitely many terms.

Example # 1 : Write down the sequence whose nth term is

2n 3  ( 1)n
(i) (ii)
n 3n

2n
Solution : (i) Let tn =
n
put n = 1, 2, 3, 4, .............. we get
8
t1 = 2, t2 = 2, t3 = ,t =4
3 4
8
so the sequence is 2, 2, , 4, ........
3

3  ( 1)n
(ii) Let tn =
3n
put n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ......
2 4 2 4
so the sequence is , , , ,............
3 9 27 81
Series :

By adding or subtracting the terms of a sequence, we get an expression which is called a series. If
a1, a2, a3,........an is a sequence, then the expression a1 + a2 + a3 + ...... + an is a series.
e.g. (i) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .................... + n
(ii) 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + .................
(iii) – 1 + 3 – 9 + 27 – ..............

Progression :
The word progression refers to sequence or series – finite or infinite

1
 Sequence & Series

Arithmetic progression (A.P.) :

A.P. is a sequence whose successive terms are obtained by adding a fixed number 'd' to the preceding
terms. This fixed number 'd' is called the common difference. If a is the first term & d the common
difference, then A.P. can be written as a, a + d, a + 2 d,....... ,a + (n  1) d,........

e.g. – 4, – 1, 2, 5 ...........

n th term of an A.P. :
Let 'a' be the first term and 'd' be the common difference of an A.P., then
tn = a + (n – 1) d, where d = tn – tn – 1

Example # 2 : If t54 of an A.P. is – 61 and t4 = 64, find t10.

Solution : Let a be the first term and d be the common difference

so t54 = a + 53d = – 61 .........(i)
and t4 = a + 3d = 64 .........(ii)
equation (i) – (ii) we get
 50d = – 125
5
d=–
2
143 143  5
 a= so t10 = + 9    = 49
2 2  2

Example # 3 : Find the number of terms in the sequence 4, 12, 20, ........,108.

Solution : a = 4, d = 8 so 108 = 4 + (n – 1)8

 n = 14

The sum of first n terms of an A.P. :

If a is first term and d is common difference, then sum of the first n terms of AP is
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
2
n
= [a + ]  nt  n 1  , for n is odd. (Where  is the last term and t  n 1  is the middle term.)
2    
 2   2 

Note : For any sequence {tn}, whose sum of first r terms is Sr, rth term, tr = Sr – Sr – 1.

Example # 4 : Find the sum of all natural numbers divisible by 5, but less than 100.

Solution : All those numbers are 5, 10, 15, 20, ..........., 95.
Here a = 5, n = 19 &  = 95
19
so S= (5 + 95) = 950.
2

Example # 5 : Find the sum of all the three digit natural numbers which on division by 7 leaves remainder 3.

Solution : All these numbers are 101, 108, 115, ........, 997
997 = 101 + (n – 1) 7
 n = 129
129
so S= [101 + 997] = 70821.
2
2
 Sequence & Series

7n  1
Example # 6 : The sum of n terms of two A.Ps. are in ratio 1th terms.
. Find the ratio of their 11
4n  27

Solution : Let a1 and a2 be the first terms and d1 and d2 be the common differences of two A.P.s respectively,

n
[2a1  (n  1)d1 ]
2 7n  1
then n =
[2a 2  (n  1)d2 ] 4n  27
2

 n  1
a1    d1
 2  7n  1
 =
 n  1 4n  27
a2    d2
 2 
For ratio of 11th terms
n 1
= 10  n = 21
2

7(21)  1 148 4
so ratio of 11th terms is = = =
4(21)  27 111 3

Example # 7 : If sum of n terms of a sequence is given by Sn = 2n2 + 3n, find its 50th term.

Solution : Let tn is nth term of the sequence so tn = Sn – Sn – 1.

= 2n2 + 3n – 2(n – 1)2 – 3(n – 1)
= 4n + 1
so t50 = 201.

Self practice problems :

(1) Which term of the sequence 2005, 2000, 1995, 1990, 1985, ............. is the first negative term

(2) For an A.P. show that tm + t2n + m = 2 tm + n

(3) Find the maximum sum of the A.P. 40 + 38 + 36 + 34 + 32 + ..............

Answers : (1) 403 (3) 420

Remarks :

(i) The first term and common difference can be zero, positive or negative (or any complex number.)

(ii) If a, b, c are in A.P.  2 b = a + c & if a, b, c, d are in A.P.  a + d = b + c.

(iii) Three numbers in A.P. can be taken as a  d, a, a + d ;

four numbers in A.P. can be taken as a  3d, a  d, a + d, a + 3d;
five numbers in A.P. are a  2d, a  d, a, a + d, a + 2d ;
six terms in A.P. are a  5d, a  3d, a  d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d etc.
(iv) The sum of the terms of an A.P. equidistant from the beginning & end is constant and equal to
the sum of first & last terms.
(v) Any term of an A.P. (except the first) is equal to half the sum of terms which are equidistant
from it. an = 1/2 (ank + an+k), k < n. For k = 1, an = (1/2) (an1+ an+1);
For k = 2, an = (1/2) (an2+ an+2) and so on.
(vi) If each term of an A.P. is increased, decreased, multiplied or divided by the same non-zero
number, then the resulting sequence is also an AP.
(vii) The sum and difference of two AP's is an AP.
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 Sequence & Series
Example # 8 : The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 27 and the sum of their squares is 293, find them.
Solution : Let the numbers be a – d, a, a + d
so 3a = 27  a=9
Also (a – d)2 + a2 + (a + d) 2 = 293.
3a2 + 2d2 = 293
d2 = 25  d=±5
therefore numbers are 4, 9, 14.

5
Example # 9 : If a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 are in A.P. with common difference  0, then find the value of  a , when
i1
i

a3 = 2.
Solution : As a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 are in A.P., we have a1 + a5 = a2 + a4 = 2a3.
5

Hence a
i1
i = 10.

1 1 1
Example # 10 : If , , are in A.P., prove that a2, b2, c 2 are also in A.P..
bc c a ab
1 1 1
Solution :  , , are in A.P..
bc c a ab
1 1 1 1
 – = –
ca bc ab ca
bc c a c  aa b
 =
(c  a)(b  c ) (a  b)(c  a)

ba c b
 =
bc ab
 b2 – a2 = c 2 – b2
 a2, b2, c 2 are in A.P.

bc a c ab abc 1 1 1

Example # 11 : If , , are in A.P., then prove that , , are also in A.P.
a b c a b c
bc a c ab abc
Solution : Given , , are in A.P..
a b c
Add 2 to each term
bc a c ab abc
 , , are in A.P..
a b c
1 1 1
divide each by a + b + c  , , are in A.P..
a b c

Arithmetic mean (mean or average) (A.M.) :

If three terms are in A.P. then the middle term is called the A.M. between the other two, so if a, b, c are
in A.P., b is A.M. of a & c.
a 1  a 2  a 3  .....  a n
A.M. for any n numbers a1, a2,..., an is; A = .
n

n - Arithmetic means between two numbers :

If a, b are any two given numbers & a, A1, A2,...., An, b are in A.P., then A1, A2,... An are the
n A.M.’s between a & b.
ba 2 (b  a ) n (b  a )
A1 = a + , A2 = a + ,......, An = a +
n1 n1 n 1
4
 Sequence & Series
Note : Sum of n A.M.’s inserted between a & b is equal to n times the single A.M. between a & b
n
ab
i.e.  Ar = nA, where A is the single A.M. between a & b i.e. A=
2
r 1

13
Example # 12 : Between two numbers whose sum is , an even number of A.M.s is inserted, the sum of
6
these means exceeds their number by unity. Find the number of means.
Solution : Let a and b be two numbers and 2n A.M.s are inserted between a and b, then
2n
(a + b) = 2n + 1.
2
 13   13 
n   = 2n + 1. given a  b  6 
 6   
 n = 6.
 Number of means = 12.

Example # 13 : Insert 20 A.M. between 2 and 86.

Solution : Here 2 is the first term and 86 is the 22nd term of A.P. so 86 = 2 + (21)d
 d=4
so the series is 2, 6, 10, 14,......., 82, 86
 required means are 6, 10, 14,...,82.

Self practice problems :

(4) If A.M. between pth and qth terms of an A.P. be equal to the A.M. between rth and sth terms of the
A.P., then prove that p + q = r + s.
(5) If n A.M.s are inserted between 20 and 80 such that first mean : last mean = 1 : 3, find n.

a n1  b n 1
(6) For what value of n, , a  b is the A.M. of a and b.
an  bn
Answers : (5) n = 11 (6) n=0

Geometric progression (G.P.) :

G.P. is a sequence of numbers whose first term is non zero & each of the succeeding terms is equal to
the preceeding terms multiplied by a constant. Thus in a G.P. the ratio of successive terms is constant.
This constant factor is called the common ratio of the series & is obtained by dividing any term by
that which immediately preceeds it. Therefore a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4,...... is a G.P. with 'a' as the first term
& 'r' as common ratio.
e.g. (i) 2, 4, 8, 16, .......

(ii) 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ,.......
3 9 27 81

Results : (i) nth term of GP = a rn1

(ii) Sum of the first n terms of GP


a rn  1
 
, r 1
Sn =  r  1
 na , r 1
(iii) Sum of an infinite terms of GP when r < 1. When n  rn  0 if r < 1 therefore,
a
S =
1 r

r 1 . 
Example # 14 : If the first term of G.P. is 7, its nth term is 448 and sum of first n terms is 889, then find the fifth
term of G.P.
Solution : Given a = 7
tn = arn – 1 = 7(r)n – 1= 448.

5
 Sequence & Series
 7rn = 448 r
a(r n  1) 7(r n  1)
Also Sn = =
r 1 r 1
448r  7
 889 =  r=2
r 1
Hence T 5 = ar4 = 7(2)4 = 112.

Example # 15 : The first term of an infinite G.P. is 1 and any term is equal to the sum of all the succeeding
terms. Find the series.
Solution : Let the G.P. be 1, r, r2, r3, .........
r2 1
given condition  r=  r= ,
1 r 2
1 1 1
Hence series is 1, , , , ..............
2 4 8

1 1 1
Example # 16 : Let S = 1 + + + + .........., find the sum of
2 4 8
(i) first 20 terms of the series (ii) infinite terms of the series.

  1  20 
1    
 2 
  2 20  1 1
Solution : (i) S20 = 1 = 19 . (ii) S = 1 = 2.
1 2 1
2 2

Self practice problems :

(7) Find the G.P. if the common ratio of G.P. is 3, nth term is 486 and sum of first n terms is 728.

(8) If the pth, qth, rth terms of a G.P. be a, b, c respectively, prove that aq – r br – p cp – q = 1.
(9) A G.P. consist of 2n terms. If the sum of the terms occupying the odd places is S1 and that of
the terms occupying the even places is S2 , then find the common ratio of the progression.

(10) The sum of infinite number of terms of a G.P. is 4, and the sum of their cubes is 192, find the
series.
S2 3
Answers : (7) 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, 486 (9) . (10) 6, – 3, ,........
S1 2
Remarks :
(i) If a, b, c are in G.P.  b2 = ac, in general if a1, a2, a3, a4,......... an – 1 , an are in G.P.,
then a1an = a2an – 1 = a3 an – 2 = ..........................
a
(ii) Any three consecutive terms of a G.P. can be taken as , a , ar..
r
a a
(iii) Any four consecutive terms of a G.P. can be taken as , , ar, ar3.
r3 r

(iv) If each term of a G.P. be multiplied or divided or raised to power by the same nonzero quantity, the
resulting sequence is also a G.P..

(v) If a1, a2, a3,........ and b1, b2, b3,......... are two G.P’s with common ratio r1 and r2 respectively, then the
sequence a1b1, a2b2, a3b3, ..... is also a G.P. with common ratio r1 r2.

