Astm G85-11

Designation: G85 − 11
Standard Practice for

Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G85; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1141 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean

1.1 This practice covers and sets forth conditions for five Water
modifications in salt spray (fog) testing for specification D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
purposes. These are in chronological order of their develop- D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
ment: Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
1.1.1 Annex A1, acetic acid-salt spray test, continuous. E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
1.1.2 Annex A2, cyclic acidified salt spray test. Glass Electrode
1.1.3 Annex A3, seawater acidified test, cyclic (SWAAT).
1.1.4 Annex A4, SO2 salt spray test, cyclic. 3. Significance and Use
1.1.5 Annex A5, dilute electrolyte cyclic fog dry test. 3.1 This practice is applicable to ferrous and nonferrous
1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of metals; also organic and inorganic coatings. The variations
modification, test specimen or exposure periods to be used for described herein are useful when a different or more corrosive
a specific product, nor the interpretation to be given to the environment than the salt fog described in Practice B117 is
results. desired.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 4. Apparatus
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 4.1 Cabinet:
1.3.1 Exception—Fahrenheit temperature values are given 4.1.1 The apparatus required for salt spray (fog) testing
for information only throughout this practice. consists of a fog chamber, a salt solution reservoir, a supply of
suitably conditioned compressed air, one or more atomizing
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the nozzles, specimen supports, provision for heating the chamber,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the and necessary means of control. The size and detailed con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and struction of the cabinet are optional, provided the conditions
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter- obtained meet the requirements of this practice. The material of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. construction shall be such that it will not affect the corrosive-
ness of the fog. Suitable apparatus that may be used to obtain
2. Referenced Documents these conditions is described in Appendix X1 of Practice B117
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 with necessary modifications described in each annex of this
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus practice.
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels 4.1.2 Design the cabinet so that drops of solution that
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and accumulate on the ceiling or cover of the chamber do not fall
Related Coating Products on the specimens being tested. Do not return drops of solution
that fall from the specimens to the solution reservoir for
respraying.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion 4.1.3 Equip the cabinet with one or more timing devices to
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory provide for intermittent spraying or periodic introduction of a
Corrosion Tests. gas, or both.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as G85–09. DOI: 4.2 Air Supply:
10.1520/G0085-11.
2
4.2.1 Make sure the compressed air supply to the nozzle or
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
nozzles for atomizing the salt solution is free of oil and dirt and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on maintain the air supply between 69 and 172 kPa (10 and 25
the ASTM website. psi).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Jun 14 04:37:08 EDT 2016
1
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G85 − 11
NOTE 1—The air supply may be freed of oil and dirt by passing it for the material(s) being tested, or as agreed upon between the
through a water scrubber or at least 610 mm (2 ft) of suitable cleaning purchaser and supplier. Otherwise, make sure the test speci-
material such as asbestos, sheep’s wool, or activated alumina.
mens consist of steel meeting the requirements of Practice
4.2.2 Temperature in the saturator tower (bubble tower) D609; clean and prepare the specimens for coating in accor-
varies depending on the test method used. dance with applicable procedure of Practice D609.
4.3 Conditions in Salt-Spray Chamber: 5.2.3 Whenever it is desired to determine the development
4.3.1 Temperature—The temperature in the exposure zone of corrosion from an abraded area in the paint or organic
varies with the test method used. For recommended exposure coating, make a scratch or scribed line through the coating with
zone temperatures for the various methods, see the annexes in a sharp instrument so that the underlying metal is exposed
this practice. Each set point and its tolerance represents an before testing. Use the conditions of making the scratch as
operational control point for equilibrium conditions at a single defined in Test Method D1654, unless otherwise agreed upon
location in the cabinet which may not necessarily represent the between the purchaser and seller.
uniformity of conditions throughout the cabinet. Record the 5.2.4 Protect the cut edges of plated, coated, or duplex
temperature within the exposure zone of the closed cabinet at materials and areas that contain identification marks or that are
least twice a day at least 7 h apart (except on weekends and in contact with the racks or supports with a suitable coating that
holidays, when the salt spray test is not interrupted for is stable under the conditions of the test, such as ceresin wax,
exposing, rearranging, or removing test specimens or to check unless otherwise specified.
and replenish the solution in the reservoir). NOTE 4—Should it be desirable to cut test specimens from parts or from
NOTE 2—Suitable methods to record the temperature are a continuous preplated, painted, or otherwise coated-steel sheet, protect the cut edges
recording device or a thermometer which can be read from outside the by coating them with paint, wax, tape, or other effective media so that the
closed cabinet. Obtain the recorded temperature with the salt spray development of preferential attack or a galvanic effect between such edges
chamber closed to avoid a false low reading because of wet-bulb effect and the adjacent plated or otherwise coated-metal surfaces, is prevented.
when the chamber is open.
6. Salt Solutions
4.3.2 Atomization and Quantity of Fog—Place at least two
clean fog collectors within the exposure zone so that no drops 6.1 Make the salt solutions by using either synthetic sea salt
of solution from the test specimens or any other source can be in accordance with Practice D1141 or sodium chloride in
collected. Position the collectors in the proximity of the test accordance with Practice B117, unless otherwise specified in
specimens, one nearest to any nozzle and the other farthest the appropriate annex. Make-up water shall be distilled or
from all nozzles. Make sure that for each 80 cm2 of horizontal- deionized water conforming to Type IV water in Specification
collecting area fog accumulates in each collector from 1.0 to D1193 (except that for this practice, limits for chlorides and
2.0 mL of solution per hour based on an average run of at least sodium may be ignored).
16 h continuous spray. 6.2 Synthetic Sea Salt Solution (see Annex A3)—Make the
salt solution so that it consists of 42 g of synthetic sea salt in
NOTE 3—Suitable collecting devices are glass funnels with the stems
inserted through stoppers into graduated cylinders or crystallizing dishes. accordance with Practice D1141 per litre of solution (see Note
Funnels and dishes with a diameter of 100 mm have an area of about 80 5).
cm2.
6.3 Sodium Chloride Solution (Except Annex A3 and Annex
4.3.3 Direct or baffle the nozzle or nozzles so that none of A5):
the spray can impinge directly on the test specimens. Prepare the salt solution by dissolving 5 6 1 parts by weight
of sodium chloride in 95 parts of water conforming to Type IV
5. Test Specimens water in Specification D1193 (except that for this practice,
5.1 Define the type and number of test specimens to be used, limits for chlorides and sodium may be ignored) containing not
as well as the criteria for the evaluation of the test results in the more than 200 ppm of total solids (see Note 5). Halides
specifications covering the material or product being tested or (Bromide, Fluoride, and Iodide) other than Chloride shall
upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller. constitute less than 0.1 % by mass of the salt content. Copper
5.2 Preparation of Test Specimens: content shall be less than 0.3 ppm by mass. Sodium chloride
5.2.1 Clean metallic and metallic-coated specimens. The that has had anti-caking agents added shall not be used because
cleaning method is optional depending on the nature of the such agents may act as corrosion inhibitors (see Note 6). See
surface and the contaminants; however, when using a cleaning Table 1 for a listing of these impurity restrictions. Upon
method do not include in the contents abrasives other than a agreement between the purchaser and the seller, analysis may
paste of pure magnesium oxide nor of solvents which may
form corrosive or inhibitive films. The use of nitric acid TABLE 1 Maximum Allowable Limits for Impurity Levels in
solution for the chemical cleaning, or passivation, of stainless Sodium Chloride
steel specimens is permissible when agreed upon between the Impurity Description Allowable Amount
purchaser and the seller. Take care that specimens are not Total Impurities #0.3%
recontaminated after cleaning by excessive or careless han- Halides (Bromide, Fluoride and Iodide) < 0.1 %
dling. excluding Chloride
Copper < 0.3 ppm
5.2.2 Prepare specimens for evaluation of paints and other Anti-caking Agents None Added
organic coatings in accordance with applicable specification(s)
