Banana: Balbisiana, Depending On Their Genomic Constitution - Bananas Are Vigorously Growing

Banana
Introduction
Banana is the fruit of a plant of the genus Musa (family Musaceae), which is cultivated
primarily for food and secondarily for the production of fibre used in the textile industry are
also cultivated for ornamental purposes. Almost all the modern edible parthenocarpic bananas
come from the two wild species – Musa acuminataMusa balbisiana. The scientific names of
bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana or hybrids of Musa acuminata and
balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution.Bananas are vigorously growing,
monocotyledonous herbaceous plants.The banana is not a tree but a high herb that can attain up
to 15 meters of height. The cultivars vary greatly in plant an d fruit size, plant morphology, fruit
quality and disease and insect resistance. Most bananas have a sweet flavor when ripe;
exceptions to this are cooking bananas and plantains. Plantains are hybrid bananas in which the
male flowering axis is either degenerated, lacking, or possess relicts of male flowers. Plantains
are always cooked before consumption and are higher in starch than bananas. The two groups of
plantains, French and Horn, produce fewer fruit per plant than sweet bananas. The groups differ
in whether the male parts of the inflorescence are present or absent.
Varieties
Dessert
Robusta, Dwarf Cavendish, Grand Naine, Rasthali, Vayal vazhai, Poovan, Nendran, Red
Banana, Karpooravalli, Co.1, Matti, Sannachenkadali, Udayam and Neypoovan are popular
varieties in banana. Cavendish groups are generally prefered in export market.
Culinary
Monthan, Vayal vazhai, Ash Monthan and Chakkia are cultivated for culinary purpose. Nendran
is a dual purpose variety used for dessert and culinary.
Hill areas
The popular varieties of bananas suitable for hilly areas are Virupakshi, Sirumalai and Namarai.
Red Banana, Manoranjitham (Santhana vazhai) and Ladan are also cultivated in hills.
oil and Climate

Well drained loamy soils are suitable for banana cultivation. Alkaline and saline soils should be
avoided.
Season of planting
Wet lands Garden lands Hill Banana Padugai lands
Poovan, Rasthali, Banana can be April – May (lower In Padugai lands, the
Monthan, cultivated in garden Palani hills), June – crop can be cultivated
Karpooravalli and lands during January – August (Sirumalai) are during January –
Neypoovan can be February and the suitable seasons for February and August –
cultivated during November – cultivating hill banana. September.
February – April. December.
Nendran and Robusta

can be cultivated during
April – May.
Selection and pre-treatment of suckers

Select sword suckers of 1.5 to 2.0 kg weight which are free from diseases and nematodes. Trim
the roots and decayed portion of the corm, cut the pseudostem leaving 20 cm from the corm and
grade the suckers to size. To avoid wilt disease in Rasthali, Monthan, Virupakshi and other wilt
susceptible varieties, infected portions of the corm may be pared and dipped for 5 minutes in
0.1% Emisan solution (1 g in 1 lit of water). Pralinage is done with 40 g of Carbofuran 3 G
granules per sucker. (Dip the corm in slurry solution containing 4 parts clay plus 5 parts water
and sprinkle Carbofuran to control nematodes). Alternatively, dip the corm with 0.75%
Monocrotophos, shade dry for atleast 24 hours and plant. Sow Sunhemp on 45th day; incorporate
it after about a month.This operation reduces nematode build up. Use tissue cultured banana
plants with 5-6 leaves. At the time of planting, apply 25 g Pseudomonas fluorescence / plant.
Field preparation
Wet lands
No preparatory cultivation is necessary.
Garden land
2 – 4 ploughings are required before planting.
Padugai
One deep spade digging is essential.
Hill Banana
Clean the jungle and construct contour stone walls before planting.
Digging Pits
Wet lands
Place the suckers at ground level and earth up at stages.
.No. System of Planting Planting Distance Plant population /ha

1. Dwarf Cavendish 1.5 x 1.5 4440
2. Robusta and Nendran 1.8 x 1.8 3080
Rasthali, Poovan, Karpooravalli,
3. 2.1 x 2.1 2260
Monthan
4. Paired row 1.2 x 1.2 x 2.0 5200
5. 2-Suckers /hill 1.8 x 3.6 3200
6. 3-Suckers/hill 1.8 x 3.6 4800
rrigation
Irrigate immediately after planting; give life irrigation after 4 days; subsequent irrigations are to
be given once in a week for garden land bananas and once in 10 – 15 days for wetlands. Irrigate
the fields copiously after every manure application. Use drip irrigation @ 5-10 litres/plant/day
from planting to 4th month, 10-15 litres/plant/day from 5th to shooting and 15 litres /plant/day
from shooting to till 15 days prior to harvest.
Drip Irrigation Schedule
Quantity of Water
S.No Crop Growth Stage Duration (Weeks)
(1/Plant)
1. After Planting 1-4 4
2. Juvenile Phase 5-9 8-10
3. Critical Growth Stage 10-19 12
4. Flower bud differentiation Stage 20-32 16-20
5. Shooting Stage 33-37 20 and above
6. Bunch Development Stage 38 x 50 20 and above
Fertigation Scheduling
Units / day Kg/ha/day