(vi) If a1, a2, a3,..........are in G.P. where each ai > 0, then log a1, loga2, loga3,..........are in A.P. and its
converse is also true.

6
 Sequence & Series
Example # 17 : Find three numbers in G.P. having sum 19 and product 216.
a
Solution : Let the three numbers be , a, ar
r
1 
so a   1  r  = 19 .......(i)
r 
3
and a = 216  a=6
so from (i) 6r2 – 13r + 6 = 0.
3 2
 r= ,
2 3
Hence the three numbers are 4, 6, 9.

Example # 18 : Find the product of 11 terms in G.P. whose 6th term is 5.

Solution : Using the property

a1a11 = a2a10 = a3a9 = .............. = a62 = 25
Hence product of terms = 511

p
Example # 19 : Using G.P. express 0. 3 and 1.2 3 as form.
q
Solution : Let x = 0. 3 = 0.3333 .............
= 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.003 + 0.0003 + .............
3 3 3 3
= + + + + ..............
10 100 1000 10000

3
10 3 1
= 1 = 9 = 3.
1
10
Let y = 1.2 3
= 1.233333
= 1.2 + 0.03 + 0.003 + 0.0003 + .............
3 3 3
= 1.2 + 2 + 3 + + ............
10 10 10 4

3
10 2 1 37
= 1.2 + = 1.2 + = .
1 30 30
1
10

Example # 20 : Evaluate 7 + 77 + 777 + ........... upto n terms.

Solution : Let S = 7 + 77 + 777 + ..........upto n terms.
7
= [9 + 99 + 999 + .......]
9
7
= [(10 – 1) + (102 – 1) + (103 – 1) + ........ + upto n terms]
9
7
= [10 + 102 + 103 + ...........+ 10n – n]
9

7  10(10n  1) 
=
  n
9  9 
 
7
= [10n + 1 – 9n – 10]
81

7
 Sequence & Series
Geometric means (mean proportional) (G.M.):
If a, b, c are in G.P., b is called as the G.M. of a & c.
If a and c are both positive, then b = ac and if a and c are both negative, then b = – ac .
b² = ac, therefore b = a c ; a > 0, c > 0.

n-Geometric means between a, b :

If a, b are two given numbers & a, G1, G2,....., Gn, b are in G.P.. Then
G1, G2, G3,...., Gn are n G.M.s between a & b.

G1 = a(b/a)1/n+1, G2 = a(b/a)2/n+1,......, Gn = a(b/a)n/n+1

Note : The product of n G.M.s between a & b is equal to the nth power of the single G.M. between a & b
n
i.e.  G =  ab  = G
r 1
r
n n , where G is the single G.M. between a & b.

Example # 21 : Insert 4 G.M.s between 2 and 486.

1
 b  n1
Solution : Common ratio of the series is given by r =   = (243)1/5 = 3
a
Hence four G.M.s are 6, 18, 54, 162.

Self practice problems :

(11) The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 70, if the two extremes be multiplied each by 4 and the
mean by 5, the products are in A.P. Find the numbers.

111 .......... 1
(12) If a =  , b = 1 + 10 + 102 + 103 + 104 and c = 1 + 105 + 1010 + ..... + 1050, then prove
55
that (i) ‘a’ is a composite number (ii) a = bc.

Answers : (11) 10, 20, 40

Harmonic progression (H.P.)

A sequence is said to be in H.P if the reciprocals of its terms are in A.P.. If the sequence a1, a2, a3,....,
an is in H.P. then 1/a1, 1/a2,...., 1/an is in A.P.
Note : (i) Here we do not have the formula for the sum of the n terms of an H.P.. For H.P. whose first term
ab
is a and second term is b, the nth term is tn = .
b  (n  1)(a  b)
2ac a ab
(ii) If a, b, c are in H.P.  b = or = .
ac c bc
ab a
(iii) If a, b, c are in A.P.  =
bc a
ab a
(iv) If a, b, c are in G.P.  =
bc b
Harmonic mean (H.M.):
2ac
If a, b, c are in H.P., b is called as the H.M. between a & c, then b =
ac
If a1, a2 , ........ an are ‘n’ non-zero numbers then H.M. 'H' of these numbers is given by

1 1  1  1  .......  1 
=  
H n  a1 a 2 an 

8
 Sequence & Series
Example # 22 : If m th term of H.P. is n, while nth term is m, find its (m + n)th term.
1
Solution : Given T m = n or a  (m  1) d = n; where a is the first term and d is the common difference of
the corresponding A.P.
1
so a + (m – 1)d =
n
1 mn
and a + (n – 1) d =  (m – n)d =
m mn
1 1 (m  1) 1
or d= so a= – =
mn n mn mn
1 mn mn
Hence T (m + n) = = = .
a  (m  n  1) d 1 m  n  1 mn

2 2
Example # 23 : Insert 4 H.M between and .
3 13
Solution : Let 'd' be the common difference of corresponding A.P..
13 3

so d = 2 2 = 1.
5
1 3 5 2
 H1 = 2 + 1 = 2 or H1 =
5

1 3 7 2
H2 = 2 + 2 = 2 or H2 =
7
1 3 9 2
H3 = 2 + 3 = 2 or H3 =
9

1 3 11 2
H4 = 2 + 4 = 2 or H4 =
11
.

Example # 24 : If pth, qth, rth terms of an H.P. be a, b, c respectively, prove that

(q – r)bc + (r – p) ac + (p – q) ab = 0
Solution : Let 'x' be the first term and 'd' be the common difference of the corresponding A.P..
1
so = x + (p – 1)d ...........(i)
a
1
= x + (q – 1) d ..........(ii)
b
1
= x + (r – 1) d ..........(iii)
c
(i) - (ii)  ab(p – q)d = b – a ..........(iv)
(ii) - (iii)  bc (q – r)d = c – b ..........(v)
(iii) - (i)  ac (r – p) d = a – c ..........(vi)
(iv) + (v) + (vi) gives
bc (q – r) + ac(r – p) + ab (p – q) = 0.
Self practice problems :
(13) If a, b, c be in H.P., show that a : a – b = a + c : a – c.
(14) If the ratio of H.M. between two positive numbers 'a' and 'b' (a > b) is to their G.M. as 12 to 13,
prove that a : b is 9 : 4.
H H
(15) If H be the harmonic mean of a and b, then find the value of + – 1.
2a 2b
(16) If a, b, c, d are in H.P., then show that ab + bc + cd = 3ad
Answers : (15) 0

9
 Sequence & Series
Relation between means :

(i) If A, G, H are respectively A.M., G.M., H.M. between a & b both being positive, then G² = AH (i.e. A, G,
H are in G.P.) and A  G  H.

3 6
Example # 25 : The A.M. of two numbers exceeds the G.M. by and the G.M. exceeds the H.M. by ; find
2 5
the numbers.
Solution : Let the numbers be a and b, now using the relation
 3  6 3 9
G2 = AH =  G    G   = G2 + G–
 2   5  10 5
 G=6
i.e. ab = 36
also a + b = 15
Hence the two numbers are 3 and 12.

A.M.  G.M.  H.M.

Let a1, a2, a3, .......an be n positive real numbers, then we define their
a1  a 2  a 3  .......  a n
A.M. = , their
n
G.M. = (a1 a2 a3 .........an)1/n and their
n
H.M. = 1 1 1 .
  ....... 
a1 a 2 an
It can be shown that
A.M.  G.M.  H.M. and equality holds at either places iff
a1 = a2 = a3 = ..............= an
a b c
Example # 26 : If a, b, c > 0, prove that + + 3
b c a
Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M. we have
a b c 1
   a b c  3 a b c
b c a   . .     3
3 b c a b c a

 1 1 1
Example # 27 : If x,y,z are positive, then prove that (x + y + z)  x  y  z   9
 
Solution : Using the relation A.M.  H.M.

xyz 3  1 1 1
 1 1 1  (x + y + z)  x  y  z   9
3    
x y z
n
Example # 28 : If ai > 0  i  N such that a
i 1
i  1 , then prove that (1 + a1) (1 + a2) (1 + a3) ........(1 + an)  2n
Solution : Using A.M.  G.M.
1 + a1  2 a1
1 + a2  2 a 2

1 + an  2 a n

 (1 + a1) (1 + a2) .........(1 + an)  2n a1a 2 a 3 ......a n 1/ 2

As a1 a2 a3 ..... an = 1
Hence (1 + a1) (1 + a2) .......... (1 + an)  2n.
10
 Sequence & Series

Example # 29 : If n > 0, prove that 2n > 1 + n 2n 1

Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M. on the numbers 1, 2, 22, 23,..........., 2n–1 , we have
1  2  22  .......  2n1
> (1.2. 22. 23. ......... .2n–1)1/n
n
Equality does not hold as all the numbers are not equal.
1
n
2 1  (n 1) n  n
 
 > n 2 2 
2 1  
(n 1)
 2n – 1 > n. 2 2

(n 1)
 2n > 1 + n. 2 2

Example # 30 : Find the greatest value of xyz for positive value of x, y, z subject to the condition xy + yz + zx = 12.

Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M.

xy  yz  zx
 (x2 y2 z2)1/3  4  (x y z)2/3
3
 xyz  8

Example # 31 : If a, b, c are in H.P. and they are distinct and positive, then prove that an + cn > 2bn
Solution : Let an and cn be two numbers
an  c n
then > (an cn)1/2
2
an + cn > 2 (ac)n/2 ...........(i)
Also G.M. > H.M.
i.e. ac > b, (ac)n/2 > bn ...........(ii)
hence from (i) and (ii), we get a + cn > 2bn
n

Self practice problems :

(17) If a, b, c are real and distinct, then show that a2 (1 + b2) + b2 (1 + c2) + c2 (1 + a2) > 6abc

(18) Prove that nn  1 . 3 . 5 .........(2n – 1), n  N

(19) If a, b, c, d be four distinct positive quantities in G.P., then show that

(i) a+d>b+c
1 1  1 1 1 
(ii) + >2    
ab cd  bd ac ad 

(20) Prove that ABC is an equilateral triangle iff tan A + tan B + tan C = 3 3

(21) If a, b, c > 0, prove that [(1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)]7 > 77 a4 b4 c4

Arithmetico-geometric series :
A series, each term of which is formed by multiplying the corresponding terms of an A.P. & G.P. is
called the Arithmetico-Geometric Series. e.g. 1 + 3x + 5x 2 + 7x 3 +.....
Here 1, 3, 5,.... are in A.P. & 1, x, x2, x 3..... are in G.P..

Sum of n terms of an arithmetico-geometric series:

Let Sn = a + (a + d) r + (a + 2 d) r² +..... + [a + (n  1)d] rn1, then

Sn =
a


d r 1  r n 1 

a  (n  1) d r n , r  1.
1 r 1  r 2 1 r

11
 Sequence & Series

Sum to infinity: If r < 1 & n  , then Limit

n
rn = 0 and Limit
n
n.rn = 0
a dr
 S =  .
1  r 1  r  2

4 7 10
Example # 32 : Find the sum of the series 1 + + 2 + 3 + ...... to n terms.
5 5 5
4 7 10 3n  2
Solution : Let S=1+ + 2 + 3 + ...... + ..........(i)
5 5 5 5n1

 1 1 4 7 3n  5 3n  2
  S= + 2 + 3 + ....... + n1 + ..........(ii)
5 5 5 5 5 5n
(i) – (ii) 
4 3 3 3 3 3n  2
S=1+ + 2 + 3 + ....... + n1 – .
5 5 5 5 5 5n

n1 
3   1  
1  
4 5 5  3n  2 1 3n  2
  3 3
S =1+ – n =1+ – × n1 –
5 1
1 5 4 4 5 5n
5

7 12n  7 35 (12n  7)
= –  S = – .
4 4.5n 16 16 . 5 n1

Example # 33 : Evaluate 1 + 2x + 3x 2 + 4x3 + ......... upto infinity, where | x | < 1.

