CHAPTER 1:

Demolition Work
Lecture By :
Mohd Fakrul Adli Bin Abdul Razak
 "Demolition" "Building
Destruction,
tearing down,
1.1 Definition Height“
The vertical
breakup, removal
of whole or a distance
part of any measured from “Implosion
"Catchfan" structure with the "Building Survey" the top most part Expert"
help of some of the building to means a person who
temporary an inspection on the
equipment or be
structure erected building and its has acquired
other method in
around and a controlled surroundings aiming at adequate knowledge
"Hanging
attached to or manner with a and experience in
spotting any potential Structure"
abutting the legal procedure building implosion
problems that may unconventional
exterior wail of and consent of through training and
arise during demolition structure that is
the building being the local practical experience
authority and developing a supported from
demolished for and is competent in
method statement for above by tension
the purpose of täking up the full
demolition; members such as
catching and responsibifity to
retaining debris suspended cables, design, organise and
that fall outside tie rods or other control building
the building; means; implosion.
Reason for Building Demolition
1. Provision structure achieve design life period. Normally building
structure lifespan 80-100years.
2. Re-development by building owner.
3. Building structure lost its stability or having major structural damage.
4. Renovation work consist of major changing in building characteristic.
 Type • INTERIOR DEMOLITION
of Demolition • Interior demolition is perhaps the
most unique of all types of
• STRUCTURAL demolition, with each project ranging
DEMOLITION from very simple to extremely
complex. Certain clients need only
• Complete structural
removal of architectural finishes or a
demolition refers to the
single wall; others require the removal
total dismantlement of a
of mechanical, plumbing, and electrical
building or structure. This
components. With these types of
includes removal of all
demolition projects, dust and logistics
materials down to the
are integral, takes special care and
foundation, hauling and
consideration to keep as much of the
disposal of debris.
construction area as contained and
undisturbed as possible.
1.1 Type/method
of Demolition Methods

Non-Explosive Explosive
Demolition Demolition

Excavators
Sledge Wrecking High Reach Falling like a Falling into its
and
hammer Balls Excavators tree own footprint
Bulldozers

Excavators
Hydraulic
with shear
hammers
attachments
 DEMOLITION TECHNIQUES
Explosives Mechanical
• Demolition ball
Compact machines use • Wire rope pulling
and access by lifting • Cutting by sawing

High reach machines Demolition by

chemical agent
Machinery
Remotely controlled
Demolition by hand machine and robotic devices
 Explosives
When explosives are used in demolition, specific consideration should be given to, e.g. the suitability of
the structure for demolition by explosives, techniques appropriate to the structure and location, and
associated exclusion zones. Where explosives are being used, the whole operation should be under the
close control of a competent explosives engineer

Examples of the main purposes for which explosives should be considered in demolition,
including partial demolition, are:

a. Deliberate collapse of concrete and masonry structures;

b. Deliberate collapse of steel structures;
c. Deliberate collapse of structures which contain combinations of steel, concrete and
masonry;
d. Breaking or shattering of objects such as concrete blocks and foundations;
e. full or partial removal of structural elements.
 Explosives
Each blast should be designed taking into account a number of factors, including:

a. The effect to be achieved;

b. The appropriate explosives types and system;
c. The number and weights of charges;
d. The method(s) of installation;
e. The locations of charges including the heights of placement;
f. The mass, types and strengths of materials to be displaced;
g. The sequential nature and effects of collapse initiation on other parts of the charged structure;
h. The probability, amount and extent to which debris will be projected;
types and extent of blast protection
Compact machines use and access by lifting
When compact machines (e.g. mini-excavators and skid-steer loaders) are used
for demolition on the upper floors of buildings, an assessment of the strength
of the floor should be made, taking into account the possibility that the
machine and a quantity of debris could eventually be supported on part of the
floor before being removed

Compact machines should be fitted with appropriate capacity hydraulic

attachments which can be used, e.g. for breaking out and cutting, handling,
processing and soft stripping.
Compact machines use and access by lifting
 High reach machines

It is important that the correct

position of the machine relative to
the work face should be maintained
and that the angle of the boom be
limited in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions to
ensure the safe operation and
stability of the machine.
Demolition by hand
Progressively demolished structures or elements of
structures can be demolished by operatives using hand-held
tools, however, risk assessments will usually demonstrate
that using remote demolition techniques, e.g. by machine
should be more appropriate. Mechanical assistance should
be considered to assist with any hand demolition, such as
lifting appliances for the lifting and lowering of elements
once they have been released
Mechanical : Demolition ball

Demolition by ball involves the progressive demolition of a

building by the use of a weight that is suspended from a
lifting appliance and then released to impact the structure,
repeatedly, in the same or different locations.

a. hoist the ball and release it to drop vertically;

b. winch the ball towards the machine and release it to
swing in line with the jib.
Mechanical : Wire rope pulling
This method of mechanical demolition involves attaching wire ropes to a structure, usually of
steel, and pulling the pre-weakened structure to the ground by winch or tracked plant.

wire rope pulling should not be used on brick or masonry structures.

