CLASS VIII MATHEMATICS

CH-2 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE

CBSE NCERT Solutions

Exercise 2.1
1. Solve the equation x – 2 = 7
Solution:
Given 𝑥𝑥 − 2 = 7
Add 2 to both sides
⇒𝑥𝑥−2+2=7+2

⇒ 𝑥𝑥=9
2. Solve the equation y + 3 = 10
Solution:
Given 𝑦𝑦 + 3 = 10
Subtract 3 from both sides
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 + 3 − 3 = 10 − 3
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 7
3. Solve the equation 6 = z + 2
Solution:
Given 6 = 𝑧𝑧 + 2
Subtract 2 from both sides
⇒ 6 − 2 = 𝑧𝑧 + 2 − 2
⇒ 4 = 𝑧𝑧 + 0
⇒ 𝑧𝑧 = 4
3 17
4. Solve the equation
7
+ 𝑥𝑥 = 7

Solution:
3 17
Given 7 + 𝑥𝑥 = 7
3
Subtract 7 from both sides
3 3 17 3
⇒ + 𝑥𝑥 − = −
7 7 7 7
3 3 14
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 + − =
7 7 7
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

⇒ 𝑥𝑥 + 0 = 2
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 2
5. Solve the equation 6x = 12
Solution:
Given 6𝑥𝑥 = 12
Dividing both sides by 6
6𝑥𝑥 12
⇒ =
6 6
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 2

6. Solve the equation t = 10

5

Solution:
𝑡𝑡
Given 5 = 10

Multiplying both sides by 5

𝑡𝑡
⇒5× = 5 × 10
5
⇒ 𝑡𝑡 = 50

7. Solve the equation 2𝑥𝑥

3 = 18

Solution:
2𝑥𝑥
Given 3
= 18

Multiplying both sides by 3

2𝑥𝑥
⇒ 3 × � � = 3 × 18
3
⇒ 2𝑥𝑥 = 54
Dividing both sides by 2
2𝑥𝑥 54
⇒ =
2 2
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 27
𝑦𝑦
8. Solve the equation 1.6 =
1.5

Solution:
𝑦𝑦
Given 1.6 = 1.5

Multiplying both sides by 1.5

Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

𝑦𝑦
⇒ 1.5 × 1.6 = 1.5 × � �
1.5
⇒ 2.4 = 𝑦𝑦
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 2.4
9. Solve the equation 7x – 9 = 16
Solution:
Given 7𝑥𝑥 − 9 = 16
Adding 9 on both sides
⇒ 7𝑥𝑥 = 16 + 9
⇒ 7𝑥𝑥 = 25
Dividing both sides by 7
25
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 =
7
10. Solve the equation 14y – 8 = 13
Solution:
Given 14𝑦𝑦 − 8 = 13
Transposing 8 to RHS
⇒ 14𝑦𝑦 = 8 + 13
⇒ 14y = 21
Divide by 14 on both sides
14y 21
⇒ =
14 14
3
⇒ y=
2
11. Solve the equation 17 + 6p = 9
Solution:
Given 17 + 6p = 9
Transposing 17 to RHS
⇒ 6p = 9 − 17
⇒ 6p = −8
Dividing both sides by 6
6p −8
⇒ =
6 6
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

4
⇒ p=−
3
x 7
12. Solve the 3
+ 1 = 15
equation
Solution:
𝑥𝑥 7
Given 3 + 1 = 15

Transposing 1 to RHS
𝑥𝑥 7
⇒ = −1
3 15
𝑥𝑥 7 15
⇒ = −
3 15 15
𝑥𝑥 −8
⇒ =
3 15
Multiplying both sides by 3
𝑥𝑥 −8
⇒3×� �=3×� �
3 15
−8
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 =
5
Exercise 2.2
1
1. If you subtract 12 from a number and multiply the result by 2, you get 1 . What is
8
the number?
Solution:
Let the number be 𝑥𝑥
According to question,
1 1 1
�x − � × =
2 2 8
Multiplying 2 to both sides
1 1 1
⇒ �x − � × × 2 = × 2
2 2 8
1 1
⇒ �x − � =
2 4
1
Adding 2 on both sides.
1 1
⇒ x= +
2 4
3
⇒ x=
4
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

3
Hence the number is 4.

2. The perimeter of a rectangular swimming pool is 154 m. Its length is 2

m more than twice its breadth. What are the length and the breadth of
the pool?
Solution:
Let the breadth be x m
The length will be (2x + 2)m
We know that Perimeter = 2(𝑙𝑙 + 𝑏𝑏)
Given perimeter of a pool = 154 m.
⇒ 2(2x + 2 + x) = 154
⇒ 2(3x + 2) = 154
154
⇒ 3x + 2 =
2
⇒ 3x + 2 = 77
⇒ 3x = 77 − 2 [transposing 2 to RHS]
⇒ 3x = 75
75
⇒ x=
3
⇒ x = 25
Breadth = 25m.
Length = 2 × 25 + 2 = 52m.
Hence, length is 52m and breadth is 25m

3. The base of an isosceles triangle is 4 cm. The perimeter of the triangle is

3
2
4 15 cm. What is the length of either of the remaining equal sides?