Solution : Let S = 1 + 2x + 3x 2 + 4x3 + ..... ........(i)
xS= x + 2x 2 + 3x 3 + ......... ........(ii)
(i) - (ii)  (1 – x) S = 1 + x + x2 + x 3 + ..........
1
or S =
(1  x )2

Example # 34 : Evaluate : 1 + (1 + b) r + (1 + b + b2) r2 + ......... to infinite terms for | br | < 1.

Solution : Let S = 1 + (1 + b)r + (1 + b + b2) r2 +..... ..........(i)

rS = r + (1 + b) r2 + ......... ..........(ii)
(i) - (ii)
 (1 – r)S = 1 + br + b2r2 + b3r3 + ......
1
 S=
(1  br )(1  r )

Self practice problems :

(22) Evaluate : 1.2 + 2.22 + 3.23 + ...... + 100. 2100

(23) Evaluate : 1 + 3x + 6x2 + 10x3 + ...... upto infinite term, where | x | < 1.

2
 1  1
(24) Sum to n terms of the series : 1 + 2 1   + 3 1   + ......
 n  n
1
Answers : (22) 99.2101 + 2. (23) (24) n2
(1  x )3

12
 Sequence & Series

Results :
n n n n n
(i)  (ar ± br) =  ar ±  b r. (ii)  k ar = k  a r.
r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1

n
(iii)  k = k + k + k +...............n times = nk; where k is a constant.
r 1

n
n ( n 1)
(iv)  r = 1 + 2 + 3 +...........+ n =
2
r 1

n
n (n  1) (2n  1)
(v)  r² = 12 + 22 + 32 +...........+ n2 =
6
r 1
n
n 2 (n  1) 2
(vi)  r3 = 13 + 23 + 33 +...........+ n3 =
4
r 1

Example # 35 : Find the sum of the series to n terms whose general term is 2n + 1.
Solution : Sn = T n = (2n + 1)
= 2n + 1
2(n  1) n
= + n = n2 + 2n
2

n
2
Example # 36 : T k = k + 2 , then find k
T
k 1
k .

n n n
k
Solution : T k = k 2
+ 2
k 1
k 1 k 1

n (n  1) ( 2n  1) 2(2n  1) n (n  1) ( 2n  1)
= + = + 2n + 1 – 2.
6 2 1 6

n i j

Example # 37 : Find the value of the expression 

i  1 j  1k  1
1

n i j n i

Solution :  1 = 
i 1 j 1
j
i  1 j  1k  1

1  
n n n
i (i  1)
=  = i2   i
i 1
2 2  i1 
i  1 

1  n (n  1) (2n  1)  n (n  1) 
= 
2  6 2 

n (n  1) n (n  1) (n  2)
= [2n + 1 + 3] = .
12 6

Method of difference for finding n th term :

Let u1, u2, u3 ........ be a sequence, such that u2 – u1, u3 – u2, ......... is either an A.P. or a G.P. then nth term
un of this sequence is obtained as follows
S = u1 + u2 + u3 + ........... + un ................(i)
S= u1 + u2 + ........... + un–1 + un ................(ii)
(i) – (ii)  un = u1 + (u2 – u1) + (u3 – u2) + ........... + (un – un–1)

13
 Sequence & Series
Where the series (u2 – u1) + (u3 – u2) + .......... + (un – un–1) is

either in A.P. or in G.P. then we can find un.

n

So sum of series S = u
r 1
r

Note : The above method can be generalised as follows :

Let u1, u2, u3, ......... be a given sequence.
The first differences are 1u1, 1u2, 1u3, ........ where 1u1 = u2 – u1, 1u2 = u3 – u2 etc.
The second differences are 2u1, 2u2, 2u3, ......., where 2u1 = 1u2 – 1u1, 2u2 = 1u3 – 1u2 etc.
This process is continued untill the kth differences ku1 , ku2 , ........ are obtained, where the kth differences
are all equal or they form a GP with common ratio different from 1.
Case - 1 : The kth differences are all equal.
In this case the nth term, un is given by
k k–1
un = a0n + a1n + .....+ ak , where a0, a1, ...., ak are calculated by using first 'k + 1' terms of the sequence.

Case - 2 : The kth differences are in GP with common ratio r (r  1)

The nth term is given by un =  rn – 1 + a0 nk–1 + a1 nk–2 + ..... + ak–1

Example # 38 : Find the sum to n-terms 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + .........

Solution : Let S = 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + ......... + Tn ...........(i)

S= 3 + 7 + 13 + ............ + Tn–1 + Tn ...........(ii)
(i) – (ii)  Tn = 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 + .......... + (Tn – Tn–1)
n 1
=3+ [8 + (n – 2)2]
2
= 3 + (n – 1) (n + 2)
= n2 + n + 1
Hence S =  (n2 + n + 1)
= n2 + n + 1
n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1) n
= + +n = (n2 + 3n + 5)
6 2 3

Example # 39 : Find the sum to n-terms 1 + 4 + 10 + 22 + ........

Solution : Let S = 1 + 4 + 10 + 22 + .........+ Tn ........(i)

S= 1 + 4 + 10 + ......... + Tn–1 + Tn ........(ii)
(i) – (ii)  Tn = 1 + (3 + 6 + 12 + ......... + Tn – Tn–1 )
 2n1  1 
 
Tn = 1 + 3  2  1 
 
Tn = 3 . 2n–1 – 2
So S =  Tn = 3  2n–1 – 2
 2n  1 
 
= 3 .  2  1  – 2n = 3.2n – 2n – 3
 

Method of difference for finding s n :

If possible express rth term as difference of two terms as tr = ± (f(r) – f(r ± 1)). This can be explained with the
help of examples given below.
t1 = f(1) – f(0),
t2 = f(2) – f(1),
  
tn = f(n) – f(n-1)
 Sn = f(n) – f(0)

14
 Sequence & Series
Example # 40 : Find the sum of n-terms of the series 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + ............
Solution : Let Tr be the general term of the series
So Tr = r(r + 1).
To express tr = f(r) – f(r–1) multiply and divide tr by [(r + 2) – (r – 1)]
r
so Tr = (r + 1) [(r + 2) – (r – 1)]
3
1
= [r (r + 1) (r + 2) – (r – 1) r (r + 1)].
3
1
Let f(r) = r (r + 1) (r + 2)
3
so Tr = [f(r) – f(r – 1)].
n

Now S = T r = T1 + T2 + T3 + .........+ Tn
r 1

1
T1 = [1 . 2 . 3 – 0]
3
1
T2 = [2 . 3 . 4 – 1 . 2 . 3]
3
1
T3 = [3 . 4 . 5 – 2 . 3 . 4]
3

1
Tn = [n(n+1) (n + 2) – (n – 1)n (n + 1)]
3
1
 S=
n (n + 1) (n + 2)
3
Hence sum of series is f(n) – f(0).

1 1 1
Example # 41 : Sum to n terms of the series + + + .........
(1  x )(1  2x ) (1  2x )(1  3 x ) (1  3 x )(1  4x )
Solution : Let Tr be the general term of the series
1
Tr =
(1  rx )(1  (r  1)x )

1  (1  (r  1)x )  (1  rx )  1  1  1 
So Tr =   =  
x  (1  rx )(1  (r  1)x )  x 1  rx 1  (r  1)x 
Tr = f(r) – f(r + 1)
 S =  Tr = T1 + T2 + T3 + .......... + Tn

1  1  1  n
=   =
x 1  x 1  (n  1)x  (1  x )[1  (n  1)x]

4 5 6
Example # 42 : Sum to n terms of the series 1 . 2 . 3 + 2 . 3 . 4 + 3 . 4 . 5 + .........

r 3 1 3
Solution : Let Tr = = +
r(r  1)(r  2) (r  1)(r  2) r(r  1)(r  2)

 1 1  3  1  1 
=    +  
r  1 r  2  2  r(r  1) (r  1)(r  2) 
15
 Sequence & Series

1 1  3 1  1 
 S=    +  
 2 n  2  2  2 (n  1)(n  2 ) 

5 1  3  5 1
= – 1   = – [2n + 5]
4 n  2  2(n  1)  4 2(n  1)(n  2)

Example # 43 : Find the nth term and the sum of n term of the series 2 + 12 + 36 + 80 + 150 + 252 + ..........
Solution : Let S = 2 + 12 + 36 + 80 + 150 + 252 + ................+Tn ...........(i)
S= 2 + 12 + 36 + 80 + 150 + 252 + .........+Tn–1 + Tn ...........(ii)
(i) – (ii)  Tn = 2 + 10 + 24 + 44 + 70 + 102 + ............... + (Tn – Tn–1) ...........(iii)
Tn = 2 + 10 + 24 + 44 + 70 + 102 + ....... + (Tn–1–Tn–2) + (Tn – Tn–1) ...........(iv)
(iii) – (iv)  Tn – Tn–1 = 2 + 8 + 14 + 20 + 26 + .........
n
[4 + (n – 1) 6] = n [3n – 1]  Tn – Tn–1 = 3n2 – n
=
2
 general term of given series is  (Tn – Tn–1) =  (3n2 – n) = n3 + n2.
Hence sum of this series is
n2 (n  1)2 n(n  1)(2n  1) n (n  1)
S =  n3 +  n2 = + = (3n2 + 7n + 2)
4 6 12
1
= n (n + 1) (n + 2) (3n + 1)
12
Example # 44 : Find the general term and sum of n terms of the series 9 + 16 + 29 + 54 + 103 + .........
Solution : Let S = 9 + 16 + 29 + 54 + 103 + ................. + Tn ...........(i)
S= 9 + 16 + 29 + 54 + 103 + ......... + Tn–1 +Tn ...........(ii)
(i) – (ii)  Tn = 9 + 7 + 13 + 25 + 49 + ................. + (Tn – Tn–1) ...........(iii)
Tn = 9 + 7 + 13 + 25 + 49 + ........... + (Tn–1–Tn–2) + (Tn – Tn–1) ...........(iv)
(iii) – (iv)  Tn – Tn–1 = 9 + (–2) + 6 12
 24
 ........

n–2 n–2
 = 7 + 6 [2 – 1] = 6(2) + 1.
(n  2 ) terms
n–1
 General term is Tn = 6(2) +n+2
(2n  1) n (n  1) n(n  5 )
Also sum S = Tn = 62n–1 + n + 2 = 6 . + + 2n = 6(2n – 1) +
2 1 2 2
Self practice problems :
(25) Sum to n terms the following series
1 1 2 1 2  3
(i) + + + .........
1 3 3
1 2 3
1  23  3 3
3

1 1 1
(ii) 1 . 3 . 5 + 3 . 5 . 7 + 5 . 7 . 9 + .........

(iii) 1 . 5 . 9 + 2 . 6 . 10 + 3 . 7. 11 + .........

(iv) 4 + 14 + 30 + 52 + 80 + 114 + ..........

(v) 2 + 5 + 12 + 31 + 86 + ...............
2n 1 1  1 
Answers : (25) (i) (ii)  
n 1 4  3 (2n  1)(2n  3) 
n
(iii) (n + 1) (n + 8) (n + 9)
4
(iv) n(n + 1)2

3n  n2  n  1
(v)
2

16
 Sequence and Series

Exercise-1 (Bronze)
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : Arithmetic Progression

A-1. In an A.P. the third term is four times the first term, and the sixth term is 17 ; find the series.

A-2. Let an = n2 + 1 and bn is defined bn = an+1 – an. Show that {bn} is an arithmetic sequence.

p
2
th
A-3. Find the sum of first 35 terms of the series whose p term is
7

A-4. Suppose a1, a2, ....... are in A.P. and Sk denotes the sum of the first k terms of this A.P. If

Sn n4 a p1 (2p  1) 3
= for all m, n,  N, then prove that  .
Sm m4 a q1 (2q  1) 3

A-5. Find the number of integers between 100 & 1000 that are divisible by 7

A-6. Find the sum of all those integers between 100 and 800 each of which on division by 16 leaves the
remainder 7.