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TABLE 2 Temperature versus Density Data
Density, g/cm3
Temperature, °C (°F) 4% Salt 5% Salt 6% Salt
Concentration Concentration Concentration
20 (68) 1.025758 1.032360 1.038867
21 (69.8) 1.025480 1.032067 1.038560
22 (71.6) 1.025193 1.031766 1.038245
23 (73.4) 1.024899 1.031458 1.037924
24 (75.2) 1.024596 1.031142 1.037596
25 (77) 1.024286 1.030819 1.037261
26 (78.8) 1.023969 1.030489 1.036919
27 (80.6) 1.023643 1.030152 1.036570
28 (82.4) 1.023311 1.029808 1.036215
29 (84.2) 1.022971 1.029457 1.035853
30 (86) 1.022624 1.029099 1.035485
31 (87.8) 1.022270 1.028735 1.035110
32 (89.6) 1.021910 1.028364 1.034729
33 (91.4) 1.021542 1.027986 1.034343
34 (93.2) 1.021168 1.027602 1.033950
35 (95) 1.020787 1.027212 1.033551
36 (96.8) 1.020399 1.026816 1.033146
37 (98.6) 1.020006 1.026413 1.032735
38 (100.4) 1.019605 1.026005 1.032319
39 (102.2) 1.019199 1.025590 1.031897
40 (104) 1.018786 1.025170 1.031469
be required and limits established for elements or compounds electrometrically at 25°C (77°F) using a glass electrode with a
not specified in the chemical composition given above. saturated potassium chloride bridge in accordance with Test
NOTE 5—The specific gravity of salt solution will change with
Method E70.
temperature. Table 2 shows salt concentration and density versus tempera-
NOTE 7—The freshly prepared salt solution may be filtered or decanted
ture and can be used to determine if the sample measured is within
before it is placed in the reservoir, or the end of the tube leading from the
specification. The sample to be measured may be a composite sample from
solution to the atomizer may be covered with a double layer of cheesecloth
multiple fog-collecting devices within a single cabinet, if necessary, to
or suitable nonmetallic filter cloth to prevent plugging of the nozzle.
obtain sufficient solution volume for measurement.
Table 23 shows the salt concentration and salt density of 4%, 5%, and
6% salt solution between 20 and 40°C. A measurement that falls within the 7. Procedure
range between 4 and 6% is acceptable.
It is important to understand the equipment being used to measure 7.1 Position of Specimens During Test:
specific gravity. One common practice for specific gravity measurement is 7.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, support or suspend the
the use of a hydrometer. If used, careful attention to the hydrometer type
specimens between 6 and 45° from the vertical, and preferably
is important as most are manufactured and calibrated for measurements at
15.6°C. Since salt density is temperature dependent an offset will be parallel to the principal direction of horizontal flow of fog
necessary to make an accurate measurement at other temperatures. through the chamber, based upon the dominant surface being
Contact the hydrometer manufacturer to find the proper offset for the tested. Note that test severity increases as angle from the
hydrometer being used. vertical increases.
NOTE 6—A measurable limit for anti-caking agents is not being defined
as a result of how salt is manufactured. During salt manufacturing, it is 7.1.2 Do not allow contact of the specimens between each
common practice to create salt slurry from the raw salt mined. A other, between any metallic material, or between any material
crystallization process then captures the pure salt from this slurry. Some capable of acting as a wick.
naturally occurring anti-caking agents can be formed in this process and
are not removed from the resultant product. Avoid salt products where 7.1.3 Place each specimen so as to permit free settling of fog
extra anti-caking agents are added. Additionally, when doing an elemental on all specimens. A minimum spacing between specimens of
analysis of salt there can be trace elements present that either stand alone 30 mm is recommended.
or are part of an anti-caking agent. It is not economically feasible to know
where such elements came from due to the long list of possible anti-caking 7.1.4 Do not permit the salt solution from one specimen to
agents that would have to be tested. Therefore a salt product that meets the drip on any other specimen.
impurity, halide, and copper limits with no anti-caking agents added is 7.1.5 It is recommended that placement of replicate speci-
acceptable. The salt supplier can provide an analysis of the salt with a
mens be randomized to avoid possible bias caused by differ-
statement indicating that anti-caking agents were not added to the product.
ence in spray patterns. Individual specimens may also be
6.4 The pH of the salt solutions will vary depending on the rotated daily for the same reason.
test method used. Before the solution is atomized, free it of
7.1.6 Suitable materials for the construction or coating of
suspended solids (see Note 7). Take the pH measurements
racks and supports are glass, rubber, plastic, or suitably coated
wood. Do not use bare metal. Support specimens preferably
3
from the bottom or the side. Slotted wooden, laminated plastic,
“Thermodynamic Properties of the NaCl + H2O system II. Thermodynamic
Properties of NaCl(aq), NaCl.2H2O(cr), and Phase Equilibria,” Journal of Physics or inert plastic strips are suitable for the support of flat panels.
and Chemistry Reference Data, Vol 21, No. 4, 1992. Suspension from glass hooks or waxed string may be used as
3
G85 − 11
long as the specified position of the specimens is obtained, and, 9.1.3 Weekly or daily records, see Note 10, (depending on
if necessary, by means of secondary support at the bottom of which test annex is being performed) of data obtained from
the specimens. each fog-collecting device for volume of salt solution collected
7.2 Continuity of Test—Unless otherwise specified in the in millilitres per hour of operation per 80 cm2 of horizontal
specifications covering the material or product being tested, the collection area.
test shall be continuous for the duration of the entire test 9.1.4 Concentration or specific gravity of collected solution
period. Continuous operation implies that the chamber be and the temperature of that solution when measured. Follow
closed except for the short daily interruptions necessary to Table 2 for salt concentration and density versus temperature to
inspect, rearrange, or remove test specimens, to check and determine that the sample measured is within specification.
replenish the solution in the reservoir, and to make necessary Sample to be measured may be a composite sample from
recordings as described in 4.3.1, 4.3.2, and Section 9. (See multiple fog-collecting devices within a single cabinet, if
Note 8.) necessary, to obtain sufficient solution volume for measure-
ment.
NOTE 8—Operations should be so scheduled that the cumulative 9.1.5 pH of collected solution. Sample to be measured may
maximum time for these interruptions are held to 60 min or less per day.
It is recommended to have only one interruption per day if possible. If
be a composite sample from multiple fog collecting devices
interruption time is longer that 60 min, it should be noted in the test report. within a single cabinet, if necessary, to obtain sufficient
solution volume for measurement.
7.3 Period of Test—Designate the period of test in accor-
9.1.6 Weekly or daily records, see Note 10, (depending on
dance with the specifications covering the material or product
which test annex is being performed) of data obtained from
being tested or as mutually agreed upon between the purchaser
fog-collecting devices for concentration or specific gravity at
and the seller. Exposure periods of multiples of 24 h are
23 6 3°C (73 6 5°F) of solution collected (see Note 11) and
suggested.
pH of collected solution. Sample to be measured may be a
7.4 Cleaning of Tested Specimens—Unless otherwise speci- composite sample from multiple fog-collecting devices (within
fied in the specifications covering the material or product being one test chamber), if necessary to obtain sufficient solution
tested, at the end of the test, specimens may be gently washed volume for measurement. All records of data obtained for
or dipped in clean running water no warmer than 38°C (100°F) volume of salt solution collected in millilitres per hour per each
to remove salt deposits from their surface, and then immedi- 80 cm2 fog collecting device. (See 4.3.2.)
ately dried. Dry with a stream of clean, compressed air.
NOTE 10—Except on Saturday, Sundays, and holidays, when the test is
NOTE 9—Drying with compressed air may not be desirable for not interrupted for exposing, rearranging, or removing test specimens or to
aluminum specimens to be tested for exfoliation corrosion resistance. check and replenish the solution in the reservoir(s).
9.1.7 Type of specimen and its dimensions, or number or
8. Evaluation of Results
description of part,
8.1 Make a careful and immediate examination for the 9.1.8 Method of cleaning specimens before and after
extent of corrosion of the dry test specimens or for other failure testing,
as required by the specifications covering the material or 9.1.9 Method of supporting or suspending article in the salt
product being tested or by agreement between the purchaser spray chamber,
and the seller. 9.1.10 Description of protection used as required in 5.2.4,
9.1.11 Exposure period,
9. Report
9.1.12 Interruptions in test, cause and length of time, and
9.1 Record the following information, unless otherwise 9.1.13 Results of all inspections.
prescribed in the specifications covering the material or prod-
NOTE 11—It is also advisable to record the concentration or specific
uct being tested: gravity of any atomized salt solution that has not made contact with the
9.1.1 Type of salt and water used in preparing the salt test specimen and that was returned to the reservoir.
solution,
9.1.2 All readings of temperature within the exposure zone 10. Keywords
of the chamber, 10.1 acidic salt spray; corrosion; salt spray
4
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ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. ACETIC ACID-SALT SPRAY (FOG) TESTING
A1.1 Salt Solution A1.3 Conditions in the Salt Spray Chamber