Solution:
4
Given, Base of triangle = 3 cm.
2
Perimeter of the triangle = 4 15 cm.

Let the length of equal sides be x cm

Perimeter = x + x + base
4
= 2x +
3
4 2
⇒ 2x + = 4
3 15
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

4 62
⇒ 2x + 3 = 15 (given)
4
Transposing 3 to RHS
62 4
⇒ 2𝑥𝑥 = −
15 3
62 − 20 42
⇒ 2x = =
15 15
14
⇒ 2x =
5
On dividing both sides by 2
14
⇒ x=
2×5
7
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 =
5
7
Hence, length of remaining equal sides is 5 cm.

4. Sum of two numbers is 95. If one exceeds the other by 15, find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the smaller number be x
Therefore, other number will be x + 15
Given, Sum of two numbers = 95.
According to question,
x + (x + 15) = 95
⇒ 2x + 15 = 95
Transposing 15 to RHS
⇒ 2x = 95 − 15
⇒ 2x = 80
Dividing 2 on both sides

2x 80
⇒ =
2 2
⇒ x = 40
Therefore, the numbers are 40 and 55.
5. Two numbers are in the ratio 5: 3. If they differ by 18, what are the numbers?
Solution:
Let the numbers be 5x and 3x respectively.
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

Given, 5x − 3x = 18
⇒ 2x = 18
Dividing both sides by 2.
2x 18
⇒ =
2 2
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 9
First number = 5𝑥𝑥
= 5 × 9 = 45
Second number = 3𝑥𝑥
= 3 × 9 = 27
6. Three consecutive integers add up to 51. What are these integers?
Solution:
Given sum of three consecutive integers = 51.
Let the three consecutive integer be x, x + 1, and x + 2.
Sum of these integers = x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 51
⇒ 3x + 3 = 51
Transposing 3 to RHS
⇒ 3x = 51 − 3
⇒ 3x = 48
On dividing both sides by 3
3x 48
⇒ =
3 3
⇒ x = 16
Other numbers are
x + 1 = 17
x + 2 = 18
Therefore, the consecutive integers are 16, 17 and 18.
7. The sum of three consecutive multiples of 8 is 888. Find the multiples.
Solution:
Given sum of three consecutive multiples of 8 is 888
Let the three consecutive multiples of 8 be 8x, 8(x + 1), 8(x + 2).
Sum of these numbers = 8x + 8(x + 1) + 8(x + 2) = 888
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

⇒ 8(x + x + 1 + x + 2) = 888
On dividing both sides by 8
8(3x + 3) 888
⇒ =
8 8
⇒ 3x + 3 = 111
⇒ 3x = 111 − 3
⇒ 3x = 108
3x 108
⇒ 3
= 3
[On dividing both sides by 3]

⇒ x = 36
Smallest multiple = 8x = 8 × 36
= 288
Next consecutive multiple = 8(x + 1) = 8(36 + 1)
= 8 × 37 = 296
Second next consecutive multiple = 8(x + 2) = 8(36 + 2)
= 8 × 38 = 304
Therefore, multiples are 288, 296 and 304
8. Three consecutive integers are such that when they are taken in increasing
order and multiplied by 2, 3 and 4 respectively , they add up to 74. Find
these numbers.
Solution:
Let the three consecutive integers be 𝑥𝑥, x + 1 and x + 2
Given, Consecutive integer when multiplied by 2,3,4 respectively, they add up
to 74.
According to question,
2x + 3(x + 1) + 4(x + 2) = 74
⇒ 2x + 3x + 3 + 4x + 8 = 74
⇒ 9x + 11 = 74
On transposing 11 to to RHS,
⇒ 9x = 74 − 11
⇒ 9x = 63
On dividing both sides by 9, we get

9x 63
=
9 9
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

⇒x=7
Other numbers are
x+1 =8
x+2 =9
Therefore, the numbers are 7, 8 and 9.
9. The ages of Rahul and Haroon are in the ratio 5: 7. Four years later the
sum of their ages will be 56 years. What are their present ages?
Solution:
Given ages of Rahul and Haroon are in ratio 5: 4.
Let age of Rahul and Haroon will be 5x years and 7x years respectively.
After 4 Years, the age of Rahul and Haroon will be (5x + 4) and (7x + 4)
years respectively.
According to question,
(5x + 4 + 7x + 4) = 56
⇒ 12x + 8 = 56
Transposing 8 to RHS
⇒ 12x = 56 − 8
⇒ 12x = 48
Dividing both sides by 12

12x 48
⇒ =
12 12
⇒x=4
Rahul’s age = 5x
=5×4
= 20 years
Haroon’s age= 7x
=7×4
= 28 years
Therefore, Rahul and Haroon’s present ages are
20 years and 28 years respectively.
10. The number of boys and girls in a class are in the ratio 7: 5. The number of
boys is 8 more than the number of girls. What is the total class strength?
Solution:
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

