Estimation of Out Put of Ripper (Akash)

Estimation of out put of Ripper (method)
Ripper: - An excavator ripper is a tool that fits on the arm of an excavating machine (usually
an excavator or backhoe). Its purpose is to help move large pieces of brush, trees, and debris.
Using special tips on the end of its arms, the ripper can cut through almost any object with
minimal effort from the operator.
Component of ripper
 The main components are

1. TIP(Point): - which inter the rock structure by wedge action, splitting and braking the
rock
2. The shank: - which holds the point and shank protector
3. The tool bar: - the heavy transverse box section, to which are attached shanks and
which is raised and lowered and inclined by power assembly
4. The push block: - a tractor bulldozer pushed against the push block so as to increase
the tip pull of the leading tractor ripper in order to rip out prism of extremely hard
rock
5. The power assembly: - consisting of arms and hydraulic cylinders for raising and
lowering and including tool bars with its attaches shank
Methods of Ripper Production Calculation

1. Theoretical Method
2. Cross Section Method
3. Time Spent Method
4. Field Procedure
Theoretical Method
 The output of a ripper in parallel passes
 Were,
 heft = effective loosening depth (m)
 Ku = Ripper utilization factor (0.7-0.8)
 Vr = Ripping velocity m/s
 T = Time of travel to the next furrow, s (30-60)
 L = Length of the parallel cut (m)
 The out put of a ripper in parallel – cross passes
 Were,
 ht = tooth penetration in ground (m)
 Ku = ripper utilization factor (0.7-0.8)
 Vr = ripping velocity m/s
 T = time to travel to the next furrow, s (30-60)
 L’= length of cross cut (m)
 C= distance between adjacent pass (m)
 C’= distance between adjacent pass (m)
Ripper Velocity Vr m/s
Sr. Rock Ripper velocity Vr m/s

No
0.1 Dense rock with boulder inclusion, hard coal, 0.9-1.5
cemented mass of rock debris, broken shales
0.2 Soft lime stone, shales, marl, chalk, opoka, gypsum, 0.8-1.2
harden and frozen clay
0.3 Highly jointed, strong lime stones, sandstone and 0.6-1.2

shales
0.4 Medium jointed lime stones, dolomites, sandstones, 0.4-0.8

marble, clay shale
Cross Section Method
 the best method is to cross section the area

 then record the time spent in ripping
 after the material is removed cross section is again determine
 measured average ripping depth
 area multiply with average depth will give volume
 volume divided by time spent in ripping rate in cubic meter/hour
Time Spent Method
 In this method record the time of ripping

 Load the ripped material in scrapper or dumper and estimate the average load and
number of dumper/scrappers loaded
 Average load multiply by no of load will give ripping rate in cubic meter/hour
Factor effecting Ripper Production and Cost
 Type of rock to be ripped: - Sedimentary rock easy for ripping while igneous &
metamorphic rock are difficult to rip
 Degree of weathering of rock
 Method of ripping
 Ripping speed
 Ripping length
 Operator skill
 Condition and type of ripper
 Operating and management efficiency
 Spacing and depth of furrow
 Fragility and crystalline construction of rock
 Well-known fracture plane
 Existence of moisture content
 More the grain size: - coarser the grain-size more it is suitable for ripping
 Union of different type of rock
 Specific energy
 Various physical properties of strata such as compressive strength tensile strength,
shear strength etc.
Productivity Level of Ripper