A-7. The sum of first p-terms of an A.P. is q and the sum of first q terms is p, find the sum of first (p + q)
terms.

A-8. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 27 and the sum of their squares is 293. Find the numbers.

A-9. Find four numbers in A.P. such that their sum is 50 and the greatest of them is 4 times the least.

A-10. The fourth power of the common difference of an arithmetic progression with integer entries is added to
the product of any four consecutive terms of it. Prove that the resulting sum is the square of an integer.

A-11. The sum of n terms of two A.P.'s are in the ratio (3n – 13) : (5n + 21). then ratio of their 24th terms.

A-12. If a, b, c are in A.P., then show that:

2 2 2
(i) a (b + c), b (c + a), c (a + b) are also in A.P.
(ii) b + c  a, c + a  b, a + b  c are in A.P.

There are n A.M's between 3 and 54, such that the 8th mean: (n  2) mean:: 3: 5. The value of n is.
th
A-13.

A-14. Find the degree of the expression (1 + x) (1 + x6) (1 + x11) ........ (1 + x101).

Section (B) : Geometric Progression

B-1. The third term of a G.P. is the square of the first term. If the second term is 8, find its sixth term.

B-2. The continued product of three numbers in G.P. is 216, and the sum of the products of them in pairs is
156; find the numbers

B-3. The sum of infinite number of terms of a G.P. is 4 and the sum of their cubes is 192. Find the series.

17
 Sequence and Series

B-4. The sum of three numbers which are consecutive terms of an A.P. is 21. If the second number is
reduced by 1 & the third is increased by 1, we obtain three consecutive terms of a G.P., find the
numbers.

B-5. In a geometric progression consisting of positive terms, each term equals the sum of the next two
terms. Then find the common ratio.

B-6. If a, b, c, d and p are distinct real numbers such that

(a2 + b2 + c2)p2 – 2(ab + bc + cd)p + (b2 + c2 + d )  0, then prove that a, b, c, d are in G.P.
2

th th th
B-7. If the p , q & r terms of an AP are in GP. Find the common ratio of the GP.

B-8. If x = 1 + a + a2 + a3 + ......  and y = 1 + b + b2 + b3 + ...... , show that1 + ab + a2b2 + a3b3 + ....... 

xy
= , where 0 < a < 1 and 0 < b < 1
x  y 1

1 1 1
B-9. If G be the geometric mean of x and y, then prove that .  
(G 2  x 2 ) (G 2  y 2 ) G2

n(n  1)
B-10. Show that ln (4 × 12 × 36 × 108 × .............. up to n terms) = 2n ln 2 + ln 3
2

B-11. If a, b, c, d are in G.P., prove that :

(i) (a  b ), (b  c ), (c  d ) are in G.P.
2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1 1
(ii) , , are in G.P.
a b
2 2
b c
2 2
c  d2
2

32 243
B-12. Let five geometric means are inserted between and then find sum of all the geometric
3 2
means.

Section (C) : Harmonic and Arithmetic Geometric Progression

th th 1 th 1
C-1. Find the 4 term of an H.P. whose 7 term is and 13 term is .
20 38

C-2. Insert three harmonic means between 1 and 7.

ax ay az

C-3. If   and p, q, r are in A.P. then prove that x, y, z are in H.P.
px qy rz

2 2 2
C-4. If a , b , c are in A.P. show that b + c , c + a, a + b are in H.P.

1 1 1 1
C-5. If b is the harmonic mean between a and c, then prove that    .
ba bc a c

C-6. An AP & an HP have the same first term, the same last term & the same number of terms ; prove that
the product of the rth term from the beginning in one series & the r th term from the end in the other is
independent of r.
18
 Sequence and Series

35
C-7. If the sum to infinity of the series 1 + 4x + 7x2 + 10x3 + ...... is then find x.
16

C-8. Sum the following series

2 3 4
(i) 1    ........ to n terms
2 2 2 23
3 7 15 31
(ii) 1     .......to infinity.
4 16 64 256

th
C-9. Find the sum of n terms of the series the r term of which is (2r + 1) 2r

Section (D) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M

D-1. Using the relation A.M.  G.M. prove that

(i) (x y + y z + z x) (xy + yz + zx )  9x y z . (x, y, z are positive real number)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

(ii) (a + b) . (b + c) . (c + a)  abc ; if a, b, c are positive real numbers

x100
D-2. If x > 0, then find greatest value of the expression .
1  x  x 2  x 3  ...  x 200

16 2
D-3. The H.M. between two numbers is , their A.M. is A and G.M. is G. If 2A + G = 26, then find the
5
numbers.

D-4. In the equation x4 + px3 + qx2 + rx + s = 0 has four positive real roots, then find the minimum value of
pr
.
s

D-5. If a, b, c are positive real numbers and sides of the triangle, then prove that
(a + b + c)  27 (a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a)
3

D-6. If ai > 0 for all i = 1,2,3 .........n then prove that

2 2 2 n
(1 + a1 + a 1) (1 + a2 + a 2) ...........(1 + an + a n) > 3 (a1 a2 a3 ......an)

1 1 1
D-7. If xi > 0, i = 1, 2, ..., 50 and x1 + x2 + .. + x50 = 50, then find the minimum value of   ....  .
x1 x 2 x50

D-8. If a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 are positive real numbers such that a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 = 16 then find maximum value of
(a1 + a2)(a3 + a4).

Section (E) : Summation of series

E-1. Find the sum to n-terms of the sequence.

(i) 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ........ up to n terms
(ii) 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 + .............. up to n terms

1 3 7 15
E-2.    .....to n terms
2 4 8 16

19
 Sequence and Series

k
E-3.
n
(i) If tn = 3 – 2 then find
n
t
n 1
n

6
(ii) Find  2 .3
i1
i

k
(iii) If tn = n(n + 2) then find t n 1
n

(iv) Find the sum to n terms of the series 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) + ..........

2 2 2 2 2 2
(v) Find the sum to n terms of the series 1 – 2 + 3 – 4 + 5 – 6 + .....
2 2 2
(vi) 10 + 13 + 16 + ...... upto 10 terms

  1 
E-4. Let P   10 2n 1  then log P is equal to?

n 1 
 0.01


E-5. Find the sum to n-terms of the sequence.

1 1 1
(i)    ....
1.3.5 3.5.7 5.7.9
2 2 2
(ii) 1 . 3 . 2 + 2 . 4 . 3 + 3 . 5 . 4 + ....
n
(iii)  r(r  1)(r  2)(r  3)
r 1

PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : Arithmetic Progression

th
A-1. If n term of a sequence an is 10 – 3n. Then sum of first 10 terms of this sequence is
(A) –50 (B) –65 (C) –75 (D) –80
2
A-2. The first term of an A.P. of consecutive integer is p + 1. The sum of (2p + 1) terms of this series can be
expressed as
2 2 3 3 3
(A) (p + 1) (B) (2p + 1) (p + 1) (C) (p + 1) (D) p + (p + 1)

A-3. If a1, a2, a3,........ are in A.P. such that a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225, then
a1 + a2 + a3 + ..... + a23 + a24 is equal to
(A) 909 (B) 75 (C) 750 (D) 900

A-4. If the sum of the first 2n terms of the A.P. 2, 5, 8, ....., is equal to the sum of the first n terms of the
A.P. 57, 59, 61, ..., then n equals
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13

A-5. How many terms are identical in the two arithmetic progressions 2, 4, 6, 8, ...... up to 100 terms and 3,
6, 9, .... up to 80 terms.
(A) 30 (B) 33 (C) 34 (D) 40

A-6. In an A.P. of 99 terms, the sum of all the odd numbered terms is 2550. Then find the sum of all the 99
terms of the A.P.
(A) 5000 (B) 5049 (C) 5100 (D) 5099

A-7. The sum of integers from 1 to 100 that are divisible by 2 or 5 is

(A) 2550 (B) 1050 (C) 3050 (D) none of these

20
 Sequence and Series

A-8. A person is to count 4500 currency notes. Let an denote the number of notes he counts in the nth
minute. If a1 = a2 = a3 .....= a10 = 150 and a10, a11,....are in an AP with common difference –2, then the
time taken by him to count all notes is
(A) 34 minutes (B) 125 minutes (C) 135 minutes (D) 24 minutes

A-9. A man saves Rs. 200 in each of the first three months of his service. In each of the subsequent months
his saving increases by Rs. 40 more than the saving of immediately previous month. His total saving
from the start of service will be Rs. 11040 after :
(A) 18 months (B) 19 months (C) 20 months (D) 21 months

100 100
A-10.
th
Let an be the n term of an A.P. If a
r 1
2r   and a
r 1
2r 1  , then the common difference of the A.P.

is
   
(A) –  (B) (C)    (D)
100 0

Section (B) : Geometric Progression

B-1. The third term of a G.P is 4. The product of the first five terms is
3 5 4
(A) 4 (B) 4 (C) 4 (D) 4

B-2. The first term of an arithmetic progression is 1 and the sum of the first nine terms equal to 369. The first
and the ninth term of a geometric progression coincide with the first and the ninth term of the arithmetic
progression. Then seventh term of the geometric progression is.
(A) 21 (B) 24 (C) 27 (D) 30

B-3. If S is the sum to infinity of a G.P. whose first term is ‘a’, then the sum of the first n terms is
 a
n   a 
n   a 
n   S n 
(A) S1   (B) S1  1    (C) a1  1    (D) S1  1   
 S   S     S     a 


B-4. The first two terms of a geometric progression add up to 12. The sum of the third and the fourth terms is
48. If the terms of the geometric progression are alternately positive and negative, then the first term is
(A) –4 (B) –12 (C) 12 (D) 4

20
an1 1
B-5. For a sequence {an}, a1 = 2 and
an
 . Then
3 a
r 1
r is

20  1   1 
(A) [4  19  3] (B) 31  20  (C) 2 (1 –3 )
20
(D) 1  20 
2  3   3 

B-6., be the roots of the equation x – 3x + a = 0 and , the roots of x – 12x + b = 0 and numbers 
2 2

, , , (in this order) form an increasing G.P., then

(A) a = 3, b = 12 (B) a = 12, b = 3 (C) a = 2, b = 32 (D) a = 4, b = 16

B-7. If the first 3 consecutive terms of a geometrical progression are the real roots of the equation
2x3 – 19x2 + 57x – 54 = 0 then sum to infinite number of terms of G.P.is
9 27
. (A) (B) 9 (C) (D) 27
2 2
3 n 1
B-8. If the sum of n terms of a G.P. is 3 – , then common ratio is
4 2n
3 3 3 9
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 8 4 16
21
 Sequence and Series

B-9. One side of an equilateral triangle is 24 cm. The mid–points of its sides are joined to form another
triangle whose mid  points are in turn joined to form still another triangle. This process continues
indefinitely. Then the sum of the perimeters of all the triangles is
(A) 144 cm (B) 212 cm (C) 288 cm (D) 172 cm

B-10. Let 3 geometric means G1, G2, G3 are inserted between two positive number a and b such that
G3  G 2 b
 2, then equal to
G2  G1 a
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16

a  bey b  ce y c  dey
B-11. If y
 y
 , then a,b,c,d are in
a  be b  ce c  dey
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) none of these

B-12. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence 0.7, 0.77, 0.777,....., is
7 7 7 7
(A) (179  1020 ) (B) (99  1020 ) (C) (179  1020 ) (D) (99  1020 )
81 9 81 9

Section (C) : Harmonic and Arithmetic Geometric Progression

1 1 3
C-1. If the 3rd, 6th and last term of a H.P. are , , , then the number of terms is equal to
3 5 203
(A) 100 (B) 102 (C) 99 (D) 101

ba bc
C-2. If a, b, c are in H.P. then the value of  is
ba bc
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 2
3 2
C-3. If the roots of the equation x – 11x + 36x – 36 = 0 are in H.P. then the middle root is
(A) an even number (B) a perfect square of an integer
(C) a prime number (D) a composite number

C-4. Let the positive numbers a, b, c, d be in A.P. Then abc, abd, acd, bcd are:
(A) not in A.P./G.P./H.P. (B) in A.P. (C) in G.P. (D) in H.P.