Given ratio of boys and girls in a class = 7: 5

Let, Number of boys = 7x
Number of girls = 5x
Given Number of boys = Number of girls +8
∴ 7x = 5x + 8
On transposing 5x to LHS
⇒ 7x − 5x = 8
⇒ 2x = 8
On dividing both sides by 2, we get
2x 8
⇒ =
2 2
⇒ x=4
Number of boys = 7x = 7 × 4 = 28
Number of girls = 5x = 5 × 4 = 20
Total class strength = 28 + 20
= 48
Therefore, total class strength = 48.
11. Baichung’s father is 26 years younger than Baichung’s grandfather and
29 years older than Baichung. The sum of the ages of all the three is 135 years.
What is the age of each one of them?
Solution:
Let Baichung’s father age be x years.
According to question, Baichung’s age and his grandfather’s age will be
(x − 29) and (x + 26) years respectively.
Given sum of ages of all the three = 135 years
⇒ (x − 29) + x + (x + 26) = 135
⇒ 3x − 3 = 135
On transposing 3 to RHS, we get
⇒ 3x = 135 + 3
⇒ 3x = 138
On dividing both sides by 3
3x 138
⇒ =
3 3
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

⇒ x = 46
Baichung age = x − 29
= 46 − 29
= 17 years
Baichung’s father age = x = 46 years
Baichung’s grandfather’s age = 𝑥𝑥 + 26 = 46 + 26
= 72 years
12. Fifteen years from now Ravi’s age will be four times his present age.
What is Ravi’s present age?
Solution:
Let Ravi’s present age be x years.
Fifteen years later, Ravi’s age = (x + 15) years
Given,
x + 15 = 4x
On transposing x to RHS, we get
⇒ 15 = 4x − x
⇒ 15 = 3x
Dividing 3 on both sides, we get

15 3x
⇒ =
3 3
⇒5=x
Therefore, Ravi’s present age = 5 years
5 2
13. A rational number is such that when you multiply it by and add to the
2 3
7
product, you get − . What is the number?
12

Solution:
Let the number be x
According to question,
5 2 −7
x+ =
2 3 12
2
on transposing 3 to RHS, we get

5 −7 2
⇒ x= −
2 12 3
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

5 −15
⇒ x=
2 12
2
On multiplying 5 to both sides, we get

−15 2
⇒x= ×
12 5
−1
⇒x=
2
−1
Therefore, the rational number is 2

14. Lakshmi is a cashier in a bank. She has currency notes of denominations ₹

100, ₹ 50 and ₹ 10, respectively. The ratio of the number of these notes is 2: 3
: 5. The total cash will Lakshmi is ₹ 4,00 ,000 . How many notes of each
denomination does she have?
Solution:
Given currency notes are in the ratio 2: 3: 5
Let numbers of ₹ 100 notes, ₹ 50 notes, ₹ 10, notes will be 2x, 3x and 5x
respectively.
Amount of ₹ 100 notes = ₹ (100 × 2x)
= ₹ 200x
Amount of ₹ 50 notes = ₹ (50 × 3x) = ₹ 150x
Amount of ₹ 10 notes = ₹ (10 × 5x) = ₹ 50 x
It is given that total amount is ₹ 400000
⇒ 200x + 150x + 50x = 400000
⇒ 400x = 400000
Dividing 400 to both sides, we get
⇒ x = 1000
Number of ₹ 100 notes = 2x
= 2 × 1000
= 2000
Number of ₹ 50 notes = 3x
= 3 × 1000
= 3000
Number of ₹ 10 notes = 5x
= 5 × 1000
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

= 5000
15. I have a total of ₹ 300 in coins of denomination ₹ 1, ₹ 2 and ₹ 5. The number
of ₹ 2 coins is 3 times the number of ₹ 5 coins . The total number of coins is
160. How many coins of each denomination are with me?
Solution:
Given total number of coins are 160.
Let the number of ₹ 5 coins be x.
Given Number of ₹ 2 coins = 3 × number of ₹ 5 coins
= 3x
Number of ₹ 1 coins = 160 − (number of coins of ₹ 5 and of ₹ 2)
= 160 − (3x + x)
= 160 − 4x
Amount of ₹ 1 coins = 1 × (160 − 4x)
= ₹ (160 − 4x)
Amount of ₹ 2 coins = ₹ (2 × 3x)
= ₹ 6x
Amount of ₹ 5 coins = ₹ (5 × x)
= ₹ 5x
Given, (160 − 4x) + 6x + 5x = 300
160 + 7x = 300
on transposing 160 to RHS, we get
⇒ 7x = 300 − 160
⇒ 7x = 140
On dividing both sides by 7, we get