Calculation of productivity level is done by volume is length times wide and depth.
The productivity of the ripper is calculated as a measure of the ability of the ripper to
disassemble the material which is then expressed in volume per unit time, generally
m3/hour. The calculation of productivity level is based on Volume by length, where
in this method a ripper will complete a measured trajectory line then record how much
time it takes, starting from the beginning of point ripper begin to start to plug into
rock layer until finish one track renewal. The volume of material is calculated based
on the width of trace of ripper, depth of penetration and the length of the renewal
trajectory. On observations made over 10 days with 10 different observations with
rock types are sandstone and siltstone.
Table 1. List of length, width and depth of ripper
No Length (m) Width (m) Depth (m) Time (s) Name of rock
01. 11.50 0.83 0.70 30.12 Siltstone
02. 11.50 0.83 0.71 29.45 Siltstone
03. 11.50 0.83 0.70 27.56 Siltstone
04. 11.50 0.83 0.70 28.90 Siltstone
05. 11.50 0.83 0.73 28.00 Siltstone
06. 11.80 0.83 0.70 31.10 Siltstone
07. 11.80 0.83 0.69 30.80 Siltstone
08. 11.80 0.83 0.70 30.20 Siltstone
09. 11.8 0.83 0.7 29.2 Siltstone
10. 11.8 0.83 0.7 27.23 Siltstone
Avg 11.65 0.83 0.70 29.26 Siltstone
Primary data from Pit S12GN Kitadin. Pt. Embault.
Table 1: Characteristics of overburden rock at open pit mine Bangko Barat
Type of rock Compressive Cohesion (MPa Quartz content

strength (MPa) (%)
Silty Claystone 3.69 0.028 58.5
Silty Sandstone 4.71 0.057 60.2
Tuffaceous 5.65 0.099 62.4

Sandstone
Sandstone 6.31 0.190 67.6
Table 2: Wearing of ripper tip and production of excavator
Type of Rock Wearing rate of Initial Production Average

Ripper tip of excavator production of
(mm/hr) (m3/hr) excavator (m3/hr)
for 10 h.
Silty Claystone 1.60 490.0 470.7
Silty Sandstone 14.90 358.7 349.1
Tuffaceous Sandstone 23.70 350.0 325.7
Sandstone 57.90 240.8 217.4

Figure 5: Effects of (a) compressive strength; (b) cohesion and (c) quartz content on the
wearing rate of ripping tip
Conclusion
Characteristics of rock commonly found as overburden material at open coal mining area at
Bangko Barat South Sumatra, Indonesia was studied. There are for group of material i.e.,
sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, silty sandstone and silty claystone. Field observation was
conducted on the performance of caterpillar D9R bulldozer with single shank. The following
conclusions can be derived from the study: 1. All materials have low compressive strength of
less than 7 MPa (3.69 – 6.31MPa) but ripping is required for excavation because based on
initial productivity (240.8 and 490 m3/h), the excavation could be classified as medium to
hard digging. 2. The materials contain high percentage of quartz (58 – 68%), thus they can be
classified as hard material. The quartz content is the most influential factor in the
performance of ripper tip during excavation. 3. The highest wear rate of ripper tips occurred
on the excavation of sandstone i.e., 57.9 mm/h. with optimum service life of 4.8 h. The wear
rate of tuffaceous sandstone, silty sandstone, and silty claystone are 23.7 mm/h, 14.9 mm/h
and 1.6 mm/h respectively. However, study also shows that the actual wear rate is not
constant. 4. The service life of ripper tip is determined when the extent of damage at the tip
reached 400mm. Thus, prediction of the optimum service life of ripper tip for excavation on
sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, silty sandstone, and silty claystone are 7h, 15 h, 26 h, and
250 h respectively. 5. Ripping productivity decreases as the wearing of ripper tip increases
and the wearing rate of ripper tip increases as the rock material contains higher quartz
content.

Estimation of Out Put of Ripper (Akash)

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Estimation of out put of Ripper (method)

 The main components are

Methods of Ripper Production Calculation

Ripper Velocity Vr m/s

Sr. Rock Ripper velocity Vr m/s

0.3 Highly jointed, strong lime stones, sandstone and 0.6-1.2

0.4 Medium jointed lime stones, dolomites, sandstones, 0.4-0.8

 the best method is to cross section the area

Time Spent Method

 In this method record the time of ripping

Factor effecting Ripper Production and Cost

Productivity Level of Ripper

Table 1. List of length, width and depth of ripper

Type of rock Compressive Cohesion (MPa Quartz content

Silty Sandstone 4.71 0.057 60.2

Tuffaceous 5.65 0.099 62.4

Type of Rock Wearing rate of Initial Production Average

Silty Sandstone 14.90 358.7 349.1

Tuffaceous Sandstone 23.70 350.0 325.7

Sandstone 57.90 240.8 217.4

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