Stage
N P2O5 K2O N P2O5 K2O
Days after Planting
1- 150 days 3 2 1 3.24 0.82 1.03
151 - 240 days 1 3 2 1.08 1.23 2.06
241 - 270 days 1 1 2 1.08 0.41 2.06
271 - 360 days 0 0 3 0.00 0.00 3.08
Fertigation for tissue culture banana
After cultivation
Garden Land
Digging at monthly intervals and
earthing up of soil will facilitate better
establishment of plants. Desuckering
should be done at monthly intervals.
The dry and diseased leaves are
removed and burnt to control the
spread of leaf spot diseases. Male
flowers may be removed a week after
opening of last hand. In Robusta
banana, floral ruminants may be
removed a week after opening of the
last hand to avoid ‘fingertip disease’.
The plants at flowering stage may be
propped. Cover the peduncle with flag
leaf to prevent main stalk end
rot. Cover the bunch with banana
leaves to avoid sunscald. Polythene
bunch cover will improve the external
appearance of banana fruits.
Wetland
Form trenches in between alternate
rows and cross trenches at every 5th
row. The trenches are periodically
deepened and the soil is spread over
the bed. Surface diggings may be
given at bi-monthly intervals and
desuckering at monthly intervals.
Remove the male flower a week after
opening of last hand.
Prop plants at or prior to flowering. Cover the peduncle with flag leaf and the bunch with leaves
to avoid sunscald. For ratoon crops in respect of Poovan, Monthan and Rasthali allow the
follower at flowering stage of the mother plant and remove the other suckers during harvest.
Perennial banana
Surface digging should be done once in two months. One deep digging may be given during
January – February. Other operations should be done as similar in garden land.
Hill banana
Give four forkings in January, April, July and October. Remove outer sheaths to keep the corm
inside the soil and ward off borer. Maintain two bearing plants and two followers per clump
along the contour.
Growth regulators
To improve the grade of bunches 2, 4-D at 25 ppm (25 mg/lit) may be sprayed on Poovan and Co
1 banana after the last hand has emerged. This will also help to remove seediness in Poovan
variety. Spray CCC 1000 ppm at 4th and 6th month after planting.
Micronutrients
Spray micronutrients viz., ZnSO4 (0.5%), FeSO4 (0.2%), CuSO4 (0.2%) and H3BO3 (0.1%) and
3, 5 and 7 MAP to increase yield and quality of banana.
iseases
Sigatoka leaf spot
Remove affected leaves and burn. Spray any one of the following fungicides commencing from
November at monthly interval. Carbendazim 1 g/lit., Benomyl 1 g/lit., Mancozeb 2 g/lit.,
Copper oxychloride 2.5 g/lit., Ziram 2 ml/lit,
Chlorothalonil 2 g/lit. Alternation of fungicides for every spray prevents fungicidal resistance.
Always add 5 ml of wetting agent like Sandovit, Triton AE, Teepol etc. per 10 lit of spray fluid.
Panama Disease
Uproot and destroy severely affected plants. Apply lime at 1 – 2 kg in the pits after removal of
the affected plants. In the field, Panama wilt disease can be prevented by corm injection
methods. A small portion of soil is removed to expose the upper portion of the corm. An oblique
hole at 45° angle is made to a depth of 10 cm. Immediately, a gelatin capsule containing 60 mg
of Carbendazim or 3 ml of 2 % Carbendazim solution or capsule application for 50 mg
of Pseudomonas fluorescens is injected into the hole with the help of ‘corm injector’ on 2nd, 4th
and 6th month after planting.
Fusarium wilt
Management
• Varieties Poovan, Robusta, Moongil show resistance.

• Rasthali, Monthan, Karpooravalli susceptible to the disease.
• Flood fallowing the infected fields. Raise paddy for one season to suppress the pathogen.
• Nematodes predispose the pathogen, paring and paralinage with carbofuran 40g / rhizome
and 10 g of P.fluoroscens .
• Removal of infected trees and application of lime @1-2 Kg/pit.
• Capsule application of carbendazim or P.fluoroscens @ 60 mg/capsule/tree on 2nd, 4th
and 6th month after planting. The capsule is applied in the corm by making a hole of 10
cm depth at 45°.
• Corm injection with 3 ml of 2% carbendazim.
• Spot drench with carbendazim 0.1%.
• ottaivazhai in Poovan
Spray 2,4 – D at the rate of 25 ppm within 20 days after opening of last hand
(1 g/40 lit/200 bunches) or 1.2 g of Sodium salt of 2,4 – D dissolved in 40 lit of water for
200 bunches.
•
• Crop duration
The bunches will be ready for harvest after 12 to 15 months of planting.
• Harvest
Bunches attain maturity from 100 to 150 days after flowering depending on variety, soil,
weather condition and elevation.
• Yield (t/ha/year)
Poovan : 40 – 50
Monthan : 30 – 40
Rasthali : 40 – 50
Robusta : 50 – 60
Dwarf
: 50 – 60
Cavendish
•
• Market information
Growing Districts Coimbatore, Erode, Thoothukudi, Tirunelveli, Trichy,

Vellore,Kanyakumari and Karur districts
Major Markets in Tamil Nadu Trichy, Coimbatore, Theni
Preferred Varieties and Hybrids Grand Naine, Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Rasthali, Poovan,
Nendran, Red Banana, Ney Poovan, Pachanadan, Monthan,
Karpuravalli
Grade Specification The hands are graded based on the number and size of
fingers in each hand.
Overripe and injured fruits are discarded.
Banana is sent to the local market as bunches.

Banana: Balbisiana, Depending On Their Genomic Constitution - Bananas Are Vigorously Growing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Banana: Balbisiana, Depending On Their Genomic Constitution - Bananas Are Vigorously Growing

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Banana: Balbisiana, Depending On Their Genomic Constitution - Bananas Are Vigorously Growing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Banana

oil and Climate

Nendran and Robusta

Selection and pre-treatment of suckers

.No. System of Planting Planting Distance Plant population /ha

Drip Irrigation Schedule

Units / day Kg/ha/day

Fertigation for tissue culture banana

Sigatoka leaf spot

• Varieties Poovan, Robusta, Moongil show resistance.

Growing Districts Coimbatore, Erode, Thoothukudi, Tirunelveli, Trichy,

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.