140
⇒ x=
7
⇒ x = 20
Number of ₹ 5 coins = 20
Number of ₹ 1 coins = 160 − 4x = 160 − 4 × 20
= 160 − 80
= 80
Number of ₹ 2 coins = 3x = 3 × 20 = 60
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

16. The organisers of an essay competition decide that a winner in the

competition gets a prize of ₹ 100 and a participant who does not win gets
a prize of ₹ 25. The total prize money distributed is ₹ 3000. Find the
number of winners, if the total number of participants is 63.
Solution:
Given total number of participants are 63
Let the number of winners be x
Therefore, the number of participants who did not win will be 63 − x
Amount given to the winners = ₹ (100 × x)
= ₹ 100x
Amount given to the participants who did not win = ₹ �25(63 − x)�
= ₹ (1575 − 25x)
Given, 100x + (1575 − 25x) = 3000
⇒ 75x + 1575 = 3000
On transposing 1575 to RHS, we get
⇒ 75x = 3000 − 1575
⇒ 75x = 1425
On dividing both sides by 75, we get

1425
⇒ x=
75
⇒ x = 19
Therefore, the number of winners = 19
Exercise 2.3
1. Solve 3x = 2x + 18 and check your results
Solution:
Given 3x = 2x + 18
Transposing 2x to LHS
⇒ 3x − 2x = 18
⇒ x = 18
Verification:
L.H.S: R.H.S:
3x 2x + 18
Substituting 𝑥𝑥 = 18,
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

3(18) = 54 2(18) + 18 = 54
Hence verified.
2. Solve 5t − 3 = 3t − 5 and check your results
Solution:
Given 5t − 3 = 3t − 5
Transposing 3t to LHS
⇒ 5t − 3 − 3t = −5
⇒ (5t − 3t) − 3 = −5
⇒ 2t − 3 = −5
Transposing 3 to RHS
⇒ 2t = −5 + 3
⇒ 2t = −2
Divide by 2 on both sides
2t 2
⇒ =−
2 2
⇒ t = −1
Verification:
L.H.S:
5𝑡𝑡 − 3
= 5(−1) − 3
= −8
R.H.S:
3𝑡𝑡 − 5
= 3(−1) − 5
= −8
𝐿𝐿.H.S=R.H.S
Hence verified.
3. Solve 5x + 9 = 5 + 3x and check your results
Solution:
Given 5x + 9 = 5 + 3x
Transposing 3x to LHS
⇒ 5x − 3x + 9 = 5
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

⇒ 2x + 9 = 5
Transposing 9 to RHS
⇒ 2x = 5 − 9
⇒ 2x = −4
Dividing both sides by 2
−4
⇒x=
2
⇒ x = −2
Verification:
L.H.S:
5𝑥𝑥 + 9
= 5(−2) + 1
= −1
𝑅𝑅.H.S:
5 + 3𝑥𝑥
= 5 + 3(−2)
= −1
𝐿𝐿.H.S=R.H.S
Hence verified.
4. Solve 4z + 3 = 6 + 2z and check your results
Solution:
Given 4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
Transposing 2z to LHS
⇒ 4z − 2z + 3 = 6
⇒ 2z + 3 = 6
Transposing 3 to RHS
⇒ 2z = 6 − 3
⇒ 2z = 3
Dividing both sides by 2
3
⇒z=
2
Verification:
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

L.H.S:
4𝑧𝑧 + 3
3
= 4� �+3
2
=6+3
=9
R.H.S:
6 + 2𝑧𝑧
3
= 6 + 2� �
2
=6+3
=9
L.H.S=R.H.S
Hence verified.
5. Solve 2x − 1 = 14 − x and check your results
Solution:
Given 2x − 1 = 14 − x
Adding x to both sides
⇒ 2x + x − 1 = 14 − x + x
⇒ 3x − 1 = 14
Adding 1 to both sides
⇒ 3x − 1 + 1 = 14 + 1
⇒ 3x = 15
Dividing both sides by 3
15
⇒x=
3
⇒ x=5
Verification:
L.H.S:
2𝑥𝑥 − 1
= 2(5) − 1
=9
R.H.S:
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

14 − 𝑥𝑥
= 14 − 5
=9
L.H.S=R.H.S
Hence verified.
6. Solve 8x + 4 = 3(x − 1) + 7 and check your results
Solution:
Given 8x + 4 = 3(x − 1) + 7
⇒ 8x + 4 = 3x − 3 + 7
⇒ 8x + 4 = 3x + 4
Transposing 3x to LHS
⇒ 8x − 3x + 4 = 4
⇒ 5x + 4 = 4
Transposing 4 to RHS
⇒ 5x = 4 − 4
⇒ 5x = 0
⇒ x=0
Verification:
L.H.S:
8𝑥𝑥 + 4
= 8(0) + 4
=4
R.H.S:
3(𝑥𝑥 − 1) + 7
= 3(0 − 1) + 7
= −3 + 7
=4
L.H.S = R.H.S
Hence verified.