2 6 10 14
C-5. The sum to infinity of the series 1      .....
3 3 2 33 3 4
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6

1 1
C-6. If 3  (3  d)  2 (3 + 2d) +.........+ upto  = 8, then the value of d is :
4 4
(A) 9 (B) 5 (C) 1 (D) 4

C-7. Let 'n' Arithmetic Means and 'n' Harmonic Means are inserted between two positive number 'a' and 'b'. If
sum of all Arithmetic Means is equal to sum of reciprocal all Harmonic means, then product of numbers
is
1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) (D) 3
2

C-8. Let a1 , a2 a3 ........ be in A.P. and h1, h2, h3,...... in H.P. If a1 = 2 = h1 and a30 = 25 = h30 then
(a7 h24 + a14 h17 ) equal to :
(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) 200 (D) 400

22
 Sequence and Series

a 2  d 2
C-9. If a, b, c and d are in H.P., then find the value of
b 2  c 2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

C-10. Statement 1 : 3,6,12 are in G.P., then 9,12,18 are in H.P.

Statement 2 : If three consecutive terms of a G.P. are positive and if middle term is added in these
terms, then resultant will be in H.P.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true

39 37 5.3 6 3 6 7.3 4  25 
C-11. S  310  39      +..............upto infinite terms, then   S equals to
4 2 16 16 64  36 
9 10 11 10
(A) 6 (B) 3 (C) 3 (D) 2.3

1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9

C-12 The sum of infinite series  2  3  4  .....
2 2 2 2
(A) 21 (B) 22 (C) 23 (D) 24

Section (D) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M

D-1.The A.M. between two positive numbers exceeds the G.M. by 5, and the G.M. exceeds the H.M. by 4.
Then A.M. of given numbers is.
(A) 15 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 30
–x
D-2.If x R, the numbers 5
1+x 1–x x
+ 5 , a/2, 25 + 25 form an A.P. then 'a' must lie in the interval:
(A) [1, 5] (B) [2, 5] (C) [5, 12] (D) [12, )

D-3. If A, G & H are respectively the A.M., G.M. & H.M. of three positive numbers a, b, & c, then the
equation whose roots are a, b, & c is given by :
(A) x  3 Ax + 3 G x  G = 0 (B) x  3 Ax + 3 (G /H)x  G = 0
3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3

(C) x + 3 Ax + 3 (G /H) x  G = 0 (D) x  3 Ax  3 (G /H) x + G = 0

3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3

2 3 2
D-4. If a + b + c = 3 and a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, the greatest value of a b c .
310.2 4 3 9.2 4 3 9.25 310.25
(A) (B) (C) (D)
77 77 77 77

D-5. If P, Q be the A.M., G.M. respectively between any two rational numbers a and b, then P – Q is equal to
2
ab ab 2ab  a b
(A) (B) (C) (D)  
a 2 ab  2 


Section (E) : Summation of series

E-1. 13 – 23 + 33 – 43 + ....... + 93 =
(A) 425 (B) –425 (C) 475 (D) –475

1 1 1 3 5 2n  1
E-2. If Hn  1    .....  , then value of 1    ......  is
2 3 n 2 3 n
(A) 2n – Hn (B) 2n + Hn (C) Hn – 2n (D) Hn + n

23
 Sequence and Series

n
E-3. If  r(r  1) (2r + 3) = an
r 1
4 3 2
+bn + cn + dn + e, then identify incorrect option

(A) a + c = b + d (B) e = 0
2
(C) a , b  ,c 1 are in G.P. (D) c/a is an integer
3

E-4. Statement 1 : The sum of the first 30 terms of the sequence 1,2,4,7,11,16, 22,...... is 4520.
Statement 2 : If the successive differences of the terms of a sequence form an A.P., then general term
2
of sequence is of the form an + bn + c.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct
explanation for STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true


1
E-5. The value of is
r 1 a  r x  a  (r  1) x
n n a  nx  a a  an x
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a  a  nx a  a  nx 2x x

2 2 2
E-6. The value of (1.1 + 3.2 + 5.3 + ........ + upto 10 terms) is equal to :
(A) 6050 (B) 5965 (C) 5665 (D) 5385

E-7. If a1, a2, ..... an are in H.P., then the expression a1a2 + a2a3 + .... + an –1an is equal to
(A) (n – 1) (a1 – an) (B) na1an (C) (n – 1) a1an (D) n (a1 – an)

 4r
1
E-8. Value of is equal to
r 1
2
1
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 2

Exercise-2 (Silver)
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. Given the sequence of numbers x1, x2, x3, ...... x2013

x1 x2 x3 x 2013
which satisfy   ....  , nature of the sequence is
x1  1 x 2  3 x 3  5 x 2013  4025
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) A.G.P.

2 2 2 3
2. Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. and a , b , c are in G.P. if a < b < c and a + b + c = , then the value of a
2
is
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2

24
 Sequence and Series

3. If 1, 2, 3 ... are first terms; 1, 3, 5 .... are common differences and S1, S2, S3 .... are sums of n terms of
given p AP’s; then S1 + S2 + S3 + ... + Sp is equal to
np(np  1) n(np  1) np(p  1) np(np  1)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2

4. Let 6 Arithmetic means A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 are inserted between two consecutive natural number a
and b (a > b). If A12  A 2 2  A 3 2  A 4 2  A 5 2  A 6 2 is equal to prime number then 'b' is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

th
5. If the sum of n terms of a G.P. (with common ratio r) beginning with the p term is k times the sum of an
th
equal number of terms of the same series beginning with the q term, then the value of k is:
p/q q/p p q p+q
(A) r (B) r (C) r (D) r

6. In a set of four numbers, the first three are in GP & the last three are in AP, with common difference 6. If
the first number is the same as the fourth,then first number of the set will be
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 12

th
7. Consider the sequence 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, ..... of all positive integer, then 2011 term of this
sequence is
(A) 2056 (B) 2011 (C) 2013 (D) 2060

  
8. If x   a , y  b , z   c
n 0
n

n 0
n

n 0
n
where a,b,c are in AP and |a| < 1, |b| < 1, |c| < 1, then x,y,z are in :

(A) HP (B) Arithmetico–Geometric Progression

(C) AP (D) GP

9. The first term of an infinite geometric progression is x and its sum is 5. Then
(A) 0 x  10 (B) 0 < x < 10 (C) –10 < x < 0 (D) x > 10

 (a
a1 a 2 a
10. If a1, a2 , ........ are in H.P. and f (k )  r  a k ), then , ,..... n are in
r 1
f (1) f (2) f (n)
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these

11. Sum of the first n terms of the following sequence is :

2 3
 1  1  1
1  21    31    41    ......
 n   n   n
1 1
(A) n(1  )n (B) n 2 (1  )n (C) (n  1)
2 2
(D) n
n n

12. If a1, a2, a3, ........., an are positive real numbers whose product is a fixed number c, then the minimum
value of a1 + a2 + a3 + .... + an – 1 + 2an is
1/n 1/n 1/n 1/n
(A) n(2c) (B) (n + 1) c (C) 2nc (D) (n + 1)(2c)

2 2 2 2 2 2 n(n  1)2
13. The sum of the first n-terms of the series 1 + 2.2 + 3 + 2.4 + 5 + 2.6 + .......... is , when n
2
is even. When n is odd, the sum is
n(n  1)2 n2 (n  2) n2 (n  1) n(n  2)2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 2 4

25
 Sequence and Series

th th
14. Let Tr and Sr be the r term and sum up to r term of a series respectively. If for an odd number n,
T
Sn = n and Tn  n21 then Tm (m being even) is
n
2 2m 2 (m  1)2 2(m  1)2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1 m 2
1 m 2
2  (m  1) 2
1  (m  1)2

15. If S1, S2, S3,... Sn, .... are the sums of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, ... n,
19

S
1 1 1 1 2
and whose common ratios are , , , ...., , ... respectively, then the value of r .is equal
2 3 4 n 1 r 1
to
(A) 2469 (B) 2470 (C) 2869 (D) 2870

16. If (1) (2003) + (2) (2002) + (3) (2001) + ..... + (2003) (1) = (2003) (334) (x)., then x equals
(A) 2005 (B) 2004 (C) 2003 (D) 2001

n
n(n  1) (n  2) (n  3) n

tr  t
1
17. If , then equals
r 1 8 r 1 r

 1 1  1 1
(A)     (B)   
 (n  1) (n  2) 2   (n  1) (n  2) 2 
 1 1  1 1
(C)    (D)   
 (n  1) (n  2) 2   (n  1) (n  2) 2 

1
18. Let a sequence whose nth term is {an} be defined as a1 = and (n – 1)an – 1 = (n + 1)an for n  2
2

then a
n1
n is equal to

(A) 3/4 (B) 1 (C) 5/2 (D) 2

19. The sequence a1, a2, a3, ....... a98 satisfies the relation an+1 = an + 1 for n = 1, 2, 3, .........97 and has
49
the sum equal to 4949. Then a
k 1
2k is equal to

(A) 2499 (B) 2500 (C) 2549 (D) 2550

1 1 1 2 1 1 1
20. If   ......   , then 2  2  2  ...... 
12 22 3 2 6 1 3 5
(A)  / 12 2
(B) 2 / 24 (C) 2 / 8 (D) 2 / 4

26
 Sequence and Series

PART - II : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1.  The interior angles of a polygon are in A.P. If the smallest angle is 120º & the common difference is 5º,
then the number of sides in the polygon is :
(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 16 (D) 5

2. If 1, logy x, logz y, –15 logx z are in A.P., then

3 –1 –3 –1 3
(A) z = x (B) x = y (C) z = y (D) x = y = z

3. First three terms of the sequence 1/16, a, b, 1/6 are in geometric series and last three terms are in
harmonic series if
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) a  ,b  (B) a  ,b  (C) a  1, b   (D) a   , b  1
9 12 12 9 4 4

4. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd terms of an arithmetic series are a, b and a2 where 'a' is negative. The 1st, 2nd and
3rd terms of a geometric series are a, a2 and b , then
5
(A) a+b = 
8
1
(B) sum of infinite terms of geometric series is 
3
(C) sum of the 9 terms of the arithmetic series is 9.
1
(D) ab 
16

5. Which of the following numbers is/are composite

(A) 1111......1 (91 digits) (B)1111......1 (81 digits)
(C) 1111......1 (75 digits) (D)1111......1 (105 digits)

6. The sum of the first ten terms of an AP is 155 & the sum of first two terms of a GP is 9. The first term of
the AP is equal to the common ratio of the GP & the first term of the GP is equal to the common
difference of the AP. Then.
(A) sum of 9 terms of geometric series is 1533 if common ratio is an integer
(B) sum of the 9 terms of the arithmetic series is 126 if common ratio is an integer.
(C) sum of the 6 terms of the arithmetic series is 85 if common ratio is not an integer.
(D) third term of the geometric series is 12 if common ratio is not an integer.