A1.1.1 A sodium chloride solution made in accordance with A1.3.1 Temperature —Maintain the exposure zone of the
6.3. acetic acid-salt spray fog chamber at 35 6 2°C (95 6 3°F).
A1.1.2 Adjust the pH of this solution measured in accor- Each set point and its tolerance represents an operational
dance with Test Method E70 to range from 3.1 to 3.3 by the control point for equilibrium conditions at a single location in
addition of acetic acid. the cabinet which may not necessarily represent the uniformity
NOTE A1.1—The initial solution may be adjusted to pH of 3.0 to 3.1 of conditions throughout the cabinet.
with the expectation that the pH of the collected fog will be within the
specified limits. Base the adjustment of the initial pH for make-up solution NOTE A1.2—This test is particularly applicable to research studies that
upon the requirements to maintain the required pH of the collected have the effect of altering parameters of the electroplating process in
samples. If less than 0.1 or more than 0.3 % of the glacial acetic acid is connection with decorative chromium plating on steel or zinc die-cast base
required to attain the specified pH, the purity of the water or salt, or both as well as for the evaluation of the quality of the product. This is true
may not be satisfactory. because of the normal duration of the test, which may be as brief as 16 h,
but normally runs for 144 to 240 h or more giving ample opportunity for
A1.2 Conditions in Saturator Tower observations at practical intervals of the effects of minor parameter
changes.
A1.2.1 Make sure the temperature in the saturator tower
(bubble tower) is 47 6 1°C (117 6 2°F).
A2. CYCLIC ACIDIFIED SALT FOG TESTING
A2.1 Salt Solution A2.3.3 Cabinet —Equip the chamber with a timing device
A2.1.1 Use a sodium chloride solution made in accordance that can be used for the following 6-h repetitive cycles: 3⁄4-h
with 6.3. spray; 2-h dry-air purge; and 31⁄4-h soak at high relative
humidity.
A2.1.2 Adjust the pH of this solution to range from 2.8 to
3.0 by the addition of acetic acid. A2.3.4 Purge—Purging of the fog atmosphere immediately
after spraying is the most unique feature of this test. Dry all
A2.2 Conditions in Saturator Tower droplets of water on the specimens and dry the corrosion
A2.2.1 Make sure the temperature in the saturator tower products so that they are of a white, rather than a damp gray
(bubble tower) is 57 6 1°C (135 6 2°F). appearance. Perform this by electrically switching the air-flow
to bypass the saturator tower and aspirator nozzle and allowing
A2.3 Conditions in Salt-Spray Chamber
it to enter directly into the test chamber for 120 min at an angle
A2.3.1 Temperature —Maintain the temperature in the ex- that sweeps the fog out of the peaked lid of the cabinet. This
posure zone of the salt spray chamber at 49 6 2°C (120 6 reduces the relative humidity from 40 to 7 %, depending on the
3°F). climatic conditions of the ambient air. After purging, the
A2.3.2 Humidity —Although the humidity limits for opti- specimens remain in the closed cabinet until the next spray
mum test conditions have not been determined, operate the salt cycle. Since most testing requires a wet bottom, the humidity
spray chamber under wet bottom conditions (that is, make sure gradually increases from 65 to 95 % during this period.
an inch or so of water is present in the bottom of the box) for
most testing. This ensures that the interior of the box does not A2.3.5 Atomization and Quantity of Fog—Collect the fog in
become dry, a condition that decreases corrosion rate. (The dry a special continuous spray run of at least 16 h periodically
bottom is recommended, however, for testing 2000-series between test runs. Determine the proper consumption of
aluminum alloys and paint coatings that require a less aggres- solution by monitoring solution level in the collection devices.
sive environment.)4
4
Personal communication, Alcoa Technical Center, New Kensington, PA.
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A3. ACIDIFIED SYNTHETIC SEA WATER (FOG) TESTING
A3.1 Salt Solution NOTE A3.1—This test is particularly applicable to production control of
exfoliation-resistant heat treatments for the 2000, 5000, and 7000-series
A3.1.1 Use a synthetic sea salt solution made in accordance aluminum alloys.5 It is also applicable to developmental studies of varying
with 6.2, with the addition of 10 mL of glacial acetic acid per heat treatment parameters to determine effect on corrosion behavior. For
litre of solution. this purpose, a temperature of 49°C (120°F) is recommended for the
exposure zone. For testing organic coatings on various metallic substrates,
A3.1.2 Adjust the pH of the salt solution between 2.8 and an exposure zone temperature of 24 to 35°C (75 to 95°F) may be used
3.0. since temperatures in excess of 35°C frequently result in paint blistering.
A3.3.2 Humidity —Although the humidity limits for opti-
A3.2 Conditions in Saturator Tower—Make sure the tem-
mum test conditions have not been determined, results of an
perature in the saturator tower (bubble tower) is 47 6 1°C
interlaboratory testing program indicate that it is necessary to
(1176 2°F) if cabinet temperature is 35°C (95°F); and 57 6
operate under wet bottom conditions (that is, an inch or so of
1°C (135 6 2°F) if cabinet temperature is 49°C (120°F).
water should always be present in the bottom of the box). This
A3.3 Conditions in Salt Spray Chamber ensures that the interior of the box does not become dry, a
condition that will decrease the corrosion rate.
A3.3.1 Temperature —The temperature in the exposure
zone of the salt spray chamber may vary to suit the material A3.3.3 Cabinet —Equip the cabinet with a timing device
being tested. The specifications that cover the material or that can be used for the following cycle: 30-min spray followed
product being tested define the temperature or the temperature by 90-min soak at above 98 % relative humidity.
may be mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the
seller. See Note A3.1 for recommended exposure zone tem- 5
Ketcham, S. J., and Jeffrey, P. W., “Localized Corrosion-Cause of Metal
peratures for some materials. Failure,” ASTM STP 516, ASTM, 1973, pp. 273–302.
A4. SALT/SO2 SPRAY (FOG) TESTING
A4.1 This test consists of spraying salt fog with introduction A4.4.2.2 Flowmeter capable of measuring SO2 gas flow of