7. Solve x = 4 (x + 10) and check your results

5
Solution:
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

4
Given x = 5 (x + 10).

Multiplying both sides by 5

4
⇒ 5x = 5 × (x + 10)
5
⇒ 5x = 4(x + 10)
⇒ 5x = 4x + 40
Transposing 4x to LHS
⇒ 5x − 4x = 40
⇒ x = 40
Verification:
L.H.S:
𝑥𝑥 = 40
R.H.S:
4
(𝑥𝑥 + 10)
5
4
= (40 + 10)
5
4
= (50)
5
= 40
L.H.S = R.H.S
Hence verified.

8. Solve 2x + 1 = 7x
+ 3 and check your results
3 15

Solution:
2x 7x
Given 3
+ 1 = 15 + 3

Multiply both sides by 15

2x 7x
⇒ 15 × + 15 = 15 × + 3 × 15
3 15
⇒ 10x + 15 = 7x + 45
Transposing 7x to LHS
⇒ 10x − 7x + 15 = 45
⇒ 3x + 15 = 45
Subtract 15 from both sides
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

⇒ 3x + 15 − 15 = 45 − 15
⇒ 3x = 30
Divide by 3 on both sides
3x 30
⇒ =
3 3
⇒ x = 10
Verification:
L.H.S:
2𝑥𝑥
+1
3
2(10)
= +1
3
23
=
3
R.H.S:
7𝑥𝑥
+3
15
7(10)
= +3
15
14
= +3
3
23
=
3
L.H.S =R.H.S
Hence verified.

9. Solve 2y + 5 = 26 − y and check your results

3 3

Solution:
5 26
Given 2𝑦𝑦 + 3 = 3
− 𝑦𝑦

Adding y to both sides

5 26
⇒ 2y + y + = −y+y
3 3
5 26
⇒ 3y + =
3 3
Multiplying both sides by 3
⇒ 3 × 3y + 5 = 26
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

⇒ 9y + 5 = 26
Transposing 5 to RHS
⇒ 9y = 26 − 5
⇒ 9y = 21
Dividing both sides by 9
21
⇒y=
9
7
⇒ y=
3
Verification:
L.H.S:
5
2𝑦𝑦 +
3
7 5
= 2� �+
3 3
19
=
3
R.H.S:
26
− 𝑦𝑦
3
26 7
= −
3 3
19
=
3
L.H.S=R.H.S
Hence verified.

10. Solve 3m = 5m − 8 and check your results

5
Solution:
8
Given 3m = 5m − 5

Transposing 3m to RHS
8
⇒ 0 = 5m − 3m −
5
8
⇒ 0 = 2m −
5
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

8
Adding 5 to both sides
8 8 8
⇒ = 2m − +
5 5 5
8
⇒ = 2m
5
8
⇒ 2m =
5
Dividing both sides by 2
8
⇒m=
10
4
⇒m=
5
Verification:
L.H.S:
3m
4
= 3� �
5
12
=
5
R.H.S:
8
5𝑚𝑚 −
5
4 8
= 5� �−
5 5
12
=
5
L.H.S =R.H.S
Hence verified.
Exercise 2.4
5
1. Amina thinks of a number and subtract from it. She multiplies the result by
2
8. The result now obtained is 3 times the same number she thought of. What
is the number?
Solution:
Let the number be 𝑥𝑥
According to given question,
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

5
8 �x − � = 3x
2
⇒ 8x − 20 = 3x
⇒ 8x − 3x = 20
⇒ 5x = 20
20
⇒ x=
5
⇒ x=4
Therefore, the number she thought is 4.
2. A positive number is 5 times another number. If 21 is added to both
the numbers, then one of the new numbers become twice the other new
number. What are the numbers?
Solution:
Let the number be x, and 5x
According to question,
21 + 5x = 2(x + 21)
⇒ 21 + 5x = 2x + 42
Transposing 2x to LHS and 21 to RHS, we get
⇒ 5x − 2x = 42 − 21
⇒ 3x = 21

21
⇒ x=
3
⇒ x=7
Greater number = 5x
=5×7
= 35
Therefore, the numbers are 7 and 35.
3. Sum of the digits of a two -digit number is 9. When we interchange the
digits , it is found that the resulting new number is greater than the
original number by 27. What is the two-digit number?
Solution:
Let the digits at tens place and ones place be x and 9 − x respectively.
Therefore, the original number = 10x + (9 − x)
= 9x + 9
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

On interchanging the digits, the digits at ones place and tens place be x and
9 − x respectively.
Therefore, new number = 10(9 − x) + x
= 90 − 9x
Given, new number = original number + 27
90 − 9x = 9x + 9 + 27
⇒ 90 − 9x = 9x + 36
Transposing 9x to RHS and 36 to LHS, we get
⇒ 90 − 36 = 9x + 9x
⇒ 54 = 18x
54
⇒x=
18
⇒ x=3
Digits at ones place = 9 − x
=9−3
=6
Digit at tens place = x
=3
Hence, two digit number = 36
4. One of the two digits of a two-digit number is three times the other digit. If
you interchange the digits of this two digit number and add the resulting
number to the original number, you get 88. What is the original number?
Solution:
Let the digits at tens place and ones place be x and 3x respectively.
Therefore, original number = 10x + 3x
= 13x
On interchanging the digits, the digits at ones place and tens place will be x
and 3x respectively.
New number = 10 × 3x + x
= 31x
Given, original number + new number = 88
⇒ 13x + 31x = 88
⇒ 44x = 88
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