When undertaking the risk assessment, the following considerations should be included:

a) wire rope pulling should only be used on structures where it is possible to

safely attach the ropes;
b) the provision of a second (stand-by) rope, in case the first rope breaks or
becomes detached;
c) ropes should be attached prior to any pre-weakening;
Mechanical : Cutting by sawing
Drilling and sawing methods are used to
weaken and/or remove parts of (or complete)
structures, particularly where work is in
confined spaces, in locations where a high
degree of accuracy is needed, or where the
noise, dust, smoke and vibration resulting
from other methods would be unacceptable
or inappropriate.
 Demolition by chemical agent
The selection and use of chemical agents such as explosives,
bursting agents and combustible gases should be undertaken
only by, or under the supervision of, appropriately trained
personnel as they are highly specialized activities.

It is an effective and safe expanding agent, which can

Example : be used to demolish concrete buildings . Mix the
expanding agent product with water and then fill the
slurry into the holes in the rocks or concrete. In 2 to 3
hours, the cracking or cutting process will start,
without causing any vibration, noise, rock blasting, or
Expansive Cracking Agent
harmful gases.
Remotely controlled machine and robotic devices

Consideration should be given to the use of remotely controlled machines

and robotic devices, particularly when hazardous or potentially dangerous
situations arise, thus isolating the operator from the work area and position
of risk.
Malaysia Common Practice Method: MS 2318
TOP DOWN Hybrid Method

Top down method discussed below is Top down method discussed below is
the method that proceeds from the the method that proceeds from the
roof to ground in a generate trend. roof to ground in a generate trend.
there are particular sequences of there are particular sequences of
demolition which may vary, depending demolition which may vary, depending
on site conditions and structural on site conditions and structural
elements to be demolished. elements to be demolished.
 TOP DOWN - SEQUENCE
Demolition sequence shall be determined according to actual site conditions,
restraints, the building layout, the structural layout and its construction. In
general, the following sequence shall apply
❑ All cantilevered structures canopies, verandas and features attached to the
external walls shall first be demolished prior to demolition of main building
and its internal structures on each floor;

❑ When demolishing the roof structure, all lift machine rooms and water tanks
at high level shall be demolished in "top down" sequence to the main roof
level. In demolishing the external wall or parapet wall shall apply;
 TOP DOWN - SEQUENCE
• Demolition of the floor slabs shall begin at mid span and work towards
the supporting beams;
• Floor beams shall be demolished in the order As follows:

1) cantilevered beams;

2)secondary beams; then

3) main beams.
 TOP DOWN - SEQUENCE
1. Cantilever beam
2. Secondary beam

3.Main beam
 TOP DOWN - SEQUENCE
Demolition from top

Various technic Demolish material

can be used: by segment are
• Remote control been lift down.
machine
• Chemical agent Segmental
• Hand tools demolish are been
• Hydraulic transport to
machinery crushing area out
from pulic to
minimize sound
and air pollution.

Demolition to bottom
Class Activity:
Example :

• Segmental
area.
• Profesional
Engineer need
to view for the
total loading of
the segment for
safe lift down.
• >2ton segment
area is
permitted or
lifting capacity
of designated
equipment.
 Hybrid Method
Is a combination of various demolition technic to achieve a safe, fast and economic
implementation of demolition work.

WHY HYBRID METHOD?

•Non-hacking method.
•Less noise and vibration.
•Safe demolition with the demolition machine based on the ground platform.
•Efficient and able to shorten project schedule.

Example: Hybrid demolition technique: Example: Hybrid demolition technique:

• High Reach Demolition • Remotely controlled machine and robotic
• Diamond Cutting and Lifting devices
• Chemical agent (Cracking agent Expansive
mortar and Lifting
 Hybrid
Method
Sequence
 1.2 Code of Practice

This Code of Practice outlines good practices for the planning and
implementation of demolition works for different types of buildings in Malaysia
aiming at minimising the risks of:
a. causing damage to persons and properties of the public;
b. endangering the hearth and safety of site personnel; and
c. damaging the neighbourhood environment.
 1.2 Code of Practice

The Code is intended to give guidelines for engineering practice and safe procedures
for various demolition methods for buildings and to provide guidance on the
compliance with requirements of the relevant acts and regulations. Aspects related
to environmental, occupational safety and health should be referenced to other
relevant requirements and regulations.
 1.2 Code of Practice

This Code covers methods commonly used in building demolition. Any other
demolition methods may also be used subject to careful consideration and
recommendations made by the Registered Professional Engineer and Registered
Specialist Contractor in the Demolition Category with the Construction Industries
Development Board (CIDB) (hereinafter referred to "Registered Specialist Contractor
(Demolition)". or their consultants based on well supported scientific research and
engineering assessment.
 1.2 Code of Practice

The code contains basic information for the practitioners and contractors
on better planning and control when carrying out demolition works. Users
of the code should exercise their own professional judgment in the
application of this code in selecting the most suitable demolition method.
1.2 Code of Practice
 1.2 Code of Practice

• BS6187: 2011 - British Standard

• MS 2318:2010(p)- Malaysia Standard
• Approved Code of Practice for Demolition 1992
( Health and Safety in Employement Act 1992) - New Zealand
End of topic for Week 1

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