of SO2 gas directly into the chamber periodically. 1 cm3/min·ft3 of cabinet volume (35 cm3/min·m3); also con-
structed of materials inert to SO2 gas.
A4.2 Salt Solution A4.4.2.3 Timer.
A4.2.1 Define the salt solution by using the specifications A4.4.2.4 Two-way solenoid valve fabricated of materials
covering the material or product being tested or upon mutual inert to SO2 gas.
agreement between the purchaser and the seller. A4.4.2.5 Tubing and fittings for SO2 line of materials inert
to SO2 gas. A schematic of the SO2 line is shown in Fig. A4.1.
A4.2.2 If synthetic sea salt is specified, prepare it in
NOTE A4.1—It is highly desirable to have the SO2 gas introduced into
accordance with 6.2. the chamber in such a way that a uniform dispersion throughout the
interior will result. If the cabinet is equipped with a central dispersion
A4.2.3 If sodium chloride is specified, prepare it in accor-
tower, holes can be drilled in the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
dance with 6.3. baffle at the top of the tower so that the gas comes out of eight uniformly
spaced ports. There are undoubtedly other means for accomplishing a
A4.3 Conditions in Saturator Tower uniform dispersion of the gas. However, avoid introducing the gas into the
chamber through one or two tubes at the side.
A4.3.1 Make sure the temperature in the saturator tower
(bubble tower) is 47 6 1°C (117 6 2°F). A4.4.3 The pH of the collected solution shall range from 2.5
to 3.2.
A4.4 Conditions in the Salt Spray Chamber A4.4.4 Cycle—Define the cycle to be used by using the
A4.4.1 Temperature —Maintain the exposure zone of the specifications covering the material or product being tested or
salt spray chamber at 35 6 2°C (95 6 3°F). upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller.
Examples of some possible cycles are as follows:
A4.4.2 SO2 Gas—Equipment and materials required for A4.4.4.1 Constant spray with introduction of SO2 gas for 1
addition of SO2 to cabinet are as follows: h 4 × a day (every 6 h).
A4.4.2.1 Cylinder of SO2 gas. A4.4.4.2 1⁄2-h salt spray, 1⁄2-h SO2, 2-h soak.
6
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FIG. A4.1 Schematic of SO2 Line into Salt Fog Cabinet
A5. DILUTE ELECTROLYTE CYCLIC FOG/DRY TEST
A5.1 This test consists of cycles of 1-h dry-off and 1-h fog. A5.3.3 The pH of the collected solution shall range between
The electrolyte is a solution of sodium chloride and ammonium 5.0 and 5.4 (see 4.3.2 and 6.4).
sulfate, and is much more dilute than traditional salt fog. The A5.3.4 Dry-Off Temperature—The temperature throughout
fog is performed at room temperature, while the dry-off is at the exposure zone shall reach and remain at 35 6 1.5°C (95 6
elevated temperature. In addition, the spray atomizing air is not 3°F) within 3⁄4-h of switching from the fog period to the dry
saturated with water. period.
NOTE A5.1—This test is particularly applicable to paints on steel.
A5.3.4.1 The dry-off is achieved by purging the chamber
A5.2 Salt Solutions with fresh air, such that within 3⁄4-h all visible moisture is dried
off of the specimens.
A5.2.1 Prepare an electrolyte solution of 0.05 % sodium
chloride and 0.35 % ammonium sulfate by mass. The water A5.4 Cabinet Modifications—In order to achieve the tem-
and sodium chloride shall meet the purity requirements of perature changes specified in this annex, modifications or
Section 6. The ammonium sulfate shall contain not more than additions to Practice B117 apparatus may be required. These
0.3 % total impurities. may include:
A5.3 Conditions in the Salt Fog Chamber A5.4.1 Exposure chamber,
A5.3.1 Wet/Dry Cycle—The cycle consists of 1-h fog fol- A5.4.2 Temperature controls,
lowed by 1-h dry-off. A5.4.3 Air flow apparatus,
NOTE A5.2—Experience indicates that longer cycle times can produce A5.4.4 Insulation, and
slower degradation.
A5.3.2 Fog Temperature—During the fog period, no heating A5.4.5 Means for conditioning the heated air in the chamber
is applied to the cabinet. The fog exposure is at ambient room or water in the jacket.
temperature and conditions. A5.4.6 Consult the cabinet manufacturer for any additional
NOTE A5.3— Ambient conditions shall be an indoor atmosphere with
information or suggestions, or both.
no unusual pollution other than that arising from the test camber. Such
conditions shall be controlled to a temperature of 24 6 3°C (75 6 6°F) A5.5 Saturation Tower—This test does not use humidified
and a relative humidity below 75 %. Different room temperatures can give air. Use one of the following methods to avoid humidifying the
different results. air:
7
G85 − 11
A5.5.1 Empty the saturation tower and ensure that the tower not saturate the atomizing air with water, because the purpose of saturation
heaters are turned off, or is to help keep the solution at a fixed concentration.
A5.5.2 Arrange the spray plumbing so that the atomizing air A5.6 Atomization and Quantity of Fog—Collect the fog in a
does not go through the saturation tower, but goes directly to special continuous spray run of at least 16 h, performed
the spray nozzle. between test runs. The regular spray periods of 1 h are not long
NOTE A5.4—The cycling from wet to dry subjects the specimens to a enough for collecting sufficient fog to make accurate determi-
range of solution concentrations varying from very dilute during the fog nations of deposition rate. See 4.3.2 for instructions on fog
period to very concentrated just before the water dries off completely. Do collection.
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. SYNOPSIS TEXT CORRELATING WITH Annex A1
X1.1 “Spray” (Fog) Solution operational control point for equilibrium conditions at a single
X1.1.1 5 6 1 parts by mass of Sodium Chloride in 95 parts location in the cabinet which may not necessarily represent the
by mass of Specification D1193 Type IV water. Adjust pH of uniformity of conditions throughout the cabinet.
solution from 3.1 to 3.3 by the addition of glacial acetic acid. X1.1.3 Fog at a rate of 1.0 to 2.0 mL/h per 80 cm2 of
(See Fig. X1.1.) horizontal collection area.
X1.1.2 Maintain the exposure zone temperature at 35 6 2°C
(95 6 3°F). Each set point and its tolerance represents an
8
G85 − 11
NOTE 1—Dashed chart lines indicate temperature tolerance limits.

