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Chemistry Assignment 2022

The document discusses ionic radii and ionization energy. It explains that ionic radii decreases from Na+ to Si4+ due to increasing nuclear charge, and is larger for P3- than Si4+ due to greater shielding. It also explains that nitrogen has a higher first ionization energy than oxygen despite being larger, because nitrogen has a half-filled versus partially filled outer shell. Finally, it analyzes ionization energy data to determine properties of element Y, identifying it as aluminum which forms the amphoteric oxide aluminum oxide.

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sylvia anne
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112 views3 pages

Chemistry Assignment 2022

The document discusses ionic radii and ionization energy. It explains that ionic radii decreases from Na+ to Si4+ due to increasing nuclear charge, and is larger for P3- than Si4+ due to greater shielding. It also explains that nitrogen has a higher first ionization energy than oxygen despite being larger, because nitrogen has a half-filled versus partially filled outer shell. Finally, it analyzes ionization energy data to determine properties of element Y, identifying it as aluminum which forms the amphoteric oxide aluminum oxide.

Uploaded by

sylvia anne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PART A : Infographic

PART B : Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

1. i) Variation of ionic radii from Na+ to Si4+

Na+, Mg2+, Al3+ and Si4+ are known as positive ions (cations). All cations have the same electronic
configuration which is 1s2 2s2 2p6 that is called as isoelectronic configuration. From Na+ to Si4+, the
proton number increases causing the Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff) to increase within the same shell
(n=3). As a result, the attraction between nucleus and the valence electrons become stronger causing
the electron cloud shrink. Thus, the ionic radii decreases from Na+ to Si4+.

ii) Variation of ionic radii between Si4+ and P3-

Si4+ : 1s2 2s2 2p6


P3- : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

P3- ion has an additional shell which is n=3 compared to Si4+ ion which is n=2. This causes the
shielding effect in P3- ion to be greater than in Si4+ ion because the valence electrons in P3- ion are
shielded by more number of inner electrons. Therefore, the attraction of nucleus towards the valence
electrons in P3- ion is weaker than in Si4+ ion. The valence electrons in P3- ion will be held more loosely
compared to the valence electrons in Si4+ ion. Thus, the ionic radii of P3- ion is greater than Si4+ ion.

iii) Variation of ionic radii from P3- to Cl-

Whereas, Cl-, S2- and P3- are known as negative ions (anions). All anions have the same electronic
configuration which is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 that is called as isoeletronic configuration. From P3- to Cl-,
the proton number increases causing the Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff) to increase. Therefore, the
attraction between nucleus and the valence electrons become stronger causing the electron cloud
shrink from P3- to Cl-. Thus, the ionic radii decreases from P3- to Cl-.

2. Electronic configuration of nitrogen, N is 1s2 2s2 2p3 while electronic configuration of oxygen, O is
1s2 2s2 2p4. The electron in 2p level have same energy level. This shows that the first valence electron
that will be removed in N is located in the half-filled orbital while the first electron that will be
removed in O is located in the partially-filled orbital. Therefore, more energy is required to remove
an electron from half-filled 2p orbital in N which is more stable than the partially-filled p orbital of
O, which is less stable and need less energy. Thus, the first ionization energy of N is higher than O
even though O is smaller than N.
PART C : Numeracy Skill

3. Ionization IE 2 IE 3 IE 4 IE 5
energy IE 1 IE 2 IE 3 IE 4
Ratio 2427 3658 25024 28500
¿ 3.03 ¿ 1.51 ¿ 6.84 ¿ 1.14
800 2427 3658 25024

a) The above calculation shows that there is a sudden increase in ionization energy from IE3 to IE4
for element Y. The fourth electron is removed from the inner shell which has stable noble gas
electron configuration and closer to nucleus. Therefore, more energy is required to remove the
fourth electron. Thus, it has 3 valence electrons. It is located in Group 13 with an electronic
configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 and valence electronic configuration of 3s2 3p1. Hence, it is
located in Period 3 which is p-block.

b) Element Y is Aluminium, Al.

c) 4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3


Aluminium oxide is an amphoteric oxide. This is because aluminium can react with acid and base.

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