7. Three numbers a, b, c between 2 and 18 are such that

(i) their sum is 25 (ii) the numbers 2, a, b, are in A.P.
(iii) the number b, c, 18 are in G.P.
then which of the following options are correct.
(A) a = 5 (B) b = 8 (C) b + c = 20 (D) a + b + c = 24

8. If the third and fourth terms of an arithmetic sequence are increased by 3 and 8 respectively, then the
first four terms form a geometric sequence. Then
(A) sum of the first four terms of A.P. is 54
(B) second term of the G.P. is 18
3
(C) Common ratio of the G.P. is
2
(D) common difference of A.P. is 9

27
 Sequence and Series

9. If sin x, sin22x and cos x · sin 4x form an increasing geometric sequence.Then

5 1
(A) cos2x= (B) common ratio of geometric sequence is 2
2
2 5 1
(C) sin 2x= (D) sin4xcotx = 2
2

 1   1  1 
10. For the series 2   2     (2 2  1)     (3 2  2)    ....
 2  2  2 2
  n1
 (2 n / 2  1) 

(A) S n  2 2  n  1  n   n1
   1
(B) Tn  2 2  n  1  n     2


 2 1 2 2
   


2

 
2 
n1
 1 
    1

n/2
n 2
(C) S n  3  (n  1) 2  n   n1
 (D) Tn  2 2  n  1  n   

 
 2
2
 2  1 2 2 

p
S 2p
a
1
11. If ak ak–1 + ak–1 ak–2 = 2ak ak–2 , k 3 and a1 = 1, here Sp= and given that does not depend
k 1 k Sp
1
on p then may be
a 2016
(A) 4031 (B) 1 (C) 2016 (D) 2017/2

n
a k 1
12. If
ak
is constant for every k 1. If n > m an > am and a1 + an = 66, a2an–1 = 128 and a
i1
i  126

then
ak 1 ak 1
(A) n = 6 (B) n = 5 (C) 2 (D) 4
ak ak

13. The sum of an infinite geometric series is 162 and the sum of its first n terms is 160. If the inverse of its
common ratio is an integer, then
(A) number of possible values of the common ratio is 3.
(B) greatest possible values of n is 4.
(C) greatest possible values of a is 216.
(D) sum of inverse of all possible values of common ratio is 81

14. Given that the cubic ax3 – ax2 + 9bx – b = 0 (a  0) has all three positive roots.then
(A) harmonic mean of the roots is independent of a and b
(B) minimum value of (a + b) is 28 if a and b  N
1
(C) geometric mean of roots is
3
1
(D) sum of pair-wise product of roots is
9

15. If b1, b2, b3 (bi > 0) are three successive terms of a G.P. with common ratio r, the value of r for which the
inequality b3 > 4b2 – 3b1 holds is given by
(A) r > 3 (B) 0 < r < 1 (C) r = 3.5 (D) r = 5.2

28
 Sequence and Series

2017 2 2016
16. If a satisfies the equation a – 2a + 1 = 0 and S = 1 + a + a + ..... + a . then possible value(s) of S
is/are
(A) 2016 (B) 2018 (C) 2017 (D) 2

17. Which of the following is/are TRUE?

(A) Equal numbers are always in A.P. , G.P. and H.P.
b b b
(B) If a, b, c be in H.P., then a  , , c  will be in G.P.
2 2 2
(C) If G1 and G2 are two geometric means and A is the arithmetic mean inserted between two
G2 G2
positive numbers, then the value of 1  2 is 2A.
G2 G1
(D) Let general term of a G.P. (with positive terms) with common ratio r be T k + 1 and general term

of another G.P. (with positive terms) with common ratio r be Tk + 1, then the series whose

general term Tk + 1 = Tk + 1 + Tk + 1 is also a G.P. with common ratio r.

18. If the arithmetic mean of two positive numbers a & b (a > b) is twice their geometric mean, then a: b is:
(A) 2  3 : 2  3 (B) 7  4 3 :1 (C) 1 : 7  4 3 (D) 2 : 3

4 3 2
19. The roots of the equation x – 8x + ax – bx + 16 = 0, are positive, if
(A) a = 24 (B) a = 12 (C) b = 8 (D) b = 32

20. Let a1, a2, a3, ……..an is the sequence whose sum of first 'n' terms is represented by
a1  a 3  xa2
Sn = an + bn + cn, n  N. If a 
3 2
then
y
(A) H.C.F of (x,y) is 2 (B) H.C.F. of (x,y) is 3
(C) L.C.M of (x,y) is 6 (D) x + y = 8

Exercise-3 (Gold)
PART - I : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

1. A man arranges to pay off a debt of Rs. 3600 by 40 annual installments which form an arithmetic series.
When 30 of the installments are paid he dies leaving a third of the debt unpaid. Find the value of the
first installment.

2. In a circle of radius R a square is inscribed, then a circle is inscribed in the square, a new square in the
circle and so on for n times. If the ratio of the limit of the sum of areas of all the circles to the limit of the
4k
sum of areas of all the squares as n is k, then find the value of .


3. If the common difference of the A.P. in which T 7 = 9 and T1T2T7 is least, is ‘d’ then 20d is–

4. The number of terms in an A.P. is even ; the sum of the odd terms is 24, sum of the even terms is 30,
and the last term exceeds the first by 10½; find the number of terms.

29
 Sequence and Series

5. If x  0, and log2 x  log2  x  log  x  log  x  log  x  .....  4, then find x.

2
4
2
8
2
16

6. A computer solved several problems in succession. The time it took the computer to solve each
successive problem was the same number of times smaller than the time it took to solve the preceding
problem. if computer spent 63.5 min to solve all the problems except for the first, 127 min to solve all
the problems except for the last one, and 31.5 min to solve all the problems except for the first two.Then
number of problems given to the computer were.

Given that are roots of the equation Ax 4 x + 1 = 0 and , the roots of the equation
2
7.
B x 6 x + 1 = 0, then find value of (A + B), such that , , & are in H.P.
2

8. Three positive numbers form a G.P. If the second term is increased by 8, the resulting sequence is an
A.P. Furthermore, if we increase the last term of this A.P. by 64,it again becomes G.P. then common
ratio of original G.P. is

9. Find the sum of the infinitely decreasing G.P. whose third term, three times the product of the first and
fourth term and second term form an A.P. in the indicated order, with common difference equal to 1/8.

10. If a, b, c are in GP, a – b, c – a, b – c are in HP, then the value of a + 4b + c is

11. The value of x + y + z is 15 if a, x, y, z, b are in AP while the value of (1/u) + (1/v) + (1/w) is 5/3 if
a, u, v, w, b are in HP. then sum of 2a + b is. (b > a)

12. a, a1, a2, a3,..., a2n , b are in A.P. and a, g1, g2, g3,.....g2n, b are in G.P. and h is the harmonic mean of a
a  a 2n a 2  a 2n1 a  a n1 Kn
and b, if 1   ... n is equal to , then find value of K.
g1g2n g2 g2n1 gn gn1 20h

5 55 555
13. If S   2
   ..... up  , then find the value of 36S.
13 (13) (13)3

25 22 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2
14. If  12       ..., then find the value of k
k 5 5 2 53 5 4 55

5 2 2 2 2
15. If (2 + x1 + x2 + x3 + x4) = 6250 x1 x2 x3 x4 .where x1, x2, x3, x4 > 0. then x1 + x2 +x3 +x4 is equal to?

16. If S1 , S2, S3 are the sums of first n natural numbers, their squares, their cubes respectively, then
S3 (1  8S1 )
is equal to
S 22

10

a
2 a i a i1a i2
17. Given that a1, a2, a3, .....an form an A.P. then is equal to (Given that a1 = 1 ; a2 = 2)
5 i1 i  a i 2

n 

 r .
1 1
18. If Sn  tr  n( 2n2  9n  13), then equals
r 1
6 r 1 tr

1 2 3
19. If S     ....., then find the value of 14S.
1  12  14 1  22  2 4 1  32  3 4

30
 Sequence and Series

20. If sum of first n terms of an A.P. (having positive terms) is given by S n = (1 + 2Tn) (1 – Tn) where Tn is
a b
the n term of series, then T22  , (a  N, b  N), then find the value of (a + b)
th
4

PART - II : MATCH THE COLUMN & COMPREHENSIONS

1. Column – I Column – II
49
(A) The coefficient of x in the product (p) –2500
(x – 1) (x – 3) (x – 5) (x – 7) ....... (x – 99)

(B) Let Sn denote sum of first n terms of an A.P. If S2n = 3Sn, (q) 9

S 3n
then is
Sn


r
1
(C) The sum is equal to (r) 3/4
r 2
2
1

(D) The length, breadth, height of a rectangular box are in G.P. (s) 6
(length > breadth > height) The volume is 27, the total surface
area is 78. Then the length is

2. Column – I Column – II

(A) The value of xyz is 15/2 or 18/5 according as the series (p) 2
a, x, y, z, b are in an A.P. or H.P. then 'a + b' equals
where a, b are positive integers.

1 1 1
(B) The value of 2 4 4 8 8 16 ..... is equal to (q) 1

(C) If x, y, z are in A.P., then (r) 3

(x + 2y – z) (2y + z – x) (z + x – y) = kxyz,
where k N, then k is equal to

(D) There are m A.M. between 1 and 31. If the ratio of the (s) 4
th th m
7 and (m –1) means is 5 : 9, then is equal to
7

Comprehension # 1 (Q.3 & 4)

In a sequence of (4n + 1) terms the first (2n + 1) terms are in AP whose common difference is 2, and
the last (2n + 1) terms are in GP whose common ratio 0.5. If the middle terms of the AP and GP are
equal, then

3. Middle term of the sequence is

n . 2n 1 n . 2n1 n
(A) n
(B) n
(C) n . 2 (D) None of these
2 1 2 1

31
 Sequence and Series

4. First term of the sequence is

4n  2n . 2n 4n  2n . 2n 2n  n . 2n 2n  n . 2n
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2n  1 2n  1 2n  1 2n  1

Comprehension # 2 (Q.5 to 7)

Let Vr denote the sum of the first 'r' terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first term is 'r' and
the common difference is (2r – 1).
Let Tr = Vr + 1 – Vr – 2 and Qr = Tr + 1 – Tr for r = 1, 2, ...

5. The sum V1 + V2 + ...... + Vn is

1 1
(A) n(n + 1)(3n2 – n + 1) (B) n(n + 1)(3n2 + n + 2)
12 12
1 1
(C) n(2n2 – n + 1) (D) (2n3 – 2n + 3)
2 3

6. Tr is always
(A) an odd number (B) an even number
(C) a prime number (D) a composite number

7. Which one of the following is a correct statement?

(A) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 5.
(B) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 6.
(C) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 11.
(D) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = .......

Comprehension # 3 (Q.8 to 10)

Let A1, G1, H1 denote the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, respectively, of two distinct
positive numbers. For n  2, let An – 1 and Hn – 1 have arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means as A n,
Gn, Hn respectively.

8. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(A) G1 > G2 > G3 > ...... (B) G1 < G2 < G3 < ......
(C) G1 = G2 = G3 = ...... (D) G1 < G3 < G5 < ...... and G2 > G4 > G6 > ......

9. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(A) A1 > A2 > A3 > ...... (B) A1 < A2 < A3 < ......
(C) A1 > A3 > A5 > ...... and A2 < A4 < A6 < ...... (D) A1 < A3 < A5 < ...... and A2 > A4 > A6 > ......

10. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(A) H1 > H2 > H3 > ...... (B) H1 < H2 < H3 < ......
(C) H1 > H3 > H5 > ...... and H2 < H4 < H6 < ...... (D) H1 < H3 < H5 < ...... and H2 > H4 > H6 > ......

Comprehension # 4 (Q.11 to 13)

Let  Tn = Tn+1 –Tn,  Tn =  Tn+1 –  Tn ,  Tn =  Tn+1 –  Tn , ........ , and so on, where T 1, T2, T3,
1 2 1 1 3 2 2

…..Tn–1, Tn, Tn+1,…… are the terms of G.P. whose first term is a natural number and common ratio is
equal to 'r'.