On dividing both sides by 44

88
⇒ x=
44
⇒x=2
Therefore, original number = 13x
= 13 × 2 = 26
By considering, the tens place and ones place be 3x and x respectively, the
two digit number = 62.
Therefore, the two digit number may be 26 or 62.
5. Shobo’s mother’s present age is six times shobo’s present age. Shobo’s
age five years from now will be one third of his mother ’s present age.
What are their present ages?
Solution:
Let shobo’s present age be x years.
And shobo’s mother present age = 6x years
According to question,

1
x+5 = × 6x
3
⇒ x + 5 = 2x
⇒ 2x = x + 5
⇒ 2x − x = 5
⇒ x=5
shobo’s mother present age = 6x years
= 6 × 5 = 30 years.
Hence, Shobo present age = 5 years and Shobo’s mother present age = 30
years.
6. There is a narrow rectangular plot, reserved for a school, in Mahuli village
. The length and breadth of the plot are in the ratio 11: 4. At the rate ₹ 100
per meter it will cost the village panchayat ₹ 75000 to fence the plot. What
are the dimensions of the plot?
Solution:
Let the length and breadth of the rectangular plot be 11x and 4x respectively.

Total cost
Perimeter of the plot= cost of 1 meter

75000
= = 750m
100
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

We know that, perimeter of rectangle = 2(l + b)

⇒ 2(11x + 4x) = 750
⇒ 30x = 750
750
⇒x=
30
⇒ x = 25
Hence, length of rectangular plot = 11 × 25
= 275 m
Breadth of rectangular plot = 4x
= 4 × 25
= 100 m
Therefore, the length and breadth of the plot are 275m and 100m
respectively.
7. Hasan buys two kinds of cloth materials for school uniforms, shirt materials
that costs him ₹ 50 per meter and trouser material that costs him ₹ 90 per
metre . For every 3 meters of the shirt material he buys 2 meters of the
trouser material. He sells the materials at 12% and 10% profit respectively
. His total sell is ₹ 36600 . How much trouser material did he buy?
Solution:
Let the shirt material and trouser material he bought be 3x, 2x respectively.
The cost of shirt material = 50 × 3x
= ₹150x

100+p%
The selling price at 12% gain = 100
× C. P.
100 + 12
= × 150x
100
112
= × 150x = ₹168x
100
The cost of trouser material = 90 × 2x
= ₹180x
100+p%
The selling price at 12% gain = 100
× C. P.
100 + 10
= × 180x
100
110
= × 180x = ₹198x
100
According to question,
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

168x + 198x = 36600

366x = 36600
36600
x= = 100
366
Now, trouser material = 2x = 2 × 100
= 200 meters
Hence, Hasan bought 200m trouser material.
8. Half of a herd of deer are grazing in the field and three fourths of the
remaining are playing nearby. The rest 9 are drinking water from the
pond. Find the number of deer in the herd.
Solution:
Let the total number of deer in the herd be x.
According to question,

x 3 x
x= + × �x − � + 9
2 4 2
x 3x
⇒ x= + +9
2 8
7x
⇒ x= +9
8
7x
⇒ x− =9
8
x
⇒ =9
8
⇒ x= 9×8
⇒ x = 72
Hence, the total number of deer in the herd is 72.
9. A grandfather is ten times older than his granddaughter. He is also 54
years older than her. Find their present ages.
Solution:
Let present age of granddaughter be x years.
Therefore, grandfather’s age = 10x years.
According to question.
10x = x + 54
⇒ 9x = 54
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

54
⇒ x=
9
⇒ x=6
Granddaughter’s present age = 6 years.
And Grandfather’s present age = 10x = 10 × 6 = 60 years.
Hence, granddaughter’s present age is 6 years and Grandfather’s present age is
60 years.
10. Aman’s age is three times his son’s age. Ten years ago he was five times
his son’s age. Find their present ages.
Solution:
Let the present age of Aman’s son’s be x years.
Therefore, Aman’s age = 3x years
According to question,
⇒ 3x − 10 = 5(x − 10)
⇒ 3x − 10 = 5x − 50
⇒ 50 − 10 = 5x − 3x
⇒ 40 = 2x
40
⇒ x= 2
= 20 years.