NOTE 2—Reprinted with permission.
FIG. X1.1 Continuous Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
X2.1 “Spray” (Fog) Solution for equilibrium conditions at a single location in the cabinet
X2.1.1 5 6 1 parts by mass of Sodium Chloride in 95 parts which may not necessarily represent the uniformity of condi-
by mass of Specification D1193 Type IV water. Adjust pH of tions throughout the cabinet.
solution from 2.8 to 3.0 by the addition of glacial acetic acid. X2.1.3 Fog at a rate of 1.0 to 2.0 mL/h per 80 cm2 of
(See Fig. X2.1.) horizontal collection area, based on a separate continuous fog
X2.1.2 Exposure zone temperature to be held at 49 6 2°C cycle of at least 16 h.
(120 6 3°F). Operate with wet bottom condition. Saturate/
Bubble/Humidifying Tower at 57 6 1°C (135 6 2°F). Each set X2.1.4 The test is 6-h repetitive cycles: 3⁄4 –h spray; 2-h
point and its tolerance represents an operational control point dry-air purge; and 31⁄4 –h soak at high relative humidity.
9
G85 − 11

FIG. X2.1 Cyclic Acidified Salt Fog Testing
X3.1 “Spray” (Fog) Solution sents an operational control point for equilibrium conditions at
X3.1.1 42 g of synthetic sea salt and 10 mL of glacial acetic a single location in the cabinet which may not necessarily
acid per litre of solution using Specification D1193 Type IV represent the uniformity of conditions throughout the cabinet.
water. Adjust the pH of solution to between 2.8 and 3.0. X3.1.3 Fog at a rate of 1.0 to 2.0 mL/h per 80 cm2 of
Practice D1141 states that, to adjust pH, use 10% Sodium horizontal collection area, based on a separate continuous fog
Hydroxide (NaOH) solution. (See Fig. X3.1.) cycle of at least 16 h.
X3.1.2 Exposure zone temperature may vary to suit material
and ranges from 24 to 49 6 2°C (75 to 120 6 3°F), with wet X3.1.4 The cycle is 2 h repetitive cycles: 1⁄2-h spray with
bottom configuration. Each set point and its tolerance repre- 1 ⁄ -h soak at or above 98 % relative humidity.
12
10
G85 − 11