If  T1 = 36, then sum of all possible integral values of r is equal to :

2
11.
(A) 8 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) –2
32
 Sequence and Series


p
T
7
12. Let n  and r  then sum of squares of all possible value of p is equal to :
n1
3 7
(A) 42 (B) 46 (C) 45 (D) 30

If  Tn =  Tn , then 'r' equal to

7 3
13.
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) –2

Exercise-4 (Platinum)
PART - I : JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

9 1 8 2 7 9 9
1. If (10) + 2(11) (10) + 3(11) (10) + . . . . . . . . + 10 (11) = k(10) , then k is equal to
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]

121 441
(1) 100 (2) 110 (3) (4)
10 100

2. Three positive numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle term in this G.P. is doubled, the new
numbers are in A.P. Then the common ratio of the G.P. is [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 2  3 (2) 2  3 (3) 2 3 (4) 3  2

3. If m is the A. M. of two distinct real numbers l and n(l, n > 1) and G1, G2 and G3 are three geometric
means between l and n, then G14  2G24  G34 equals [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
2 2 2 2 2 2
(1) 4 l mm (2) 4 lm n (3) 4 lmn (4) 4 l m n

13 13  23 13  23  33
4. The sum of first 9 terms of the series    ..... is [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
1 1 3 1 3  5
(1) 71 (2) 96 (3) 142 (4) 192

th th
5. If the 2nd, 5 and 9 terms of a non-constant A.P. are in G.P., then the common ratio of this G.P. is:

[JEE(Main) 2016, (4, – 1), 120]

4 7 8
(1) (2) 1 (3) (4)
3 4 5

2 2 2 2
 3  2  1  4 16
6. If the sum of the first ten terms of the series 1    2    3   4 2   4   ...... is m, then
  
5 5   5   5  5
m
is equal to : [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 101 (2) 100 (3) 99 (4) 102

33
 Sequence and Series

2 2 2
7. For any three positive real numbers a, b and c, 9(25a + b ) + 25(c – 3ac) = 15b (3a + c), Then
[JEE(Main) 2017, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) b, c and a are in G.P. (2) b, c and a are in A.P.
(3) a, b and c are in A.P. (4) a, b and c are in G.P.

Let a, b, c R. If f(x) = ax + bx + c is such that a + b + c = 3 and f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy, x,y R,
2
8.
10
then  f (n) is equal to
n 1
[JEE(Main) 2017, (4, – 1), 120]

(1) 330 (2) 165 (3) 190 (4) 225

9. If, for a positive integer n, the quadratic equation, x(x + 1) + (x + 1)(x + 2) +.....+ ( x  n  1) (x + n) = 10n
has two consecutive integral solutions, then n is equal to [JEE(Main) 2017, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 12 (2) 9 (3) 10 (4) 11

12
10. Let a1, a2, a3,……, a49 be in A.P. such that a
K 0
4k 1  416 and a9 + a43 = 66 . If a12  a22  ....  a17
2
 140

m, then m is equal to : [JEE(Main) 2018, (4, – 1), 120]

(1) 34 (2) 33 (3) 66 (4) 68

11. Let A be the sum of the first 20 terms and B be sum of the first 40 terms of the series
1 + 2.2 + 3 + 2.4 + 5 + 2. 6 + ..... If B – 2A = 100 , then is equal to :
2 2 2 2 2 2

[JEE(Main) 2018, (4, – 1), 120]

(1) 464 (2) 496 (3) 232 (4) 248

12. The sum of the following series [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
9(1  2  3 ) 12(1  2  3  4 ) 15(12  22  .....  5 2 )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 6     .... up to 15 terms, is :
7 9 11
(1) 7510 (2) 7830 (3) 7520 (4) 7820

2
13. If 5, 5r, 5r are the lengths of the sides of a triangle, then r cannot be equal to :
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (10-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
3 3 7 5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 4 4 4

14. The sum of all two digit positive numbers which when divided by 7 yield 2 or 5 as remainder is :
(1) 1356 (2) 1256 (3) 1365 (4) 1465
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (10-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]

k 2 125
15. Find greatest value of k for which 49 + 1 is factor of 1 + 49 + 49 …..(49) [JEE(Main) 2020]
(1) 63 (2) 65 (3) 2 (4) 5

16. If sum of 5 consecutive terms of an A.P is 25 & product of these terms is 2520. If one of the term is -
½ then the value of greatest term is [JEE(Main) 2020]
21
(1) (2) 16 (3) 5 (4) 7
2

17. Let 3 + 4 + 8 + 9 + 13 + 14 + 18 + ….. 40 terms = S. If S = (102)m then m = [JEE(Main) 2020]

(1) 20 (2) 25 (3) 10 (4) 5

34
 Sequence and Series

18. a1, a2, a3 ………. a9 are in GP where a1 < 0

9
a1 + a2 =4, a3 + a4 = 16, if  a  4 λ . Then  is equal to
i1
i [JEE(Main) 2020]

511
(1) – 513 (2)  (3) – 171 (4) 171
3
1–x 1+x x –x
19. If 2 +2 , f(x) , 3 + 3 are in A.P. then minimum value of(x) is [JEE(Main) 2020]
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

20
20. Find the sum  1 2  3  ..... k 
k 1
[JEE(Main) 2020]

1 1 1
21. 2 4 . 4 16 . 8 48 ......... = [JEE(Main) 2020]
1
(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 24 (4) 1

100 100 200

22. Let an is a positive term of a GP and 
n1
a 2n1  200, 
n1
a 2n  100 find a
n 1
n [JEE(Main) 2020]

(1) 300 (2) 150 (3) 175 (4) 225

23. Number of common terms in both sequence 3, 7, 11, …….. 407 and 2, 9, 16, ……. 905 is
[JEE(Main) 2020]

PART - II : JEE (ADVANCED) / PREVIOUS YEARS SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

2
1. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is cn , then the sum of squares of these n terms is
n( 4n2  1)c 2 n( 4n2  1)c 2 n( 4n2  1)c 2 n( 4n2  1)c 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 3 3 6
[IIT-JEE - 2009, Paper-2, (3, –1), 80]

2. Let a1, a2, a3, ....., a11 be real numbers satisfying a1 = 15, 27 – 2a2 > 0 and ak = 2ak–1 – ak–2 for k = 3, 4,
a 2  a 22  ....a11
2
a  a 2  ...  a11
...., 11. If 1  90, then the value of 1 is equal to
11 11
[IIT-JEE - 2010, Paper-2, (3, 0), 79]

p
3. Let a1, a2, a3,....., a100 be an arithmetic progression with a1 = 3 and Sp  a ,
i1
i 1  p  100. For any

Sm
integer n with 1 n 20, let m = 5n. If does not depend on n, then a2 is
Sn
[IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]

35
 Sequence and Series

–5 –4 –3 8 10
4. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers a , a , 3a , 1, a and a where a > 0 is
[IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]

5. Let a1, a2, a3,.... be in harmonic progression with a1 = 5 and a20 = 25. The least positive integer n for
which an < 0 is
[IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-2, (3, –1), 66]
(A) 22 (B) 23 (C) 24 (D) 25

4n k (k 1)
6. Let Sn  
k 1
( 1) 2 k 2 . Then Sn can take value(s)

[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60

(A) 1056 (B) 1088 (C) 1120 (D) 1332

7. A pack contains n card numbered from 1 to n. Two consecutive numbered card are removed from the
pack and the sum of the numbers on the remaining cards is 1224. If the smaller of the numbers on the
removed cards is k, then k – 20 =
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]

b
8. Let a,b,c be positive integers such that is an integer. If a,b,c are in geometric progression and the
a
a 2  a  14
arithmetic mean of a,b,c is b + 2, then the value of is
a 1
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-1, (3, 0)/60]

9. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) are natural numbers. If the ratio of the
sum of the first seven terms to the sum of the first eleven terms is 6 : 11 and the seventh term lies in
between 130 and 140, then the common difference of this A.P. is
[JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, 0) / 80]

1
10. The least value of R for which 4x +
2
 1, for all x > 0, is
x
[JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, –1)/62]
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
64 32 27 25

11. Let bi > 1 for i = 1,2,….,101. Suppose logeb1,logeb2,…,logeb101 are in Arithmetic progression (A.P.) with
the common difference loge 2. Suppose a1, a2,…,a101 are in A.P. such that a1 = b1 and a51= b51. If
t = b1 + b2 + …. + b51 and s = a1 + a2 + … + a51, then
[JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-2, (3, –1)/62]
(A) s > t and a101 > b101 (B) s > t and a101 < b101
(C) s < t and a101 > b101 (D) s < t and a101 < b101

12. The sides of a right angled triangle are in arithmetic progression. If the triangle has area 24, then what
is the length of its smallest side?
[JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-1,(3, 0)/61]

13. Let X be the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression 1, 6, 11, …., and Y be
the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression 9, 16, 23, ….. Then, the number
of elements in the set X Y is _____.
[JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-1,(3, 0)/60]

36
 Sequence and Series

14. Let AP (a , d) denote the set of all the term of an infinite arithmetic progression with first term a and
common difference d > 0. If [JEE(Advanced) 2019]
AP (1 , 3)  AP (2 , 5)  AP (3 , 7)  AP (a , d)
then a + d equals ____

15. Let m be the minimum possible value of log3 (3y1  3y2  3y3 ) where y1, y2, y3 are real numbers for which
y1 + y2 + y3 = 9. Let M be the maximum possible value of (log 3x1 + log3x2 + log3x3), where x1, x2 , x3 are
3 2
positive real numbers for which x1 + x2 + x3 = 9. Then the value of log2 (m ) + log3(M ) is ______.
[JEE(Advanced) 2020]

16. Let a1, a2, a3, ….. be a sequence of positive integers in arithmetic progression with common difference
2. Also, let b1, b2, b3, ….. be a sequence of positive integers in geometric progression with common
ratio 2. If a1 = b1 = c, then the number of all possible values of c, for which the equality 2(a 1 + a2 + ….+
an ) = b1 + b2 + ….. + bn holds for some positive integer n, is ______ [JEE(Advanced) 2020]

37
 Sequence and Series

Answers
EXERCISE-1
PART - I
Section (A) :
A-1. 2, 5, 8,..... A-3. 160 A-5. 128 A-6. 19668
A-7. –(p + q) A-8. 4, 9, 14 A-9. 5,10,15,20
1
A-11. A-13. 16 A-14. 1071
2
Section (B) :
B-1. 128 B-2. 2, 6, 18 or 18, 6, 2 B-3. 6, –3, 3/2, ......
 1 5 qr
B-4. 3, 7, 11 or 12, 7, 2 B-5. B-7. B-12. 211
2 pq
Section (C) :
1 14 14 14 n2 8
C-1. C-2. , , C-7. 1/5 C-8. (i) 4  (ii)
11 1 8 5 2n1 3
n+2 n+1
C-9. n.2 –2 + 2.
Section (D) :
1
D-2. D-3. 2, 8 D-4. 16 D-7. 50
201
D-8. 64
Section (E) :
1 n.2n  2n  1
E-1. (i) 2n2  3n  4 (ii) (10n1  9n  10) E-2.
27 2n
1 k 1 1
E-3. (i) (3  1)  2k 1 (ii) 2184 (iii) k (k +1) (2k + 7)
2 6
1 n(n  1) n(n  1)
(iv) n(n  1)(n  2) (v)  if n is even, if n is odd (vi) 6265
6 2 2
E-4. 1
1 1
E-5. (i) 
12 4(2n  1) (2n  3)
n
(ii) (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (2n + 3)
10
(iii) (1/5) n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (n + 4)