Hence, Aman’s son’s age = 20 years and Aman’s age = 3x = 3 × 20 =

60 years.
Exercise 2.5
1. Solve the linear equation x − 1 = x + 1
2 5 3 4

Solution:
x 1 x 1
Given 2 − 5 = 3 + 4

Multiplying both sides of the equations by 6

x 1 x 1
⇒ 6× −6× =6× +6×
2 5 3 4
6 3
⇒ 3x − = 2x +
5 2
Transposing 2x to LHS
6 3
⇒ 3x − 2x − =
5 2
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

6 3
⇒ x− =
5 2
6
Adding 5 to both sides
6 6 3 6
⇒ x− + = +
5 5 2 5
15 + 12
⇒ x=
10
27
⇒ x=
10
n 3n 5n
2. Solve the linear equation 2 − 4
+ 6
= 21

Solution:
n 3n 5n
Given 2 − 4
+ 6
= 21

Multiplying both sides by 12.

n 3n 5n
⇒ 12 × − 12 × + 12 × = 12 × 21
2 4 6
⇒ 6n − 9n + 10n = 252
⇒ 7n = 252
252
⇒n=
7
n = 36

3. Solve the linear equation x + 7 − 8x = 17 − 5x

3 6 2

Solution:
8x 17 5x
Given x + 7 − 3
= 6
− 2

Multiplying both side by 6.

8x 17 5x
⇒ 6(x + 7) − 6 × =6× −6×
3 6 2
⇒ 6x + 42 − 16x = 17 − 15x
⇒ 42 − 10x = 17 − 15x
Adding 15x to both sides
⇒ 42 − 10x + 15x = 17 − 15x + 15x
⇒ 5x + 42 = 17
Transposing 42 to RHS
⇒ 5x = 17 − 42
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

⇒ 5x = −25
Dividing both sides by 5
−25
⇒x=
5
x = −5
x−5 x−3
4. Solve the linear equation
3
= 5

Solution:
x−5 x−3
Given 3
= 5

Multiplying both sides by 15

15(x − 5) 15(x − 3)
⇒ =
3 5
⇒ 5(x − 5) = 3(x − 3)
⇒ 5x − 25 = 3x − 9
Transposing 3x to LHS
⇒ 5x − 3x − 25 = −9
⇒ 2x − 25 = −9
Adding 25 to both sides
⇒ 2x − 25 + 25 = −9 + 25
⇒ 2x = 16
Dividing both sides by 2
16
⇒x=
2
⇒x=8

5. Solve the linear equation 3t−2 − 2t+3 = 2 −t

4 3 3

Solution:
3t−2 2t+3 2
Given 4
− 3
=3−t

Multiplying both sides by 12

3t − 2 2t + 3 2
⇒ 12 � � − 12 � � = 12 × − 12t
4 3 3
⇒ 3(3t − 2) − 4(2t + 3) = 4 × 2 − 12t
⇒ 9t − 6 − 8t − 12 = 8 − 12t
⇒ t − 18 = 8 − 12t
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

Adding 12t to both sides

⇒ t + 12t − 18 = 8 − 12t + 12t
⇒ 13t − 18 = 8
Adding 18 to both sides
⇒ 13t − 18 + 18 = 8 + 18
⇒ 13t = 26
26
⇒ t= =2
13
6. Solve the linear equation m − m−1 =1− m−2
2 3

Solution:
m−1 m−2
Given m − 2
=1− 3

Multiplying both sides by 6

6(m − 1) (m − 2)
⇒ 6m − =6−6
2 3
⇒ 6m − 3(m − 1) = 6 − 2(m − 2)
⇒ 6m − 3m + 3 = 6 − 2m + 4
⇒ 3m + 3 = 10 − 2m
Adding 2m to both sides
⇒ 3m + 2m + 3 = 10 − 2m + 2m
⇒ 5m + 3 = 10
Transposing 3 to RHS
⇒ 5m = 10 − 3
⇒ 5m = 7
7
⇒ m=
5
7. Simplify and solve the linear equation 3(t − 3) = 5(2t + 1)
Solution:
Given 3(t − 3) = 5(2t + 1)
⇒ 3t − 9 = 10t + 5
Transposing 3t to RHS
⇒ −9 = 10t − 3t + 5
⇒ 7t + 5 = −9
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

Transposing 5 to RHS
⇒ 7t = −9 − 5
⇒ 7t = −14
−14
⇒ t=
7
⇒ t = −2
8. Simplify and solve the linear equation 15(y − 4) − 2(y − 9) + 5(y + 6) = 0
Solution:
Given 15(y − 4) − 2(y − 9) + 5(y + 6) = 0
⇒ 15y − 60 − 2y + 18 + 5y + 30 = 0
⇒ 18y − 12 = 0
Adding 12 to both sides
⇒ 18y − 12 + 12 = 12
⇒ 18y = 12
12
⇒y=
18
2
⇒ y=
3
9. Simplify and solve the linear equation 3(5z − 7) − 2(9z − 11)
= 4(8z − 13) − 17
Solution:
Given 3(5z − 7) − 2(9z − 11) = 4(8z − 13) − 17
⇒ 15z − 21 − 18z + 22 = 32z − 52 − 17
⇒ −3z + 1 = 32z − 69
Adding 3z to both sides
⇒ −3z + 3z + 1 = 32z + 3z − 69
⇒ 1 = 35z − 69
Adding 69 to both sides
⇒ 1 + 69 = 35z − 69 + 69
⇒ 70 = 35z
Diving 35 to both sides
70
⇒ =z
35
⇒ z=2
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