FIG. X3.1 Cyclic Acidified Synthetic Sea Water (Fog) Testing
X4. CONSTANT SPRAY (FOG) WITH INTRODUCTION OF SO2 GAS FOR 1 H FOUR TIMES A DAY (EVERY 6 H)
(SYNOPSIS TEXT CORRELATING WITH Annex A4)
X4.1 “Spray” (Fog) Solution X4.1.3 Fog at a rate of 1.0 to 2.0 mL/h per 80 cm2 of
X4.1.1 Either 1) 5 parts of NaCl by mass in 95 parts by mass horizontal collection area, based on a separate continuous fog
of Specification D1193 Type IV water, or 2) 42 g of synthetic cycle of at least 16 h.
sea salt in accordance with Practice D1141 per litre of solution. X4.1.4 pH 2.5 to 3.2 of collected solution.
Practice D1141 states that to adjust pH use 10% Sodium
Hydroxide (NaOH) solution. (See Fig. X4.1.) X4.1.5 The test is a 6-h repetitive cycle: Constant salt fog
with SO2 gas introduction for the last 1 h of each 6 h cycle. SO2
X4.1.2 Exposure zone temperature to be held constant at 35
gas flow is 1 cm3/min-ft3 (35 cm3/min-m3) of chamber volume.
6 2°C (95 6 3°F). Each set point and its tolerance represents
an operational control point for equilibrium conditions at a X4.1.6 The SO2 gas is injected into the chamber by a gas
single location in the cabinet which may not necessarily dispersion ring or other means to aid a uniform dispersion of
represent the uniformity of conditions throughout the cabinet. gas throughout the chamber.
11
G85 − 11