PART - II
Section (A) :
A-1. (B) A-2. (D) A-3. (D) A-4. (C) A-5. (B)
A-6. (B) A-7. (C) A-8. (A) A-9. (D) A-10. (B)
Section (B) :
B-1. (B) B-2. (C) B-3. (B) B-4. (B) B-5. (B)
B-6.(C) B-7. (C) B-8. (A) B-9. (A) B-10. (D)
B-11. (B) B-12. (C)
Section (C) :
C-1. (A) C-2. (D) C-3. (C) C-4. (D) C-5. (B)
C-6. (A) C-7. (A) C-8. (B) C-9. (C) C-10. (A)
C-11. (B) C-12 (C)
Section (D) :
D-1.(C) D-2.(D) D-3. (B) D-4. (A) D-5. (A)
D-6. (D)
Section (E) :
E-1. (A) E-2. (A) E-3. (C) E-4. (D) E-5. (A)
E-6. (C) E-7. (C) E-8. (B)
38
 Sequence and Series

EXERCISE-2
PART - I
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (C)
6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (A) 9. (B) 10. (C)
11. (D) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (D) 15. (C)
16. (A) 17. (A) 18. (B) 19. (A) 20. (C)

PART - II
1.  (B) 2. (ABCD) 3. (BD) 4. (ABCD)
5. (ABCD) 6. (ABC) 7. (ABC) 8. (AB)
9. (ABCD) 10. (BC) 11. (AB) 12. (AC)
13. (BCD) 14. (ABC) 15. (ABCD) 16. (CD)
17. (BCD) 18. (ABC) 19. (AD) 20. (ACD)

EXERCISE-3
PART - I
1. 51 2. 2 3. 33 4. 8 5. 4
6. 8 7. 11 8. 3 9. 2 10. 0
11. 11 12. 40 13. 65 14. 54 15. 16
16. 9 17. 99 18. 1 19. 7 20. 6

PART - II
1. (A) (p), (B) (s), (C) (q), (D) (q) 2. (A) (s), (B) (p), (C) (s), (D) (p)
3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (D) 7. (B)
8. (C) 9. (A) 10. (B) 11. (A) 12. (B)
13. (A)

EXERCISE-4
PART – I
1. (1) 2. (2) 3. (2) 4. (2) 5. (1)
6. (1) 7. (2) 8. (1) 9. (4) 10. (1)
11. (4) 12. (4) 13. (3) 14. (1) 15. (1)
16. (2) 17. (1) 18. (3) 19. (3) 20. 1540
21. (1) 22. (2) 23. 14

PART- II
1. (C) 2. 0
3. 3 or 9, both 3 and 9 (The common difference of the arithmatic progression can be either 0 or 6, and
accordingly the second term can be either 3, or 9 ; thus the answers 3, or 9, or both 3 and 9 are
acceptable.)
4. 8 5. (D) 6. (A) 7. 5 8. 4
9. 9 10. (C) 11. (B) 12. 6 13. 3748
14. 157.00 15. 8.00 16. 1.00

39
 Sequence and Series

Exercise-5 (Diamond)

PART – I : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. The interior angles of a convex polygon form an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 4°.
then number of sides of the polygon if its largest interior angle is 172°.
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 14

2. If the arithmetic progression whose common difference is non-zero, the sum of first 3n terms is equal to
the sum of next n terms. Then, the ratio of the sum of the first 2n terms to the sum of next 2n terms is
equal to?
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 5 6

3. If eleven A.M.'s are inserted between 28 and 10, then sum of integral A.M.'s is
(A) 75 (B) 85 (C) 95 (D) 105

4. If a, b, c, d are distinct integers in an A.P. such that d = a 2 + b2 + c2, then the value of a + b + c + d is
equal to
(A) 2 (B) 5 (C) 9 (D) 13

5. The number of terms in a G.P., if a1 = 3, an = 192 and Sn = 255 are?

(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7

n n
6. The value of 
i1
3 i  363 and  i.3
i1
i
 k then sum of digits of k is equal to?

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 13

  

 3 3 3
1
7. The value of i j k
(i  j  k ) is equal to
i 0 j 0 k 0

81 27 243 99
(A) (B) (C) (D)
208 208 208 208

1 1.3 1.3.5
8. Value of    ......... up to infinite is equal to?
4 4.6 4.6.8
(A) 1 (B) 5 /4 (C) 3 / 2 (D) 2


n2
9. Value of 6
n 1
n
is equal to

42 41 41 41
(A) (B) (C) (D)
125 216 216 125

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10. If the sum 1 2
 2
+ 1 2
 2
+ 1 2
 2
+ ....... + 1  2
 equal to n –
1 2 2 3 3 4 1999 20002
1
where n  N. then n is equal to ?
n
(A) 999 (B) 1000 (C) 1999 (D) 2000

40
 Sequence and Series

11. Three distinct numbers a,b,c are in G.P. while logc a,logb c ,loga b are in A.P. with common difference
d then value of d is equal to ?
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 3/2 (D) 2

12. Given that ax = by = cz = du & a , b , c , d are in GP, then x , y , z , u are in

(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) none of these

13. Two distinct, real, infinite geometric series each have a sum of 1 and have the same second term. The
third term of one of the series is 1/8. If the second term of both the series can be written in the
m n
form , where m, n and p are positive integers and m is not divisible by the square of any prime,
p
then value of 100m + 10n + p.
(A) 498 (B) 518 (C) 527 (D) 613

m n
14. One of the roots of the equation 2000x 6 + 100x5 + 10x3 + x – 2 = 0 is of the form , where m is
r
non zero integer and n and r are relatively prime natural numbers. then value of m + n + r.
(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) 200 (D) 250

15. The sum of roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of squares of their reciprocals.
then bc2, ca2 and ab2 in
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P (D) A.G.P.

16. Consider following equations in x and y

log2x + log4x + log16x + .................... = y
5  9  13  ........(4y  1)
 4 log4 x
1  3  5  .........(2y  1)
2
then value of x +y is equal to?
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 13

2 3 4 n
3 3 3 3 3
17. If A n              ........ ( 1)n1  and Bn = 1 – An, then minimum natural number
4 4 4 4 4
n0 such that Bn > An.  n > n0.
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7

Comprehension (Q.18 to Q.20)

Let am (m = 1,2,3 .., p) be the possible integral values of a for which the graphs of f(x) = ax 2 + 2bx +b and
p n
g(x) = 5x2 – 3bx – a meets at some point for all real values of b. Let tr = 
m 1
(r  am ) and Sn = t
r 1
r , n  N.

18. The minimum possible value of a is

1 5 3 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 26 38 43

19. The sum of values of n for which Sn vanishes is

(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11

t
1
20. The value of is equal to
r 5 r
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 6 15 18

41
 Sequence and Series

PART – II SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Prove that 2, 3, 5 cannot be terms of a single A.P.

2. If the sum of the first m terms of an A.P. is equal to the sum of either the next n terms or the next p
 1 1  1 1
terms, then prove that (m + n)     (m  p)    .
m p m n
th th
3. If a and b are p and q terms of an AP, then find the sum of its (p + q) terms

4. In an A.P. of which ‘a’ is the Ist term, if the sum of the Ist ' p ' terms is equal to zero, show that the sum
a(p  q)q
of the next ' q ' terms is  .
p 1
th
5. Find the sum in the n group of sequence,
(i) (1), (2, 3); (4, 5, 6, 7); (8, 9,........, 15); ............
(ii) (1), (2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8, 9),........

6. Let a, b be positive real numbers. If a, A1, A2, b are in arithmetic progression, a, G1, G2, b are in
geometric progression and a, H1, H2, b are in harmonic progression, show that
G1G2 A1  A 2 (2a  b) (a  2b)
  .
H1H2 H1  H2 9 ab

(n  1) n1
7. If total number of runs scored in n matches is (2  n  2) where n > 1 and the runs scored in
4
, where 1 k n, find n
th n+1–k
the k match are given by k. 2

8. Let a1, a2,........, an be positive real numbers in geometric progression. For each n, let An, Gn, Hn be
respectively the arithmetic mean, geometric mean & harmonic mean of a1, a2,......, an. Prove that
n 1
G K 1
( A k Hk ) 2n , Where G is geometric mean between G1, G2, ........., Gn.

c
9. If a, b, c are in A.P., a2 , b2 , c2 are in H.P. , then prove that either a = b = c or a, b,  form a G.P.
2

p r
10. If a, b, c are in A.P., p, q, r are in H.P. and ap, bq, cr are in G.P., then find  . in terms of a and c.
r p
2
11. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation, ax + bx + c = 0 is equal to sum of the squares of their
a b c
reciprocals, then prove that , , are in H.P.
c a b

12. If a, b, c, d, e be 5 numbers such that a, b, c are in AP ; b, c, d are in GP & c, d, e are in HP then :

(i) Prove that a, c, e are in GP .
(ii) Prove that e = (2 b  a)²/a .
(iii) If a = 2 & e = 18 , find all possible values of b , c , d .

 sin 3
2x x
13. Let f (x) denote the sum of the infinite trigonometric series, f (x) = .n
sin
n1 3n
Find f (x) (independent of n) also evaluate the sum of the solutions of the equation f (x) = 0 lying in the
interval (0, 629).

42
 Sequence and Series

14. If there are n quantities in GP with common ratio r & Sm denotes the sum of the first m terms, show
r
that the sum of the products of these m terms taken two & two together is .S m .S m1
r 1

15. If n is a root of the equation x² (1 ac) x (a² + c²) (1 + ac) = 0 and if n HM’s are inserted between a
and c, show that the difference between the first and the last mean is equal to ac(a c).

16. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then prove that

(i) b c + c a + a b abc (a + b + c).
2 2 2 2 2 2

a b c 3
(ii)   
bc c a ab 2
2 2 2 9
(iii)   
ab bc c a abc
(iv) If n is positive integer, show that 22n+1 > 1 + (2n + 1)2n.

17. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then prove that [(1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)]7 > 77 a4 b4 c4.

18. Let A, G, H be A.M., G.M. and H.M. of three positive real numbers a, b, c respectively such that
2
G = AH, then prove that a, b, c are terms of a GP.

19. Let a1, a2, ........an, be real numbers such that

1 n(n  3)
a1  a2  1  a3  2  ....  an  (n  1) )  (a1  a2  .....  an ) 
2 4
100
then find the value of a
i 1
i

 n1   n1  n
20.
    
If ai R, i = 1, 2, 3, .......n and all ai 's are distinct such that  ai2   6 ai ai1   9 ai2  0
 
 i1   i1  i2
and a1=8 then sum of first five terms?

n n n n
21. Let {an} and {bn} are two sequences given by an  ( x)1 / 2  ( y)1 / 2 and bn  ( x)1 / 2  ( y)1 / 2 for all
n  N. Then find a1a2a3........an.

In the quadratic equation ax + bx + c = 0, a 0, = b – 4ac and + ,  +  ,  +  are in G.P.
2 2 2 2 3 3
22.
where are the root of ax + bx + c = 0, then prove that c0
2

n n 1 n2
23. Find sum of the series    .... up to n terms
1. 2. 3 2. 3. 4 3. 4. 5

n
3n . 5 n
24. Find the value of Sn   and hence S  .
n 1 (5
n
 3n ) (5 n 1  3n 1 )

25. Circles are inscribed in the acute angle  so that every neighbouring circles touch each other. If the
radius of the first circle is R, then find the sum of the radii of the first n circles in terms of R and .

43
 Sequence and Series

Answers
PART– I

1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (A)

6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (D)
11. (C) 12. (C) 13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (C)
16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (B) 19. (C) 20. (D)

PART– II

pq a  b
3. a  b  
2  p  q
n2 n–1
– 1) (ii) (n  1) + n
n 3 3
5. (i) 2 (2 + 2

7. 7
a c
10. 
c a
12. b = 4, c = 6, d = 9 or b =  2, c =  6, d =  18

13. f (x) = 0.5[1 – cos x]; S = 10100

19. 5050
488
20.
81
xy
21.
bn
n(n  1)
23.
4(n  2)
3
24.
4
   
n 
R 1  sin   1  sin  
25.  2  2   1
   
2 sin
  1  sin   
 

44
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