10. Simplify and solve the linear equation 0.25(4f − 3) = 0.05(10f − 9)

Solution:
Given 0.25(4f − 3) = 0.05(10f − 9)
⇒ f − 0.75 = 0.5f − 0.45
On transposing 0.5f to LHS
⇒ f − 0.5f − 0.75 = −0.45
⇒ 0.5f − 0.75 = −0.45
Adding 0.75 to both sides
⇒ 0.5f − 0.75 + 0.75 = −0.45 + 0.75
⇒ 0.5f = 0.30
0.30
⇒f=
0.50
3
⇒f=
5
Exercise 2.6
8x−3
1. Solve the equation
3x
=2

Solution:
8x−3
Given 3x
=2

Multiplying 3x to both sides

8x − 3
⇒� � × 3x = 2 × 3x
3x
⇒ 8x − 3 = 6x
Transposing 6x to LHS
⇒ 8x − 6x − 3 = 0
⇒ 2x − 3 = 0
Adding 3 to both sides
⇒ 2x = 3
3
⇒x=
2
9x
2. Solve the equation
7−6x
= 15

Solution:
9x
Given 7−6x = 15
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

Multiplying both sides by 7 − 6x

9x
⇒� � × (7 − 6x) = 15 × (7 − 6x)
7 − 6x
⇒ 9x = 105 − 90x
⇒ 9x + 90x = 105
⇒ 99x = 105
105
⇒x=
99
35
⇒x=
33
z 4
3. Solve the equation
z+15
=9

Solution:
z 4
Given z+15 = 9

Multiplying (z + 15) to both sides

z 4
⇒� � × (z + 15) = (z + 15)
z + 15 9
4
⇒ z = (z + 15)
9
Multiplying 9 to both sides
⇒ 9z = 4(z + 15)
⇒ 9z = 4z + 60
Transposing 4z to LHS
⇒ 9z − 4z = 60
⇒ 5z = 60
⇒ z = 12
3y+4 −2
4. Solve the equation =
2−6y 5

Solution:
3y+4 −2
Given 2−6y = 5

Multiplying (2 − 6y) to both sides

3y + 4 −2
⇒ � � × (2 − 6y) = (2 − 6y)
2 − 6y 5
−2
⇒ 3y + 4 = (2 − 6y)
5
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

⇒ 5(3y + 4) = −2(2 − 6y)

⇒ 15y + 20 = −4 + 12y
⇒ 15y − 12y + 20 = −4
⇒ 3y + 20 = −4
⇒ 3y = −24
−24
⇒ y=
3
⇒ y = −8
7y+4 −4
5. Solve the equation =
y+2 3

Solution:
7y+4 −4
Given y+2
= 3

Multiplying (y + 2) to both sides

7y + 4 −4
⇒� � × (y + 2) = × (y + 2)
y+2 3
−4
⇒ 7y + 4 = (y + 2)
3
Multiplying 3 to both sides
⇒ 3(7y + 4) = −4(y + 2)
⇒ 21y + 12 = −4y − 8
⇒ 21y + 4y = −8 − 12
⇒ 25y = −20
−20
⇒y=
25
−4
⇒y=
5
6. The ages of Hari and harry are in the ratio 5: 7. Four years from now
the ratio of their ages will be 3: 4. Find their present ages
Solution:
Let the present ages of Hari and harry be 5x and 7x respectively.
After 4 years,
Hari’s age = 5x + 4
Harry’s age = 7x + 4
Class- VIII-CBSE-Mathematics Linear Equations In One Variable

5x+4 3
Given 7x+4 = 4

Cross multiplication gives 4(5x + 4) = 3(7x + 4)

⇒ 20x + 16 = 21x + 12
⇒ 16 − 12 = 21x − 20x
⇒ 4=x
Therefore, Hari’s present age = 5x = 20 years
Harry’s present age = 7x = 28 years
7. The denominator of a rational number is greater than its numerator by 8. If the
numerator is increased by 17 and denominator is decreased by 1, the number
obtained is 3 . Find the rational number
2
Solution:
Let the numerator of rational number be x
Given Denominator is greater than numerator by 8 .
Then, denominator = x + 8
If numerator = x + 17,
Then denominator = x + 8 − 1
=x+7
3
Given Number = 2
𝑥𝑥+17 3
i.e., 𝑥𝑥+7
=2

on cross multiplying
⇒ 2(x + 17) = 3(x + 7)
⇒ 2x + 34 = 3x + 21
⇒ 34 − 21 = 3x − 2x
⇒ 13 = x
Hence, numerator = 13
Denominator = 13 + 8
= 21
13
Therefore, Number is 21
⧫⧫⧫