FIG. X4.1 Cyclic Salt/SO2 Spray (Fog) Testing (Example X4.1.1)
X5. 3 H REPETITIVE CYCLE: 1⁄2-H SPRAY, 1⁄2-H SO2, AND 2-H SOAK
X5.1 “Spray” (Fog) Solution X5.1.3 Fog at a rate of 1.0 to 2.0 mL/h per 80 cm2 of
X5.1.1 Either 1) 5 parts of NaCl by mass in 95 parts by mass horizontal collection area, based on a separate continuous fog
of Specification D1193 Type IV water, or 2) 42 g of synthetic cycle of at least 16 h.
sea salt in accordance with Practice D1141 per litre of solution. X5.1.4 pH 2.5 to 3.2 of collected solution.
Practice D1141 states that to adjust pH use 10% Sodium
Hydroxide (NaOH) solution. (See Fig. X5.1.) X5.1.5 The test is 3 h repetitive cycles: 1⁄2-h (fog) spray;
⁄ -h SO2; and 2-h soak. SO2 gas flow is 1 cm3/min-ft3 (35
12
X5.1.2 Exposure zone temperature to be held constant at 35
cm3/min-m3) of chamber volume.
6 2°C (95 6 3°F). Each set point and its tolerance represents
an operational control point for equilibrium conditions at a X5.1.6 The SO2 gas is injected into the chamber by a gas
single location in the cabinet which may not necessarily dispersion ring or other means to aid a uniform dispersion of
represent the uniformity of conditions throughout the cabinet. gas throughout the chamber.
12
G85 − 11

