Concept Paper 2

Trends and Issues in Andragogy and Pedagogy
I. Concept of the Research
Many countries acknowledge the importance of raising individuals who understand what
they read. Various researches are conducted to identify the extent of the students’ success
through different reading evaluation methods. The factors that may have affected it are
likewise identified. Moreover, being able to read is an avenue for personal and social
growth, thus, a child can fully view ever winding horizons and explore areas in the world
of people, things, and events through reading. It is vital in every individual, but some
students do not have full comprehension of what they read. In some cases, some students
know how to read and recognize words without understanding their meaning.
In this case, students face reading comprehension problem because they did not know the
meaning of words. With this, it can be presumed that reading is not easy to be mastered.
One must not only know the meaning of words, but it is also needed to comprehend the
entire material.
In recent years, several international studies have been conducted on the education
policies and their comparison with other countries. One of the international projects is the
Program for International Students Assessment (PISA) that evaluates students'
knowledge and skills in the fields of Mathematics, Science, and reading. The program
also conducts research to evaluate the extent of students’ basic knowledge and skills
required in modern society.
Today, most reading comprehension programs aimed to explicitly teach students reading
strategies using direct instruction however, students seemed unresponsive. As observed
by the researchers, there are high school sophomore who are still non-readers. Several of
them cannot grasp simple recall of details from the material they read. As a result, this
situation may affect not only their English subject, but also other subjects including
Science.
Furthermore, recent studies showed that reading comprehension has great contributions
to students in learning Science. Not all approaches appeared to be equally effective, but
most studies reported significant positive effects on reading proficiency in science.
Similarly, it has become a focus to be consider in terms of educational systems and
administration around the world in the last decade.
In addition, the researcher is highly motivated to study the relationship between the level
of performance of the students in reading comprehension skills and their performance in
Chemistry during the new educational setting, called the new normal. The current mode
of pedagogical delivery implemented by the school as prescribed by DepEd, the modular
distance learning may totally affect the performance of the learners. The students are
likely to perform less in the said modality compared to the traditional face-to-face
learning.
Science is considered as the most important core courses among others in the secondary
schools. This subject requires good reading comprehension skills of the students to
understand Science texts, to avoid further learning problems. Thus, the study aims to
determine the reading comprehension skills and the level of performance of grade 8
students in Chemistry in Tabaco National High School for the school year 2022-2023
using the Self Learning Modules (SLMs) as instruments. The researchers decided to use
the topics for the third quarter on the SLMs of grade 8 which is about Chemistry in
preparation for next grading period. Therefore, the present study could determine
problems in teaching and learning process and further aim to provide solutions for better
learning and propose sustainable action towards development.
This study aims to determine the reading comprehension skills and the level of
performance of Grade 8 students in Chemistry, Tabaco National High School, for the
school year 2022-2023.
Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What are the reading comprehension skills of the students in terms of:
a. literal,
b. inferential,
c. critical, and
d. applied?
2. What is the level of performance of the students in chemistry along:
a. The Particle Nature of Matter
b. Atoms, and
c. Periodic Table
3. Is there a significant relationship between the reading comprehension skills of the
students and their level of performance in chemistry along identified topics?
The practice of effective reading comprehension skills is essential to enhance the extent
of comprehension among students. Therefore, language instructors are required to
implement adequate reading strategies to improve comprehension and facilitate critical
thinking in understanding complex text. Reading comprehension is comprised of
complicated factors; mainly comprising of cognitive, linguistic and socio-cultural
variables, due to which the development of an effective reading strategy is difficult for
language instructors (Alenizi,2019; Ismail and Tawalbeh, 2015).
Also, Hall et al (2014) contribute to the growing body of literature showing the
importance of reading comprehension in Science performance. Furthermore, the
significant interaction between reading comprehension and word count underlines that
items in linguistics have characteristics that may not have the same consequences in
different test makers. They vary, however, as pre- requisite function for the test makers.
The above cited literatures find relevance to the present study. Both focuses on the
importance of reading comprehension skills. For them, language instructors are required
to implement adequate reading strategies to improve the reading comprehension of the
students. The present study needs to determine the reading comprehension skills of the
students because they could affect their level of performance.
This study will determine the reading comprehension skills and the level of performance
in Chemistry of the 35 Grade 8 students of Tabaco National High School, during the
school year 2022-2023.
The descriptive-correlational method will be use in this research because it determined
the relationship between the reading comprehension skills and the level of performance in
Chemistry of the 35 Grade 8 students involved in the study. The statistical tools used in
this study are mean and Pearson r. Test will be use to gather the data from the
respondents using a teacher-made test for reading comprehension skills and the adapted
self-learning modules for grade 8 in Chemistry. It will utilize the evaluation part as the
basis to measure the level of performance of the students in the subject.
II. Preliminary structure:
Abstract
Chapter I – Introduction
Background of the study
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Chapter II – Review of Related Literature
Conceptual Framework
Related Literature
Research Hypothesis
Definition of Terms
III. Chapter III – Methodology

Research Design
The sample
The Instrument
Data Collection Procedure
Plan for Data Analysis
IV. Chapter IV – Presentation and Analysis of Data
Presentation and Analysis
Thinking Dispositions
Contrast Between Self-directed and Self-taught Education
Visible Thinking Approach
Thinking Skills
Ability
Inclination
Sensitivity
V. Chapter V –Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
III. Preliminary list of references:
Hall, L.A.(2012). The role of reading identities and reading abilities in students
discussions about texts and comprehension strategies. Journal of Literacy
Research,44(3), 239-272.doi:10.1177/1086296X12445370
Hall,S.S., Kowalski, R., Paterson, K.B.,Basran J., Filik,R.,

& Maltby, J. (2014). Local text cohesion, reading ability and individual science
aspirations: ket factors influencing comprehension in science classes. British
Educational Research Journal, 41, 122-142.https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3134.
Alenizi, M.A.K.(2019).Understanding of Reading among Teachers and learners: A

Descriptive Study of Pre-university English Language Teaching/Learning in Saudi
Arabia. Arab World English Journal,10. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3418530
Statistics How To (2021). Retrieved from:

https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/statistics-definitions/
cronbachs-alpha-spss/
Zuhra. (2015). Senior high school students’ difficulties in reading comprehension.

English education Journal,430-441

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Trends and Issues in Andragogy and Pedagogy

I. Concept of the Research

III. Chapter III – Methodology

Hall,S.S., Kowalski, R., Paterson, K.B.,Basran J., Filik,R.,

Alenizi, M.A.K.(2019).Understanding of Reading among Teachers and learners: A

Statistics How To (2021). Retrieved from:

Zuhra. (2015). Senior high school students’ difficulties in reading comprehension.

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