FIG. X5.1 Cyclic Salt/SO2 Spray (Fog) Testing (Example X5.1.1)
X6. 2 H REPETITIVE CYCLE: 1–H SPRAY AND 1–H DRY OFF

X6.1 “Spray” (Fog) Solution visible moisture is dried off the specimens. Each set point and
X6.1.1 0.05 % sodium chloride and 0.35 % ammonium its tolerance represents an operational control point for equi-
sulfate by mass in Specification D1193 Type IV water. (See librium conditions at a single location in the cabinet which may
Fig. X6.1.) not necessarily represent the uniformity of conditions through-
out the cabinet.
X6.1.2 The test is 2–h repetitive cycles: 1-h spray with
exposure zone temperature at ambient room temperature of 24 X6.1.3 Spray fog atmosphere at a rate of 1.0 to 2.0 mL/h per
6 3°C (75 6 6°F); and 1–h dry off at 35 6 2°C (95 6 3°F). 80 cm2 of horizontal collection area, based on a separate
The dry off temperature must reach and remain at 35 6 2°C (95 continuous fog cycle of at least 16 h. The spray atomizing air
6 3°F) within 3⁄4-h of switching from spray. The dry off is is not saturated with water.
achieved by purging with fresh air such that within 3⁄4-h all X6.1.4 pH 5.0 to 5.4 of collected solution.
13
G85 − 11

NOTE 2—Temperature changes illustrated are pictorial representations only and are not based on actual tests.
FIG. X6.1 Dilute Electrolyte Cyclic Fog/Dry Test
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14

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What are the different types of modified salt spray tests described?

What are the different types of modified salt spray tests described?

What are the apparatus requirements for conducting modified salt spray tests?

What are the apparatus requirements for conducting modified salt spray tests?

Designation: G85 − 11

Standard Practice for

1. Scope D1141 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean

A1. ACETIC ACID-SALT SPRAY (FOG) TESTING

A1.1 Salt Solution A1.3 Conditions in the Salt Spray Chamber

A2. CYCLIC ACIDIFIED SALT FOG TESTING

A3. ACIDIFIED SYNTHETIC SEA WATER (FOG) TESTING

A4. SALT/SO2 SPRAY (FOG) TESTING

FIG. A4.1 Schematic of SO2 Line into Salt Fog Cabinet

A5. DILUTE ELECTROLYTE CYCLIC FOG/DRY TEST

X1. SYNOPSIS TEXT CORRELATING WITH Annex A1

NOTE 1—Dashed chart lines indicate temperature tolerance limits.

X2. SYNOPSIS TEXT CORRELATING WITH Annex A2

NOTE 1—Dashed chart lines indicate temperature tolerance limits.

X3. SYNOPSIS TEXT CORRELATING WITH Annex A3

NOTE 1—Dashed chart lines indicate temperature tolerance limits.

NOTE 1—Dashed chart lines indicate temperature tolerance limits.

NOTE 1—Dashed chart lines indicate temperature tolerance limits.

X6. 2 H REPETITIVE CYCLE: 1–H SPRAY AND 1–H DRY OFF

NOTE 1—Dashed chart lines indicate temperature tolerance limits.

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